Brick is a material that is strong and durable. There are two main types of bricks.
- Ceramic brick (red brick) - divided into ordinary and facing;
- Sand-lime brick (white brick).
These are three fundamentally different types bricks - each has its own standard sizes, advantages and disadvantages.
Standard sizes of white (silicate) and red bricks
Size of regular single red and white brick(standard): 250x120x65
- Brick length - 250 mm;
- Brick width - 120 mm;
- Brick height - 65 mm.
Standard size of double sand-lime and ceramic bricks: 250x120x138
- Brick length - 250 mm;
- Brick width - 120 mm;
- Brick height - 138 mm.
The usual size of one-and-a-half (thickened) white and red bricks: 250x120x88
- Brick length - 250 mm;
- Brick width - 120 mm;
- Brick height - 88 mm.
Modular brick size: 280x130x80
- Brick length - 280 mm;
- Brick width - 130 mm;
- Brick height - 80 mm.
Euro facing brick size standard: 250x85x65
- Brick length - 250 mm;
- Brick width - 85 mm;
- Brick height - 65 mm.
Table of standard sizes of red and white bricks
The dimensions of kiln bricks (refractory) are the same as the standard dimensions of red brick.
Video about brick size standards
Red brick (ceramic)
Basis red brick is clay with the use of various additives, which goes through a firing process. Red brick is considered the most ancient of building materials, as well as the most versatile. Red brick is used in the construction of walls, foundations, partitions, fences and stoves. Red brick is divided into ordinary and facing.
Advantages of red brick
- Strength and wear resistance
- Good sound insulation
- Low moisture absorption
- Environmental friendliness
- Resistant to almost all climatic conditions
- High strength
- High density
Disadvantages of red brick
- High price
- Possibility of efflorescence
- Bricks from only one batch
Video about the advantages and disadvantages of ceramic red brick
White brick (silicate)
White sand-lime brick less durable than red, softer and lighter. It can only be used when laying partitions and walls; however, it is not recommended to use it in critical structures such as foundations, stoves, fireplaces or plinths.
Advantages of white brick
- Environmental friendliness
- Soundproofing
- High frost resistance and strength
- Reliability and wide range
- Type of painting
- Unpretentiousness
Disadvantages of white brick
- Reduced water resistance and heat resistance
Video about the advantages and disadvantages of white sand-lime brick
How to choose the right brick
Ordinary brick is intended for masonry, but after completion of construction it needs to be plastered. It may have a geometric pattern to better adhere to the plaster mortar. The facing brick is mostly hollow, its front surfaces are smooth and even. Dimensions building brick 250 x 120 x 65 mm, the facing can be of different colors and sizes, even have a relief pattern.
When buying a brick, the main thing is to know for what purpose you are purchasing it. Otherwise, you can be seduced by the beauty and line all the walls with facing bricks, and this is a considerable expense. As for the color of the brick, it depends on the clay included in its composition. Most often there are red-burning ones, which, in fact, give the red color. Less commonly, you can find white-burning clays that produce white, apricot or yellow brick. Sometimes various pigments are added to the raw material, in particular to obtain a brown color.
Technical characteristics of bricks
The main characteristic of brick is strength, that is, the ability of building materials to resist deformation without collapsing. Take a closer look at the model numbers, they will show what load per 1 square centimeter a particular brick can withstand. The designation 100 can be deciphered as 100 kilograms per 1 centimeter. The grade range of material varies from 75 to 300. For the construction of multi-storey buildings, it is worth choosing a brick of at least grade 150, and for country house or a cottage with 2-3 floors is enough for 100.
The second indicator is frost resistance, that is, the ability of the material to withstand freezing and subsequent thawing. This value is measured in cycles. To do this, factories conduct tests during which the brick is immersed in water for 8 hours, and then placed in water for the same time. freezer, this is a cycle. And so on until the characteristics of the brick begin to change. Factories and multi-storey buildings are built from bricks, the frost resistance of which is at least 35 cycles. There are also materials on the market with low frost resistance, 25 or 15 cycles. It costs much less, but is not very suitable for Russian regions. However, it is better to entrust the determination of the brand of brick for your home to a specialist.
According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. Given building material has a centuries-old history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained virtually unchanged.
The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to ensure the necessary strength of the masonry; it is also important. Brick dimensions tied to standards make it easy to calculate their quantity for the construction of a particular structure.
Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width
Modern construction does not stand still. With the growing requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:
- Single– 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking they are designated RF.
- Double– 250x120x138 mm.
- One and a half– 250x120x88 mm.
- Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
- Euro bricks h – 250x85x65 mm.
The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes are 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50(65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. The choice of standard sizes is growing every year.
According to their shape, bricks are divided into:
- full-bodied,
- hollow (slotted)
However, in addition to the basic dimensions, such as height, length and width, permissions for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - construction or facing. The latter is subject to more stringent requirements, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.
