Garden fruit trees. Fruit trees are the best varieties of fruit trees. What is a garden without cherries

In this article I will give a description and photo 8 best fruit trees for your garden. And so in order:

cherry plum

Number 1 among the best fruit trees for the garden is cherry plum. The advantages of this fruit crop include:

• high yield
• unpretentiousness to the composition of the soil
• fast maturation
• drought tolerance

Trees grow from 3 to 11 meters tall with a fairly developed root system and a pyramidal crown shape. There are single or multi-stem. Cherry plum wood is red-brown in color, quite hard and durable.

On average, cherry plum lives for about 35-50 years and is characterized by excellent yields (20-40 kilograms of fruit already after 3 years after planting).

The leaves are oval and wide. Flowers of cherry plum pink or white color, single, with an approximate size of 20-30 millimeters. They bloom earlier or at the same time as the leaves.

Fruits weighing from 7 to 60 grams, depending on whether the tree is wild or cultivated (fruit). Depending on the variety of cherry plum, the color of the fruit can be from purple to bright orange. Taste is very sweet to sour.

Cherry plum grows rapidly up to 10 years, and then slows down growth. Spinning tops and other overgrown branches quickly form on the tree. Due to the shallow occurrence of the roots, the tree may well coexist with a shallow groundwater flow (up to 1.6 meters).

Cherry plum is a photophilous fruit tree and does not like shady places. Recently, many frost-resistant fruit varieties, which easily tolerate frosts down to -35 degrees.

Cherry plum is widely used in ornamental horticulture due to flowering (early fragrant and plentiful).

Cherry plum is not picky about the choice of soil and can bear fruit where other stone fruits fruit crops refuse to do so. Cherry plum is also a little susceptible to pests and diseases, which cannot but rejoice.

The best varieties of cherry plum:

• Huck (medium late ripening)
• Granite (medium late maturation)
• Scythian gold (very early term ripening)
• Columnar (fruits are large, universal purpose)
• Cleopatra (medium maturity, high winter hardiness)
• Kuban comet (medium early variety, fruits are large up to 30 grams)
• Avalanche (medium-late ripening, fruits up to 30 grams, the stone is easily separated)
• Found (medium maturity, high regular yield)
• Traveler (early, medium and large fruits, yellow pulp with banana flavor)
• Ruby (with high winter hardiness)
• Sigma (also winter-hardy variety)

Cherry

In 2nd place among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Cherry is valued for:

• high yield
• good taste qualities
• fast maturation
• relatively good winter hardiness

The tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. If processed in a timely manner, then for the 6th year it already brings good yields. I propagate cherries from ancient times not only by grafting, but also by root shoots.

There are a huge number of varieties of cherries and they all differ in the quality of the fruit. Cherry varieties are distinguished by ripening time.

To the most early varieties relate:

• Gutievka (pictured)
• Vyanok
• Oryol early
• Amorel
• not chilly

To average maturation period includes:

• Brunette
• Bystrinka
• Bulatnikovskaya
• Vladimirskaya
• Volochaevka

To late The ripening period includes such varieties as:

• Apukhtinskaya
• Zhuravka
• Menzelinskaya
• Turgenevka

Cherry can be attributed to the best fruit trees for the garden for its exceptional usefulness. It contains vitamin C in effective doses, riboflavin, folic acid. Cherries contain more iron than apples. And the content of vitamin B2 and B9 prevents the development of such diseases as anemia.

Cherries are consumed both fresh and frozen. From them you can make great juices, amazing compotes, jams, jams, wines, ciders, confectionery and dried fruits.

Pear

Ranked 3rd among best trees for the garden is . The pear crown has a rounded or pyramidal shape, prone to overgrowing and thickening. Therefore, you need to approach with special care. The height of the fruit tree varies depending on the variety from 5 to 20 meters. In width, the diameter of the trunk can reach up to 5 meters.

The flowering period of pear begins in late April-May. The flowers are white, 2.5-3 cm in size. The fruit of the pear is oblong in shape, narrows towards the beginning of the ovary, but there are varieties of a round shape.

The pear begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. And bears fruit for 70-100 years. Pear roots are slightly branched, deepening into the soil by 40-80 centimeters. A pear propagates, usually by grafting (read the article about popular methods for grafting fruit trees). Compared to an apple tree, a pear is a less winter-hardy crop, but there are varieties that can withstand up to -35 frost.

Pear varieties are divided into:

• summer
• autumn
• winter

To the best summer include such varieties of pears as:

• Duchess summer (pictured)
• Space
• Moscow
• Severyanka
• Elegant Efimova

To the best autumn varieties include:

• Central Russian
• Bessemyanka
• botanical
• Dessert Rossoshanskaya
• Marble
• Chizhovskaya

To the best winter pear varieties include:

• Alyonushka
• Belarusian late
• Decan winter
• January

Plum

Number 4 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Belongs to the genus of stone fruit plants. About 30 types of plums are common, but 3-5 types are popular in Russia. The most common is the house plum.

In height, plum home usually grows up to 6-12 meters. Depending on the variety, the life expectancy of a fruit tree can be 20-30 years. Plum begins to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting. Read about planting fruit trees.

The root system is superficial and does not lie deep (30-40 centimeters). Plum buds produce 2-3 flowers. Empty (sleeping) buds in plums are practically not formed.

Plum begins to bloom in mid-May and blooms for 1-2 weeks, which is often combined with spring cooling. The flowers are white, about 2 cm in diameter. Plum pretty moody tree for several reasons:

• Insufficient winter hardiness (it suffers greatly in regions with a sharp temperature drop)
• Many varieties are cross-pollinated. For a good harvest in the garden, certain varieties of pollinators are needed.
• Does not tolerate drought well
• Subject to the misfortunes of pests and diseases (read how to deal with them)

But with all this, the plum is the most valuable berry, and if it receives proper care and care from you, then in return you would get:

• The exceptional usefulness of the culture (vitamin A, C, P)
• Plum is an excellent honey plant (40 kg of honey from 1 hectare of plum orchard)
• Serves as an excellent rootstock for almonds, peaches and apricots

The best varieties plums:

• Hungarian Moscow
• Volga beauty
• Memory of Timiryazev
• Record
• Smolinka
• skoroplodnaya
• Tula black
• Yachnaya blue (pictured)

Apple tree

Number 5 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. There are 36 species in the genus. In Russia, the most popular is a domestic or cultivated apple tree. Depending on the variety, the apple tree is divided into:

• undersized (up to 3 meters)
• medium height (up to 6 meters)
• vigorous (up to 14 meters)

For vigorous fruit trees, the annual growth is up to 40 centimeters, and for small ones up to 20 centimeters. The forms of crowns of apple trees are very diverse: from wide pyramidal to weeping.

The fruits of the apple tree are also diverse: from spherical to cylindrical. Blooms in late April-early May. When strong flowering begins, then only 10-15% of the flowers of the apple tree are tied, the rest fall off. After flowering, the apple tree is treated for diseases and pests (how to do it right)

The apple tree is propagated by grafting. The tree begins to bear fruit 2-7 years after planting. And bears fruit for 20-30 years. The apple tree is distinguished by a high percentage of productivity from all fruit trees.

For a person, an apple is a valuable product. It contains 11-13% sugars (fructose, sucrose and glucose), as well as malic and lemon acid. A certain amount contains vitamins B, P, C and other biologically active substances.

The best varieties of apple trees:

• Summer varieties (Cowberry, Moscow pear, Summer striped, Mantet, Medunitsa, Melba, Dream, Earlier Red, Folk, Papirovka)
• Autumn varieties (Zhigulevskoye, Cinnamon new, Cinnamon striped, Orlovskoye striped, Autumn striped)
• Winter varieties (Anise striped, Antonovka ordinary, Veteran, Asterisk, Beautiful, Lobo, Lighthouse, Orlik, Pepin saffron, Spartan, Welsey)

Sweet cherry

Number 6 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. The tree grows up to 10 meters high. In very rare cases, up to 20 meters. Cherry looks very decorative and magnificent thanks to a different palette of shades of leaves and a powerful crown.

