How to coat a stove with fireclay clay. What and how to cover the stove so that it does not crack from the heat? What causes defects

How to plaster a stove so that it does not crack during everyday use? This question arises for those home owners who have just acquired this heating device, and in cases when the time has come to repair a stove that was built a long time ago.

It should be noted that cracking most often occurs when there are violations in the technology of the plastering process or in the preparation of the surface for applying the finish, as well as due to improper preparation of the solution.

For plastering brick walls ovens use traditional sand-clay mortars and professionally prepared plaster mixtures, which can be bought today in any construction or specialized store.

But whatever type of plaster is chosen, it must meet certain requirements, such as heat resistance, high adhesion and an adequate response to the expansion of the wall material when heated.

Why plaster the stove at all?

In what cases and why are stoves plastered? The answer to this question is no less important than the first, since, having learned it, you can understand whether this process is worth carrying out at all, or whether you can leave the stove without finishing, or decorate its walls with ceramic or fireclay tiles.

Reasons that require finishing walls with plaster include:

If the stove is old and was previously plastered, but for some reason the finishing cracked and began to fall off, and sloppy masonry was discovered underneath.
If the stove is old and there is a danger of cracking of the masonry mortar in the seams and penetration carbon monoxide into the room.
If there is a need to transform this structure, giving it neatness and aesthetics, for example, when updating the entire interior and changing its design style.
Over time, various insects can take up residence in the seams between rows of bricks, especially in cases where the masonry was made using natural materials. Timely processing and plastering will help prevent their occurrence.
If the stove has just been erected, but the masonry is done sloppily, without jointing, and the structure does not look aesthetically pleasing, plaster will help correct this situation.

The advantage of plaster over other finishing materials:

It should be noted that plastering the stove is the most affordable and in a simple way tidy up the oven surfaces.
By choosing plaster for wall decoration, you can save a lot, since the price of ceramic tiles or stove tiles is several orders of magnitude higher than the price of plaster mixture.
Plastering can be applied to any of existing species stoves, moreover, both for restoration old stove, and for finishing newly built ones.
Plaster increases the thickness of the wall, which increases the heat capacity of the building and leads to fuel savings, since the stove takes longer to cool down.
Plaster increases the level of fire safety and reduces the possibility of carbon monoxide entering the room.
The plastered surface can be coated with paint water based, whitewash or decorative plasters.

Tools for getting the job done

The quality of plaster application and its ideal distribution on the surface of the furnace walls directly affects the adhesion of materials and longevity operation. To make the plastering process easy and bring the expected result, you need to carry it out quality tools, which include:

Spatulas - from medium for taking the solution from the container, to wide, used for applying it to the wall.
Plaster hammer used for driving plaster nails.
Trowel (trowel) for applying and distributing mortar on stove walls.
A cam hammer used to work with chisels, trojans and gears.
Standard scissors for cutting fiberglass mesh. If the walls are covered with chain-link mesh, then metal scissors will also be required.
Grater and grater. These tools are used to level and smooth plastered surfaces.
The trowel is used to bring the surface to perfect smoothness.
Chisel. Using this tool, notches are made on the surface of the furnace walls for better adhesion of materials.
Brushes different sizes for applying primer compositions, and when using some techniques - both the plaster itself and to give it a textured surface, if provided.
Brush with metal bristles - for cleaning surfaces and seams when removing old plaster.
Construction level for checking the verticality and horizontality of planes.
A plumb line is used to control the evenness of walls and applied plaster.
The rule helps to align the plaster applied to the walls according to the beacons installed on them.

Types of plaster solutions

As you know, the oven is exposed to constant temperature changes, so the plaster layer must be resistant to this phenomenon. When making up the solution yourself and selecting the proportions of materials, you must take this into account.

The most important point is the composition of the plaster mortar

Plaster mixtures can be simple or complex:

Simple are compounds consisting of two ingredients - clay and sand.
Complex solutions are those that contain more than two components.

Before making the mixture, some of the materials need to be prepared by cleaning them from various impurities:

The sand must be sifted through a fine sieve.
The clay is also rubbed through a fine metal mesh, turning it into powder and freeing it from plant roots and small stones.

The clay for making the plaster mixture is chosen to be quite fatty, since this quality will directly affect the adhesion of the plaster and the wall. If excessive fat content of the clay is noticeable, a little more sand can be added to the solution.

Before mixing the solution, the clay is soaked by mixing with water. Next, it is left for several hours. If during this time it has absorbed all the water, then more liquid is added, and so on until the water covers the clay from above by 100 ÷ 150 mm. After this, the mixture is mixed - it should have the consistency of thick sour cream and have good plasticity.

Prices for heat-resistant plaster

plaster for stoves and fireplaces

Video: tips for properly soaking clay for mortar

Asbestos, which is added to the solution, plays the role of a reinforcing component. Instead of asbestos, hemp, finely chopped straw or shredded glass fiber (microfiber) can be used.

It should be noted that for plaster compositions It is better to choose natural, environmentally friendly materials that, when heated, will not emit harmful fumes that are unsafe for the health of the residents of the house.

Some craftsmen add salt to the solution and explain this by saying that it makes the solution stronger. However, this is not entirely true. Salt does not strengthen the clay, but it increases its hygroscopicity, which makes it more plastic, preventing it from drying out, so the plaster cracks less. In addition, salt plaster does not harbor various insects, which is also very important for a private home.

The table below shows several recipes for plaster mortars for stoves.

Composition Number	Clay	Sand	Fluffed asbestos	Lime	Cement	Gypsum
1	1	2	0.1	-	-	-
2	1	2	0.1	1	-	-
3	1	2	0.1	-	1	-
4	1	1	0.2	2	-	1
5	1	1	0.2	2	-	-
6	-	1	0.1	2	-	1

Separately, it is necessary to say about such a material as gypsum, which is one of the components of some plaster solutions. For example, in mixture No. 4, it is used instead of cement as a fastening agent. Gypsum hardens very quickly, it sets almost immediately after application to the wall, and after 10 ÷ 15 minutes the plaster layer using it will already harden.

This building material is often used together with lime, as it gives strength to the solution and promotes rapid drying. But, having chosen a solution with the addition of gypsum, you need to take into account its properties and prepare small portions of the mixture, otherwise it will harden and will be unsuitable for work. It is definitely not possible to extend its “life” even for a short time by diluting it with water.

We plaster the stove with our own hands

Preparatory work

Plastering will not be of high quality if the surface of the furnace walls is not well prepared for applying the finishing material. Therefore, the first step is to make preparatory work that will create good conditions for adhesion of plaster mortar.

If an old stove or fireplace is being tidied up, then its surface must be freed from the plaster present on it, knocking it down manually using a chisel and hammer. After the walls are freed from the old layer, they are well cleaned of dust - this process is carried out with an iron and ordinary brush.
The fresh masonry of the stove must also be cleaned, since the remains of masonry material may linger on the bricks, which will reduce adhesion, which will lead to the plaster falling away from the wall.
Next comes the deepening of the seams, and this is carried out both for a new stove and for a restored one. Dry mortar from the joints is selected to 5 ÷ 10 mm. Then the seams are well cleaned of dust.
After cleaning, the walls are primed well, and it is necessary to cover the buried seams with a thin brush.

Sometimes it is necessary to apply several layers of plaster - this need arises if the walls of the furnace are very uneven. This method of plastering requires additional reinforcement of the surface with a metal or fiberglass mesh with cells of 15 ÷ 20 mm. Reinforcement will secure the plaster well on the walls and make it less vulnerable to temperature changes. In addition, a thicker layer will increase the heat capacity of the oven. Metal mesh attached to the surface using nails with wide hats, which driven into the seams between bricks.

The fiberglass mesh is embedded in oncarried the mixture is applied to the wall, or the solution is placed on top of the mesh, leveling it. Fiberglass is mainly used if the surface is fairly smooth.

To maintain or restore the evenness of the corners of the stove, steel or perforated aluminum corners are mounted on them with an adhesive mass.

In order to achieve evenness of the wall with large differences, beacons made of metal profiles are placed on top of the reinforcing mesh, fixed to the surface with a gypsum mixture that dries quickly, which practically does not slow down the work. If time is of the essence, then the beacons can be placed on a clay solution. But this method is possible if the mesh is adjacent to the wall.

The walls of the stove can be leveled to perfect smoothness for whitewashing or painting, or the surface can be left smooth, but rough, to be covered with decorative relief plaster. It should be noted that under the masonry ceramic tiles or decorative plaster, it is recommended to apply a not too thick preparatory finishing layer.