For solid building bricks it is allowed:
- The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners of no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
- Curvature of edges and edges up to 0.3 cm;
- On the side longitudinal (spoon) edges, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.
For the construction hollow version it is allowed:
- No more than 2 dents on corners or edges 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
- Full-thickness cracks in the bed. In width they can reach the first row of voids;
- One crack each on the butt and spoon (transverse side) edges.
For facing bricks it is not allowed:
- Chips of corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
- Presence of cracks;
- Broken ribs whose width exceeds 0.3 cm and length exceeds 1.5 cm.
In this case, it is considered fit for work facing material having:
- No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
- Separating handwritings that in total do not exceed 4 cm in length;
- No more than 1 broken ribs, depth not exceeding 3 cm, and length not exceeding 1.5 cm.
Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. Modern choice building materials are almost limitless. If desired, you can combine artificially aged, variegated and textured options in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.
One-and-a-half and double bricks are produced mainly as hollow ones. This allows the weight of the structure to be reduced.
Most popular in modern construction porous large-sized blocks are used. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual construction option. Its use makes it possible to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.
To lay 1 m3, you will need 512 single-type bricks, and one and a half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.
Red, sand-lime and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose
By type of material they are divided into:
- Red (ceramic).
This type of building material is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a universal material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, and furnace laying. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg/cm2). Weight 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).
- White (silicate).
It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is softer and lightweight material, having lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to red in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.
By purpose:
- Private.
Brick providing performance characteristics masonry
- Clinker.
It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper performance characteristics of the masonry even in a highly aggressive environment. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.
- Fireclay (fireproof).
For domestic purposes, the fireproof fireclay version, which is marked “Sh,” is most often used. For example, Ш-5 has dimensions 230х114х65 mm, Ш-6 – 230х115х40 mm, Ш-8 – 250х124х65 mm.
- Facing.
The facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild stone. Below are the main dimensions:
- 290x140x85 mm;
- 250x85x65 mm;
- 250x120x88 mm;
- 250x80x65 mm;
- 250x60x65 mm;
- 250x120x65 mm.
In addition to rectangular bricks, they can have a wedge shape. This type building materials are used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different radii of curvature. The end wedge Ш-22 has dimensions 230х114х65/55 mm, and for example the end wedge Ш-45 – 230х114хх65/45 mm.
The use of decorative (cladding) bricks allows for impeccable masonry external walls and also produce interior decoration premises. Applying facing brick For interior walls, sewing seams should be given special attention.
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Often land owners are faced with construction problems. And plays a big role in this matter right choice building material. The most common in this sense is red brick, which is suitable for the construction of most different structures. What do you need to know to correctly calculate the amount of building material? Of course, these are the dimensions of red brick, as well as the purpose of its various types. This is exactly what we will look into now. First of all, it’s worth clarifying general information on similar material.
Ordinary solid red brick - it is packaged on such pallets
There are several types of this building material, depending on the area of its application. It could be:
- Regular full-bodied;
- Facing;
- Stove;
- For the foundation.
If we talk about the methods and materials used in its manufacture, they are fundamentally different. But still there are similarities. For example, red solid brick, like all others, is ceramic, while white is silicate. Standard sizes ordinary brick - 250×120×65 mm. As for the other varieties, we’ll talk about them a little lower.
Some may say that the size information is superfluous, but this would be a big misconception. After all, during construction, this data is necessary to accurately calculate the material consumption for a particular structure.
To begin with, you should understand that this building material, like any other product, must be checked when purchasing. After all, not only the beauty and aesthetics of the building, but also the safety of those living in it or using it depends on its quality. In addition, both the convenience of the work and the quality of the final result depend on the choice of size and shape of the product. We will now talk about the types of these materials.
Red brick - dimensions and markings of this building material
In this section, we will look in detail at the sizes of certain types, and also try to understand which of them is applicable for what and whether it is possible to interchange one type with another. We have already mentioned the sizes of ordinary red bricks, but only superficially. Based on its popularity, it makes sense to dwell on this issue in more detail.
There are two ways to make such products - the semi-dry and plastic forming methods. Let's try to consider each of them.
Plastic Forming Method is as follows. The clay is prepared, stones are removed from it, after which it is steamed to form plasticine. Next, using a special machine, it is cut into pieces, which are slightly larger in size than the dimensions of red brick, because During the drying process, the material shrinks slightly. After this, the workpieces are dried. It is important to follow the technology, otherwise the product will crack and be unsuitable for construction. On last stage firing occurs at high temperatures.
When forming semi-dry The moistened clay is ground into powder and compacted into molds, which are immediately sent to the kiln for firing. This eliminates the drying process.