The undoubted advantages of cherries include its non-disease propensity. And unlike cherries, it does not attract pests. Dry years are an exception. And of course, cherry berries are much tastier and healthier than cherries.

Fruits are sweet spherical in shape up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Cherry begins to bloom in early April and bears fruit from the end of May.

When planting a fruit tree, the place should be chosen in such a way as to protect it as much as possible from the north from the north winds, even if you have a winter-hardy variety. Do not plant cherries in shady places - she loves the light very much.

As for the soil, peaty, clay and sandy soils. Optimally medium loamy or sandy loam with a high content of fertile substances. Cherry does not tolerate stagnant water, so it is undesirable to plant in areas with a close groundwater flow.

The best varieties of cherries:

• Golden Loshitskaya
• Zhurba
• Zaslonovskaya
• Muscat
• Beauty (pictured)
• Northern
• Victory
• festival
• Folk

Apricot

Number 7 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. The tree reaches a height of 3 to 15 meters with a trunk diameter of 25-40 centimeters. The shape of the apricot crown is reverse pyramidal. The apricot begins to bloom at the end of April, before the leaves open. Flowers with white or pinkish petals are about 3 centimeters in diameter.

Apricot fruits ripen in August. The fruits are fleshy, juicy, round or ovoid in shape, about 5 centimeters in diameter, with a velvety skin.

Apricot grows most intensively in the first 5 years of life. And in a year the growth is 70 centimeters. The tree enters fruiting at 4-7 years of age and lasts up to 35-40 years.

Despite the fact that apricot prefers to grow in southern countries, our breeders have bred many large-fruited and frost-resistant varieties.

Here the best varieties apricots intended for the central region of the Russian Federation:

• early ripening (end of July: Iceberg, Alyosha, Lel, Tsarsky)
• medium maturity (first half of August: Aquarius and Countess)
• late ripening (second half of August: Monastyrsky, Favorit)

Quince

Number 8 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Quince is an ancient fruit crop. A small tree similar to a shrub, about 2.5-3 meters high. The trunk diameter is 50 cm. The leaves are large oval dark green.

Quince flowers are also large white or Pink colour. Flowering begins at the end of May. Fruiting begins at 3-4 years of age. Fruit pear-shaped dark yellow color have a pleasant aroma. Ripens at the end of September.

Quince is a thermophilic and light-loving fruit tree, so it is not very suitable for central Russia. It takes root mainly in the southern region with frosts down to -15. But some varieties of quince can withstand up to -35. It requires good watering (read how to water the trees correctly), then it bears fruit well and the fruits do not shrink. The disadvantages also include low resistance to diseases and pests. Read how to deal with them.

Quinces are propagated by cuttings, shoots, layering and grafting. The best varieties of quince are:

• Collective
• Krasnoslobodskaya
• Teplovskaya
• Anzherska

They organize entire gardens of dwarf fruit crops on their site, which, although small in size, yield no less than their taller counterparts.

Description

dwarf fruit trees i are undersized fruit trees grafted onto a dwarf stock. The height of adult dwarf cultures reaches only 2-3 meters. Such dwarfs live from 20 to 30 years, and begin to bear fruit from the third year after planting. They are very demanding on moisture, because their roots lie shallow.

Popular types and varieties

Among the popular dwarf and semi-dwarf fruit varieties, there are dozens popular varieties, which differ in terms of fruit ripening.

apple trees

The most popular rootstock for is the M9 rootstock. It is especially good for industrial gardening. Popular in our area early ripe varieties of low-growing apple trees:

• . Apples of this species have a yellow-green, striped color, firm and juicy flesh. They ripen in August, on average they weigh about 120 grams;
• "Wonderful". Fruiting begins in the fourth year after planting. It is characterized by frost resistance and high productivity. large, yellowish, with red barrels, flattened, round. Taste - honey;
• . Super early variety. Fruiting begins in the second half of July, the yield is high. The fruits are medium in size, juicy with a caramel flavor. Of the shortcomings, frequent defeat can be noted;
• . Less popular dwarf. It bears fruit in three years. The color is pink-yellow, striped. Fruit weight - from 100 grams.

To mid-season, autumn includes the following types:

• "Autumn striped". The fruits are large, weighing up to 200 grams. The color is bright yellow, the taste is sweet and sour. this variety is excellent for storage at low temperatures of cellars and cellars;
• . The most resistant variety to weather conditions and diseases. Gives red-orange fruits in the second half of September. Possesses high commodity characteristics;
• "Sokolovskoye". The variety is high-yielding: one gives 80-90 kilograms of greenish, with a sweet and sour taste with granular flesh. The plant is a natural dwarf.

Did you know? According to the observations of archaeologists, the apple tree is the first tree cultivated by people, the fruits of which were eaten as early as 6500 BC.

Winter, or late-ripening stunted apple trees include varieties:

• . The variety is tolerant of sudden weather changes, but requires increased attention: in order for the apple tree to bear fruit regularly, frequent pruning of branches is necessary. Fruits are elongated, red-yellow, sour;
• "Snowdrop". The fruits have a conical rounded appearance, yellowish color and red barrel, sweet and sour taste. Weight reaches 150 grams.
• "Moscow necklace". The view is quite new, but already quite popular. The fruits are bright red with pinkish flesh and have a sweet and sour taste;
• Grushevka Podmoskovnaya. The tree begins to bear fruit in the sixth year after planting. Differs in rather small fruits of white color. Possesses good safety and productivity.

Also, apple varieties that are no less popular include:

• "Ottawa";
• "Fragrance de Ware";
• "Early Mac";
• Airlie Geneva.

Pears

The most common types of undersized gardeners - medium and late-ripening:

• "Grand Champion". with high yield, the fruits are large, weighing up to 250 grams. The pulp of pears is oily, very juicy and sweet. It is also resistant to frost;
• . Dessert round shape. Fruits are greenish in color. The weight of one pear is 180-200 grams;
• "Parisian". The fruits of winter ripening, taste sweet and sour, rather large. In color - green-yellow, with a protruding redhead.

plums

• "Blue Free". A very winter-hardy miniature species. Differs in precocity. The fruits are inky black and oval in shape.
• "Chachakskaya". Late ripe plum tree. The pulp is creamy, the taste is sweet and sour.
• "The president". The most unpretentious plum tree. Harvest gives quickly, much and qualitatively. It has high commercial characteristics. Oval-shaped fruits, sweet in taste.

Peaches

The maximum height of undersized is about two meters.

• "Sweet Cap" considered the most common. The variety is winter-hardy, very fertile. Fruits with whitish flesh and sweet taste.
• "UFO"- another variety of miniature fig peach. Very resistant to the look. The fruits are extremely sweet, large and juicy. A wonderful option for industrial gardening.

Apricot

• Airlie Red Orange. Superearly undersized variety. large, light orange, with a red side, sweet in taste. The grade is market, possesses high rates of transportability and storage.
• "Hardy". late variety apricots. It is very common in our area due to its endurance of low temperatures and drought. The fruits are large, with an easily separated stone. The skin is thin, the pulp is rich orange color, juicy, sugar-sweet.
• "Crimean Amur". Medium late variety. large and compressed, weighing up to 100 grams. Light orange in color, with a sour taste. Very fragrant.

Did you know?Queen Elizabeth II of England starts her breakfast with two plums grown in own garden at Holyrood Palace. The variety of these plums is called Brompcon.

Benefits of a dwarf garden

All the advantages of dwarf trees for the garden come down to the concept of the convenience of growing such plantings.

Early fruiting

All varieties of dwarf trees have increased productivity, which is very important, especially when gardening is industrial. Also, stable fruiting in dwarf plants is established at the age of 8-10 years, which is much earlier than in ordinary fruit crops.

Ease of maintenance

The height of the plants makes it easy to maintain the garden in good condition: tie up, clean and fertilize. Also, the height of undersized plants greatly simplifies harvesting.

yield

The quantity and quality of fruits in dwarf trees are in no way inferior to an ordinary garden, moreover, they are even higher. This explains more early ripening, and a relatively small expenditure of energy for the growth of the tree itself.

