Alekhina E.M. Perspective of cherry culture in the southern zone of the Russian Federation // Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia, VSTISP, M.-2004.-S. 160-166.
.M. Alekhine,
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, North Caucasian Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Prospects of cherry culture in the southern zone of the Russian Federation
In Russian horticulture, there remains a clear disproportion in the production of fruits with the advantage of fruits of pome crops, in particular apple trees.
AT last years the demand for fruits of stone fruit crops has increased, which predetermines the need for a significant increase in their production.
Taking into account the favorable opportunities of the Krasnodar Territory for the cultivation of sweet cherries, this crop is getting more and more wide use in the south of Russia.
The main areas of sweet cherries are concentrated here, both in agricultural enterprises and in the gardening sector, where the fruits are produced both for local consumption and for delivery to the industrial centers of the country.
The main advantage of cherries over most others horticultural crops- this is the early ripening of fruits, their highest value, as a dietary product, for consumption in fresh, and as a raw material for the processing industry.
In recent years, there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the zoned assortment of cherries. Excluded old, lost their practical use, they were replaced by new generation varieties suitable for modern technologies cultivation, but despite regular renewal, the assortment is not without significant shortcomings. The main ones are: the absence of varieties with partial self-fertility, restrained growth and a compact tree crown, few varieties of early and very early ripening with high fruit quality and high adaptive ability. In this regard, the prospects of sweet cherries are inextricably linked with the relevance of further improvement of the assortment.
AT industrial production adaptive varieties suitable for modern growing technologies are in demand, preference is given to varieties with dark-colored fruits, dense pulp consistency and high marketability.
The material for the study was 200 varieties of sweet cherries of various ecological and geographical groups located on the variety study site in the experimental farm "Central" of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture.
The existing assortment of sweet cherries recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory consists of 12 varieties of different ripening periods (Alaya, Velvet, Gedelfingenskaya, Dibera black, Holiday. Francis, French black, Southern, etc.), 50% of which were created at the institute.
Favorable in general natural and climatic conditions, however, often disturb the decrease in temperature in the late spring period, significant negative temperatures in winter, as well as epiphytotics of fungal diseases with the accumulation of virulent races, which significantly reduces the productivity of most introduced varieties.
Under these conditions, there is a need to create an assortment of sweet cherries resistant to a complex of stress factors. In the process of working out the model of a new variety, we calculated that a new variety, which differs sharply from the old ones, should include more than 15 useful features that improve it.
Most important requirement is winter hardiness.
Winter hardiness is a complex property of a variety, it includes the following main factors: the ability to early hardening, the manifestation of maximum winter hardiness, resistance to thaws, the ability to maintain hardening.
weather conditions in Krasnodar Territory in the last 10 years abounded with late - return frosts, which fell on the initial or full flowering. Varieties with late deadline development of generative buds and flowering: Velvet, Scarlet, Krasnodar early, Melitopol black, French black, etc.
AT winter period minimum temperature(-32°C) zone close to the absolute minimum (-35°C) was observed in 2002. during a period of deep dormancy and was critical for almost all varieties of cherries. In most varieties, the death of fruit buds reached 90-100%. Against the background of severe freezing, varieties created directly in the cultivation zone stood out. The maximum preservation of fruit buds (50%) was noted in varieties bred by the Institute Rubinovaya Kuban, Caucasian improved.
The ability of a variety to withstand the action of stress factors largely determines its productivity. Comparative assessment of sweet cherry cultivars according to this indicator revealed, first of all, higher adaptability of locally bred varieties.
Thus, the Institute's breeding varieties (Rubinovaya Kuban, Kavkazskaya improved, Poppy, Alaya), in addition to high winter hardiness, are characterized by more stable yields (Table 1).
Among the varieties introduced from Ukraine with high yields, three varieties were distinguished: Melitopol black, Romantika, Dilemma.
