Rocket stoves: features, advantages, self-assembly and furnace firing. What type of rocket stove is there? Operating principle and features Large brick rocket oven

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can, in principle, be made even within one day, since its design is not at all complicated. If you have the skills to work with tools, read drawings, have some necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which will be at hand, but much will depend on where the stove is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, it can heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.


Portable options rocket furnace usually have absolutely small size and easily fits in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when you go on a picnic or to the dacha, for example, such a stove will help you boil water and cook lunch. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small; even dry branches, splinters or tufts of grass can be used as fuel.

Operating principle of a rocket type stove

Despite the simplicity of the design of the rocket stove, its design uses two operating principles, which the developers borrowed from other types of stoves operating on. So, for its effective operation, the following principles are taken:

  • The principle of free circulation of gases released from fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of chimney draft.
  • The principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket stoves, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is quite difficult to create necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest design of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively outdoors. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two sections of pipe connected by a bend at a right angle.

The firebox for this furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is placed in it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. To manufacture a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, it is often used, installed on a heat-resistant solution.


To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 – outer metal body of the furnace.

2 – pipe – combustion chamber.

3 – a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and intended for the free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 – the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, tightly filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The furnace is heated as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, hot gases are formed, rising through the vertical channel of the pipe and escaping outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and installed capacity. If its hole is completely blocked, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft that supplies air to the combustion area and lifts the heated gases upward. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design with a door installed on the loading opening. And to create draft, a special channel is provided, which is formed by the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7÷10 mm from it. Even if the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already beginning to work - without active access of oxygen to the burning, the process of pyrolysis can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since the combustion process of gases requires certain temperature conditions.


1 – air channel in the combustion chamber, through which air is blown when the firebox door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 – upward flow of hot gases.

Video: a version of the simplest rocket stove from an old cylinder

Improved rocket furnace design


The design, intended for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a combustion door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the house, and the chimney pipe from it is led outside. After such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

  • Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically sealing the upper part of the structure, the heated air is retained high temperature for much longer.

  • A channel for supplying secondary air was installed in the lower part of the body, successfully providing the necessary air supply, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
  • The flue pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket stove, but at the lower rear part of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but is able to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, hob, and further diverging inside the case, providing its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the air around it.

This diagram clearly shows the entire process of operation of the stove: in the fuel hopper (item 1), preliminary combustion of fuel (item 2) occurs in the insufficient air supply mode “A” - this is regulated by a damper (item 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (item 5), where they are burned. This process takes place thanks to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of “secondary” air “B” through a specially designed channel (item 4).

Next, the hot air rushes into the internal pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the “ceiling” of the body, which is the hob (item 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum housing (item 6), heating the housing for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney pipe (pos. 11).

To achieve maximum heat transfer from fuel and provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, important has the ability to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of larger diameter - the shell (item 8), and the space between them is tightly packed with heat-resistant mineral composition(item 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a 1:1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.


The design of this version of the rocket stove consists of the following components and elements:

  • A lid-closable firebox with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
  • The furnace goes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas is burned.
  • The hot gas flow rises through a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed “ceiling” of the housing, where it transfers part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases following, it diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
  • At the bottom of the stove there is an entrance to horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the stove bench. Moreover, in this space one, two or more turns of corrugated pipe can be laid, in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the stove bench. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led outside through the wall of the house.

  • It should be noted that if the bench is made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
  • The heated stove and bench, releasing heat into the room, will themselves serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of brick. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves according to their financial capabilities and ease of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bench looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than clay version, but the cost of materials will be approximately the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

We foldmade of brickrocket stovewith a bed

What is needed for the job?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. Design size at standard parameters brick (250x120x65 mm) will be 2540x1030x1620 mm.


Our task is to build such an original rocket stove with a warm bed out of brick

It should be noted that the design is divided into three parts:

  • The oven itself – its size is 505×1620×580 mm;
  • Firebox – 390×250×400 mm;
  • Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

To lay the stove you will need the following materials:

  • Red brick – 435 pcs.;
  • Blower door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
  • Cleaning door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
  • A fire door is desirable (250×120 mm - 1 piece), otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
  • Hob 505×580 mm – 1 pc.;
  • Rear metal shelf panel 370×365 mm – 1 pc.;
  • Asbestos sheet 2.5÷3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
  • Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.
  • Clay and sand for mortar or a ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this rocket stove with vertical loading is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its masonry is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

If you have no experience as a mason or stove maker, but have a strong desire to install such a heating device yourself, you should play it safe and first lay the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each row.

In addition, to ensure that the seams are the same width, it is recommended to prepare gauge wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. Once the solution has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove it is necessary to have a flat and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact and its weight is not as great as, for example, a Russian stove, a floor laid with thin boards will not be suitable for its installation. In the case where the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is necessary to lay and secure a heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Order of a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

IllustrationBrief description of the operation performed
The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base.
For masonry you will need 62 red bricks.
The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace.
The corners on the side bricks of the firebox facade are cut off or rounded - this way the structure will look neat.
Second row.
At this stage of the work, internal smoke exhaust channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels connect to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row.
The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut diagonally - this “nook” will collect unburned combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow you to easily clean it.
To lay a row you will need 44 bricks.
On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically tidying up the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels.
The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted onto the ears of the cast iron elements and then inserted into the masonry seams.
Third row.
It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
Fourth row.
At this stage, the channels running inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of brick.
A firebox opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney pipe.
In addition, a rotating horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes heated air under the stove bench.
To lay a row you need to prepare 59 bricks.
Fifth row.
The next stage is covering the bed with a second cross layer of brick.
The smoke exhaust ducts and firebox also continue to be removed.
60 bricks are prepared for a row.
Sixth row.
The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the stove on which the hob will be installed begins to rise.
It still has smoke exhaust ducts.
A row requires 17 bricks.
Seventh row.
The laying of the headrest is completed, for which bricks cut diagonally are used.
The second row of the base under the hob rises.
Laying will require 18 bricks.
Eighth row.
The furnace structure with three channels is being laid.
You will need 14 bricks.
The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, they are laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, intertwined.
14 bricks are used for each row.
11th row.
Continuation of masonry according to the scheme.
This row will take 13 bricks.
12th row.
At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe.
The hole supplied under the stove is equipped with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the stove bench.
11 bricks were used per row.
13th row.
A base for the slab is formed, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through this that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into the vertical channel leading under the stove bench.
10 bricks are laid.
13th row.
On the same row, the base is prepared for laying the hob.
To do this, a heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid around the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
13th row.
Then, a solid metal plate is laid on top of the asbestos pad.
In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they open, smoke may enter the room.
14th row.
The opening for the chimney pipe is closed and the wall is raised, separating the hob from the stove bench area.
Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
15th row.
This row raising the wall will also require 5 bricks.
15th row.
On the same row, in continuation back wall, a metal shelf is fixed next to the hob, which can be used as a cutting board.
It is attached to brackets.
15th row.
The picture diagram shows well how a hob can be used.
In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that section of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air flow will pass under it.
After completing all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole at the back of the stove, which is led out to the street.
From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed either near the wall or in the middle of the room.
This stove is perfect for heating a country house.
If you decorate the stove and chimney finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and a very functional one, for any private home.
As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
To fully examine the structure, you need to see its projection from the end side.
And the last picture clearly shows what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of a rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-made, compared to others heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal has been set - to acquire a stove in the house, but there is clearly not enough experience in such work, then it is best to choose this option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Content