Important information! When purchasing such building material, you should pay attention to the absence or presence of cracks. If there are quite a lot of them, it means the manufacturing technology was not followed. Color is also important. If it is too light, the product was not burned, and if it has a black tint, then it was burned. Both are unacceptable and it is not worth purchasing such building material.
The marking, which is designated as M-100, M-125, M-150, M-200, M-250 or M-500, is also of great importance. To make it clearer, we need to clarify. The number after the letter “M” indicates the maximum pressure in kg/cm2 that the building material can withstand. This means that the M-250, for example, can withstand a pressure of 250 kg/cm2.
Dimensions of standard red brick and differences in dimensions
It should be noted here that the manufacturer offers three subtypes of such material, both solid and hollow. This:
- Single, with a size of 250×120×65 mm;
- One and a half. Slightly wider than the previous version. Its dimensions are 250x120x88 mm;
- Double– the width of this brick is even greater, and is 250x120x138 mm.
There are other varieties, but in our country they are less in demand. This does not apply to figured cladding products, which may not have a specific shape at all. The height of the red brick is always the same. This is done for the convenience of combining its types during construction, as well as cladding.
Important advice! Despite the similar dimensions of solid red brick and its hollow appearance, in no case should you build from the second load-bearing walls, on which the load will be carried out, because it has less strength and is not designed for this.
Red facing brick - sizes, varieties and features
Here you should pay attention to the smoother, sometimes even glazed walls (edges). Moreover, such material will not necessarily have the shape of a rectangle - it can also be shaped. Although there is a type of facing brick with “broken”, as if torn, edges.
The peculiarity of this material is its structure, which is more resistant to temperature changes and weather conditions. But it should be noted that this stability is inherent only in the outer edges. Its working surfaces(those on which the solution is applied) are not protected from this. That's why it has great value refining and grouting joints with mortar upon completion of work.
Important information! If you cheapen and buy facing material low quality, there is a possibility of its chipping already in the second year of operation. That is why you should be especially careful when choosing it.
The sizes of facing bricks differ from solid ones. They can be either single or half. There are also products with a width of ¾ on the building materials market. The remaining sizes of single facing bricks or other types are the same as the solid version.
Dimensions of red stove bricks and its features
A special feature of this building material is its resistance to high temperatures. It is also distinguished by low thermal conductivity, which determines its characteristics that are ideal for stoves and fireplaces.
As for the price of a red brick stove, its range is quite wide and ranges from 20 to 1000 rubles. for 1 piece but we’ll talk about comparing the cost of one type or another a little later. Now it is important to understand which material is best to choose for a home stove or fireplace. Particular attention should be paid to the brand - it should be designated as M-250 or even M-500.
Important! Although the cost of the product increases as the brand increases, it is not worth saving on this. After all, if you buy enough cheap material lower grades, you may encounter a situation in which you will have to replace the stove in a few years, and this process is many times more complicated than installing a new one.
The sizes of stove bricks can be of two types:
- 250×120×65– standard, the same as full-bodied;
- 250×85×65– somewhat narrower than standard.
The size of the red brick for the foundation - the main differences
The dimensions of ordinary red brick are the same as solid ones and in fact they are identical. The only thing that can be said about their differences is that solid brick can be used both as a stove brick and as a facing brick, while ordinary brick is used only for plinths, foundations and internal partitions in rooms. Also, its main difference is in strength and unpresentable appearance. That is why such masonry is subsequently covered with plaster, facing materials, etc.
The dimensions of the red brick basement rarely matter, but there is a closeness to the standards. The fact is that it can be quite uneven, which determines its low cost.
And yet, for any work, a preliminary calculation of the quantity is necessary required material. In this case, you can either calculate this parameter yourself or use the program.
Online calculator for calculating brickwork - an easier way to plan
Red brick is a building material with excellent characteristics. It is characterized by such properties as strength and long service life. It began to be used in the field of construction 4000 years ago. During the development of standard brick production, there will be constant changes appearance product, its shape, size.
Thanks to such a centuries-old history, today construction market red brick is presented in a wide range, which includes about 15,000 types. Each of them differs in its texture and color. All varieties of red brick are classified into certain conventional categories, which determine the composition, structure, color and purpose.
Description of standard red brick
To make the usual presented product, clay mixed with water is used, which is then fired. As a result, the sample is exposed to high temperatures, which contribute to the formation of irreversible chemical processes.
The photo shows the dimensions of the red brick
At the time of purchase of this product it is necessary to pay attention not only to the quality characteristics, but also to the type and dimensions of the red brick. Thanks to all these indicators, it acquires various properties that influence its performance.
You can find out how much a brick for a plinth costs from this
In addition to its attractiveness, the presented product has a long service life and durability. As a result, it is possible to achieve the safety of the erected buildings. In addition, repairs to facades in the construction of which red brick was used are very rare.