Table 1 - Promising varieties of sweet cherries for industrial gardens (OPKh "Central" SKZNIISiV Krasnodar)
| Variety | Country originator | Productivity, t/ha | Fruit weight, g | Tasting score, score | Ripening period | Degree of disease damage, score | |
| moniliosis | coccomycosis | ||||||
| Caucasian | Russia | 8,8 | 7,5 | 4,9 | early | 1,0 | 1,0 |
| Caucasian improved | Russia | 9,8 | 7,8 | 4,9 | early | 0,5 | 1,0 |
| Kuban | Russia | 9,2 | 8,0 | 4,7 | early | 1,0 | 1,5 |
| Sashenka | Russia | 9,0 | 7,8 | 4,8 | early | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| Morning Kuban | Russia | 9,1 | 8.0 | 4,6 | early | 1,0 | 1,5 |
| Ruby Kuban | Russia | 12,0 | 7,8 | 4,7 | average | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| South | Russia | 8,8 | 9,2 | 4,9 | average | 0.5 | 0,5 |
| Poppy | Russia | 10,8 | 9,0 | 4,5 | late | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| Scarlet | Russia | 9,8 | 8,5 | 4,8 | late | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| Melitopol black | Ukraine | 10,0 | 8,0 | 4,4 | mid-late | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| Romance | Ukraine | 9,5 | 8,5 | 4,7 | late | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| Prestigious | Ukraine | 8,0 | 9,0 | 4,6 | mid-late | 0,5 | 1,5 |
| Dilemma | Ukraine | 9,0 | 8,0 | 4,5 | average | 0,5 | 1.0 |
| large-fruited | Ukraine | 7,8 | 9,0 | 4,5 | late | 1,5 | 1.5 |
| Francis | Zap. Europe | 8,1 | 7.5 | 4,5 | late | 0,5 | 1,0 |
The study of the nature of growth and fruiting in sweet cherry varieties indicates the relationship between the number of fruit buds and the number fruit formations.
The vast majority of the studied sweet cherry varieties are characterized by predominant fruiting on bouquet branches. This is especially evident in such varieties: Dibera black, Ruby Kuban, Scarlet, South, Napoleon black, Napoleon pink, Francis, Melitopol black.
The density of placement of bouquet branches is one of the indicators of the yield of a variety, which must be supplemented by the number of fruit buds on them. In the bulk of varieties, they are not equivalent in this indicator. On one bouquet branch, there can be up to 10 fruit buds and 1-2 growth buds at the same time. The average number of fruit buds on a bouquet branch and the density of arrangement determines the potential productivity of the variety.
With the maximum number of bouquet twigs per meter of stem (from 20 to 40), the varieties Caucasian, Southern, Alaya, Rubinovaya Kuban, Francis were identified. As noted maximum amount fruit buds per 1 bouquet branch reaches 10, this number is typical for the varieties Kubanskaya, Yuzhnaya, Rubinvaya Kuban. These varieties also have the highest average values (from 4 to 6.6) in terms of the number of fruit buds.
In work certain attention given to the selection of early ripening varieties. But so far from the group of varieties early term maturation, no varieties were identified that ripen earlier than the zoned variety Krasnodar early. There are no varieties from among the early ones that would surpass the named variety in terms of fruit size and were on a level with it in terms of winter hardiness, disease resistance and yield. In recent years, the group of varieties, also the main one for sweet cherries, has been significantly enlarged. mid-early term maturation.. the institute created varieties Morning Kubai, Caucasian improved, Sashenka with large fruits (up to 8.0 g).
Large-fruited promising varieties late consumption of this group:
Scarlet, Poppy, Romance, Dilemma, Large-fruited, Prestigious (8.0-9.0 g).
Thus, the possibility of creating a conveyor of varieties different term ripening, allowing to obtain fruits within 1.5 months.
The experimental results allow us to draw the following conclusions:
- The slow development of fruit buds contributes to an increase in resistance to return temperature drops.
- The relationship between the yield of a variety and the number of fruit formations per running meter stem and the number of fruit buds on them.
- For wide industrial use, it is advisable to include the cherry varieties Sashenka, Kavkazskaya, Rubinovaya Kuban, Mak, Yuzhnaya, Alaya (selection of SKZNIISiV), Romantika, Melitopolskaya black. Prestigious, Dilemma (selection of Ukraine).
Literature
1. Kashin V.I. Nursery as the main link in the scientific and practical support of horticulture in Russia // Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia: Sat. scientific works / VSTISP.-M., 2002.-T.IX-C.3-28.
The variety was created in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar) from the pollination of the Napoleon white sweet cherry variety with the pollen of the Anadolskaya variety. Authors: M.A. Kolesnikov, E.M. Alekhine. Zoned and approved for industrial use in the North Caucasus region since 1987. The main variety of medium early ripening in the Krasnodar Territory.