There are various ready-made formulations or additives that help imitate natural stone different breeds. In this case, the surface of the furnace, with the correct composition of the solution, will be impossible to distinguish from natural material.

The table shows the recipe for preparing decorative plaster solutions.

Component sucking of decorative plasters that imitate texture natural stone, in parts by volume
Material	White marble	Yellow marble	Red marble	Gray granite	Labradorite
Portland cement M400	1	1	1	1	1
Lime dough	0.2	0.15	0.1	0.1	-
Marble flour	0.1	0.05	0.1	0.1	-
Marble chips up to 6 mm in size	3	3	3	3	3
Mica (based on cement volume)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paint (based on cement volume), %	-	Ocher 3 ÷ 5	Iron minium 5÷10	Manganese peroxide 1÷5	Manganese peroxide 6÷8

Preparation of plaster mixture

A solution prepared in correct proportion and well mixed - this is one of the factors on which high-quality plastering of the stove depends. To mix the mixture you will need a drill and a mixer attachment.

Before you start cooking, you need to consider some points:

Soaked clay, if it is used in a solution, must swell for at least two to three days. If, after standing for this time, it continues to absorb water, then it is not ready for kneading and you should add more water to it and leave it to swell for a while.
The sand added to the solution must not only be sifted, but also dried - this will help in maintaining the correct proportions when preparing the mixture.
Lime will be a good plasticizer for the solution - its viscosity will make the mixture more adhesive. In addition, it will help the solution to set quickly enough, which will shorten the work period. In principle, a small amount of it is recommended to be added to mixtures consisting of any ingredients.
The most suitable grade of cement is M400. It begins to harden 17 ÷ 20 minutes after mixing, sets in 3.5 ÷ 4 hours, and its final hardening and strength gain occurs after two ÷ three days.

If you purchase a ready-made dry mixture, it is easy to prepare:

In a clean container, suitable size water is pouring in.
Then the powder is poured into the container, the proportions of which in relation to water are indicated on the packaging.
Using a mixer, the solution is mixed until homogeneous mass without lumps and dry inclusions.
The solution is kept for 7 ÷ 10 minutes, then mixed again, and after that it is ready for use.

If the solution for plastering will be prepared independently, using traditional materials, then the process is carried out as follows:

The required amount of clay mass is laid out in the container. Dry sand, slaked lime and cement are added to it in accordance with the specified proportions.
The mixture is also mixed with a mixer until smooth. If necessary, a small amount of water is added to the solution during the mixing process.

This solution is used immediately, since the cement and lime set quickly enough.

Plastering process

As mentioned above, the plastering process can take place in different ways, some of them will be discussed below.

First way

This method is used if there are large distortions on the surface, and it requires radical leveling by applying a layer with a thickness of 50 to 80 mm.

In this option, the first step is to attach the leveling beacons. They are set to the building level, achieving perfect evenness.

After this, the oven is heated until warm.
Next, the entire surface of the oven is wetted with water using a wide brush or roller. Water will drive particles of dust and dry mortar into the seams.
After this, the walls are primed. The primer layer must dry, creating a layer that will promote adhesion of the surface and the applied materials.

Sketch of the solution, or “spray”

Next, by “spraying” (sketching), the first plaster layer is applied, which should not be thicker than 4 ÷ 5 mm. The solution for this layer should have the consistency of medium-liquid sour cream. The mixture is applied with accentuated movements, since the solution must get into the seams between the masonry rows. After completing the sketch, the solution is allowed to dry thoroughly.
After it dries, the next layer is applied, which should protrude above the installed beacons by 8 ÷ 10 mm. The solution is applied from the bottom of the wall, approximately 400 ÷ 500 mm, and is immediately leveled using the rule that follows the beacons. Next, the solution is poured onto next section and leveled again and so on until the entire surface is covered with a leveling plaster layer.

While the mixture is still wet, carefully rub it with grout, sanding the surface.

Stove-makers have one secret that promotes uniform drying of the plaster layer, which reduces the risk of cracks appearing on its surface. The entire oven, after applying the mortar and sanding, is covered with damp burlap. If it dries quickly, it is moistened one or two more times.

When the surface has dried, the matting is removed, and if cracks are found, they are immediately rubbed and smoothed with a smoothing iron with a rubber surface.

The third layer, the “covering”, is a smoothing layer, so the solution for it is made quite liquid and applied with a thickness of only 1.5 ÷ 2 mm. This layer is applied if the surface of the oven is to be covered with paint or whitewash.
Difficulty always arises when drawing out corners, even if they are reinforced metal corners. The easiest way to apply the solution evenly and level it well is to use an angled spatula.

Prices for corner spatulas

corner spatula

To create a corner, some craftsmen use a wooden strip on one side of it, and after the applied solution has dried, they move the strip to the other side of the corner and apply the mixture to the one where the guide was installed earlier.

It is recommended to round the very edge of the corner, which can be achieved by using a corner spatula. This must be done, first of all, for the safety of small children living in the house. Also, a rounded corner is less susceptible to chipping, for example, during repairs and moving furniture.

Second way

When using this method of putting the oven in order, a metal mesh is used, which reinforces the surface of the oven and sets the thickness of the plaster coating.

Metal mesh and level the surface, moving it away from the wall in in the right places at a distance of up to 25 mm. For rigidity, a wire is placed under it, which can be hooked onto the mesh itself or metal slats.

In this method, the plaster mixture is also applied in several layers until the mesh underneath is completely covered.

Finishing using such reinforcement is more durable and securely fixed to the surface.

The first layer is also applied using the “spray” method - the solution must pass through the mesh and adhere well to the wall. Having sprayed this surface, the walls are left to dry. After they dry, the mesh will become motionless, and it will be easy to apply subsequent, leveling layers of the solution over it.
After leveling and drying the top, last layer, the resulting cracks are covered and rubbed.
The next stage is the installation of the decorative coating.

Third way

The third method of plastering is used if the walls of the furnace are quite smooth and they only need to be “refreshed” a little.

The solution for this method is applied in one or two layers with a thickness of no more than 2 ÷ 3 mm.

The wall is also prepared and primed.
Then, if necessary, thin metal guide rails, which will help you navigate the thickness of the layer. Slats may not be used if the surface is flat and there is no need for them.
With this finishing method, it is best to use a solution with the addition of fireclay clay and crushed asbestos, which will act as a reinforcing component.
The mixture is applied starting from the bottom of the oven using a wide spatula, and immediately leveled with a rule along the metal slats. If beacons are not used, then the solution is smoothed, focusing only on the evenness of the surface.
In this case, the corners are also drawn out using a corner spatula.
When the walls of the oven are completely covered with mortar, they are carefully smoothed out with grout without pressing.

It is good to lay ceramic or fireclay tiles on this finish, as well as apply decorative relief plaster.

Decorative design of the stove

Decorative finishing of the stove can be done to suit every taste. If the plaster turns out smooth, then bake can be covered with whitewash - this method can be called traditional, since it has been used for a long time. Whitewash was often painted with water-based paints, which gave the room originality and emphasized national traditions. Most often, ornaments were chosen that were characteristic of the area where the building was located.

Today, with the advent of new technologies and materials, the stove is often decorated with plasters that can create patterns on the surface that imitate one of the types of stone or a uniform relief structure.

There are other elements of three-dimensional drawings - in this case everything will depend on the imagination of the master. To create them, improvised objects are often used, for example, plastic film, brush, brush, mesh for cleaning dishes and other materials or accessories.

If you have a predisposition to creativity, from decorative plaster you can create relief compositions that protrude beyond the walls of the furnace even by 7 ÷ 10 mm, and then cover them with coloring compounds. Paints are applied over damp decorative plaster - then they are well absorbed into its surface and become more durable. After the entire surface has dried, painting can be done one more time.

In addition to decorative plaster, the stove is often decorated with terracotta or ceramic tiles. The availability of corner finishing elements on sale greatly simplifies its installation and makes it possible to make corners and all surfaces neat and aesthetically pleasing. The tiles are mounted on a special cement-based adhesive composition that has the ability to withstand the effects of temperature changes.

Video: plastering a stove followed by finishing with terracotta tiles

What do you need to consider when starting plastering and finishing?

When plastering a stove, you need to take into account some points that may affect the quality of the work performed.

You cannot apply plaster to a newly erected stove structure. A “fresh” stove should not only be well dried, but also go through the stages of shrinkage. To do this, it is used for two to three months, and only after this period can finishing work begin.

To paint a plastered surface, only water-based paints can be used. Other coloring compounds containing drying oil or organic solvents will be released into the living quarters when the furnace is fired. harmful substances and unpleasant odors.