Portable and stationary rocket stoves (jet stoves) have proven themselves to be practical, energy-efficient devices. Heating and cooking units got their name because of the characteristic roar, reminiscent of the sound jet engine– it sounds when excess air enters the firebox. Operating in standard operating mode, the stove does not disturb the acoustic comfort in the room.

Homemade rocket stoves

Features of the reaction furnace

The first stove of this type was created for use in field conditions - a unit was needed for fast cooking and heating, and designed for operation in conditions of fuel shortage. The developers managed to find a solution that made it possible to produce a compact solid fuel stove with high efficiency.

Further modifications of the unit led to the invention of a stationary stove with a heated bench. Unlike the usual Russian stove, rocket stoves are not bulky and are easier to make yourself. The heat generator is capable of operating on one load of fuel for about 6 hours, while the stationary structure, for the construction of which adobe plaster is used, releases the accumulated heat within half a day after the firewood burns out.


The stationary design of the rocket stove with a stove bench retains heat for about 6 hours on one tab

Advantages of the design

The jet furnace is in growing demand because it is a non-volatile heat source that:

  • easy to install - a primitive version of a rocket stove can be assembled from scrap materials in half an hour;
  • works effectively even on fuel with low calorific value - damp firewood, thin branches, wood chips, bark, etc.;
  • provides heating and allows cooking;
  • completely burns fuel with afterburning wood gas, which minimizes the risk of carbon monoxide entering the room.

The design of the stove makes it possible to use it in the house without fear of causing damage to the well-thought-out interior - the body of the stationary unit can be almost completely hidden in an attractive “shell”, which will serve as a heat accumulator.

To understand how good efficiency is achieved when working on low-quality fuel, you need to understand the operating principles of a jet stove.

During thermal decomposition, solid organic fuel releases gaseous substances, which also decompose and ultimately turn into wood gas (a mixture of combustible and inert gases), which burns with high heat output.

In an ordinary solid fuel stove, the thermal efficiency of wood gas is practically not used, since the gaseous intermediate phase goes with the smoke into the chimney, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of carbon deposits, which are heavy hydrocarbon compounds. The higher the humidity of solid fuel, the less wood gas is formed and the more soot on the walls of the chimney. Accordingly, the worse the stove heats.

A rocket-type furnace differs from conventional solid fuel units in that its design makes it possible to provide conditions under which a significant part of the intermediate gases does not evaporate, but turns into wood and is burned. This is achieved due to a horizontal heat-insulated channel, where gases move more slowly than in a vertical pipe, and a thermal insulator prevents cooling and turning into carbon deposits. As a result, even from raw fuel, significantly more thermal energy is extracted compared to combustion in a conventional furnace.

In complex models of reactive heating units, the operating principle of the furnace is long burning, where post-combustion of pyrolysis gases is provided, is combined with the design features of classic brick kilns, in which heated air and gas circulate through internal channels. At the same time, such a rocket does not need to organize additional blowing - the chimney creates the thrust in it, and the higher it is, the more intense the upward flow.

Despite the fact that rocket stoves are capable of squeezing maximum thermal energy from low-quality fuel, they demonstrate optimal efficiency indicators when using dry firewood.

Difficulties and disadvantages

The disadvantages include:

  • manual control of the stove - fuel must be added regularly (the burning time of the filling depends on the configuration of the heater);
  • some structural elements heat up to high temperatures and threaten to cause burns if they accidentally come into contact with the skin;
  • it is not rational to use a rocket as sauna stove, since it takes a long time to warm up the room.

The design of a jet stove looks extremely simple, but the invention of such a unit took a lot of time, since the key to effective operation is an accurate calculation so that the fuel combustion mode is optimally correlated with the traction force, etc.

Important! Rocket stoves are a heat engineering system that requires fine balancing. Failure to comply with the dimensions of the structure or errors in assembly, incorrect operating mode of the unit results in the stove roaring loudly during operation due to an unstable gas vortex in the chimney, requiring more fuel with low heat transfer and quickly becoming overgrown with soot.

The jet stove was invented in the USA, and the details of its construction are not disclosed - only corrected drawings are publicly available, based on which it is difficult to build a truly efficient heater.


Stove-bed at home

Models for outdoor and hiking use

Suitable for heating water and cooking food jet stoves the simplest modification, made of metal pipe or brick. They are easily made with your own hands for household needs.

To make a metal outdoor cooking stove, two pipes connected by an elbow at a right angle are enough. Legs made of reinforcing bars and a stand for dishes are welded to the structure (so that there is a gap between the bottom of the container and the cut of the pipe for smoke to escape).

Outdoor rocket stove made of pipes

This design can be improved by inserting another elbow with a pipe into the horizontal pipe, the height of which should be less than the chimney part - it will serve as a vertical firebox.

An even more functional modification is a camp stove made of a rectangular pipe with a firebox welded at an angle (it also serves as an ash pan). It is quite simple to make such a rocket oven with your own hands according to the drawings.

Robinson camping rocket stove with racks for dishes

To make the simplest outdoor reactive stove made of brick, you will need 5 minutes of time, 20 whole bricks and two more halves. Plus metal stand under the dishes.


Drawing of a Robinson stove with a stand for dishes

Such a stove must first be brought into operating mode - warm up the pipe, burning paper and wood chips, since cold pipe the gas stagnates, preventing the fuel from burning well. When the pipe warms up, a powerful draft will appear when igniting the wood.

Jet stove made of bricks
Attention! A jet stove with a horizontal firebox has a significant drawback - it is necessary to constantly move the burning wood. An inclined or vertical loading hopper, along the walls of which firewood slides down under its own weight, makes the unit more convenient to use.