Wood fast-growing, medium-sized with a broadly oval, medium density and leafy crown. The annual shoot is light brown with a green color and a gray bloom. Kidneys of medium size, generative oval, elongated, vegetative - cone-shaped. The leaf is oval and narrowly oval (15.0 x 6.8), of medium size, dark green in color without anthocyanin, the apex is strongly pointed, the base is sharp or broadly wedge-shaped, the serration is doubly serrated, the leaf blade is flat, matte, with slight pubescence along the lower surface. The petiole is of medium length and thickness, with anthocyanin coloration along the entire length, the glands are well colored, located 2-3 per petiole. The flowers are collected in inflorescences of 2-3, above average size, saucer-shaped, the petals are rounded, freely arranged, pink, the color intensifies when flowering. The stamens are short and medium, the pistil is long (1.8 cm) located above the anthers. The calyx is goblet with even sepals. It bears fruit on bouquet twigs (up to 82%) and the base of growth shoots.
Fruit medium size (6.0-6.5 g), the maximum fruit weight reaches 7.5 g, broadly oval (2.4 x 2.3 x 2.1), the funnel is small, almost without a recess, the apex is round, the integumentary color is dark - red, flesh is dark red, medium density, juicy. The juice is dark red, bright. The stone is oval (0.2 g), light beige, the apex and base are rounded, freely separated from the pulp. peduncle middle length and thickness, it is well separated from the fruit, the separation is dry.
The fruits are attractive, shiny, smooth, with high taste (tasting score 4.8 points) resistant to cracking. Contain 17.4% solids, 12.0% sugars, 0.6% acids, 11.3 mg / 100 g of ascorbic acid, 38.4 mg / 100 g of vitamin P. Fruit transportability is very good, universal purpose, suitable for dessert consumption fresh and various kinds technical processing.
It belongs to the group of varieties of early flowering period, the fruits ripen in the middle early terms - in the first days of June (June 1-7). Enters fruiting at the age of 5 years. Self-infertile. The yield is high, favorable years, during the period of full fruiting reaches over 60 kg/tree. – 12.5 t/ha (planting pattern 8 x 6).
Shows high winter hardiness in extreme winter conditions, medium resistance to spring frosts. Drought tolerance is sufficient. The variety is practically resistant to major fungal diseases, slightly susceptible to. Aphids are only slightly affected; cherry fly damage was not observed.
Advantages: marketability and high quality fruits, resistance to major diseases, high productivity.
Flaws: insufficient resistance to spring frosts.
Sweet cherry, or bird cherry, is one of the most ancient and beloved by gardeners. fruit trees, having a very small distribution region, limited to areas of southern Europe with a temperate climate, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It is quite demanding in care, but it grows very quickly and begins to bear fruit early. The fruits ripen already at the very beginning of the season (May - June) and are distinguished not only by their wonderful taste, but also by a rich set of vitamins, organic acids, micro and macro elements.
As a result of centuries-old selection, which took place spontaneously for a long time, more than 4 thousand varieties of bird cherries were obtained, so it is quite difficult for a novice gardener to navigate in such a variety. All existing varieties traditionally divided into early, middle and late. Among them there are self-fertile and self-pollinated varieties, with different resistance to natural vagaries, significantly differing in appearance and fruit quality. At the beginning of the last century, Russian scientists began to breed winter-hardy sweet cherries that can withstand the frosts of the middle zone.
Which of the early varieties are worthy of attention?
Cherry is one of those berries that we can taste in late spring by planting one of the early ripening varieties. At proper care already at the end of May, a vitamin dessert appears on our table and not only pleasantly diversifies the menu, but also helps the body to quickly cope with spring beriberi. Most of the early ripening varieties are more resistant to return frosts, and juicy and tender berries are very tasty fresh, but do not tolerate transportation.
and the way- productive self-fertile variety, zoned in the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Medium-sized trees have good winter hardiness, especially flower buds, and high resistance to fungal diseases. They form an early harvest of dark red heart-shaped berries above average in size (up to 10 g), which become almost black when overripe. Tender and juicy, but dense flesh has an excellent moderately sweet taste. Harvest is universal in application.
Ovstudenka- self-infertile sweet cherry of early ripening, recommended for cultivation in the central regions. The variety forms compact, low trees, resistant to winter freezing and return frosts in spring. High and stable yields of sweet and juicy medium-sized dark raspberries (up to 6.5 g) and universal use make the variety popular among gardeners. Additional advantage- good immunity to coccomycosis and moniliosis.