For all plastering and decorative design For furnaces, it is recommended to use natural-based materials, without any synthetic additives that are unfavorable to human health.

It should be noted that all the methods discussed in the article are not as easy to implement as they seem at first glance. Therefore, when complete absence experience in this work, you should not take risks and translate enough, sometimes expensive, materials. It is better to entrust these important activities to real professionals who know first-hand the secrets of masonry and subsequent finishing of the stove.

Evgeniy Afanasyeveditor-in-chief

Author of the publication 28.08.2015

The simplest oven in village house serves as both heating and cooking area. But even the highest quality stove can begin to deteriorate over time due to the appearance of cracks in the mortar between the bricks or on the plaster coating.

On brick oven Over time, cracks appear that need to be covered with a special solution.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to coat the brick oven with special products.

This can be done either immediately after construction or already when the first problems appear. The composition of the coating agent will not depend on this in any way.

But, nevertheless, all coating compositions are usually divided into 2 types: for sealing exclusively cracks and cracks and for completely plastering the surface. And to make it easier for you to figure out which composition to choose and what to use to coat the stove with your own hands, let’s consider the most effective of them.

Ideal solutions for sealing gaps and cracks

So, first, let's figure out what solutions are used to seal cracks. Typically, the need to seal cracks arises when there is decorative masonry. Not wanting to spoil general view, the owners prefer to seal up the inter-brick voids unnoticed, while maintaining the main design.

A solution based on refractory clay is prepared using water and glue mixed in equal proportions.

The first option for sealing cracks is a solution based on refractory clay. You need to purchase refractory clay in the form of fine powder and PVA glue ( big bottle) and prepare water at room temperature. First, calculate approximately how much solution you will need. Next, the mixture is prepared on the basis that about 150 g of glue is added to 5 liters of clay powder mixed with water until a thick, homogeneous mass is obtained. All this is thoroughly mixed, after which the places to be sealed are cleaned of dust, slightly moistened with a spray bottle and sealed with the prepared mixture.
The second mixture, which is also ideal for sealing cracks, is based on clay and cement. It is more durable, but also requires a little more materials in its composition. This mixture is especially good for filling small cracks in plastered surfaces.

So, to prepare the specified solution, you need to take friable refractory clay, asbestos, cement and sand. The ratios of these elements are 1:0,1:1:2, respectively. Everything needs to be mixed well, gradually adding water. As a result, you will get a solution that is very convenient for coating the oven. When prepared correctly, it lays down quite smoothly, so after it is completely dry, all you have to do is lightly sand the surface with sandpaper.

These are the 2 best and most reliable mixtures for coating cracks and crevices on the stove. It is better to use them almost immediately after preparation, so that they do not have time to lose their original properties. When coating, you should also not forget about moistening the areas being repaired for better adhesion to the material.

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The best solutions for coating all surfaces

Now it’s time to get acquainted with 2 other compositions, which are simply ideal for completely coating the surface. Due to their strength and reliability, they will not crack or crumble for a long time. And the surface after facing with these solutions will be such that, if desired, it can be further decorated or painted.

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Based on sand and clay

A solution of clay and sand is made in a ratio of 2:1.

Approximately 2:1 ratio required quantity fireproof loose clay and sand. Now, using a fine sieve, sift these materials one by one to avoid the appearance of lumps. At the exit of the sieve you should be left with an airy fine powder.

Now mix these powders thoroughly, adding water gradually. When you get a thick, homogeneous consistency, it is necessary to add a little table salt (150 g per 5 liters of solution) for greater binding ability. Stir everything well again.

If you do not plan to seriously decorate the stove, then you can add a little dry straw to the prepared solution. In this case, you need to chop it so that the length of an individual straw is no more than 3 cm. The straw will give additional strength to the solution.

Now leave the solution to infuse for about 10 hours. During this time it will acquire the consistency necessary for work. Meanwhile, prepare the oven surface for coating. After this, moisten the surface of the oven with a spray bottle or a sponge, while simultaneously coating it with a spatula or trowel. After final drying (about 3 days), the oven can be used.

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

Autumn has come, it's coming cold winter. Residents of private houses begin to light their stoves, and are surprised to see that the smoke, instead of quietly escaping through the chimney, enters the living room. In order not to think about how to cover up the cracks in the stove, they invite a stove maker. The repairman who came explains that the problems are serious, and, without telling us how to cover the stove so that there are no cracks, he issues a tidy bill, which is frightening in its size. In order not to pay unreasonably inflated bills, not to wait for a repairman to arrive in a cold house, you need to figure out on your own what you can use to coat the stove.

Causes of stove smoke

The reasons why smoke does not escape through the chimney, but spreads throughout the house, can be varied. The most common one is a chimney clogged with soot. When soot is removed, heating quickly improves and problems no longer arise.

If no one has lived in the house for a long time, then putty for the stove will not be needed. A frozen chimney begins to work incorrectly, but the malfunction is easily eliminated. It is enough to warm up the riser by burning the paper, and the smoke will follow the desired path.

If you do not know whether the stove worked before, then malfunctions in its operation may be caused by improper laying of the chimney or clogging of the channels with parts of bricks. In this case, major repairs cannot be avoided.

Well, and, of course, cracks in the chimney or in the stove itself lead to disruption of its operation and the appearance of smoke in residential areas.

How to cover the stove to prevent it from cracking?

Cracks in the stove are inevitable, but any person can fix minor problems.

The most common cracks that appear on heating devices- this is a web. A network made up of small, non-through cracks that spoil the appearance. They must be removed because they will gradually cover a significant surface area.

Before repairing the stove in the house, you need to thoroughly clean the damaged area and knock out areas where cracks have formed with a chisel. The cleaned surface must be cleaned with a metal brush. After this, the cleaned part is moistened with a primer. When the primer dries, the cleaned area is plastered with a mixture of clay and sand.

Often cracks appear in places where stove elements are attached, for example, the firebox door or ash pan. Before coating the stove to prevent it from cracking, in this case you must first completely pull out the door, thoroughly clean the damaged area, and only then can restoration work begin.

Before caulking the stove, it is necessary to secure a wire to the door frame so that it does not fall out in the future. An asbestos cord must be laid around the perimeter of the door, and all other work must be done in the same way as when eliminating cracks with cobwebs.

After a long winter, many go to the dacha for the first time this season and, getting ready to relax, light the stove in the house or in the bathhouse. And they are very surprised when they feel carbon monoxide entering the air in the room - after all, nothing like this happened last year. After a preliminary inspection, they are convinced that smoke has penetrated through the cracks that have appeared and immediately think about how to cover up the cracks on the stove.

After calling the stove-maker, it turns out that the structure has many problems and requires major repairs. Without telling you how to coat the stove, he immediately issues an impressive bill, which not everyone can afford to pay. In this article we will talk about the rules for troubleshooting problems of this kind, that is, we will figure out how to cover the stove so that it does not crack.

There may be several reasons for smoke in a house or bathhouse. If you see a small crack, this does not mean that carbon monoxide is coming through it; it may not be through. Therefore, you first need to correctly determine the cause of the smoke and only after that you can start thinking about how to cover the stove.

The first option may be clogging smoke channel soot. If such a problem is detected, you should simply.
In the second option, cracks may appear in the chimney or the stove itself. In this case, the air supply through the ash pan decreases, the temperature of the exhaust gases decreases, and the combustion process worsens.
Smoke may occur due to improper internal masonry, or the riser itself may be clogged with brick waste. Such a malfunction can only be corrected by cleaning, or the entire chimney must be restored.
Leaving the stove for a long time can also lead to smoke. The riser itself becomes overcooled. But this malfunction can be easily eliminated: before kindling, you just need to burn a little paper, placing it in the cleaning door, and the channel will begin to work in the desired mode.

Repairing cracks

When laying and plastering a stove, it is almost impossible to ensure that the surface does not crack; cracks can occur in any equipment intended for heating. Almost anyone can eliminate this deficiency. You just need to come to the store and ask the seller what to cover the stove with. Trade workers will offer many types of putty to repair cracks in metal, but don’t get your hopes up too much, since a crack in metal can only be welded - any putty can only help for a very short time.

Spider web cracks

Many people observed that the plastered surface of the stove was cracking, forming a web of small cracks located close to each other. These are small, non-through cracks that spoil the appearance of the structure. You can and should get rid of them, as the shedding of the plaster will only increase. The surface of the plaster cracked as a result of the solution being prepared incorrectly. How can this defect be corrected? The work order is as follows:

Clean the surface. Use a chisel to knock out the cracks.