Heating and cooking stoves for premises

To heat a greenhouse, garage or workshop, you can also use jet units, which can be easily and quickly installed with your own hands.

An analogue of a primitive furnace made of a metal pipe is built from brick on an earthen floor or a specially prepared foundation. A brick rocket furnace is mounted from solid ceramic or fireclay bricks using heat-resistant mortar.


Stationary brick oven on an earthen floor

A more efficient version of the heating rocket stove is made using a metal barrel, which serves as a casing and allows for insulation of the riser (the internal pipe that serves as the combustion chamber and chimney). Ash, sifted sand, a mixture of sand and fireclay clay. Thermal insulation helps create conditions for the efficient production of wood gas, and the more it is released from the fuel, the higher the thermal output of a wood-burning stove. In addition, this thermal insulation material (it must be well sealed during installation) plays the role of a heat accumulator, capable of heating the air in the room for several hours after the firewood has burned out.

Rocket stove made of 21 bricks

Improved heaters

A jet stove with a free gas outlet is not suitable for use as a heating stove, so it is supplemented with smoke exhaust channels and a heat exchanger. Rocket stove drawings various designs help you clearly see the difference.

The operating principle of the improved unit is as follows:

  • in order to maintain a high temperature in the vertical channel, which promotes the production of wood gas, it is thermally insulated with fire-resistant material, while a casing (from a barrel or a larger diameter pipe) with a hermetically sealed top is installed on top;
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with a door, in the lower part there is a special channel for supplying secondary air - this air supply is required for afterburning wood gas (in simple models air enters only through the firebox without a door);
  • due to the installation of a chimney pipe in the lower part of the casing, the heated air does not escape directly into the atmosphere, but circulates through channels inside the furnace body, actively giving off heat;
  • flue gases with the highest temperature enter the upper part of the housing, directly under the flat lid, which makes it possible to use it as a hob, and the already cooled flow rushes into the chimney pipe;
  • The efficiency of the stove is increased due to the intake of secondary air for combustion of pyrolysis gases, and the intensity of its supply is regulated by the system itself, since it depends on how quickly the flue gases cool in the upper part of the housing.

Advanced jet-type heating units include a long-burning rocket stove, which can be made from a gas cylinder, as well as a stove with a water jacket.

Jet heating unit from a propane cylinder

A rocket stove made from a gas cylinder is an easy-to-make wood-burning stove that uses fuel economically and effectively warms up the room.

For its assembly it is used:

  • empty propane cylinder (unit body);
  • steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm (for arranging a chimney and a vertical channel);
  • steel profile pipe 150x150 mm (firebox and loading hopper are made);
  • sheet steel 3 mm thick.

Making a stove from a gas cylinder requires the use of welding machine. If you plan to assemble such a rocket stove with your own hands, the drawings will help you accurately follow optimal sizes all structural elements.

Scheme of processes in a rocket furnace

On preliminary stage Before starting work, you should prepare a gas cylinder - turn off the valve, fill the container to the top with water to ensure that gas vapors that can explode from a spark are removed from the container. Then the top part is cut off along the seam. A hole is cut in the lower part of the resulting cylinder for the chimney, and in the bottom for the combustion chamber with an attached firebox. The vertical channel is brought out through a hole in the bottom; a structure from a profile pipe is welded on the bottom side, according to the rocket drawing.

Attention! The sheet metal cover should be made removable and a non-flammable seal (asbestos cord) should be provided for reliable sealing. The flat lid is used as a cooking surface.

If you are installing a rocket stove from a gas cylinder yourself, you should pay close attention to the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not flow uncontrollably into the working stove. If everything is in order, you can install the chimney.

Important! The top of the chimney must be raised to a height of 4 meters relative to the level of the firebox in order to ensure the required draft intensity.

Such a home stove is regulated in power by the volume of fuel loading. The jet stove is put into operation by supplying air through the combustion chamber; this is regulated by the hopper lid. Next, secondary air is constantly supplied to the unit. This heating stove explodes at the end of the combustion process, since it is impossible to shut off the supply of secondary air, and soot deposits on the inner walls of the vertical channel. The casing cover is made removable so that it can be removed periodically.

Boiler unit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by installing a water circuit on the chimney of a stove made from a gas cylinder or other materials, but according to the same scheme indicated above. However, heating the water in the circuit of such a unit will be inefficient, since the main part of the thermal energy is given off to the air in the room and to the containers on the hob.

An effective option rocket furnace from a metal barrel

If you want to create a rocket boiler for water heating with high efficiency, you will have to sacrifice the cooking function. A do-it-yourself rocket stove according to the drawing presented below can be mounted in short terms.

This will require:

  • fireclay bricks and refractory masonry composition (for installing the base of the stove with a firebox);
  • steel pipe with a diameter of 70 mm (for a vertical channel);
  • steel barrel (for the casing);
  • fireproof heat insulator;
  • sheet steel 3 mm thick and a metal barrel (or pipe) of smaller diameter than the casing (for arranging a water jacket and smoke channels for heating the water circuit);
  • steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
  • container, pipes and connecting pipes for arranging a heat accumulator.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation of the vertical channel provides optimal mode combustion of pyrolysis gases, while all the heated air enters the “coil” with a water jacket and releases the main part of the thermal energy there, heating the coolant.


Rocket stove with water circuit

The heat accumulator will continue to supply heated coolant to the heating circuit even after the furnace itself has cooled down. The container with water is equipped with a thick layer of insulation.

Heating unit with bench

A rocket stove with a stove bench is a device that can create a comfortable environment in one room. Such a unit cannot be used to heat several rooms, let alone the entire house.

Arranging such a long-burning unit with your own hands requires precise calculations - its power and the maximum permissible length of the hog on which the stove bed is located depend on the size of the stove body. It is also important to select the correct pipe cross-section for installation of the structure. Mistakes will result in the jet furnace becoming overgrown with soot in a short time or roaring loudly during operation due to turbulence in gas flows.


Design of a stove with a stove bench

Dimensions and proportions of the structure

To build a rocket stove with your own hands, you need to prepare detailed drawings, indicating the dimensions of all elements. At the project preparation stage, calculations are made based on the basic values ​​to which all others are tied.