Are there any downsides?

The organization of the dwarf garden is not without its drawbacks.

Initial investment

The cost of purchasing planting material is many times greater than when planting a pair of ordinary trees. Also, dwarf varieties themselves are more expensive than cuttings of simple fruit trees.

Complexity of care

Here the difficulty lies not in the events, they are the same as in an ordinary garden, but in the frequency of their holding. Finding enough time is often difficult.

Lifespan

Low-growing varieties of trees live almost half as long as a regular garden, which means that their fruiting period is shorter.

The need for supports

The shallow occurrence of the roots of undersized species forces the gardener to purchase supports for each tree. It is impossible to predict from what the tree will bend or fall: from the weight of the fruit or from the wind.

How to plant and care for basic rules

Dwarf trees can serve not only for planting in the garden, but also as decoration for the house. Such babies are planted in a tub and can be transferred to open ground at any time.

Landing

The most optimal time for planting fruit crops is autumn. Temperature conditions and a long period before the start

What summer resident does not dream of having such a garden that there are fruits and berries all year round, and minimal care - without frequent pruning, fertilizing, spraying and watering?

To get such an unpretentious garden, you need, first of all, to solve several theoretical problems on the choice of crops, and then move on to practical implementation: plant and ... take care of the garden, landscape, recreation area. And along the way - to harvest the most unpretentious, but very tasty and healthy horticultural crops.

Compiling this list, we were guided by the words of old and experienced gardeners who say: in order to have time in the country for relaxation, you first need to plant such fruit and berry crops that will not require constant care and your attention.

General approaches to creating a garden of unpretentious fruit crops

First of all, you need to make a list and select on the market or in specialized firms seedlings of perennial undemanding crops of well-known and, importantly, well-established varieties in your area.

Easy-care varieties of fruit and berry crops should be:

• zoned, resistant to the weather vagaries of the region, region (temperature changes, spring frosts, fog, etc.),
• cold-resistant, so as not to bother with their shelter for the winter and opening in the spring every year, if you live in the northern regions,
• be distinguished by longevity, so as not to bother yourself with frequent plantings of new crops,
• not requiring many years of crown formation,
• not requiring annual pruning and garter to supports.

The most unpretentious, but very useful and necessary crops for the garden without the hassle

from fruit trees the most unpretentious are: cherry plum, ranetka apple tree, walnut (walnut, Manchurian, black, heart-shaped, hazel, etc.).

From bush- irga, dogwood and sea buckthorn, which can be formed by trees or left in the form of tall shrubs.

The following berry plants practically do not require care and form fairly high environmentally friendly crops: raspberry, black chokeberry, blackberry, sea buckthorn, shadberry.

Thus, a large part of the garden and berry, consisting of the necessary, but unpretentious plants, will free up time for rest and care for more capricious crops and exotics. Of course, the garden for the “lazy” also requires care, but most of it, at the initial stage, when laying it.

Let's take a closer look at fruit crops that require minimal care.

The Ranetka apple tree is a small-fruited apple variety obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree with European varieties and its hybrids. Ranetka is sometimes called a ranet tree.

A certain period of time, in pursuit of exotics and fashionable varieties fruit trees, the ranet tree was undeservedly forgotten. Today, interest in him has returned and more and more summer residents are growing ranetki in their garden. Ranetki are especially popular in the cold regions of the Far East, in the Urals, in Krasnoyarsk, in Altai, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and the Leningrad Region.

In the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, the CIS and others, acquaintance with the lovely "inch" is just beginning, although today breeders have introduced more than 100 varieties and hybrids into the culture.

Ranetki are leading among unpretentious garden crops in their attitude to winter weather disasters, low temperatures, and care.

Ranetki features

The main feature that distinguishes the ranet apple tree in the family is small fruit (the fruit has a mass of 10-15 g). Through the efforts of breeders, the "ranetka" variety was obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree (the second name is the berry apple tree) or its hybrids with European large-fruited varieties or hybrids (Chinese).

The best qualities of the wild Siberian apple tree, which can withstand frosts down to -55°C, were transferred to Ranetka and assigned to the rest of the varieties and hybrids.

The varieties of ranetki obtained as a result of hybridization have high winter hardiness and tolerate frosts of -45 ..-47 ° С. When breeding, they are distinguished by precocity, annual high yields, resistance to diseases and pests. And also: an unusual taste of ranetki jams, jams, dried lozenges, juices, almost no summer worries. Ranetka is a wonderful unpretentious culture and garden decoration!

Useful properties and use of ranetok

Ranetki are exceptionally rich in biologically active substances, necessary for a person during the long northern cold months. The content of solids is almost 24%, glucose and fructose - 12%, up to 2% of pectin substances that contribute to the gelling of fruit juices. Pectins enhance the excretion of heavy metals from the human body, stop bleeding, accelerate the healing of stomach ulcers, and have antimicrobial properties.

The fruits of ranetki are used in fresh and for processing. From whole fruits of ranet trees, excellent jams, compotes, and dried fruits are obtained. Ranetki are used as rootstocks when obtaining low-stem crops.

Landing ranetki

When planting a seedling, a runetki fertilizer can not be applied, but it is necessary to provide sufficient area for growth and development. The distance between vigorous varieties of ranetok is determined by an area of ​​​​3.5-4x3.5-4 m and even more. A smaller area, within 3x2 m, is occupied by varieties on dwarf rootstocks.

Ranetka care

During the growing season, ranetki practically do not require care. In prolonged dry weather, you can water and (if desired) fertilize with 30-50 g nitrophoska / tree.

Any location for a ranetka is suitable, even with shading.

Ranetki propagation is carried out by grafted seedlings.

Varieties of ranetok for summer cottage cultivation

When choosing ranetki varieties, pay attention to Siberian souvenir, Zolotodolinsky, Kulunda, Isaev's memory. Ranetki varieties are distinguished by high winter hardiness. yellow longleg, Tuvinka, Siberian Bagryanka, Gentle Transbaikal, Dobrynya, Ranetka Canning, Titovka hybrid.

At your disposal are more than 100 varieties of ranetki, which are distinguished by exceptionally high winter hardiness.

2. Cherry plum

Cherry plum, or Plum splayed, is one of the initial forms when the home plum appears.

Transcaucasia and Front (South-West) Asia are considered to be the birthplace of wild cherry plum. Cherry plum began to be domesticated around the 10th-13th centuries. Over time, the distribution area reached the countries of Western Europe and Asia. Currently, cherry plum is cultivated in regions with a suitable climate in Asia Minor and Central Asia, in the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova, Primorye, and Ukraine.

Cherry plums are successfully grown in gardens and dachas in the northern regions of Asian Russia. Cherry plum is practically not damaged during prolonged cold weather in the Moscow region, the Central and North-Western regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European part of the continent.

In order to guarantee the harvest of a ripe fruit crop, they mainly grow early varieties of cherry plum.

Cherry plum features

Cherry plum is one of the ancestors of the domestic plum. It differs from real plums in smaller fruits and high acidity. For this feature, cherry plum, for example, is used instead of vinegar for winter harvesting. The culture is very unpretentious and quickly takes root in any conditions. It doesn't care about the type of soil. The culture is drought- and frost-resistant. Varieties obtained by crossing cherry plum with thorns have advanced the culture to the northern regions of not only Russia, but also European countries, where zoned varieties can withstand frosts down to -32 ..-36 ° С without loss.

Useful properties and use of cherry plum

Cherry plum is a fruit crop with a high content of sugars, organic acids, carotene, and vitamins in fruits. It is used as a fresh product and for canning in the form of compotes, juices, marmalade, jelly, marshmallows, marmalade and even slivyanka (an alcoholic drink).

Cherry plum seedlings from seeds are used as a stock for apricot, peach, and varietal plum.

Planting cherry plum

Certain troubles are caused only by planting cherry plum seedlings. Soils suitable for cherry plum are different, but neutral in pH. Therefore, acidic soils are neutralized with chalk, and gypsum is added to alkaline soils during planting.