Attention: do not knock out one crack at a time. Completely clear the area of formation. Moreover, cleaning should be done to the hard surface of the brick. If you don't do this right away, the cracks will reappear.

Clean the hard surface with a metal brush.
Moisten the surface thoroughly with primer. To do this, you can simply mix cement with water and bring the solution to a liquid state. Lubricate the cleaned area with the resulting solution using any brush.

After breaking up the cracks, we get planes that need to be plastered again. The surface is primed and dry. At this time, you need to prepare the correct solution for the plaster. Plastering a stove in a bathhouse or in a house should be done with a clay solution. For the correct proportion of clay and sand, the fat content of the clay should be determined, this can be done like this:

We make five test samples clay mortar. We mix clay with sand in different proportions.
Sift the resulting mixtures through sieve with a cell of 1.5 mm.
Add water and bring it to a plasticine state.
Making balls diameter 5 mm and drop them from a height of 1 m onto a hard surface. The one that won't break will have the right ratio of sand to clay.

After determining, we knead in the required quantity and begin plastering the area where we cleaned. The area was treated with primer. If it is completely dry, it should be moistened with a spray bottle to keep it damp.

Using a trowel, apply the clay mixture to the wall of the oven. Use the spraying method (the solution is simply thrown in small parts onto the wall and sticks).
Using a large wooden grater, level the surface, while lightly pressing the tool.
We are waiting for the mixture to dry.
We fill cracks and depressions with clay mortar using a triangular trowel. If the finishing area falls on a corner, apply to this place wooden plank and use it as a limiter.
We take a wooden grater and treat the surface with it. We wet and rub in a circular motion, pressing the tool slightly.
Let the surface dry.
Using a metal trowel, spray the final layer of mortar, moving from bottom to top.
Let it dry and use a wooden grater, previously soaked in water, to rub it in a circular motion until the unevenness completely disappears.

Other types of cracks

If, then small cracks are rubbed with a solution of alabaster and chalk. Elements of the tile that have received defects as a result of heating are simply replaced with others. In this case, a clay solution is used. Before installing a new element, the mounting area should be thoroughly cleaned of old mortar and moistened. Sometimes cracks are formed due to loosening of furnace devices (doors, valves, etc.). In this case, you should remove the door from the masonry. The mounting area is completely cleaned.

A hole is made in the masonry for fasteners (wire).
A wire is attached to the door frame, and the frame is wrapped around the perimeter with asbestos cord.
After this, a clay solution is applied (the preparation process is described earlier).
The door is firmly inserted into place and secured with wire.

Sometimes cracks form in the masonry of the firebox or the first chimney channels; the brick simply remains loose in the structure. This brick needs to be moved:

To fix the problem, you should select a high-quality brick. The temperature is highest here. In other places where brick is replaced, a material of lesser quality will be suitable.
The walls of the brick must be smooth. Inside the channels, friction of gases occurs against the walls of the chimney surface, so they must be as smooth as possible.
Having pulled out the brick, we clean the surface of the old mortar using a metal brush.
Place the clay solution on the cleaned surface.
We lay the prepared brick in place of the fastener. As a rule, interior brick attached to the mortar on all sides. More mortar should be placed on the bottom of the brick laying, so that when a replacement is inserted, by inserting the brick, a mound of mortar is formed on its back surface and, when pressed, all cavities are filled.
If cutting of bricks is required during the work, we lay it so that the smooth surface is directed towards the exhaust gas outlet. These surfaces cannot be rubbed down; the clay will dry out and crumble, which will clog the channel.

Sequence of correct furnace firing

before kindling, you should always clean the ash pan, put dry wood chips on the grate, close the ash pit and set fire to the food;
place firewood in the firebox and open the ash pan completely, this warm air will break through the stagnant air in the pipe and adjust the operation of the chimney; the second load of firewood should be made when the first one burns down to the state of large coals;
do not fire with peat, and especially with coal in a furnace, the solution of which is made without the addition of fireclay powder: the usual mixture can only withstand the burning temperature of firewood; under the coal, fireclay powder is added to the batch, which increases the heat resistance of the structure;
coal combustion is not carried out on grates made of metal and metal furnaces: metal burns out extremely quickly from the high temperature of coal;
Load the corner after the oven has warmed up strongly.

Attention: if you call a stove-maker who does not ask what the stove is heated with, this should raise concerns about his competence. Remember: when using peat and coal briquettes in the firing process, masonry repairs and sealing of cracks in the furnace are carried out only with the addition of fireclay powder.

Repairing cracks in metal furnaces

Sometimes cracks occur in metal structures. And here you shouldn’t think about how to coat the stove; only welding will help in this matter. As a rule, they appear after improper use of the structure, which is also affected by rapid loading of solid fuel. But this problem can be fixed:

We prepare the crack. If it is small, you need to make holes along the edges of the crack, but in metal that has not yet been fractured. This is done using a drill with a drill bit that is twice as large as the crack itself.
After preparation we do the boiling welding machine. We make a wave welding seam.
After welding work We clean the seam with a grinder.
If the crack is large enough ( width more than 5 mm), you should cut it out with a grinder, make a metal patch according to the thickness of the oven wall and weld it.

Attention: if the stove has just been laid, and the next season cracks already form in the masonry and several bricks fall out in one place, do not try to repair it, it will be wasted money. In this case, most likely, the channel was laid out incorrectly or poor-quality material was used during installation. If you do not completely redo this section of the structure, you will pay for cosmetic repairs every year.

When installing the stove, ensure the quality of the material and the correct execution of the work. This will help you avoid cracks and breakages.

Owners of private houses often install stoves in their houses. It still is current method heating. The stove is not so easy to care for; you need to keep an eye on it. If it becomes unusable, it will lead to many troubles. Therefore, it is important to keep the stove in perfect condition. The question of how to cover the stove so that it does not crack from the heat will be discussed in the article.

Why seal cracks?

Damage to the stove can occur for various reasons. In case of major damage, the stove will have to be relocated. But this option is rare; usually the damage has not yet reached a state of complete repair. The furnace should be inspected at least several times a year. You should not neglect the inspection, because in case of defects you risk, first of all, your safety. The inspection must be carried out thoroughly. If the malfunction of the stove is obvious, then it is clear that it will no longer be heated. But if minor defects form, they are easy to miss, which means there is a threat to your safety. Cracks in the stove can occur for many different reasons: wrong technology laying, material shrinkage, improper use and other reasons.

Smoke penetrates through the cracks and if they are not sealed while they are still small, they will expand. In this case, the risk of smoke poisoning is very high. That’s why it’s so important to immediately cover up all the cracks in the stove.

Diagnostics of the furnace for damage

Before starting work, you need to thoroughly inspect the stove for damage. If they are not significant, then you can get away with it simple work: removing old plaster, filling cracks and applying new one. Even if there are a lot of cracks, but they are all small, this is not a reason to replace it; it is quite possible to get by with cosmetic procedures.

Types of mixtures for sealing cracks

You can prepare the mixture for coating the oven yourself. Before you begin making it, you need to remove all the trim from the stove. There are several mixtures suitable for putty: fireclay clay, clay and sand, stove glue and stove grout.

Fireclay clay

This option is used most often. Fireclay clay is a fireproof putty for stoves. Its finished structure resembles cracked stone. The material is warm and pleasant to the touch. Clay is made by firing at temperatures over 1000 degrees and then crushed.

No toxins are used in the manufacturing process. The material is absolutely environmentally friendly and safe and does not harm health. In this regard, the popularity of the material is growing. In addition, it is very durable, not afraid mechanical damage, high temperatures, cold and water. Fireclay clay is widely used in construction; it is added to various materials so that they are not plastic, which will not subsequently lead to shrinkage.

It is used in the manufacture of sculptures, columns and other architectural elements. Fire-resistant bricks are made from it.

It is possible to make plaster based on fireclay. First you need a mixing container. Any container with a deep bottom will do: a trough or a bathtub. Fireclay and fine-grained sand are poured into the bath in a ratio of 2 to 7.

The composition must be filled with water and allowed to brew for 72 hours. Then Portland cement is added to the mixture in a ratio of 1 portion to 2 portions of fireclay. To bring the solution to the desired consistency, mix it with an electric drill with a mixer attachment. The mixture should look like sour cream.

The solution hardens within a couple of hours, so it must be used immediately after mixing. If the volume of work is large, then you can put several containers at once and gradually mix the solution.

The proportions must be observed exactly as indicated, otherwise the composition will then crack. To give greater hardness, you can add PVA glue to the solution. You can also add table salt, about 150 grams, and mix the mixture until it is completely dissolved. The easiest option is to buy a ready-made mixture. It is sold at any hardware store.