Basic calculated values ​​are:

  • D – diameter of the drum (furnace body);
  • S – area of ​​internal cross section drum

Calculations of design parameters are carried out taking into account that:

  1. The drum height (H) ranges from 1.5 to 2 D.
  2. The coating of the drum is carried out at 2/3 N (if its edge is planned to be shaped, then 2/3 of the height should be the average).
  3. The thickness of the coating layer on the drum is 1/3 D.
  4. The internal cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical channel (riser) is 4.5-6.5% of S, optimal value– in the range of 5-6%.
  5. The height of the vertical channel is the maximum, as far as the furnace design allows, but the gap between the upper edge of the riser and the drum cover must be at least 70 mm for normal circulation of flue gases.
  6. The length of the flame pipe (fire duct) must be equal to the height of the vertical channel.
  7. The cross-sectional area of ​​the fire pipeline is equal to the corresponding indicator of the riser. Moreover, it is recommended to use a square-section profile pipe for the fire pipeline; in this case, the stove operates more stable.
  8. The cross-sectional area of ​​the blower is ½ of the cross-sectional area of ​​the firebox and riser. For stability and smooth adjustment For the furnace mode, a rectangular profile pipe with an aspect ratio of 2:1 is used, which is laid flat.
  9. The volume of the secondary ash pan depends on the volume of the drum minus the volume of the riser. For a stove from a barrel - 5%, for a stove from a gas cylinder - 10%. For containers of intermediate volume, it is calculated according to linear interpolation.
  10. The cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is 1.5-2 S.
  11. The adobe cushion under the external chimney should be 50-70 mm thick - if the channel is made of a round pipe, the counting is from the lowest point. The thickness of the cushion under the chimney is halved if the bed is mounted on wooden floors.
  12. The thickness of the coating layer of the stove over the chimney duct is 0.25 D if the drum is from a 600 mm barrel, and 0.5 D if the drum is from a 300 mm cylinder. If you reduce the coating layer, the structure will cool faster after heating.
  13. The height of the external chimney pipe should be at least 4 meters.
  14. The length of the flue, on which the length of the stove depends: for a stove from a barrel - up to 6 m, for a stove from a cylinder - up to 4 m.

A long-burning rocket stove made from a 600 mm diameter barrel reaches a power of about 25 kW, and a heating rocket made from a 300 mm barrel reaches up to 15 kW. The power can be regulated only by the volume of fuel; such a stove does not have air regulation, since the additional flow disrupts the stove mode and provokes the release of gases into the room. Changing the position of the blower door regulates not the power, but the operating mode of the furnace.

Lining features

The quality of the riser's thermal insulation directly affects the efficiency of the heating unit. In our area, lightweight fireclay bricks ШЛ and river sand with an admixture of alumina are available for lining. The lining should have an external metal casing, otherwise the materials will quickly absorb carbon deposits and the furnace will roar during operation. The end of the lining is tightly covered with oven clay.


Proper execution of lining

When using hewn fireclay bricks, the remaining cavities are filled with sand. If only sand is used for lining, it is sifted to remove large debris and covered in layers - each approximately 1/7 of the height of the pipe. Each layer is compacted tightly and sprinkled with water to form a crust. The backfill must be dried for a week, and then the end must be covered with a layer of oven clay. Then the construction of the rocket furnace with your own hands continues according to the drawings.

Heating unit options

Setting up a rocket stove from a gas cylinder can also be done if you create a heater with a stove bench. The design is somewhat different from the one discussed above.

The changes concern:

  • flame tube length;
  • presence of thermal insulation of the vertical channel;
  • connecting a horizontal rather than vertical external chimney.

Rocket stove diagram
Pay attention! The expanded part of the external chimney is the ash pan, into which there must be access for cleaning - a metal door sealed with non-combustible material.

Due to the fact that the chimney channel can be made long and curved, the stove can easily be given an original shape.


Option for making a stove-bed with an original shape

The adobe coating, which acts as a heat accumulator, is made from a mixture of fatty clay with sand and chopped straw.

Principles of starting a stove

Important! Continuous combustion jet stoves are launched exclusively “on a warm pipe”.

Before loading standard fuel, kindle with paper, shavings, straw and other dry materials. lightweight materials, which are placed in an open ash pit. When the vertical channel warms up sufficiently, the hum of the furnace subsides or changes tone. This is a signal that the main fuel can be added; it will flare up from the booster.

A jet stove will not regulate itself, so the hopper lid of a small stove or the ash door of a stationary unit should be kept open until the standard fuel ignites and the stove hums. The door is closed, trying to reduce the sound to a “whisper”. When the sound of the stove increases again, close the door again a little more tightly. If the door slams shut, then lifting it can allow the fuel to burn normally.

A mobile rocket stove is a convenient travel option, undemanding in terms of fuel and economical. Stationary units, depending on the design and size, are used for heating residential and auxiliary premises.

Nowadays, many stoves have been created that use wood as fuel. A special place among them is occupied by the so-called rocket (rocket) units, which have specific features that are indispensable in certain operating conditions. Let's talk about them.

The rocket is a real miracle unit!

The rocket stove is a heating and cooking system that operates on wood, is famous for its high technical performance and has simple design. The operating principle of such a long-burning unit is based on the fact that the gases formed during fuel combustion enter a special bell, in which they burn completely. Due to this, the temperature of the stove increases significantly, and the pressure decreases. Moreover, soot does not form in the reactive heating system.

The combustion cycles of heated gases are repeated constantly (while the stove is heating). This causes the system to enter maximum thrust mode. Its specific value is determined by the characteristics of the homemade unit. If the heating device is assembled truly correctly, the temperature in its hood can reach 1200 °C. In this case, all the fuel used is burned without any residue. It is also important that the heated hood can be used as a hob. You can dry fruits, heat water, and cook food on it.

Initially, the stove we were interested in was designed for use in difficult (for example, camping) conditions. Because of this, special requirements were put forward for its design. The result is a unique unit that:

  • makes it possible to cook food in areas where there is no gas or electricity;
  • heats the room efficiently;
  • retains heat for 6–8 hours (minimum) after the wood burns out;
  • has a high efficiency;
  • quite safe to use.

In addition, the rocket has a design that allows you to add a new portion of firewood to the firebox without stopping the combustion process. The operation of a unit with such capabilities, of course, appeals to any person. This determines the high popularity of the described heating systems both among lovers of outdoor activities and among ordinary summer residents who need unpretentious and efficient stoves.

Important point. If you plan to create the simplest jet unit with your own hands, it can only be heated with dry wood. Damp wood can cause backdraft. However, it is not recommended to fire more complex rockets with wet wood, since they will not be able to provide the high temperature required for burning heated gases.

The described heating devices must not be thrown away without supervision. Light the stove, wait until the fuel burns out completely. Another disadvantage of rocket equipment is the impossibility of heating private baths (in particular, their steam rooms) with its help. This is due to the fact that the jet unit produces very little infrared heat, which is what is required for bathing procedures. Missiles probably have no other disadvantages.