Cherry plum roots do not tolerate flooding, therefore better seedlings place on a hill, and with a close occurrence of groundwater, arrange good drainage or land on an artificial hill. When planting, the root neck of the cherry plum should be located above the soil level. Up to 2 buckets of water are poured into the planting pit, and the planting is mulched with a thick layer of straw, high-moor peat, compost, humus, and fine cutting of dry herbs.

Cherry plum care

Cherry plum forms sufficient yields even without care. The culture is practically not damaged by pests, it rarely gets sick. In drought, cherry plum does not drop the ovary.

Naturally, the usual work with cherry plum during the warm season will still need to be done (destroy weeds, water during a long drought, carry out sanitary pruning, do not forget to harvest on time, etc.).

For better pollination in the garden, it is better to plant 2-3 trees of different varieties of cherry plum. In order not to take up extra space for the garden, it is more practical to choose varieties on a dwarf stock.

Cherry plum is propagated by seeds, its seedlings are used as rootstocks, and also by grafting, like other horticultural crops. It is easy to propagate by layering.

Varieties of cherry plum for growing in the country

Cultivated varieties created by breeders make it possible to grow cherry plum in regions with a fairly cold climate. Breeding techniques have significantly improved the quality of the fruit, but its characteristic sweet and sour taste has not yet been removed.

Early varieties of cherry plum: marquee, Gold of the Scythians, Gift to St. Petersburg, Nesmeyana, Monomakh etc. The fruits ripen in the third decade of July - the first decade of August.

Medium varieties of cherry plum: Sarmatka, apricot, Kuban comet, peach, Carmine Zhukova, Chuk and others. Ripens in the first half of August.

Late varieties of cherry plum: Cleopatra, Huck, Beauty of the Oryol region. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August - the first half of September. Note! In cool summer conditions, these varieties do not always have time to ripen.

Of the proposed varieties of cherry plum, they have increased winter hardiness, low growth (2.5-3.0 m), easy (and not very easy) separation of the stone from the pulp in the following: Cleopatra, Kuban Comet, Zlato Scythov. They withstand the climate of central Russia well.

The cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa is self-fertile, does not require pollinators, it is zoned for the North-Western and Central Black Earth regions.

3. Irga

Irga or Korinka, like the apple tree and cherry plum, belongs to the pink family. As a fruit plant, irga has been known in Europe since the 16th century. At first, irgu was cultivated in England, then in Holland. The berries were used to make wine reminiscent of Cahors.

The distribution area of ​​the irgi extends over all regions. Western Europe. With success, irga is grown by amateur gardeners in Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

In Russia, the round-leaved irga is mainly distributed, which initially grew in the Crimea and the Caucasus, and then began to quickly gain popularity in the southern, central and northern regions of the Russian Federation almost everywhere except the Arctic.

Easily tolerates frosts of -40..-50°C, and during the flowering of shadberry, short frosts of -5..-7°C do not harm the flowers at all.

Irgi features

Irga refers to unpretentious garden crops. It easily tolerates drought and frost, does not require watering, is not affected by pests and diseases, annually forms high yields of sweet to cloying fruits.

The unpretentiousness of the irgi is associated with its biological characteristics. The root system of the shadberry occupies an area in the soil much larger than the aerial part and provides the plant with sufficient moisture and nutrients. Irga is responsive to fertilizing and watering, but she can take care of herself on her own.

Irga easily tolerates shearing, shading, high air pollution, strong wind, can be used as living fence site. Irga is distinguished by its longevity (bushes live up to 70 years), and rapid growth.

Useful properties and application of irgi

Irga is distinguished by a high content of sugars in fruits (up to 12%), organic acids, including ascorbic acid - up to 40%, vitamins. The nutritional and medicinal value of the culture determined its location in the hierarchy of useful berries. high healing effect have decoctions and tinctures from the leaves of shadberry, flowers, fruits, bark, both fresh and dried. Home medicines increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent varicose veins, and lower blood pressure. Decoctions are used for sore throats, disorders and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Juices, jelly, jams, compotes, wine are prepared from berries of shadberry, they are consumed fresh in summer.

Landing irgi

Irga belongs to early crops, and after planting in a permanent place, it forms a crop for 3-4 years. Best time planting irgi - autumn. Planting and care are the same as for other fruit-bearing shrubs.

Irgi reproduction

Irgu is propagated by seed and vegetative methods. Seedlings obtained from seeds are used as dwarf rootstocks for pears and apple trees.

Vegetatively, irgu is propagated by root growth, division of the bush, cuttings (green cuttings are used).

Irgi varieties for growing in the country

For regions with severe frosts, varieties of shadberry of Canadian selection are suitable, which can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C: Regent, Altaglow, pembina, Slate, Strata, parkhill. In varieties of irgi bluemun and bluesun in separate, especially cold winters with prolonged frosts of -37 ..-38 ° C, the tips of the shoots freeze slightly, which quickly recover after pruning.

In the southern regions, conditions of middle and central band Russia and other regions of the CIS with the same climate, irgi varieties grow and bear fruit magnificently bluesun, pembina, mendan, Slate, bluemun, Surprise. Some gardeners successfully grow these varieties of shadberry and to the north.

4. Dogwood

Dogwood in the wild is common in the Crimea, Transcarpathia, Moldova, and the Caucasus. Translated into Russian, dogwood means "red" for the scarlet color of fruits saturated with anthocyanins.

The homeland of dogwood is Western Asia, where, in the wild, shrubs occupy significant areas of undergrowth and edges of mountain forests. The onset of very early flowering is typical for dogwood plants - March-April, as soon as daytime temperatures exceed +6 .. + 10 ° С. The growing season of dogwood is long - up to 120 days or more.

Currently, the plant is cultivated in Asia Minor, Southern and Eastern Europe, France, Italy, Japan, China, North America.

Dogwood occupies significant areas in Ukraine and Moldova. It occurs in many regions of Russia with an average winter temperature in the range of -30 ..-35 ° C, common in middle lane European and Asian parts of Russia.

dogwood features

Dogwood in natural conditions formed by a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub. Maintenance-free shrubs and dogwood trees grow in one place for up to 100 years. Drought tolerant and does not require watering even during long dry periods. Diseases and pests do not affect dogwood.

Highly early flowering- a clear decoration in places of distribution of unpretentious dogwood thickets that can withstand frosts down to -30 ..-35 ° С. Dogwood - a good honey plant that does not require complex care, will be a clear help for beekeeping lovers. When the above-ground mass freezes, the dogwood quickly restores the crown from the root shoots.

The fruits of all types of dogwood - drupes, ripening from August to October, have a tart, astringent, sweet and sour taste with a pleasant refreshing aroma. The beauty and elegance of autumn colors dogwood shrubs attract landscape designers who use culture in solitary plantings, hedges.

Useful properties of dogwood

According to the composition of useful substances, especially vitamins, dogwood is superior to mountain ash, lemon and gooseberry. AT traditional medicine dogwood fruits and leaves are used for gastrointestinal diseases, colds, inflammation of hemorrhoidal cones. Normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis. Good phytoncide. Dogwood is also widely used in the food industry.

Dogwood planting and care

Planting and care are common, as for all shrub crops. Given that root system young plants are shallow (up to 40-50 cm), in the first years the dogwood needs maintenance watering. With age, the need for them disappears.

Dogwood successfully tolerates transplants. Fruiting begins at 5-6 years. To speed it up, the conditions for providing nutrients and moisture are tightened in the second half of the growing season.

dogwood breeding

Dogwood is propagated by seeds, root offspring, grafting, cuttings, layering. With seed propagation, the first crop is formed for 5-6 years and is mainly used to obtain a large amount of planting material for landscape design. At vegetative reproduction the first crop of dogwood is harvested for 2-3 years.

Dogwood varieties for growing in the country

For cultivation in the country, dogwood varieties have been bred that form large fruits, and of different colors (multi-color, white, blue, blue-violet, bright red).