Clay and sand

Clay-based solution is resistant to high temperatures, airtight and durable. But it is important to mix it correctly. If the proportions are not respected, this will lead to deformation of the material, which means all the work has been done in vain. In addition, carbon monoxide will penetrate through the cracks.
Clay mortar is used both as a material for finishing and for masonry. The finishing solution is used for sealing cracks. The system for their production is different, so it is important to pay attention to this fact.

Clay acts as a binding component, so you cannot act on the principle: the more, the better. An excess of the binder component will lead to a decrease in strength.

But sand acts as a filler. You can add a lot of it, just the consistency of the mixture will be different. The result should be a viscous and plastic mass. If the mixture crumbles or crumbles, it means the composition is not mixed correctly. You need to use fine sand. A higher quality solution is made in a 1:1 ratio. If you want to get a richer composition, then the ratio is 1:2 (clay: sand).

Clay comes in different qualities and it is important to purchase good material. To test, you can make clay balls and throw them. It should not crumble upon impact, which means there is more sand than necessary. And if the ball just stuck, then the quality of the material is good.

Another test option: put the clay in water. Then the mixture is mixed and flat cakes are made from it. Within three days the cakes will dry completely. If no cracks have formed, then the composition is good. But if they occur, you need to add more sand, since the solution is too greasy.

After preparing the material, you need to make a solution. The clay is soaked in a trough for 72 hours, and then sand is added to the container. You can check the quality using a regular shovel. Just pour the solution onto it. The mixture should come off the tool easily. Another test option: apply a solution between two bricks and leave for a couple of minutes. When the bricks are separated, they must remain glued together.

You can mix the solution in a barrel. Oily clay is placed on the bottom of the barrel and moistened with water. Then comes the next layer, and it is also wetted with water. The procedure is repeated until the barrel is full. Then fill the container with water and leave for a couple of hours. After the specified time, the solution is mixed and filtered. Then it is filled with water again until it reaches the consistency of sour cream.

Oven grout

How to cover up cracks in the stove? For this purpose, special grouts are suitable, which can be purchased at construction stores. In terms of money, this option will not be cheap. But you can prepare the mixture at home. What you will need: clay, sand, water, salt and straw.

You knead the clay and fill it with water. The solution should infuse for 12 hours. Then sand is added in a ratio of 4 to 1. During the mixing process, straw and salt are added to the mixture.

Furnace glue

How to repair cracks in a brick stove? Glue can be used for these purposes. It must withstand high temperatures. The finished composition can be purchased at any hardware store. Glue is made from fireclay and cement. Plastic is suitable for sealing cracks, and hard for plaster.

Work technology

How to properly seal a stove so it doesn't crack. The technology for applying different compositions is not very different. First, you need to remove the lining from the surface of the stove. Light the oven a little and wet all the cracks. Wetting with water is necessary so that the brick does not absorb water from the mixture.

The solution is then applied to the cracks. Apply the mixture in large quantities, tightly plugging all holes. And then apply it to the surface in an even thin layer. After everything is fixed, start plastering. The oven can only be used after the mixtures have completely dried.

Why is it prohibited to operate a faulty stove?

With the arrival of winter, those who have them regularly light their stoves. Since in warm time If the stove is not used for a year, before the start of the cold season, it is mandatory to inspect the stove for defects. Why is this necessary? For your own safety. As a result of operating a faulty stove, the risk of fire is very high, which will lead to a fire in which not only you and your loved ones, but also your neighbors may suffer.
Small cracks are unlikely to cause a fire. But they can cause the release of carbon monoxide. When it spreads, you may not even feel anything, especially at night.

This can cause smoke inhalation or even death. Therefore, it is important to check the stove.

Master's comment

Fixing small cracks in the stove is not a problem. The mixture for coating the stove is sold at any hardware store. You can even make it yourself. In this case, by saving on time and money, you risk your safety. The stove is not a simple device and it is important to use it correctly and correct the breakdown in a timely manner.

guruotdelki.ru

Reasons for appearance

Before properly and reliably caulking the stove, in order to prevent repeated malfunctions, you need to know what can affect the integrity of the stove coating:

during a long break in heating the house and sudden temperature changes;
the furnace was laid using low-quality mortar;
Perhaps the reason is the settlement of the building or foundation. In this case, you will need to perform major renovation foundation, increasing its size and strength;
after laying the stove, the process of normal drying of surfaces was disrupted;
when plastering the stove, a low-quality solution was used or a thick or very thin layer was applied;
Perhaps the reason is faulty ventilation and condensation deposited on the walls of the furnace.

Is it possible to use a stove with cracks?

The answer to this question is unequivocal - you will need to cover up a faulty, smoking stove immediately; it is not recommended to use it. Such requirements are not explained by a violation appearance walls, namely cracks that allow carbon monoxide to enter the room. Poisoning from combustion waste can lead to dire consequences.

Damage diagnostics

Therefore, at the first sign of smoke in the house, you will need to do the following:

diagnose the furnace surfaces and find the fault;
after this, immediately prepare a solution or buy ready-made material for filling cracks;
cover the walls and plaster them again.

But first of all, diagnostics will help determine the size of damaged surfaces and the approximate amount of materials to be repaired. If the mortar has simply cracked due to high temperatures, you simply need to remove the layer of plaster and apply a new layer of high-quality materials.

It’s worse if the cracks are through and continue to expand after the work has been done. In this case, it may be necessary to call specialists to identify the causes and lay a new stove. Stone stoves are a complex structure, so you shouldn’t try to lay it out from a book; it’s better to entrust this work to an experienced stove maker.

If the cracks are small and their size does not increase, you can begin to troubleshoot the problem yourself. To do this, it is important to prepare a high-quality solution and apply it correctly to the wall. How to cover up cracks in a stove so that it does not crack from the heat - knowledge of the basic materials for making the mortar will help in this matter.

Examples of small cracks:

How to cover up cracks?

For these purposes, you can use several options that will reliably seal cracks in the walls and prevent gas from escaping into the room. Let's look at each method in more detail.

Fireclay clay

Before you cover cracks in the stove with fireclay clay, you need to know its advantages:

the material is resistant to temperature during fuel combustion;
high level of vapor permeability;
resistant to moisture when heated;
environmentally friendly material, safe for humans and animals, therefore can be used in residential areas.

To make the solution you will need to mix several ingredients:

1 part cement grade 500;
2 parts fireclay clay"
7 parts river sand.

The solution is mixed well and water is added. The consistency depends on the skill and type of work, but you should not make it very liquid or thick. To get rid of stones and lumps, the clay can first be soaked in water for several hours and the lumps of material can be crushed, and the cement and sand can be sifted. Such a solution will be plastic and laid on the surface in an even layer.

Plastering walls is easy if you have a certain skill. To do this, it is important to install beacons and, distributing the solution, level the layer on the wall. You will need to prepare a trowel and spatula, the size of which depends on the surface area.

Clay and sand

This is the most affordable, inexpensive solution for plastering surfaces. Such a solution for the oven has sufficient plasticity and is not subject to destruction under the influence of high temperatures.

It’s easy to prepare the solution for use; for this you will need:

Prepare a large trough in advance, add the required amount of clay and completely fill the layer with water. For 1 bucket of clay, pour 3 buckets of water. The clay should soak for 24 hours;
then mix the solution and add more water to it. We pass the slurry through a sieve, get rid of lumps and let the solution settle;
drain the excess water, making the solution as thick as homemade sour cream;
add river sand in a 1 to 1 ratio and mix the solution.

With this solution it is necessary to repair all cracks that appear, after wetting the surfaces and then plastering the stove in several layers. In villages they still use old way, adding horse manure to the prepared solution. This solution is obtained with increased thermal insulation properties. Hay plays the role of air layers that prevent the free passage of heat.

Grout

This oven putty is sold ready-made, but it’s easy to make yourself. The main advantage of this material is the ability to retain its properties even when heated to 10,000. Industrial materials are used for arranging and repairing stoves and fireplaces, but the price of such grout is high, so home craftsmen do it with their own hands.

The mixture for coating the oven is made in several stages:

knead large lumps of clay and pour it into a trough;
fill it with water and leave for 10-12 hours;
pour part of the sand into the soaked clay, maintaining a ratio of 1 to 4, mix the solution well, adding 5 parts of chopped straw in small portions;
Add 1 kg of coarse table salt to the finished putty and finally mix the solution.

The finished grout can be used to fill gaps between bricks, crevices, cracks and complete the first rough layer of plaster.