Types of jet heating systems – what do you need?

The simplest rockets are made from almost any tin container. A portable stove can be made from a bucket, a can in which paint was stored, and so on. Such systems are ideal for an outdoor picnic; they are often used on construction sites. Simple stoves are not suitable for heating rooms. They are used exclusively for cooking and heating water. A rocket made from a bucket can be heated with a small splinter, dry cones and leaves, and bunches of branches. In such a stove, combustion products do not have time to form wood combustible gas. They immediately go down the chimney.

More complex heating structures are created from an old gas cylinder or from a metal barrel and brick. These stoves are necessarily equipped with a riser to increase draft and a horizontal smoke exhaust duct. There are also rockets made entirely of brick. They can be equipped with several chimneys at once and are used for heating large rooms and heating floors. And if you want, you can actually build even a full-fledged stove-bed.

We'll tell you how to do everything yourself specified types reactive heating devices. Let’s start our master class with the simplest thing - making a basic garden camping stove from two tin containers (buckets, cans). In addition to them, we will need steel clamps with a cross section of 10 cm, metal corners, an angle grinder, a stainless steel chimney pipe, scissors for metal, crushed stone. The scheme of work will be as follows:

  1. 1. Take two buckets. From a container of smaller volume (diameter) we make a lid for our rocket. Cut a hole in the bucket. It is necessary for organizing a chimney.
  2. 2. In the larger bucket, cut another hole at the bottom. We will connect the firebox to it. We perform all operations with metal scissors, bending the resulting petals (pieces of tin) inward.
  3. 3. We construct a direct flow from pipes and corners. We insert it into the bucket, and then, using a clamp, connect it with the curved petals.
  4. 4. Fill the space between the forward flow and the housing of the heating device with crushed stone. This building material will play the role of a heat accumulator and at the same time a heat insulator.
  5. 5. We put the second bucket on the stove.
  6. 6. We bend a small burner from wire on which you can place dishes with water and food.

It is advisable to paint the portable rocket with any paint with high level heat resistance. After drying, we can use a basic cooking stove. Pay attention! The rocket is ignited through a pipe extending from the forward flow.

A stove made of a barrel and bricks – both cooks and heats!

The construction of a stationary rocket launcher requires significantly more money and time. We prepare the following materials and tools: a metal chimney pipe, red (necessarily heat-resistant) brick, a shovel, an old barbecue, a metal brush, a trowel, cement and sand (it is better to immediately buy a ready-to-use mixture of these materials), reinforcing bars, a little perlite, adobe and expanded clay, heat-resistant paint, 200 liter barrel. Let's start building a stove made of bricks and a metal barrel:

  1. 1. We dig a hole 0.3–0.5 m deep in the floor. We will hide a horizontal chimney in it, without which the rocket launcher will not work.
  2. 2. We burn a 200-liter barrel and clean it thoroughly. We install a flange in the container that will connect it to the chimney. After this, apply several layers of heat-resistant paint to the container. We use the barrel prepared in this way as a hood for the heating unit.
  3. 3. We arrange the foundation. We make a simple formwork from boards, dig 2-3 bricks into the ground at the furnace installation site. We place reinforcing bars on top. Then we lay bricks in the lower part of the combustion chamber (along the entire perimeter). Fill the structure with cement-sand mortar.

After the filling has dried, we begin laying. It is performed using . We bring the first tier of masonry up. We only need to leave a hole for the firebox. On the second line we form a channel (lower) of the heating structure. It should be covered on the third tier, and in such a way that we have two holes left. One of them is intended for the vertical channel, the second - directly for the combustion chamber.

Next, we install a tee in the barrel to clean the chimney. It is not necessary to install it, but it is advisable if you plan to use the stove for a long time. After this we put in a vertical channel. We lay out the rising section of the structure (we take its diameter to be about 18 cm) using the “boot” technology. Then we put the old water heater on the rising part of the furnace. We fill all the voids that remain after this operation with perlite.

Now we cover the base of the casing of the rocket unit with clay and surround the base of our structure with sandbags. We fill all remaining free areas with expanded clay. We connect the chimney pipe to the structure, turn the barrel-casing over and pull it onto the ascending part of the stove. The final work is lining the chimney with sand in bags and filling them with expanded clay. Then we give the structure the required shape using clay (fireclay), install a barbecue grill in the neck of the homemade rocket and cover it with a lid.

The last step is to seal the existing seams on the stove. In principle, we can already do a test run of our design. But experts advise additionally connecting a separate air duct from the street to the stove. This is important. The heating rocket requires a lot of air to function properly. It won't be enough indoors. A street air duct is guaranteed to solve this problem.

Rocket heating from a cylinder - let's work with a welding machine

To build a rocket, we choose a heat-resistant and non-explosive cylinder. An all-metal 50-liter tank in which propane is stored is optimal for these purposes. Such a cylinder has standard sizes: height – 85 cm and cross-section – 30 cm.

These parameters are ideal for making your own oven. The modest size and light weight of the cylinder do not make it difficult to work with. At the same time, it is allowed to burn any wood fuel in the finished rocket. You can also take 27 or 12 liter propane cylinders. They make compact portable stoves. But power indicators similar devices small. Use them to heat rooms, country houses inappropriate.

To build a furnace, in addition to the cylinder, you will need:

  • steel pipes with a cross section of 15, 7 and 10 cm (the first two will be used to organize a vertical internal channel, the third - to the chimney);
  • profile pipe product 15x15 cm (we will make a loading compartment and firebox from it);
  • 3mm thick sheet of metal;
  • dense (100 or more kg/cubic m) basalt fiber (it will serve as a heat-insulating material).

There are various drawings on the Internet for creating a stove from a cylinder. We propose to be guided by this scheme.

The algorithm for manufacturing a rocket launcher is simple. First, we bleed all the gas from the container. Then we turn out the valve, fill the tank with water (to the top) and cut off its upper part along the seam. We cut out the windows on both sides of the gas cylinder, which are required for connecting the chimney and installing the fuel chamber.

After this, we insert the profile tubular product into the container and connect it to the channel (vertical). We remove the latter through the bottom of the tank. Next we do everything necessary actions, focusing on the presented drawing, as well as on the video that we offer home craftsmen for review.

At the end of the work, we weld the cut part of the container in its place and analyze all the resulting seams for permeability. Uncontrolled entry of air into the constructed structure must not be allowed. If the seams are reliable, we connect a chimney to the homemade system. We weld the legs to the bottom of the rocket cylinder. We install the stove on a steel sheet with parameters of 1.5x1 m. The unit is ready for use!