• Vladimirsky(fruits are red, black-red),
• Vydubetsky(fruits are dark red oval-pear-shaped),
• Grenadier(fruits are red-black oval-cylindrical),
• Evgenia, Elena(fruits are bright red, almost black, oval-shaped),
• Coral(fruits are pink, yellow, pink-orange, red, wide round),
• Alba(fruits are white)
• Nikolka(very early, red-black fruits),
• Gentle(fruits are yellow, pear-shaped)

and others.

5. Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn under natural conditions is represented by a dioecious shrub or trees of medium height. Sea buckthorn belongs to plants whose medicinal properties used by healers in ancient Greece.

Sea buckthorn occupies vast areas in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Pakistan and India, the Caucasus, and Europe. In Russia it grows in the European part, in the Asian its thickets occupy significant areas in Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. A lot of sea buckthorn in the North Caucasus. Sea buckthorn grows mainly on floodplain soils of rivers and along the shores of lakes, where there is enough moisture and sun. Use the fruits of sea buckthorn as a food product, medicinal and livestock feed.

Features of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is able to endure frosts down to -45°C, which makes it possible to grow it in the coldest regions. Wide use received due to the high value of the fruits from which sea buckthorn oil is obtained, used in medicinal purposes.

Sea buckthorn blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August - September. Refers to early. The first crop can be harvested already in the 3rd year of growth and development.

Useful properties and use of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a multivitamin culture with a high content of vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, tannins, and fatty oils.

Sea buckthorn fatty oils with unsaturated and saturated fatty acids are used for medicinal purposes in the official pharmacopoeia. From the leaves and bark of sea buckthorn, decoctions and infusions are prepared, which are used in folk medicine to treat many diseases.

Jelly, juices, homemade liqueurs are prepared from the fruits. Leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn are used for tanning and dyeing leather, as well as fabrics in yellow and black. The powerful root system of sea buckthorn fixes ravine slopes, landslides, and road slopes well.

Sea buckthorn is a very unpretentious culture, and its only disadvantage is the rapid reproduction of root offspring.

Planting and caring for sea buckthorn

Seedlings and seedlings of sea buckthorn are usually planted in spring or autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. The rest of the care is normal, as for shadberry, dogwood and other shrubs.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, which must necessarily undergo stratification, and vegetatively - by root shoots, cuttings.

Varieties of sea buckthorn for growing in the country.

Breeders have bred more than 40 varieties of sea buckthorn, including large-fruited ones: openwork, pearl, Augustine. Given that sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop, male pollinating varieties have been bred Dwarf and Alley.

For regions with unfavorable conditions (long-term frosts above -38..-40°C), we can recommend sea buckthorn varieties: Darling, Nugget, Inya, Altai, Giant.

For the middle lane - Elizabeth, orange, Fragrant.

6. Raspberry

Raspberries can also be attributed to unpretentious garden crops. With minimal care (planted, watered, harvested, cut off in the fall), this shrub continues to please not very cheerful owners. In the wild, raspberries grow everywhere from the southern outskirts of the European part of the CIS and western countries to cold Siberia in Eurasia.

Raspberry belongs to crops with a broken distribution area, which historically led to different types plants of this family. But each type of raspberry, having botanical differences, in general, gives a lot of pleasure as a valuable product and an indispensable medicine for colds.

In natural nature, raspberries take raw shady places, forest edges, ravines, but still prefers fertile soils. In dachas, raspberries can be placed in an inconvenient place, where, having fit into the general landscape, for many years it will supply the owners with tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberry Features

Unlike frost-resistant crops, raspberries do not tolerate severe frosts, love snow shelters, but are quickly restored by root offspring. Raspberries are good for unpretentiousness in care and form crops, being generally abandoned.

Useful properties and application of raspberries

Raspberries are widely used in folk medicine for all colds. But official medicine recommends using only ordinary raspberries for the preparation of medicinal decoctions and tinctures. Its varieties should be bred in your rational garden.

Raspberry fruits and leaves are rich in organic acids, a wide range of vitamins and minerals, sugars. They are used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial agent. A decoction of the roots is a good anti-allergic agent. A decoction of flowers is drunk for neuroses.

Fresh, frozen and dry raspberries are widely used in cooking. Drinks, jams, juices, wine are prepared from fresh berries.

Raspberry Care

The most unpleasant property of raspberry bushes is crawling to new habitats. Over time, raspberries can take up the entire small area.

Experienced gardeners recommend planting raspberries in trenches, enclosing the latter with waste slate and other materials to the depth of the bulk of the roots. Regulate raspberry growth in trenches autumn pruning. Another tip: plant raspberries with garlic, then garden bed will be released for other crops, and raspberries prefer not to grow beyond garlic.

During the growing season (especially in dry weather) raspberries need to be watered, but during the hot summer it is still a pleasant concern.

In the summer cottage, it is best to propagate raspberries by dividing the bush and root offspring.

Raspberry varieties for growing in the country

Early varieties of raspberries: early dawn, abundant, Giant, Cascade, Michurinskaya. Variety Yellow Giant or simply Giant- the best for the conditions of the North-West regions. Very convenient for unpretentious garden is an early raspberry variety Mirage. Fruits all summer. On the unfavourable conditions weather practically does not react. All care is spring pruning by 15-25 cm and loosening of bushes, which can be combined with top dressing.

Medium raspberries: Arbat, Pride of Russia, Cleopatra, Kirzhach, Maroseyka, Siberian girl, Golden Giant yellow-fruited.

Late raspberry varieties: Samara dense, Companion, Peresvet, Stolichnaya, Mirage. These varieties are great for winter harvesting.

Experienced gardeners often do not choose varieties by maturity, but use varieties remontant raspberry, which manages to provide a harvest for everyone. For gardeners who prefer minimal crop care, the following remontant varieties can be considered a priority - Bryansk wonder, Hercules, apricot, Atlant, Gold autumn , ruby necklace, Indian summer, Eurasia, Polka.

Most suitable variety raspberries for all regions, including the Moscow region, where the climate can change dramatically during the year, is Hercules. The variety multiplies rapidly, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases. Not picky about conditions environment and care during the growing season. Pay attention to the raspberry variety Polka. Fruiting from July to November. Suitable for all regions, including the northern ones.

7. Aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry, or chokeberry is distinguished by exceptional unpretentiousness. Aronia is one of the few horticultural crops that has anti-allergic properties and is widely used not only in folk, but also in official medicine.

The eastern part of North America is considered the homeland of the chokeberry. Aronia came from America to Europe in the 18th century, and then found its niche in the lands of Russia. The founder of northern gardening I.V. Michurin recommended chokeberry for northern fruit growing.

Aronia chokeberry successfully grows and bears fruit in all regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. The high winter hardiness of chokeberry contributed to the successful growth not only in the southern, but also in the more northern regions of Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals, near St. Petersburg.

Features of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry belongs to the group of low trees or shrubs (2-4 m tall). At a young age, the culture has a compact crown. With age, the crown becomes spreading, which should be considered when planting.

For rational gardens, chokeberry is an indispensable crop. It is distinguished by rapid growth, precocity, an exceptionally high content of nutrients for the human body. When choosing a place for planting chokeberry, you need to take into account that it does not tolerate saline and waterlogged soils, rocky soils. Grows normally on sandy soils, not enough fertile soils and acid. Groundwater is not a hindrance for planting, as the roots of chokeberry go deep into the soil by 0.5-0.7 m. It is undemanding to care.

Aronia chokeberry blooms from the second half of May to mid-June. Ripens in August, September depending on the growing region. Ripe fruits are black in color with a tart taste, slightly astringent with a pleasant sourness. To form a high yield, chokeberry needs good lighting (this must be taken into account when choosing a planting site).

By autumn, chokeberry leaves acquire red-purple and very elegant tones. Landscape designers classify culture as decorative and use it in the decoration of parks and other places of public recreation.

Useful properties and application of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry fruits include a huge list of useful substances, including vitamins of group B, PP, E, which contribute to the rejuvenation of the body. The high content of microelements, pectins, tannins, sugars, organic acids, sorbitol (cyclic alcohols) strengthens blood vessels, improves the formation and outflow of bile, removes heavy metals from the body, is used as an antiallergic agent, helps with measles, scarlet fever and other diseases. Preparations from the fruits of aronia chokeberry are used for capillary toxicosis, allergic vasculitis, eczema. Jam, jam, candied fruits, wine, compotes, juices are prepared from the fruits of chokeberry.