Furnace glue

In order to repair a cracked stove, you can buy heat-resistant special glue at a hardware store. Due to its properties, it is not exposed to high temperatures for a long time. It consists of the addition of fireclay clay and cements with high fire-resistant properties.

A plastic and hard adhesive mixture is produced. Using solid materials, plastering of stove surfaces is carried out. Plastic glue is used to fill cracks and seams between bricks.

When using this material, you must follow the instructions for dilution and use. heat-resistant substance. You should not make it in large portions; it dries out quickly and becomes unsuitable for work.

How to properly coat a stove?

In order to reliably cover the cracks in a brick kiln, work is carried out in several stages:

For large cracks, you will need to completely remove the layer of plaster and use a chisel or other tool to widen the cracks and gaps between the bricks. You need to work carefully, not missing even small cracks. By cutting the crack edges in this way, you increase the area for filling with mortar and improve the quality of adhesion to the main surface of the wall. The minimum depth for filling cracks with mortar is 10 mm.
Now it is important to cover all surfaces with a deep penetration primer or plain water. Then we heat the stove by adding a small amount of firewood. It is important for us to dry all surfaces before work.
While the oven is still warm, apply a thin layer of liquid clay solution using a paint brush or a large paint brush. This solution, once dry, will serve as the basis for continuing work.
You can lay a layer of reinforcing mesh on top or simply cover the surface with old bags. We fasten the steel mesh with self-tapping screws, and glue the burlap with glue or nails, which we hammer into the joints between the bricks.
Using any of the previously listed solutions, apply 2 layers of plaster, each up to 5 mm thick.
After drying, you can plaster the walls with an additional layer of lime mortar or simply whitewash the walls of the stove with lime.

How long does it take to dry?

It is not recommended to use the oven until the solution is completely dry. When using various materials this period may vary. Using heat-resistant glue as a putty, the layer of solution will dry within a few hours.

It will take more time for the solution of clay and sand to dry and form. In this case, you will be able to use the stove only after a day. Then the brick oven, protected from cracks with mortar, will remain crack-free for a long time.

Therefore, we do not advise you to rush, immediately flooding your Russian stove with a stove bench. Repairing cracks in a furnace is a simple but important job. The choice of material for the solution is a purely individual matter. The main thing is to do the work carefully and responsibly. Then your house will always be light and clean, without the smell of burning and smoke penetrating through the cracks in the walls of the stove.

pechnoy.guru

Features of stove repair using fireclay clay

Fireclay clay is often used in the construction and repair of brick kilns. After heat treatment this breed receives additional properties. Kaolin clay is used to make fireclay. During heat treatment (+1500 degrees) it turned into stone. The resulting stone powder is added to the mortar when repairing or constructing a furnace.

Fireclay clay differs from similar materials in the following advantages:

resistance to high temperatures,
vapor permeability,
high adhesive properties.

In addition, fireclay clay is safe for human health and will ensure a long service life of the fireplace. Unfortunately, there were some negative qualities.

Fireclay does not occur in nature, and the kaolin clay that underlies it is a rather rare material. It is not surprising that the main disadvantage of such material is the price. The second nuance is that fireclay does not tolerate a humid atmosphere. Therefore, in order to properly seal the stove, you need to use other materials (cement, quarry sand).

The finishing mixture of fireclay for fireplace repair is created in the following proportions: 7 parts sand, 1 cement and 2 clay. The amount of water is selected individually. The proportions may vary slightly, but this particular combination is considered the best.

A chamotte solution will be more reliable if you follow certain regulations when making it: first of all, dilute the cement to the state of thick milk, then add the remaining components.

Previously, refractory clay was soaked in water for three days before work - this gave it plasticity. Products from modern manufacturers do not require such lengthy preparation. The solution can be mixed immediately after the last component is poured into the container. Rough kneading is done using available tools (shovel, hoe, etc.). But it’s better to finish mixing the mixture manually. In this case, the solution will turn out to be of higher quality - after all, you will feel even the smallest lumps with your hands.

obustroen.ru

Why do cracks appear?

There are several reasons why a stove may crack:

Poor quality putty was previously used;
Violation of finishing technology;
Improper drying;
Drawdown.

And if you can deal with the first three reasons yourself by covering the stove, then in the latter case you will have to completely relay it from the foundation to the chimney.

However, cracks are not always the cause of carbon monoxide penetration. The smell of smoke or gas may occur if:

The chimney is clogged;
Blockage in the stove riser;
Incorrectly folded inner part ovens;
Hypothermia of the riser.

The blockages will need to be removed; the supercooled riser can be warmed up with a burning newspaper. If the stove was built in violation of the technology, a major overhaul will have to be done.

Video: Clay mortar for stove repair

Diagnostics

The first step is to inspect the stove for damage and, based on this inspection, determine the scope of work. If no major damage is found, you can do without minor repairs, just cover up the cracks and plaster.

If through cracks are found, major repairs will have to be carried out. In any case, when doing your own repairs, you will have to prepare a fireproof solution.

Preparation of the solution

You can prepare the mixture for sealing cracks in the oven yourself or buy it ready-made. Let's look at the most popular:

clay + sand;
fireclay clay;
oven grout;
oven glue.

A mixture of clay and sand

Most cheap way seal the stove. This option is the most common, not only because it is cheap. The prepared material has such qualities as: plasticity and viscosity. And after firing it becomes fireproof, strong and durable.

This solution is prepared as follows:
The clay is filled with water and left for 24 hours. Proportions: 1 bucket of clay and 3 buckets of water.
The next day, the clay is mixed and kneaded; water can be added as needed.
Strain the solution through a sieve with a mesh of 3 × 3 mm. and let it settle.
Drain off excess water. The mixture should have the consistency of sour cream.
Add sand as much as clay (1/1).

Stir the mixture with a stick and determine the degree of readiness. If there is a lot of solution left on the stick, it is too greasy and you need to add more sand. If a small amount remains on the stick, in the form of clots, the solution is ready for use.

The amount of sand depends on the fat content of the clay; on average, 1 bucket of clay requires 2.5 buckets of sand.

Note! You can check the quality of the prepared solution in this way:

Take a little thick solution, make from it: a cake (diameter 10 cm, thickness 1 cm) and a ball 5 cm. Leave them to dry at room temperature and observe if cracks appear. After drying, the ball should not fall apart when dropped from a height of 1 meter. If the products crack or the ball falls apart, you need to add clay to the solution.

Before applying this mixture, the oven can be additionally reinforced. To do this, take gauze, soak it in clay milk and stick it on the stove. After drying, the oven can be sealed.

Fireclay clay

Fireclay clay is used in metallurgy, for the repair of steel smelting furnaces. It is often used in the restoration of ordinary ones. Sold in any hardware store, packaged in 20 kg bags. To prepare it, fill it with water for 48 hours.

Proportions and manufacturer's instructions for preparation can be read on the packaging. The cost of fireclay clay is not high, so it is also popular when repairing home stoves.

Oven grout

Stove grout is a rather expensive material, but it is an ideal option for repairing a stove or fireplace. Capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 1000°. If this option seems too expensive to you, then you can make an analogue of this grout yourself.

To do this you need:

Pour clay into a container.
Fill with water for 12 - 24 hours.
Add sand and mix.
Add chopped straw.
Add 1 pack of salt.

Proportions: for 4 buckets of clay, 1 part sand and 50 kg. straw.

Furnace glue

This is a heat-resistant and durable material that can be purchased at hardware stores. Made from refractory cement and fireclay powder. Available in the form of plastic or solid mass.

The plastic mixture is used to cover cracks, and the hard mixture is used to plaster the entire surface. The grout is mixed in small volumes, as it dries very quickly.

Important! The stove can be heated only after the solution has completely dried. And this can take up to a month, after which it can be whitened and used.

Video: How to repair a stove

alina-sharapova.ru

The stove is cracked - we determine the reasons!

Cracks and fissures stretch like a spider's web across the surface of the stove, especially if you heat it up on frosty days. The problem is not new, so there are plenty of solutions, you just need to wisely choose the right one depending on a particular situation. First you need to understand the causes of cracks. By and large, there can be three of them - poor-quality putty, hasty finishing of the furnace without complying with standards, and subsidence of the furnace itself.

The stove can sag due to an incorrectly laid foundation or poor-quality brick. The most radical way to solve the problem is to disassemble the stove, strengthen the foundation and put it back together. However, you should act in this spirit if the drawdown is really significant, smoke pours out of the cracks during the fire, the doors no longer close tightly, and the brick inside the stove itself is crumbling. With such “symptoms” it is necessary not only to disassemble it, but also to assemble it from completely different materials.