Stove-bed - for lovers of special comfort

The heating unit with a place to sleep and rest is equipped with a special heat exchanger. Its channels are interconnected. They make them from non-combustible materials. The heat exchanger is installed under the plane of the bed. The design of such a furnace is very thoughtful and relatively complex. The bed itself is a surface made of brick or stone and clay. When the stove burns, the heated gas moves through the heat exchange channels, gives off heat upward, and then is removed through the smoke exhaust duct outside the house. The height of the chimney is made within 3–3.5 m. The stove is mounted at the edge of the stove bench (on one side). In most cases, it is equipped with a surface for cooking food. A detailed drawing of this system is presented below.

Elements of the furnace in the diagram:

  • blower - 1a;
  • fuel bunker – 1b;
  • channel for secondary air - 1c;
  • flame tube – 1g;
  • riser (primary chimney) – 1d.

The fuel chamber is equipped with a blank cover, and the blower is equipped with a special regulator for adjusting the amount of air supplied. The flame tube has a length of 15–20 cm. The secondary air channel is necessary for complete combustion of gases. The riser cross-section is 7–10 cm. A chimney with a diameter of 10 cm is recommended for cases when we want to obtain the greatest rocket power. A riser with a cross-section of 7 cm provides an optimal indicator of the efficiency of the stove. The fire pipe and the primary chimney require high-quality thermal insulation.

We will make the rocket body from a gas cylinder, although we can also use metal barrel. Under the housing cover (2a), the primary chimney supplies heated air, and the heated gases leaving the riser heat the cooking device (2b). Other body elements:

  • lower part (2d);
  • heat exchange channels (2g);
  • shell – metal chimney insulation (2c);
  • exit to the cleaning chamber (2e).

The smoke exhaust line must be absolutely sealed throughout. At a height of 1/3 from the upper end of the drum (housing), the gases are already at a low temperature. They have time to cool down. From approximately the specified height, the rocket-bed is lined (all the way to the floor). This process refers to the thermal insulation of the furnace with special compounds. The second cleaning chamber in diagram (3a) is needed to remove carbon deposits from the hog (4) - the heat exchanger. It must be equipped with a sealed door (3b). Now that we have figured out the design of the bed, we can begin to build it.

Building a rocket with a place to sleep - the first steps are the most important!

Before starting work, mix all the necessary ingredients:

  • Kiln clay (designation 5b in the diagram), which is combined with crushed stone. This composition plays the role of the main heat insulator.
  • Saman (5a). It is a composition of straw and any clay at hand, diluted with water to a relatively thick consistency.
  • Seeded sand (5g).
  • Heat-resistant lining (5v). It is made from equal parts of fireclay sand and clay.
  • Medium fat clay (5d). It is used for rocket laying.

We are making a bed for our bed. Essentially, we need to knock down high-strength shields under the stove bench and directly under the stove. The frame of the buildings is made from 10x10 cm wooden blocks. The frame cells are made with dimensions of 60x120 cm (for a bed) and 60x90 cm (for a heating installation). Then we sheathe the resulting skeleton with 4 cm. And the façade of the couch can be finished later with sheets of plasterboard.

Before installation, it is advisable to treat wood products with Biocide, and then apply two layers of water emulsion to them.

We lay 4 mm thick basalt cardboard on the floor where we will place the heating rocket. In shape and geometric parameters, it must be similar to the characteristics of the bed. We install an iron roofing sheet on top of the basalt lining. Before the firebox, it will extend about 25 cm from under the unit. We install the previously made bed in the place prepared for it. We punch a hole on the wall at a height of 13 cm above the level of the couch (at one of its ends). It is needed for the installation of a chimney.

The next stage is the installation of formwork around the perimeter of the bed and filling the installed structure with adobe. Carefully level the surface of the mixture using the rule. We wait 14–20 days until the adobe hardens. During this time, you can make the body of the heating structure from a gas cylinder according to the previously described scheme. We weld the combustion components of the rocket (blower, flame channel, chamber) into a single structure with a gas container and coat it with a heat-resistant lining. Important! Apply the composition in a continuous layer only at the bottom. We do not treat the top and sides of the structure with the solution.

Next, we install another formwork under the area where the rocket will stand. It will allow us to make heat-resistant thermal protection for the stove. The height of the formwork structure is about 10 cm. Fill it with a mixture of crushed stone and oven clay. Then we do one by one:

  1. 1. Shell. We bend it from a sheet of steel or use a ready-made pipe with a cross-section of 15–20 cm.
  2. 2. Furnace structure.
  3. 3. Cleaning chamber. This element is made from 1.5 mm galvanized steel. We cut an opening on the side with a cross-section of 16–18 cm. The chimney pipe will subsequently fit into it.

Completion of work - the warm bed will turn out great!

We put a drum from a gas cylinder on the primary chimney. We place oven clay on the bottom of the installed housing, using a spatula to form an inclined surface (about 7°), which is directed towards the cleaning compartment window. Then we put a metal round timber on the chimney. It should be pressed into the clay composition. Then we pull the shell onto the riser and coat it with medium-fat clay. The next steps are:

  1. 1. We line the chimney from the inside. We use sand. It should be covered in separate layers. We wet and tamp each of them. Total number layers – 7. Place 5 cm of medium-fat clay on top of the sand.
  2. 2. Place a cleaning box, coating its bottom and side surfaces with clay. We mount the opening of the transition channel into the hole of the drum and press it as hard as possible. We fill all remaining gaps with clay. It is necessary to achieve complete tightness of this stove unit.
  3. 3. We install another formwork along the (external) contour of the bed. It should rise above the edge of the hole for the hog by about 9 cm. Fill the formwork with adobe mixture.
  4. 4. We stretch the corrugated pipe along the entire length of the rocket-bed. We connect one end of the corrugated product to the cleaning compartment.
  5. 5. We lay the fixed corrugated pipe in a spiral and insert its second end into the chimney outlet opening, securing the joint with a clay compound.
  6. 6. We treat the entire length of the bur with adobe solution and compact this coating.
  7. 7. We fix the housing covers and cleaning chambers with bolts, under which we install rubber gaskets.
  8. 8. Coat the drum with adobe (don’t touch only the top part) with a layer of about 10 cm.

After about 17 days, the adobe will dry out. We will be able to remove the formwork and apply a special enamel to the drum that can withstand heating up to 750 °C. Then experts advise treating the adobe surface with acrylic-based varnish (preferably in two layers). This coating will protect the structure from moisture and make the stove very attractive in appearance.