Planting aronia chokeberry

Planting seedlings and grafted seedlings of chokeberry in a permanent place can be carried out in spring before bud break and in autumn, depending on the region. landing process and preparatory work the same as for other fruit crops.

Aronia Care

Young plants need watering and loosening, responsive to top dressing. In the absence of care, they continue to grow and multiply normally.

Aronia chokeberry has one unpleasant drawback: it needs annual destruction of root suckers Otherwise, it can capture large areas.

Reproduction of aronia chokeberry

Aronia refers to self-pollinated crops. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds need stratification before sowing, so they are sown in the fall, embedding 1.0-1.5 cm into the soil. Seedlings appear in May. Aronia chokeberry is propagated by seeds as an ornamental crop to obtain a large amount of planting material.

For reproduction in the country, layering, dividing the bush, cuttings, and vaccinations are used, which ensure the precocity of the culture. Already in the 3rd year, you can take the first test crop of chokeberry. Aronia chokeberry fruits are harvested in their biological ripeness.

Aronia chokeberry varieties for growing in the country

Many breeders work on the selection of aronia chokeberry foreign countries. They offer varieties with high quality indicators: viking, aron, Hakkiya, Dabrowice, Kutna and others.

Of the varieties bred by Russian breeders, the most famous variety Aronia Michurina, which is named after the creator.

Breeders have proposed varieties of chokeberry that have a hybrid origin, which are successfully grown in the gardens of the southern and northern regions - Nero, black-eyed, Rubina, Altai Large-fruited, Grandiolia, estland etc. It should be noted that outwardly all varieties are extremely similar and differ mainly in taste.

Blackberry is known in Russia under two names: gray blackberry and bushy blackberry (or common). The bluish blackberry is also called dewberry or sundew, and bushy - kumanika.

About 200 species of blackberries occupy vast areas in Eurasia and North America, which is considered the birthplace of the origin of this crop. 52 species are distributed in the Russian Federation. Abundant thickets of wild blackberries are found in the Caucasus, in the Urals, in Altai. Sweet berries and vegetative parts of blackberries have long been used by humans for fresh food and medicinal drinks. But only in the 19th century did the first varieties appear for the cultivation of blackberries cultivated as an agricultural crop.

Blackberry features

Blackberry belongs to the group of shrub plants with a height of 1.0 to 3.0 meters. Plants are unpretentious to care and in any conditions form fragrant fruit crops. Blackberry fruits, depending on the variety, have a different color: yellow, black, red. The fruits are shiny or slightly bluish.

The underground part of the blackberry consists of the main rhizome and adventitious roots, extending into the depth of the soil by 0.5-1.5 meters. The roots occupy an area around the bush up to 2-3 meters, form a dense root growth. Blackberries are drought-resistant plants, thanks to their roots that penetrate deep into the soil.

Cultivated varieties allow you to grow blackberries in middle zone and beyond at winter temperatures down to -25..-28°С.

According to the formation of the above-ground mass, blackberries are divided into 2 types: creeping (dewberry) and upright (bramble). In creeping blackberries, the fruits are larger and more juicy than in erect ones. Its shoots are bent by an arc and, having reached the soil, take root with the tops. Kumaniki do not have this feature. Perennial wood in blackberries does not form and, after fruiting, its stems die off. They are cut in the fall. This feature allows you to grow blackberries without winter shelters, even in regions with severe frosts.

Useful properties of blackberries

The fruits of blackberries contain vitamins of group "B", vitamins "P", "C", "E", provitamin "A", as well as a hematopoietic complex of microelements (molybdenum, tungsten, copper, manganese). Recommended for use in anemia. The leaves contain flavonoids and inositol. The content of useful substances in the fruits, flowers and leaves of blackberries is used in the treatment of anemia, colds, to improve memory, the functioning of coronary vessels, etc. Blackberries are used fresh or prepared compotes, juices, jams.

Planting and caring for blackberries

Blackberry grows on any soil, but prefers medium loamy, fertile, without close occurrence of groundwater. Planting rooted seedlings is carried out in the same way as raspberries.

Planting and caring for blackberries are similar to raspberries. When planting thornless varieties, winter shelter is necessary due to their low winter hardiness.

Blackberry propagation

Blackberries are propagated in dachas and house garden and berry plantings in a vegetative way - cuttings, layering, tops of shoots.

The tip is usually propagated by creeping forms of blackberries. In July, the tops of the shoots are carefully tilted and fixed with a V-shaped wooden pin in a 10-15 cm depression in the soil with the top up. Leave the tip of a branch with 2-3 leaves above the soil. The soil is kept constantly moist. Biological preparations are added to the water for irrigation: root, planriz, which contribute to the rapid growth of roots.

In autumn, the rooted tops of blackberries are covered with mulch from freezing. From the mother plant is separated the next year, sometimes after 2 years.

To get more planting material, a young blackberry shoot with swollen buds is pinned. in early spring. When buds open, they form side shoots. As soon as they grow up to 10-15 cm, they are also pinned and covered with soil. By autumn, rooted blackberry seedlings are obtained, which are separated from the mother plant the next year and planted in a permanent place.

Blackberry varieties for growing in the country

In the country it is more expedient to grow hybrid varieties blackberries. They differ in productivity, exquisite taste, frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. The most famous remontant blackberry variety Ruben with good frost resistance.

Gardeners' favorite - thornless blackberry variety Waldo with early ripening berries. It develops well and bears fruit in thickened plantings. Of other thornless varieties with early fruit ripening, we can recommend Loch Mary, loch tay.

The hybrid varieties of raspberries with blackberries are widely used by blackberry lovers: El Dorado, Erie, Old Brighton, Loganberry.

Unique hybrid Chief Joseph, forming bright black berries up to 40 g in weight.

Ezhemalina Taybury(blackberry-raspberry hybrid) forms dark red fruits up to 5 cm long.

When choosing a blackberry variety for growing in the country, it is necessary to purchase zoned varieties that will need less shelter and other unforeseen care during the growing season and during wintering.

9. Walnut

Walnut comes from Central Asia. Known under Russian names - Greek walnut, Volosh walnut, Royal walnut. For its valuable nutritional qualities, it is called the tree of life, the food of heroes.

In the wild, the walnut occupies a significant area of ​​countries with a warm and hot climate. Currently growing in Russia in the Caucasus, in the south of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova. Breeders promote culture in the middle lane and the northern regions of Russia, the CIS, and Europe. Today, walnuts are harvested near St. Petersburg, in the Moscow region, Vyazma, and the Tula region.

In addition to walnuts, in such a rational garden in central Russia, ripened crops of Manchurian, black, heart-shaped nuts are harvested, which are able to withstand frosts of -40 ..-50 ° С.

walnut features

Walnut is a large tree, up to 25 m high, with a spreading crown. It is a southern plant and tolerates southern climates and southern winters well. At present, the culture is advanced to the north. Separate varieties of walnuts (grade "Ideal") are able to withstand frost, and at -32 ..-36 ° C keep buds and wood alive. However, during prolonged frosts of -25..-28°C, the walnut may still freeze.

Walnut loves bright places with constant sunlight. Does not tolerate dense plantings, close-lying groundwater. It develops poorly on compacted and waterlogged soil. The best soils for walnuts are carbonate loams and light fertile soils.

Walnuts ripen in September-October. In mature nuts, the pericarp bursts into several pieces and is separated from the stone.

Useful properties and application of walnut

Walnuts are grown for their edible kernels, which contain a wide range of nutrients, including essential oil, which gives a special smell to walnut gardens and individual plantings.

Walnut fatty oil determines the high value of walnut kernels as a food and medicinal product.

Walnut fruits are a very valuable food product. Useful substances of fruits and nut leaves are used in folk treatment many diseases: gastrointestinal tract, gynecological, kidney, Bladder, tonsillitis, beriberi, atherosclerosis.