Story- not the most productive self-fertile variety, loved by gardeners for its large size (up to 12 g) and excellent commercial qualities of very sweet berries with dense pulp. They do not crack in the rainy season and tolerate transportation well. Cherry Tale is not afraid of winter frosts, has a high immunity to most fungal diseases.
Chermashnaya – high yielding variety very early ripening, forming medium-sized winter-hardy trees, practically free from fungal diseases. Very tender, juicy berries of small weight (up to 4.5 g) and amber color have a sweet, dessert taste with a slight refreshing sourness. The fruits are good straight from the branch, but not suitable for storage, making jam or juice.
Mid-season cherries - the best varieties
Usually medium varieties give a harvest from mid-June. They tolerate return frosts worse, but compared to early cherries, they have better commercial qualities of fruits.
Annushka- mid-season sweet cherry, recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. The variety forms vigorous trees with a spreading crown and large (up to 10 g) berries of a dark pomegranate shade. Very decorative fruits of a rounded shape are distinguished by an excellent sweet taste of dense and juicy pulp, which is not lost even in adverse weather. Plants perfectly tolerate winter frosts and summer drought, but are not sufficiently resistant to fungal diseases and cannot boast of high yields.
Adeline- high-yielding and frost-resistant variety, ripening in the second or third decade of July. Medium-sized trees begin fruiting in the fourth year of vegetation, forming medium-sized coral-red berries (up to 6 g) with very tasty, elastic and juicy pulp. Adeline cherries resist quite well such common diseases as moniliosis and coccomycosis, but are not capable of self-pollination (self-infertile).
Teremoshka- self-infertile variety medium winter hardiness, beginning to bear fruit in the fourth year of vegetation. Low, neat trees with a spherical crown resist well the winter cold and return frosts, have a fairly high immunity to fungal diseases. Dark cherry berries of an impressive size (up to 7 g) are valued for their excellent, honey taste, elastic and juicy pulp, good transportability.
Donetsk beauty- mid-season sweet cherry, bred by Ukrainian breeders. The variety is valued for its excellent yield, as well as for beautiful and very tasty berries of impressive size (up to 10 g) and dessert taste, which have a noble shade of red wine. In addition to the obvious external advantages, the variety has a high immunity to coccomycosis.
Gastinet- very delicious variety Belarusian selection, characterized by excellent tasting qualities of medium-sized amber berries (up to 6 g) with a rich carmine blush. self-fertile trees average yield very decorative during fruiting, resistant to fungal diseases and give the first harvest in the third year of development.
The most large-fruited and productive late varieties
At a time when the entire crop of early sweet cherries has already been eaten and processed, late-ripening varieties begin to bear fruit very conveniently. The berries on such trees ripen towards the end of summer, and the most frost-resistant of them give a harvest in the last decade of August.
Exhibition- an incredibly productive variety that ripens in July. Tall trees form many large (up to 8 g) and very beautiful oval-shaped amber-carmine berries with excellent taste. Cherry Exhibition is distinguished by increased frost resistance of flower buds, but is not capable of self-pollination. The best pollinators for her are the Recordistka, Cassini early and Market varieties.
Bryansk pink- self-infertile variety late ripening with good yields, it is valued for its low and compact trees, highly resistant to fungal diseases and winter frosts. Medium-sized (up to 5.5 g) berries of a beautiful light scarlet hue with dense amber pulp are distinguished by sweetness and juiciness, and in addition, they almost do not crack and are perfectly preserved during transportation.
Napoleon- a very old and excellently productive variety of European selection, zoned in Dagestan at the beginning of the last century. Tall trees delight with large (up to 7 g) berries of almost black color and a very good, sweet taste of dense pulp, diluted with slight sourness. Cherry Napoleon is universal in use, resistant to winter frosts and fungal diseases, has excellent keeping quality and transportability.
Regina- self-fertile late cherry, characterized by compact, low trees with very high frost resistance and good yields. Large (up to 10 g) berries of a very beautiful dark pomegranate shade delight with a bright taste and excellent transportability. Fruits are able not to crumble for a long time after ripening and not crack in the rainy season. An additional advantage of the variety is its precociousness: the first crop ripens already in the third year of vegetation.
Region Preferences
Cherry is a capricious tree, loving warmth and fertile slightly alkaline or neutral soils. That is why it feels best in the south of Russia and in the Central Black Earth region. However, there are unpretentious and frost-resistant varieties, which can be cultivated even in the Urals and Siberia. With good and proper care, even in these regions experienced gardeners receive good harvests delicious berries.
Here are some suggestions for growing in the middle lane.