The heated bed is done. We test our structure before starting its full operation. The check is carried out simply. We put some paper in the firebox, set it on fire, and monitor the behavior of the rocket. If everything is fine - there are no frightening sounds, we add firewood. After a while the unit will begin to hum. At this moment, close the oven vent. We are waiting. When the humming is replaced by a gentle whisper ( soft sound working stove), open the vent. Next, we use the heating installation for its intended purpose.

Boiler topics homemade stoves and heating equipment are always popular at FORUMHOUSE. This is not surprising. Indeed, due to the constant rise in energy prices, difficulties and high costs of connecting to main gas, many are thinking about looking for an alternative to “blue fuel”.

Despite the large selection of ready-made factory products, our enthusiasts create their own heating system designs. Of particular interest is a solid fuel boiler built by a user of our portal with the nickname Perelesnik. He attracted increased attention, because Its operation is based on the operating principle of a rocket stove. In this material we will talk about the main stages of boiler development preceding its construction.

How it all started

Before moving on to the technical features of the boiler, it is worth focusing on the background of its construction.

Perelesnik User FOUMHOUSE

My house has gas installed, but I periodically thought about switching to solid fuel. The only thing stopping us was that gas heating was profitable, and switching to firewood turned out to be unprofitable. I heated the house with a 7 kW electrode boiler, working in conjunction with an air conditioner, which was used “for heating”. During severe frosts, the house was additionally heated with a gas-fired boiler. And now gas prices have risen...

It was the increase in gas prices that was the event that led to the development of the rocket boiler.

Before you go and immediately buy “something” called a “solid fuel boiler”, Perelesnik started studying the subject. He familiarized himself with the list of equipment offered in stores, looked at how his neighbors’ boilers worked, understood what the most common problems arise, and studied reviews on the Internet.

After brainstorming, a list of requirements appeared that the device must meet - from the point of view Perelesnik:

  • Possibility of stable operation at power from 2 to 20 kW. This is due to the peculiarities of the climate in the region where the forum member lives. In winter, the temperature can stay around 0°C for a month, and then drop sharply to -25...30°C for a week. In the autumn-spring period the temperature is within +5…+10°C. Because the house also needs to be heated in the off-season, but the boiler does not require maximum power, you need a “flexibly” adjustable device.
  • The boiler must be “omnivorous”, i.e. Everything that can burn should burn in the firebox - firewood, fuel briquettes, coal, waste, etc., including wet fuel.
  • The design of the boiler should provide for the laying of logs with a diameter of up to 20 cm. This will reduce the need for chopping firewood.
  • Must work from night to morning on one load of fuel. In severe frost, the number of full fuel loads should not exceed three.
  • Complete energy independence. The device should work without the need to connect it to electrical network. In the event of a wire break or power outage, the operation of the circulation pump (it must pump the coolant) is ensured by a backup power system.

The heating system is selected depending on the climatic conditions of your residence, heat loss at home, the availability of a particular type of fuel, and energy prices in your region.

Also among the main requirements for the boiler were:

  • high efficiency, simple and inexpensive chimney design;
  • slight formation of soot and deposits (which means there is no need for frequent cleaning of the boiler and its operating efficiency increases);
  • safety of boiler operation under any operating conditions, heat resistance of components;
  • possibility of additional loading of firewood during operating mode;
  • ease of operation of the boiler when installed in a residential area;
  • light weight and dimensions.

The most interesting thing is that all these requirements were planned to be “fitted” into the budget, not exceeding 500 dollars excluding labor costs.

It is enough to just superficially familiarize yourself with the requirements to understand that finding a solid fuel boiler that meets all the items on the list is not an easy task. That's why Perelesnik I decided to go two ways:

  1. Try to find a finished factory product.
  2. If unsuccessful, copy the design of the finished boiler and make it yourself.

During the search and further study of information, both options disappeared. Because of technical features: “capriciousness” of working with “wet” wood, inability to work at low power, etc. Long-burning pyrolysis boilers were not suitable. We were also not happy with the “homemade products” found on the World Wide Web. The third option remained - on the basis of my knowledge and acquired experience, to develop the design of a solid fuel boiler “for myself.”

Rocket boiler - theory

During my search Perelesnik came across a rocket stove, and this design “hooked” him.

Perelesnik

The rocket stove attracted me because it does not require any special chimney to operate; one might say that it is not needed at all. The rocket stove has excellent thrust, and without the use of any fans. Its design ensures high-temperature afterburning of furnace gases. It is not demanding on fuel quality and operates efficiently at different power levels.

All that was left to do was to make a boiler out of the stove. Looking ahead, let’s say that almost a year passed from the idea to the implementation of the furnace “into metal”. This included several months of searching for the optimal design, calculations, and experiments. It took three months to actually make the boiler, but the result was worth it.

We managed to make a device that met almost all the requirements on the list (except that additional fuel can be loaded only when the previous batch burns down to the state of coals). Moreover, it was possible meet the planned budget, although “stainless steel” was used for the construction of the internal parts and parts of the boiler and homemade heat-resistant ceramics were used.

Perelesnik developed a diagram that clearly shows the operating principle of his boiler.

To understand why a rocket furnace was chosen as the basis for the boiler, it is worth focusing on the theoretical part.

Rocket stoves are well known. They are built by enthusiasts and DIYers all over the world. The simplicity of their design, the ability to do without the use of expensive materials, and the great variability of such stoves are captivating. A rocket stove can be either a small one - a camp stove (they cook food on them), made from pieces metal pipes and cans.

And also large, heating, with a massive heat accumulator and a built-in bed. This “rocket” fits perfectly into the design of a modern cottage.

According to Perelesnik, The book by American authors “Rocket Furnaces” provided great assistance in the development of his boiler. It clearly, and most importantly – simply and intelligibly – explains basic principles independent construction of rocket furnaces. From this book the main dimensions and proportions of the “heart” of the rocket boiler were also borrowed - the so-called. "J-tubes".

Perelesnik

The “rocket” creates excellent conditions for combustion. Fuel and furnace gases burn completely. The resulting heat is not “taken away” until all reactions are completed, and only then is it used.

The advantages and disadvantages of the “rocket” are derived from the features of its design. At the rocket furnace, due to long vertical and an additional insulated channel, the length of the path that the furnace gases travel increases.

Gases, while passing through an elongated channel, mix with already heated air and acquire a temperature that in the best possible way promotes all combustion processes. Carbon is also burned, which, if not burned, is deposited in the form of soot.

The high efficiency of the “rocket” is ensured by the fact that wood is burned, which is released during the thermal decomposition of solid fuel (so-called pyrolysis).