However, if we are talking about small cracks, you still shouldn’t rush - subsidence new oven acceptable in the first few years . What you should not do immediately after laying the stove is tiling it. Of course, it’s beautiful and practical, but when it starts to fall off as a result of subsidence, you’re unlikely to enjoy sweeping up the fragments and gluing everything back together. Therefore, do not rush - let your stove warm up properly for a year or two, and if cracks do not appear, then lay the tiles.

Tiling is often recommended as a solution to crack problems. But at the same time, summer residents forget that the stove can crack even under the tiles. And everything may look fine, but smoke will penetrate into the room through these cracks, and this is already fraught with consequences. Therefore, tiles are only good in cases where the stove has been checked and certainly will not crack.

How to seal a stove to prevent cracks

You picked up the most expensive heat-resistant mortar in the store, your stove is on a solid foundation, but new cracks still appear. Do not rush to immediately blame the putty manufacturer - the point is not what to cover the stove with, but how to cover it! Hasty completion of work without observing all the nuances is the second reason for the appearance of cracks.

Firstly, you need to putty the stove by heating it slightly. Secondly, the cracks that you want to cover must be moistened generously with water; without this step, the dry masonry will suck all the liquid out of the fresh mortar, as a result of which it will not gain the required strength. And thirdly, do not rush to light the stove - you need to wait until the putty has completely dried! Only compliance with these nuances will allow you to forget about new cracks forever.

How to cover the stove - folk putty for the stove

In building materials stores you can find a lot of putties and mixtures, but their prices are quite high. And if we are talking about a dacha, then you need to cover up the stove, which is not used very often. In any case, folk methods are no worse than newfangled methods, and you can find materials for putty according to folk “recipes” right there, near the dacha.

The most famous putty for the stove is a solution of clay and sand. Sometimes asbestos is added there, sometimes a little lime is added, and some even recommend salting this solution! However, first you can try the classic composition oven putty, proven over centuries.

Other ways to get rid of cracks

If you don’t want to spend a long time fiddling with putty according to a folk recipe, you can buy a special heat-resistant mixture at a hardware store, which you just need to dilute with water, and it will be ready for use. However, follow the same rules: lightly heated stove, cracks moistened with water, do not heat until the solution is completely dry!

If the solution doesn’t help or you don’t want to bother with it, you can do a more radical and very practical way - make a frame for the slab from a sheet of aluminum or other suitable metal. To do this, you will need several sheets of metal, squares (if there are none in the corners of the slab), and metal scissors. Measure the height of the slab and its sides, cut out the corresponding pieces of metal. If the tile is adjacent to the wall, then try to use a grinder to make a small indentation in the wall so that the sheet seems to fit into the wall.

To ensure that the sheets adhere perfectly to the stove, it is best to secure them on top and on the sides with squares. The angles should be on top metal elements. If the slab is already reinforced with angles, it is better to remove them, install sheets of metal and then return them to their place. The metal can be painted with heat-resistant radiator paint or left as is - if it is stainless steel, then it will look quite decent.

remoskop.ru

Reasons for furnace failure

Before looking for the best way to fix the problem, it is necessary to determine the causes of cracks. It could be:

Low quality of the solution used;

Violation of finishing technology;

Shrinkage of a brick structure;

Uneven heating;

Failure to comply with the rules for operating the stove.

If the stove sank due to an improperly poured foundation, smoke will pour out of all the cracks during the fire, the doors will no longer close tightly, and the brick will gradually begin to collapse. If such problems are discovered, you should immediately dismantle the entire structure, strengthen the foundation and lay it out again. However, in some cases you can do without radical measures.
The fact is that a slight shrinkage of the stove in the first couple of years is considered quite normal, and if we are talking about small cracks, they can simply be repaired correctly.

All other reasons can be easily eliminated; it is only important to figure out how to cover the stove so that it does not crack.

Determining the extent of damage

Before getting started, you should consider the damage and determine the scope of work. If small cracks appear on the surface of the stove (even if in large numbers), to eliminate them you will need to remove the lining and clean the brick from the plaster.
Once all the finishing has been removed, you can start caulking the cracks. At this stage, everyone is wondering what solution to cover the stove to prevent it from cracking.

For these purposes, you can use one of the following mixtures:

Made of clay and sand;

From special grouts for ovens;

From fireclay clay;

From oven glue.

Can’t decide what to cover the stove with to prevent it from cracking? Consider each option individually.

A mixture of clay and sand

Sealing cracks with clay mortar is the simplest and most economical way to restore a stove. At the same time, the quality of repairs will be no worse than using newfangled and expensive materials.

For these purposes, you can take absolutely any clay, the main thing is that it contains as few impurities as possible. After soaking, high-quality raw materials should become oily, homogeneous and plastic. Before covering the stove with clay (to prevent the surface of the fireplace from cracking in the future), pay attention to the specifics of preparing this solution.

How to make your own clay putty

Mixing the mixture is carried out in several stages.

1. Before mixing clay with sand, it should be soaked in warm water for at least 12 hours.

2. Wet solution Mix thoroughly and break up any lumps that have formed. In this state, the clay combines with sand much better.

4. If you do not plan to whiten the stove, add lime to it at the stage of mixing the solution. All components are mixed until the consistency of sour cream. Ready mixture cover with plastic wrap and leave for 12 hours.

5. The settled solution is kneaded again. To check if there is enough water in it, take the putty in your palm and roll it into a ball. If it starts to crack when squeezing, add more water.

6. The oven should be lightly heated, water should be poured over the cracks, after which you can begin sealing.

7. To prevent the appearance of new cracks in the clay, you can add straw, but a more reliable way is to use a plaster mesh. If you apply a clay solution to a stove lined with such material, you can forget about the cracks for a long time.

Fireclay clay

Fireclay clay is often used to restore old stoves. This material is characterized by fire resistance, so stoves finished with it are reliable and durable.

You can purchase this type of clay at any construction market. It is sold in 20 kg bags and is not at all expensive. The working solution is prepared strictly following the instructions on the packaging.

Grout

To seal a brick oven, you can purchase a special grout. In stores there are various formulations that are produced specifically for these purposes. It’s worth noting right away that this option will cost you quite a lot, however, it is optimal for lining stoves and fireplaces.

If you cannot afford to purchase a specialized composition, prepare it at home. To do this you will need the following components:

The clay needs to be thoroughly kneaded, filled with water and set aside for 12 hours. After the specified time has passed, the required amount of sand should be added to the mixture. In the process of kneading the two components, finely chopped straw and salt are gradually added to them. Clay and sand are taken in a ratio of 4:1, with about 50 kg of straw and a pack of salt added for every 4 buckets of clay.

The resulting composition can withstand temperatures of more than 1000 degrees.

Oven glue

To prevent the stove from cracking in the future, you can use heat-resistant glue to repair it. It belongs to the category finished materials for finishing fireplaces that are sold at construction sites. Its main qualities include resistance to high temperatures and durability.

This adhesive mixture contains fireclay powder and fire-resistant types of cement. Today, there are two types of glue - plastic and hard.

The first option is used for sealing cracks, and the second is intended for plastering the entire surface of the stove.

The main advantage of stove glue is its very fast drying, so you should not mix the solution in large quantities.

Work technology

When the material for the restoration of the heating structure has already been selected, it’s time to figure out how to properly seal the stove (so that the lining and the brick itself do not crack).

The method of applying putty is selected depending on the type of solution.

So, if you decide to eliminate cracks using a homemade mixture of clay and sand, the process will not cause you any particular difficulties.

1. First, the brick is cleaned of old finishing material and plaster.

3. Now you can start sealing the holes. First, the solution must be firmly pushed into the cracks, and the residue must be spread over the surface in an even layer. Work can be done bare hands, since this composition is absolutely harmless.

4. The final stage will be plastering the external surfaces.

Please note that you can light the stove only after the solution has completely dried!

Now let's look at how to seal the oven (to prevent it from cracking) with heat-resistant glue. This process is almost identical to the previous one, but differs in that after sealing the cracks with a plastic composition, the entire surface of the furnace is treated with solid varieties of adhesive fire-resistant mixtures.

Since the glue dries in less than 30 minutes, you can start painting on the same day. decorative finishing ovens.

In this article, we looked at what and how to cover the stove so that neither the structure itself nor the lining cracks. In conclusion, I would like to note that even the best and most expensive refractory compounds are not able to protect your stove from cracks. Here main role It is not the quality of the material that matters, but strict adherence to the technology of construction and repair of the heating structure. Carry out the work thoughtfully and slowly, and then your stove will serve you for many years.