You can find out which brick is best suited for the stove from this
The video shows the size of a standard red brick:
You can find out the properties of ceramic bricks from this
Size of ordinary building brick
Since red brick has different classification, then each species has its own size. For ordinary standard red brick, the length remains unchanged - 250 mm, width - 120 mm, but as for the thickness, it depends on the type of product: single– 65 mm, double– 130 mm and modular– 88 mm. : 250*120*88.
About what sizes of white sand-lime brick you can here from this
Types and standard according to GOST
Full-bodied
The classic dimensions of this product are actively used in the construction of load-bearing and reinforced buildings, the construction of foundations, stoves and fireplaces. Such a product is characterized by the following markings: M-075, M-100, M-125, M-175. Frost resistance level can reach F50. What size? The dimensions of a single red block will be 250x120x65 mm. Depending on the size, and varies. The cost of these products will be 9.4-16 rubles per piece.
When constructing absolutely any building (except for a panel building), brick is used as the main material. Such walls, unlike panel ones, are stronger and more durable. However, installation takes much more time than installing panel slabs. But be that as it may, this material is used in the construction of most modern buildings, which means it is more practical and reliable. In today's article we will find out the size of a standard brick and talk about its varieties.
Varieties
As you know, building bricks vary in size, characteristics and purpose. In this case, this material can be divided into 3 categories:
- One and a half.
- Single.
- Double.
The size of a standard brick is different for each of these types. It is determined by three parameters: and height.
The size of the brick (standard single type), which is used in the construction of most modern buildings and institutions, is as follows: 250x125x65 millimeters. In this case, the silicate (double) material has dimensions of 250x120x188 millimeters.
In construction, the size of a standard brick is 250x125x65 millimeters. That is, the most used type of brick is single. In addition, in the construction industry its thickened version is often used, with a length of 250 mm, a width of 120 and a height of 80 millimeters. It is also worth noting the modular varieties. The dimensions of a single modular brick are 138x13x288 millimeters.
It is worth noting that so-called ceramic stones can also be used in the construction of walls. They have nothing to do with stones, and therefore in production they are labeled as ceramic blocks. Many sellers also refer to them as “double brick,” so when purchasing, do not assume that this is a different type of material. a block and a double brick are the same product. And its dimensions are as follows: 250x125x138 millimeters (length*width*height, respectively).
Compliance with GOST
GOSTs (State Standards) do not apply to products of this type in Russia, especially for new ones technical products, which appeared on the market several years ago. Of course, the use of ceramic bricks in the construction of a residential building or other buildings is very profitable, because due to large sizes the cost of laying it is minimal. Accordingly, the speed of work is many times greater than the time required for laying single material. In addition, the savings also apply to the amount of bricks required to be prepared for laying.
Ceramic stone is mainly used in the construction multi-storey buildings, be it a residential building or a garage. Statistics show that the number one-story houses, in which this type of materials is used in construction, is units. Although even if we compare the total number of multi-storey institutions with walls made of ceramic stone and the same buildings with a classic single brick, the difference will be several dozen times.
Why is such material not in great demand in Russia?
The fact is that many customers simply do not know how this stone will behave 10-20 years after installation, and whether the wall will last until this time. Hence it turns out that with a constant temperature difference of 60 degrees Celsius or more (the difference between air temperatures in winter and summer), such a brick can simply crumble in one cycle of operation. Although there are no objective reasons to call this stone the most unreliable, since not a single scientific study has been carried out on this matter. So it turns out that laying ceramic stone is like playing roulette: you never know when a building will collapse, and how soon it will happen.
A few words about the differences
But let's get back to the sizes. At the beginning of the article, we indicated the exact size of a standard brick. Depending on the type, its length can be 65 - 138 millimeters. Moreover, these values may depend on the location of application of a particular type of material (for example, dimensions can vary from 65 to 500 millimeters in height). We also note that the difference in the dimensions of a single brick and a one-and-a-half brick is not at all 1.5 times, as it seems to us externally. If you look more closely and compare the heights of the first (65 millimeters) and the second (88 millimeters), we can say that it is exactly 1.35 times higher. But for ease of perception, such materials are referred to as “one and a half”.
Why exactly 250x120 millimeters?
Majority modern types bricks have a length of 250 and a width of 120 millimeters. The only difference is the height of the material (for example, the size of a white brick is 250x120x88 millimeters). What is this for? And this is necessary so that this brick can be conveniently used when laying. In terms of its size, such material fits perfectly in the hand, and since during the construction and erection of the wall the physical strength of the builders themselves is used for the most part, these dimensions are the most convenient when laying rows (not to lay them with a tower crane).
Few people know, but common standards bricks were introduced in Russia only a few years ago - in 2008. And this despite the fact that it first began to be used in 1927. To everyone's surprise, Soviet times Almost all buildings were created using bricks that did not meet any standards and requirements. However, it is precisely such buildings at the moment are the most durable and wear-resistant.