Planting and caring for walnuts

Planting and care are common for grafted and self-rooted seedlings (i.e. seedlings obtained by rooting cuttings or from root shoots). Walnut does not require special crown formation, constant fertilizing and watering. Subject to spatial isolation, the walnut practically does not get sick and is not damaged by pests. It is considered an unpretentious plant, especially for southern regions.

Reproduction of a walnut

The walnut propagates by seed and vegetatively. The powerful development of the tap root system in the first year of life is characteristic, reaching a depth of 4 m over time, which makes it easy to endure dry periods and not require irrigation.

It is more practical to propagate walnuts vegetatively, including stumps. Overgrown plants for 2-3 years form the first crop.

With seed propagation of walnut, the formation of the crop begins from 8-10-12 years. AT favorable conditions plants can live in one place up to 300-400 years.

Walnut varieties for growing in the country

For the southern regions, the most popular are: an early variety of walnut Dessert, Elegant, mid-season Aurora. Good harvests form early maturing walnut varieties abundant and fruitful.

The varieties of Moldova and Ukraine are overwhelmingly frost-resistant, but are nevertheless intended for southern regions with mild winters: Moldavian, Codrene, Chisinau, Briceni, Carpathian and etc.

At present, breeders have bred a number of walnut varieties for the conditions of the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation. For these regions, early varieties are recommended. Dawn of the East, Breeder, Baikonur, Pinsky.

Interesting variety of walnut Ideal, which forms 2 crops in one growing season and is one of the most frost-resistant varieties, and a walnut variety Giant, the properties of which make it possible to cultivate a crop throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

For cottage cultivation it is better to use early-ripening varieties of walnuts, which form a crop for 2-3-4 years. Early maturing varieties include Aurora, Breeder, Dawn of the East, Pinsky, state farm, Five-Year Plan, Beloved Petrosyan.

When arranging your garden, it is important not only to plant the plants that you like, but also to take into account the fact that not all types of trees can become good neighbors for each other, as well as how the best way arrange trees on the site.

There are a number of important factors to consider when organizing your garden area. Each tree requires a certain area for its development. If you plan to arrange beds with vegetables in addition to trees, then it is better to first choose a place for them.

Trees should not be planted near the beds, but this perfect place for a variety of shrubs that will not interfere with the growth of vegetables.

How to start gardening

It is better to place fruit and berry trees away from the beds and closer to the bushes, because for the latter the shadows falling on them will not create much inconvenience. Between the trees distance should not be less than five meters, and between bushes - at least one and a half meters.

The distance from a nearby building to a tree should also be less than four meters, because otherwise the roots can destroy the foundation of the house, which will prevent their development. If we talk about shrubs, then they should be located two meters from the buildings.

In the event that your plot is small, you can plant trees related to colonial. The distance between them can be much less, but it should be taken into account that a large number of harvest from them will not work.

To begin with, you should carefully consider which tree and where it will be located. Desirable fertilize soil, enclose the area with a fence that will hold back wind gusts and check the site for groundwater that will interfere with the development of your plants.

When planting trees, pay attention to the degree illumination selected location, because each of them needs a different amount of sunlight.

For example, to shrubs and trees that not desirable placed in the shade, include pear, quince, apricot, sea buckthorn, peach, mountain ash, plum and cherry. Other species can develop without any problems in places where the amount of sunlight is limited.

An excellent place for a shrub would be an area in the shade of tall trees, as many of them prefer dark areas. They will also feel great near a fence or near buildings. But do not place them too close to each other, as this will become a problem for their growth.

Plants that comfortable feel even out of reach of sunlight, are the following trees and shrubs:

It is also necessary to take into account climatic conditions of the territory, because many fruit and berry trees and shrubs will not be able to develop and bring high-quality and big harvest in weather conditions that do not suit their preferences.

What can be planted nearby, and what is strictly prohibited?

Often people neglect such an important factor as incompatibility some plants. Some trees and shrubs simply cannot get along in close proximity and will not bring anything but unnecessary trouble.

A striking example is Walnut, incompatible with any other plant, because it has a very dense crown, which does not miss almost any sunbeam, and a powerful system of roots that suck out all the useful trace elements from the soil. You will need to sacrifice as many as eighteen meters to plant this plant.

You should carefully study the list below so as not to make mistakes, the correction of which will take a lot of time:

1. Cherry is especially capricious. You should not place an apricot, pear, plum, peach tree and hawthorn next to it.
2. Do not plant raspberries in the shade of an apple or pear tree.
3. The apple tree, in turn, will not be able to get along next to cherries, raspberries, cherry plums, peach tree, barberry and apricot.
4. Pear does not develop very well near cherry plum, sweet cherry, raspberry, barberry, cherry and plum.

The question arises: which cultures can wonderful get along with each other?

Fruit trees and shrubs

Sometimes you want to decorate your garden with new and better unusual trees and shrubs, in comparison with apple and currant. But planting non-traditional plants for our country requires the study of many things in order to obtain a high-quality result.

The article presents a description of exotic trees and shrubs, which, when proper care, will become not only wonderful decorations for your garden and a reason for pride, but will also give many fruits.

Only a few summer residents and gardeners manage to grow this tree on their site, because it was born under the hot rays of the sun in the south, and therefore, its development requires certain climatic conditions. Only a small number of varieties of this tree can adapt to our frosts and produce ripe and tasty fruits in the weather conditions of our country. Their names are given in the following list:

• Countess;
• Aquarius;
• Alyosha;
• Northern;
• Lel;
• Triumph.

Therefore, when planting an apricot, it is necessary to pay maximum attention to the place where it will grow. The ideal solution there will be an area on the south or southwest side of your site, which will be carefully protected from gusts of wind. In order for a tree to be strong and strong, you should protect it from cold, dampness and drafts.

It is also advisable to prepare the soil before planting it. For this, sand, clay and peat, dolomite flour and compost are mixed. The desired time for planting apricots is the end of April. They dig a hole for planting, the size of which is seventy by seventy centimeters.

It is important to know that groundwater, as mentioned earlier, creates many problems for growing many plants, and apricot is no exception.

If you would like to plant it, despite the presence of groundwater, then you should follow some rules. The seedling is placed in a mound, the height of which will be about a meter, and the radius is about four to six meters. The advantage of such a landing is that it gives protection from excessive moisture during snowmelt.

The fruits of this tree are sensational Goji berries, which, if they do not help to cope with excess weight, will in any case benefit your body.

The undoubted advantage of this plant is its frost resistance. Dereza tolerates temperatures down to minus fifteen degrees. However, if the winters in your area are colder, then in order to preserve the bush, it is recommended to keep it in containers that will be removed during the cold season, for example, in the basement.

If the climatic conditions are warm, then you can safely plant Chinese dereza already in autumn. The tree is not picky and the characteristics of the soil do not play big role, however, it is preferable to choose a location on the south or southwest side of your site.

The landing pit for Chinese wolfberry should be forty by fifty centimeters in size. Seedlings should be placed at a distance of two meters from each other. When choosing fertilizers, preference should be given to humus, peat, superphosphate and wood ash. If you are planting wolfberry in containers, it is important to know that it will require much more watering than if it grows in the ground.

In pollinators for dereza, they are not needed, but it is worth considering that when planting not one, but several shrubs at once, productivity will rise noticeably. Chinese dereza will not only bring useful fruits, but will also become an ornament for your garden, because it blooms almost throughout the season.

Multi-flowered moss (gumi)

The shrub itself is very beautiful during flowering, and its fruits have a peculiar, but very pleasant taste.

The selection of a place for this variety is made likewise with apricot. Planting takes place at the end of April. It is not necessary to have several shrubs nearby at once, because its flowers are bisexual, but for best results, it is still recommended to plant about three plants of this variety.

The fruits appear on old shoots. therefore, the shrub requires shelter for the cold season. It is important to get rid of frozen and damaged shoots. The undoubted advantage of gumi is its help in enriching the soil with nitrogen and attracting bees.

Duke

This variety with an interesting name was obtained by crossbreeding cherries and cherries. Its fruits are not as sweet as those of cherries, but have a slight sourness. Duke does not tolerate frost particularly well, but there are a number of varieties that are preferable to plant in the middle lane.