Due to the large temperature difference that occurs at the inlet and outlet of the vertical pipe channel, a powerful natural draft arises. Accordingly, there will be no need to build a high chimney, which provides draft in conventional stoves.

It should be noted that the gases entering the smoke channel have a high temperature. To prevent the energy generated by the furnace from going down the drain, you need to take away some of this heat. To do this, a stove bench is attached to the rocket stove, into which flue gases are released through horizontally laid brick channels. It turns out to be a heat accumulator. The second option is to add a jacket to the stove. From here it’s already a stone’s throw to a solid fuel boiler.

Pushing off from this base, Perelesnik I decided that we needed to make a boiler that operated on the same principle as a rocket stove.

Imagine the situation: to heat a room at home or cook food, you need to quickly build a simple wood-burning stove. Fuel quality and consumption are secondary. A suitable option is a homemade rocket stove made from scrap materials. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the design of the heater and the assembly process at home.

Design and principle of operation

The rocket stove shown in the diagram consists of the following main elements:

  • a bunker for storing firewood of a vertical or inclined design;
  • horizontal combustion chamber;
  • pipe with lining - afterburner (the second common name is riser);
  • a metal cap that plays the role of an air heat exchanger;
  • blower;
  • chimney channel.

In operation, the stove uses 2 principles: the occurrence of natural draft inside the vertical section and the combustion of wood (pyrolysis) gases. The first is realized due to the heating of the firebox and waste combustion products tending to rise through the afterburner channel. The released pyrolysis gases burn out in it.

Reference. The name rocket or jet stove is associated precisely with the principle of operation - a powerful natural draft arises in the vertical channel, causing intense combustion in the firebox and the release of heat.

The stove operation algorithm is as follows:

  1. Firewood loaded into the bunker is set on fire from below. The air supply is provided through the blower hatch.
  2. During the combustion process, flue gases heat up the insulated walls of the afterburner and rush under a thin metal hood, where they give off most of the heat to the room air.
  3. With a sufficient amount of secondary air, pyrolysis gases have time to burn inside the riser, releasing additional heat.
  4. Combustion products are discharged directly into the chimney or first sent into the smoke circulation of the stove bench.

Options for portable stoves "Robinson"

In a simplified camping version, the stove is made without a hood and insulation. Accordingly, secondary gases do not burn completely, since they have time to fly out into the chimney. A small-sized portable heater, called “Robinson”, is designed for quick cooking using fuel of any quality and degree of humidity.

Requirements for element sizes

The main heat exchange element of the rocket stove is a metal cap; the intensity of heating a room in the house depends on its size. In stationary structures made of brick, a 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 60 cm is usually used. Portable versions are made from standard gas cylindersØ300 mm.

Diagram of a rocket heater with a stove bench

Accordingly, the remaining dimensions depend on the dimensions of the barrel - diameter and cross-sectional area:

  • the height of the cap is provided to be 1.5-2 times the diameter;
  • the cross-sectional area of ​​the afterburner is 5-6.5% of the diameter of the barrel;
  • the length of the riser is made such that there is a minimum gap of 7 cm between the upper cut of the pipe and the cover;
  • the internal size of the firebox is equal to the cross-section of the afterburner, the ash duct is half as large;
  • chimney diameter is 1.5-2 times larger than the afterburner cross-section, height is at least 4 m.

To make it easier for you to calculate the diameters of pipes and linings, we present a drawing for various options rocket stoves - from a cylinder, barrel and old buckets (the riser is made of a round or profile pipe).

We make a stove - a rocket

The easiest way to make a light camping stove, shown in the drawing, is to find household the following materials:

  • round steel pipe with a diameter of 133-150 mm and a length of 0.5 m;
  • profile pipe 14 x 20 cm, length 0.4 m;
  • sheet of metal 2-3 mm thick for grates;
  • rod Ø8-10 mm for legs;
  • scraps of iron for the stand.

A vertical round pipe is welded to the profile at an angle of 45°, then eyes for the legs are attached to the body (they should be easily removed). A grate is placed inside the inclined firebox, and a lid is attached to the outside. To make it easier to clean the ash below, it is advisable to install a second door.

Advice. Be sure to weld a stand to the upper edge of the fire channel - gases must penetrate between the bottom of the dish and the body, otherwise “rocket” thrust will not occur.

Drawing of an improved version of the portable stove

The design of the furnace can be improved by organizing the supply of secondary air inside the flame tube. Modernization will increase the efficiency and duration of firewood burning. Drill holes on both sides on both sides, covering them with rocket “nozzles” according to the presented drawing. How this stove functions is demonstrated in the video:

From a gas cylinder

The following materials will be used to make a do-it-yourself rocket stove:

  • pipes round section transverse dimensions 70 and 150 mm; with a wall thickness of 4 mm;
  • square corrugated pipe 150-200 mm in diameter;
  • chimney pipe Ø10-15 cm;
  • low-carbon steel (grade St20) sheet;
  • dense basalt wool (80-120 kg/m3) or bulk fire-resistant materials, for example, vermiculite or perlite gravel.

To begin, cut the rolled metal into blanks in accordance with the drawing. Then you need to saw off the lid of the propane tank, after unscrewing the valve and filling the tank to the top with water. The tool is an ordinary grinder with a metal circle.

Further assembly technology is as follows:


The master will tell you in detail about the manufacture of a rocket stove from a cylinder in the video:

Made of brick

The simplest rocket stove for cooking can be built from bricks without using mortar, as shown in the diagram with the order. Such a structure can be easily disassembled and moved if necessary.

The rocket stove with a stove bench must be placed on a foundation made of concrete or rubble stone. Material – ceramic or fire brick, sand-clay or fireclay mortar, respectively. The finished base is covered with roofing felt for waterproofing, then a continuous first row of bricks is laid. The further work order looks like this:


Important. The construction is carried out in compliance with the rules of stove masonry, described.

The length of the smoke channels inside the stove is limited by the draft in the rocket stove and the external chimney. It is better to keep the total length of the flue pipes within 4 m. To prevent the heater from smoking back into the room, raise the top of the chimney to a height of 5 m, counting from the grate. How to build brick stove– a rocket without a barrel, look at the video:

In conclusion - the pros and cons of the stove

Such structures are indeed made quickly, and the contractor does not necessarily have to be highly qualified. The first and main advantage of rocket-type furnaces is their simplicity and undemanding use of materials. In addition, they accept a variety of fuels well - raw firewood, branches, brushwood, and so on.

Now about the negative points:


For the above reasons, a rocket heater is extremely inconvenient for a garage, where it is necessary to heat the room quite quickly. But the hiking option is indispensable in nature at any time of the year.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

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