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Material for filling cracks

Construction stores sell many different mixtures for filling cracks. The heat-resistant mixture will only need to be diluted with water, and it will ready for use.
You can resort to traditional methods, which are no worse. The most common remedy is a solution of clay and sand, which should be used to coat the damage. Asbestos, lime or salt can be added to such a solution for better effect.

If the solutions are ineffective, you can resort to more radical methods. For example, for the manufacture of a metal frame.

Damage repair technique

If the stove is cracked, immediate action should be taken. If you follow all the rules that will help solve the problem efficiently, your stove will last a long time.

Furnace diagnostics

First, you need to carefully inspect the stove, both outside and inside, and determine the extent of damage. If the oven has serious defects, it will need to be completely repaired. disassemble and restore. If there are small cracks, then it will be possible to coat and plaster them, having first removed the layers of finishing and plaster down to the brick.

Selection of material

Any clay without impurities is suitable for restoring a stove, the main thing is that after soaking it takes on a uniform plastic consistency like butter.

Preparation of the solution

Making a solution for sealing cracks is easy. We will need 4 buckets of clay and 4 buckets of sea or river sand. The amount of water depends on the moisture content of the clay and sand. The clay is first soaked for 12 hours in warm water. After this, it should be mixed with a spatula to break up the formed lumps. Then it is mixed with sand. The resulting solution is covered with polyethylene and infuse for 12 hours to prevent moisture from evaporating.

Applying putty to damage

Before applying the putty, you need to heat the fireplace a little. Then you should moisten the damage with water to finishing material became durable. Otherwise, the dry masonry will suck out the fresh dissolve all the liquid.

When sealing cracks in a brick kiln, it is necessary to replace the clay with gypsum or cement in the solution described above. The resulting solution should only be used to cover the cracks in the brickwork, and not to coat the hearth is completely.

Cracks can also appear as a result of improper heating of the stove. Therefore, to prevent the hearth from cracking, you should follow the basic rules of the firebox: clean the ash pan, use wood chips to ignite, adjust the chimney to correct work, do not use during heating low quality fuel. You can repair the hearth yourself, even if you have never experienced damage to the stoves.

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1 The stove is cracked - we find the reasons!

Cracks and fissures stretch like cobwebs across the surface of the stove, especially if you heat it up on frosty days. The difficulty is not new, so there are a lot of solutions, but you just need to choose the right one depending on a particular situation. First you need to understand the causes of cracks. According to an impressive count, there can be three of them - poor putty, hasty lining of the furnace without meeting the targets, and subsidence of the furnace itself.

The stove can sag due to an incorrectly laid foundation or low-quality brick. Most effective method To get rid of the problem - disassemble the stove, secure the foundation and put it back together. However, one should act in a similar spirit if the drawdown is actually significant, smoke is pouring out of the cracks in the combustion chamber, the doors no longer close tightly, and the brick is crumbling in the middle of the stove itself. With such “symptoms” it is necessary not only to disassemble it, but also to assemble it from completely different materials.

However, if we are talking about small cracks, there is still no need to rush - subsidence of the new furnace in the first couple of years is allowed. What you don’t need to do immediately after installing the stove is finishing it with tiles. Of course, this is practical and aesthetically pleasing, but when it starts to fall off as a result of subsidence, you are unlikely to enjoy sweeping up the fragments and gluing everything back on. Thanks to this, there is no need to rush - let your stove heat up properly for a year or two, and if cracks do not appear, then lay the tiles.

Often finishing with tiles is offered instead of solving the problem with cracks. But at the same time, residents of summer cottages forget that the stove can crack even under the help of tiles. And everything may look great, but only through these cracks will smoke enter the room, and this has dangerous results. Thanks to this, the tile is beautiful only if the stove is checked and, moreover, does not crack.

In the photo there is a stove, rodonews.ru

In the photo - a whitewashed stove, www.bolshoyvopros.ru

In the photo there is a Russian stove, forum.onliner.by

In the photo - a stove using a clay-chamotte mixture, izhevsk.ru

In the photo there is a stove in the house, www.stroimdom.com.ua

2 How cover up the stove so that there are no cracks

You chose a very expensive fireproof solution from the store, your stove sits on a solid foundation, but new cracks still appear. You shouldn’t rush to denounce the putty manufacturer right away - the point is not what cover up the stove, but how to cover it up! Hasty work without completing all the details is the second reason for the formation of cracks.

First of all, you need to putty the stove after heating it a little. Secondly, the cracks that you want to cover need to be thoroughly wetted with water; without this step, dry installation will suck all the liquid out of the fresh mortar, which is why it will not gain the necessary strength. And thirdly, you shouldn’t rush to light the stove - you need to wait until it’s completely finished. drying putty! Only following these steps will enable you to completely forget about new cracks.

In the photo - a Russian stove, avega.net.ua

In the photo there is a stove with metal doors, www.stranamam.ru

In the photo - oven putty after application, sdelaipech.ru

Pictured is a combination oven, batfx.com

In the photo - fireplace-stove, maystroff.ru

3 What to put on the stove - ethnic putty for the stove

In construction stores you will find a lot of putties and mixtures, but their prices are quite high. And if we are talking about a dacha, then it is necessary to cover up the stove, which is rarely used. Anyway, traditional methods no way even better than newfangled techniques, and you can find materials for putty according to folk “recipes” right here, near the dacha.

The most famous putty for the stove is a solution of clay and sand. Occasionally asbestos is added there, occasionally a little lime is added, and some even suggest adding salt to this type of solution! However, first you may want to try the traditional stove putty formula that has been tried and tested for centuries.

How to seal a stove - step by step diagram

Step 1: Selecting materials

There is an opinion that not any clay is suitable for making stove putty. However, experience says that any clay is suitable for this, as long as it is free of impurities. Excellent clay after soaking will be like butter, homogeneous, plastic. You will need 4 measures of clay (4 buckets or 4 handfuls - it depends on the volume of work) and 2 measures of clean, sifted quarry sand. Both river and sea sand are suitable, the main thing is that it is free of impurities. The amount of water needed to prepare the putty varies depending on the moisture content of the sand and clay. Lime is needed if, for example, you do not want to spend a very long time digging around with whitewash in the future.

Step 2: Prepare the solution

It is best to soak the clay in advance warm water, for at least 12 hours. After it gets wet, stir it with a shovel or your hands (if the volume is not very large) to break up all the lumps. Prepared clay will be much easier to mix with sand. If we act according to the rules, then we’ll start stirring the old-fashioned way - stamping on the solution with our feet. Because cracks should be covered in the summer, you are unlikely to freeze your feet.
The consistency of the solution should be like thick sour cream, which is sold at points of sale. The prepared solution should be kept in a container for at least 12 hours, covered in advance with polymer ethylene so that the moisture does not evaporate.

Step 3: Cover the cracks

Stir the mixture again. To check the quality of your putty, roll a ball in your palm - if it cracks when compressed, then there is not enough liquid in the solution. Previously, straw was added to a similar mixture so that it would inhibit the formation of new cracks, but today you can use a specialized mesh that is used for plastering. By covering the surface with such a mesh and covering it with the solution you have made, you will definitely be able to forget about the cracks. You can cover it with your hands - a solution of this type, unlike cement, will not cause damage to your skin.

Do not forget to warm up the stove a little so that its surface is a little warm. Moisten the cracks with water, take small lumps of the solution and, as it were, push it into the cracks, and spread it over the surface. If everything was done correctly, and the stove is durable, then you can forget about cracks for a long time. Until full drying putty Don't light the stove!

4 Other options to get rid of cracks

If you don’t want to spend a lot of time fiddling around with putty according to your grandmother’s recipe, you can buy it in the store building materials a specialized heat-resistant mixture that just needs to be diluted with water, and it is ready for use. However, follow the same rules: slightly heated stove, cracks moistened with water, do not heat until the solution dries completely!

If the solution didn’t help or you don’t want to tinker with it, you can do something more drastic and very in a convenient way– make a frame for the slab from a sheet of aluminum or other suitable metal. For this you will need several metal sheets, squares (if they are not in the corners of the stove), metal scissors. Measure the height of the slab and its sides, cut out the necessary pieces of metal. If the tile is adjacent to the surface of the wall, then try to make a small depression in the wall with an angle grinder so that the sheet seems to fit into the wall.

To ensure that the sheets adhere perfectly to the slab, it is best to fix them on top and on both sides with squares. The angles should be on top of the metal elements. If the slab is already reinforced with angles, it is preferable to remove them, install metal sheets and then return them to their place. The metal can be painted with heat-resistant radiator paint or left as is - if this stainless steel, then she will look quite decent.