• Miracle Cherry;
• Beautiful Veniaminova;
• Night-1;
• Night-2;
• Spartan;
• Ivanovna;
• Beauty of the North.

Necessarily location next to the Duke of cherries, which will serve pollinator for him. These are such varieties as Tyutchevka, Red dense, Iput.

The place for the duke must be very warm and sunny, with no groundwater. There are no subtleties in planting this variety, it is planted in the same way with its progenitors: cherries and cherries. When deciding to decorate your garden with a duke, you should take into account that you will not be able to get a crop if the winter is especially cold.

This variety got its name for the fruits, which outwardly are very similar to strawberries. It is imperative to limit the rhizome when planting this shrub, as it grows especially rapidly. To do this, you can simply dig slate along the length and width of the pit. If this is not done, then in a few years the garden will overgrow in strawberry raspberries.

Keep in mind that harvesting without any difficulties will not work, because there are a huge number of thorns. That is why most gardeners plant this variety as hedge, which is an excellent solution due to the long and beautiful flowering raspberries.

The flowering of dogwood is an incredibly beautiful sight. Its bright little flowers appear faster than the leaves, and you can enjoy them for about three weeks. It is not necessary to plant dogwood in a bright area, because the shade will not create problems for its development. The advantage is that only young dogwood should be covered for the cold season.

Dogwood planting is carried out either in April or in autumn, from September to October. The size of the landing pit is eighty by eighty centimeters. Despite the fact that the growth of the tree is slow, it is absolutely not whimsical and has a number of benefits although not as popular.

Learning all the above rules and subtleties will help you create your own unique and ideal garden with fruit and berry trees and shrubs that will please the eye and bring a good harvest!

The fruits of cultivated plants, of course, are a very valuable food product. Eating them brings great benefits to the human body. In addition to all kinds of vitamins and microelements, the fruits of horticultural crops contain organic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, etc. Not only fresh apples, pears and plums are of great nutritional value. No less useful for health are various kinds of winter preparations from fruits. It can be, for example, compotes, juices, jams, preserves.

What fruit plants are grown in gardens: classification and names

There are only three main groups of such cultures:

1. Pome fruits. This variety includes, for example, apples, pears, quince.
2. Stone fruits - cherries, sweet cherries, apricots, etc.
3. Walnut. This group includes, for example, almonds and walnuts.

Also, rare fruit crops are usually distinguished into a separate group. This includes, for example, rose hips, lemongrass, sea buckthorn, etc.

general description

Almost all fruit plants are perennials. They reproduce mainly vegetatively. That is - cuttings, layering, root offspring. Of course, some fruit crops can also be propagated by seeds or seeds. However, with this planting method, plants of this group usually do not retain good varietal qualities.

In most cases, periodic pruning is required. The main purpose of this procedure is to increase productivity by eliminating the possibility of crown thickening, as well as plant rejuvenation.

Most of these crops begin to bear fruit only a few years after planting. Harvest from plants of this group can most often be obtained only in August - September.

There are both early and late mid-season varieties fruit plants. The fruits of the crops of the first variety are most often eaten fresh. Compotes and jams are usually made from mid-season varieties of cherries, apples, pears, etc. Late fruits are often stored fresh or frozen all winter.

Selection work

A person has been growing fruit crops for a very long time. And for all this time, of course, just a huge number of their most diverse varieties were obtained. Breeding work with such crops is carried out even today.

In our country, the main task of specialists involved in obtaining new varieties is to increase the yield of plants and their winter hardiness. Also, breeders pay maximum attention to improving palatability the fruits themselves. Another priority when breeding new varieties garden trees and shrubs, experts consider increasing their resistance to various diseases. This is especially true of the most common bacterial infection of fruit crops - scab.

How to plant

They are distributed in the garden in such a way that they in no case shade each other. When choosing a place for planting a particular crop, one should take into account, including its biological features. Some fruit trees grow very tall. Other representatives of this group may have a wide spreading crown.

When planting fruit crops, the technology prescribed in this particular case should be followed exactly. Pits for such are usually prepared in advance. Before planting, a certain amount of nutrient soil is poured into them. Most often it is fatty garden soil, mixed in certain proportions with mineral or organic fertilizers, peat, dolomite flour or lime, etc. This is being prepared nutrient soil taking into account not only the characteristics of this particular crop, but also the composition of the soil on the site.

Actually, the seedling itself is fixed in the pit with a peg. Then it is filled up to a certain level with the same soil mixture prepared in advance and carefully watered.

What to Consider

When choosing a place for fruit plants on the site, among other things, you should pay attention to the level of groundwater. The roots of such crops can penetrate the soil very deeply. And therefore it is desirable that underground water located at the landing site as far from ground level as possible. Large fruit trees are usually planted where it is located at a depth of at least 2-3 meters, small ones - 1.5-2 m.

Seed plants: names and description

The most common crops of this subgroup in our country are, of course, pear and apple. Seed-bearing fruit plants usually have a rather spreading crown and a long trunk of medium thickness. These flowers are usually bisexual. They grow on branches not singly, but collected in inflorescences of 4-8 pieces. Their petals can be white or pink.

Pome fruit crops require rather complicated care. Plants of this variety are usually planted by summer residents not too much. After all, even 3-4 such trees can take a significant part suburban area. But at the same time, the harvest from one such fruit plant, in comparison with vegetable and berry crops, can be truly huge.

At first, pome crops bear fruit evenly and regularly. However, in the future, during the formation of already large crops, the cultures of this group begin to show periodicity (every year). The peculiarities of fruit pome crops also include the fact that for the most part they are self-fertile. That is, in order to get a crop of apples, pears or quince, you need to plant not one, but two or three such trees at the same time.

The crops are most often used fresh. Late-ripening apples and pears can often lie in a cool, dry place even until spring. Also compotes are often made from the fruits of pome crops. Apples and pears are rarely used for jam.

Names and description of stone fruits

A feature of the plants of this group is earlier fruiting compared to pome crops. It is not observed in stone fruit and fruitful periodicity. There are two types of these garden plants: trees and shrubs. Plants of the first group can reach a height of up to 7 meters, the second - 3-4 m.

The most common stone fruit crop in Russia is, of course, cherry. The fruits of this plant usually ripen in late July - early August. They are usually sour in taste. They are used to make compotes, jams, preserves, tinctures.

Plum is also a common stone fruit crop in Russia. The fruits of this plant are considered a good laxative. For the winter, they usually prepare only compotes and jams.

Description of nut crops

The south of Russia is the areas in which such fruit plants are most often grown. The names of many of them are known to almost everyone. But in the central zone of the Russian Federation, of course, nut crops can be found quite rarely. The most prominent representative of this group is the walnut. Also, nut crops include hazel, peanuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, cashews, etc.

The fruit of such plants is the kernel. The latter is usually enclosed in a hard shell. By structure, all nut plants are divided into three main varieties: drupes, real and mixed. All types of crops can be grown in Russia (for example, in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory). In the first case, the fruit of the plant consists of a fleshy outer pericarp, endocarp (shell) and the actual core. A subgroup of such crops include, for example, almonds and walnuts.

The fruits of the second variety usually also consist of a shell and a kernel. However, in this case, they are always enclosed in a plush (leaf wrapper). Actually, the core of real nuts itself consists of two halves. This group includes hazel and hazelnuts.

Less common crops: sea buckthorn and wild rose (description)

Some fruit plants are grown by summer residents of our country quite rarely. This is usually due to the high climatic demands of such crops. Also, some plants of this group have been simply undeservedly forgotten by gardeners in the past few decades. The most famous less common crops in our country are wild rose and sea buckthorn. They grow, of course, not in every garden. However, sometimes you can still see them in summer cottages.

The fruits of both these crops are used mainly for medicinal purposes only. Rosehip can be used, for example, to relieve inflammation, improve gastrointestinal function, and also as a good diuretic. Sea buckthorn fruits are used as a means of supporting the reproductive system, restoring bowel function, and lowering cholesterol levels in the blood.