Gronkovaya- a self-fertile early ripe variety recommended for cultivation in the central regions. Tall, very productive trees are resistant to winter frosts and damage by pathogenic fungi. In the fourth year of vegetation, they bear fruit for the first time, forming dark scarlet berries of medium weight (up to 4.5 g) with an excellent taste of sweet and juicy pulp. The best pollinators are Zhurba, Beauty, Narodnaya.
large-fruited- a time-tested variety of early fruiting, not capable of self-pollination. Rapidly developing trees of medium height with a compact crown perfectly tolerate winter cold and summer drought, are not afraid of fungal diseases, and are especially resistant to moniliosis. Very large (up to 12 g) pomegranate-colored berries delight with a very rich taste of dense and sweet pulp. Varieties for pollination - Surprise or Francis.
Revna- late-ripening self-fruitless variety, forming fast-growing trees of medium height. Fruits of an impressive size (up to 7.7 g) have a wide-round shape and a dark cherry, almost black, color. Dense pulp stands out with excellent sweet taste and juiciness. Cherry Revna tolerates frost well and is not afraid of fungal diseases. The best pollinators are Ovstuzhevka, Raditsa, Iput, Compact.
Fatezh- self-infertile productive variety of medium early fruiting. Low trees with a compact, spherical crown form elegant berries small size(up to 4.6 g), amber color with a scarlet blush. Sweet and sour pulp has a pleasant, dense texture. Cherry is resistant to the most dangerous fungal diseases and tolerates frost well. Chermashnaya and Iput varieties are suitable for pollination.
For the regions of southern Russia and the Black Earth region the choice of varieties is much larger. The best representatives are Ariadne, Poetry, Oryol pink.
Poetry- high-yielding mid-season sweet cherry, forming low self-fertile trees with a raised pyramidal crown. Amber-scarlet berries for dessert use and medium size (up to 5.6 g) are distinguished by an excellent taste of sweet, dense pulp with refreshing-sour notes. The variety has sufficient winter hardiness, which is quite suitable for the mild climate of southern Russia. Immunity to fungal diseases is quite high.
Ariadne- early ripe variety with high and stable yield. Vigorous trees form impressive (up to 5.4 g) and very tasty fruits. Dark pomegranate berries are distinguished by an excellently sweet taste of dense and juicy pulp. Cherry Ariadna has practically no drawbacks, as it is not only tasty and fruitful, but also frost-resistant and does not get sick at all.
Oryol pink- a mid-season and high-yielding variety that forms medium-sized and frost-resistant trees. Medium-sized (up to 4.0 g) yellow fruits with a scarlet blush have a sweet, slightly sour, dessert taste of juicy, medium-density pulp. Sweet cherries are characterized by good precocity (bearing in the third year) and are relatively resistant to fungal diseases, but are self-infertile.
Rechitsa- self-infertile sweet cherry of medium ripening with good yield. Fast growing trees of medium height with a spreading crown are distinguished by excellent frost resistance and high immunity to fungal diseases. Large (up to 5.8 g) fruits of almost black color have a remarkably sweet taste of juicy pulp. The best pollinators are Ovstuzhenka, Odrinka, Iput.
For the regions of the Urals and Siberia with their harsh winters, such a parameter of trees as frost resistance is especially important, which should be related to flower buds to a greater extent. Besides, sharp fluctuations day and night temperatures, especially at the end of winter, often lead to burns of skeletal branches and trunk. All these features were taken into account by breeders who received such winter-hardy varieties like Tyutchevka, Odrinka, Veda, Bryanochka.
Tyutchevka- late-ripening highly productive variety, partially capable of self-pollination. Medium-sized trees and flower buds have good winter hardiness. Dark pomegranate fruits of an impressive size (up to 7.4 g) are distinguished by an excellent taste of dense, sweet and juicy pulp. They are well stored and transported. Sweet cherry is practically not affected by moniliosis and is rarely susceptible to other fungal diseases.
Odrinka- self-infertile cherries of medium late ripening form low trees with a pyramidal crown, which practically do not get sick, have high winter hardiness and are not afraid of sunburn. Frost well tolerated and flower buds. Very large (up to 7.4 g) and remarkably sweet fruits of dark raspberry color with elastic and juicy pulp have a universal scope. Most suitable varieties for pollination - Rechitsa, Revna, Ovstuzhenka.
Brianochka- self-infertile late variety, characterized by high winter hardiness and productivity. On medium-sized trees, very elegant and impressive (up to 7.1 g) fruits of a dark beet shade ripen. Their wonderfully tasty pulp is juicy and high in sugar. Sweet cherry has a high immunity to coccomycosis and a good one - to other fungal diseases. Pollinating varieties - Veda, Iput and Tyutchevka.
Veda- frost-resistant table variety of late ripening. Medium-sized trees are characterized by high yields, forming large (up to 7.0 g), juicy and very tasty berries of dark cherry color. Cherry Veda has increased immunity to coccomycosis and other fungal infections, is not capable of self-pollination. The best partner varieties are Tyutchevka, Revna, Bryanochka, Iput.
Cherry is one of the most beloved berries in the garden. Let's talk about her - the dove. It ripens early, and you can choose varieties so that you can harvest from late May to late July.
And its yield is the highest - it surpasses cherries by two to three times. Disease resistance, palatability and transportability are higher. In addition to frost resistance. Of course by palatability you can’t compare them, I got excited, because everyone has their own tastes. And I love eating cherries live, and cherry juice and compote, as well as jam and dumplings with cherries are tastier. But it's for my taste.
I digress. This culture attracts not only gardeners. Many breeders have decided to improve the varieties and move them at least a little further north.
Many people want to understand the varieties and have a little idea which variety produces when. Therefore, I bring to your attention a review of the 10 most marketable, in my opinion, varieties of cherries.
Melitopol early
Dzherelo 
Ripening period: 1st decade of June
Growth strength: medium height
Yaroslavna 
Fruit weight and color: 8g dark red
Growth strength: medium height
Donetsk beauty 
Ripening period: 2nd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: 10g red
Growth strength: vigorous
Melitopol black 
Fruit weight and color: 12g black
Growth strength: vigorous
Annushka 
Ripening period: 3rd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: 10g dark red
Growth strength: vigorous
large-fruited 
Ripening period: 3rd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: Up to 15g black
Growth strength: vigorous
Friendship 
Ripening period: 1st decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 11g dark red
Growth strength: vigorous
Regina 
Ripening period: 2nd decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 10g black
Growth strength: medium height
Bigaro Oratovsky 
Ripening period: 3rd decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 7g dark red
Growth strength: vigorous
WHO IS NOT ON THE LIST?
Didn't make the list much good varieties both new and old. For different reasons.
Not included in the list, such an authoritative early variety as "Valery Chkalov". The reason is very simple: it bursts and rots in wet spring and is not very disease resistant. But the main thing is the insufficient winter hardiness of flower buds. For comparison. In Crimea 10 summer trees give 60-70 kg on average. In the Kuban 25-40kg. In the Rostov region, and even less, the kidneys freeze out ...
Replacement "Chkalov" - "Yaroslavna". It matures 3-5 days later and is very similar in appearance. But it is resistant to diseases and almost does not burst. The yield of "Yaroslavna" is up to 60-80 kg per tree, even in the Rostov region, not to mention the Krasnodar Territory. And yet, “Valery Chkalov” is in no hurry to change. At good care and regular watering of the berries from him receive 15g. Although this is not an absolute record, but among the early varieties, no one reaches such a value. By the way, good pollinators for Yaroslavna are Valery Chkalov and Annushka.
For the same reasons, black was not included in the "Daiber" list. And her berries are smaller than modern analogues. The exception is “Drogana” yellow, it is a German variety, quite frost-resistant and productive. This variety is let down by yellowish berries and a weak taste. You can replace it with “Rossoshskaya” yellow, more beautiful and tasty.
“June early” cherries still help out many gardeners. However, it is much larger, more formidable, does not rot and is not afraid of diseases “Dzherelo”. This is a new variety of the Artemovskaya station, which is still little known. But in vain - his parents are excellent: “Valery Chkalov” and “Drogana Yellow”. Yes, and a 10g berry is one of the most marketable for the beginning of June.
One of the most transportable varieties, Frans Joseph, was not included in the list. And all due to the fact that the size is small by modern standards, 6-7 g. At the same time, “Large-fruited” ripens, which is 1.5-2 times larger and also transportable. I do not want to offend the Frans Joseph variety, its yield is excellent - 60 kg per tree, and compotes and preparations of the highest quality.
True, Ukrainians believe that their varieties are the best - “Melitopol”, “Krupnoplodnaya”, “Dzherelo”. It's hard to argue with them. Even if the berries smaller size, “Melitopolskie” always has a great taste and appearance.