How to build a simple oven with your own hands. How to build brick ovens for your home with a hob using the drawings with your own hands. Disadvantages of a brick kiln

The problem of heating country houses and country houses associated with the lack of a central supply of coolant and gas. Many have already become disillusioned with metal potbelly stoves, but a small brick stove - built with their own hands - gives comfort and warmth, which cannot but rejoice.

Brick stoves for country houses

Advantages

In the last two or three decades, modern metal stoves took an undisputed monopoly in individual construction. This is caused by a number of factors:

Comparatively cheap compared to;
Easy to assemble and install;
Short deadlines for installation of the heating device at the place of final operation;
High efficiency and firewood savings declared by the manufacturer;
The apparent complexity of the structure brick oven and difficulties associated with finding a worthy specialist in this field, fear self-construction such a monumental object;
No need complex work with the roof when installing a chimney pipe;
Relative compactness, which is important for a country house;
An advertising campaign by manufacturers of metal furnaces, claiming their undeniable advantages.

However, once the owner of a metal device once finds himself in a room equipped with a stone stove, his views change radically.

It is impossible to deny the fact that the heat produced by such a stove is incomparably more comfortable and pleasant. The room is easy to breathe, has a pleasant smell, a special atmosphere and comfort.

The food cooked in a stone oven is also different. Special temperature regime, the taste of smoke and the oven effect give it a unique taste and aroma.

In addition, there is a lot of data on some medicinal properties thermal radiation emanating precisely from warm clay, heated to 70 - 75 ° C. Let's not go into the jungle of physics and biology, let's note the fact itself.

So, the advantages of a brick kiln, collected in a single list:

Huge heat capacity and inertia of the device. It is enough to heat such a stove once, and it will continue to radiate heat into the room for a long time. Even in severe frosts the number of fireboxes does not exceed two per day;
The oven does not overheat outside, and it is impossible to get burned on it, which is extremely important for families with small children;
The oven does not dry the air the way its metal counterparts do;
Thermal radiation is much softer, not as aggressive and heavy as from steel and cast iron surfaces;
Firewood consumption is less (a controversial opinion, but many owners agree);
Incomparably longer service life;
The smallest brick stove creates more coziness and comfort than the largest metal stove;
Easily heats large volumes of water, and if you install a coil or register, warm water will always be;
You can bake in the oven and firebox large number bread and other flour products, as well as prepare porridge and other dishes;
Even small brick stoves look great and decorate the interior, creating an inexplicable comfort and special ambience in the room.

Advice! Any wood-burning heating device is a potential source of danger, as it produces carbon monoxide. Therefore, you should not take on complex large ovens, and here DIY small brick oven- a very real option.

Naturally, nothing is ideal and absolute, so it is necessary to talk about the difficulties and disadvantages of stone heating devices.

Flaws

Since we have listed the advantages brick stoves, let's be fair and remember the shortcomings. We do not conduct an advertising campaign, so we are not afraid of objective assessments.

So, among the disadvantages of stone stoves, the following features can be listed:

A very labor-intensive construction, especially for a person who has no experience in the construction of such products;
This is quite a costly undertaking, especially if you involve an experienced stove maker; the price of the efforts and skills of these guys is definitely high;
There is a risk of unsuccessful construction, and remodeling a monolithic stone structure, as you understand, is not the easiest task;
The danger of operating a faulty or improperly constructed stove is associated with carbon monoxide poisoning, which can lead to very dire consequences;
Requires more space in the house than its metal counterpart, although today everything appears more projects small stoves that practically eliminate this disadvantage;
High inertia is associated with a fairly long warm-up and kindling, so it may take several hours to heat the room well.

Advice! If you use your dacha for rare raids of a day or two in the warm season, and also in the cold season, then there is no point in starting the construction of a brick oven, since warming up will take three hours, and in the meantime you will be packing back. A brick stove is needed by people who love country holidays and allow themselves to spend long winter weeks at their dacha.

This is where the question of the purpose of the stove arises. Obviously, stoves come in different designs, sizes, and functions.

Purpose of furnaces

Another important point- This right choice configuration, design and purpose of the stove. Since we are talking about a dacha, we should proceed from the requirements of temporary suburban housing.

In general, there are four main types of stoves:

Heating;
Cooking;
Baths;
Mixed.

Strictly speaking, sauna stoves can be classified as a specialized subtype of heating devices. But we will not delve into the intricacies of classification, since this activity is, in general, useless.

Let's just say that for a dacha I would like to have a mixed type - something like, since it is irrational to arrange a separate heater and stove from the point of view of saving space.

Therefore, we can voice the requirements for a country brick stove based on all of the above:

Simplicity of design so that you can master the construction with your own hands;
Compact size, this is a dacha, not a castle or residence;
Multifunctionality, that is, a mixed type oven with which you can cook food, heat water and warm up the house.

Construction of a country stove made of bricks

We will need clay-sand mortar, building bricks (double sand-lime brick M 150 will not work, you need a clay one), trowel, bucket, mixing trough, plumb line, level, asbestos cord, fireclay brick, doors, valves and other stove fittings, galvanized steel wire, hammer with pick, grinder with disc for concrete.

The oven will take up 0.4 m², and its weight will be insignificant, so you can do without a foundation. If your floor is weak, then it is better to make a screed under the masonry.

So, laying a small country stove step by step:

On the place chosen for the stove we place roofing felt or glassine measuring 530×780 mm for waterproofing;
Pour sand one centimeter thick on top and level it;
According to scheme No. 1 (the figure at the beginning of the paragraph), we lay out the first row of bricks without fastening them together, and level it using a level;

Apply a thin layer of clay mortar. We take the blower door, wrap it with a double layer of asbestos cord and secure it with twisted wire.
Lay out the second row of bricks.

We take fireclay bricks and lay out the third row. After its formation, we install the grate. We maintain gaps for thermal expansion of materials of up to 1 cm.

Using a brick placed on an edge, we lay out the fourth row. Inside the chimney duct we make supports for the internal partition. We place the “kick-out bricks” of the rear wall without clay with a slight protrusion outward.
We install the combustion door, pre-wrapped with asbestos. We fasten it with twisted wire and temporarily fix it with two bricks: we put one on the back of the butt, the other on it and the door on top.

We lay out the fifth row flat along the contour of the fourth, and the sixth on the edge. We wipe down the chimney walls with a wet rag.

We lay the seventh row flat from three-fours (we cut off 3/4 of the whole brick with a grinder) to connect with the eighth row. Rear wall again on the edge.

In the eighth row, we close the furnace door with two bricks above it. We install a beveled brick above the firebox to center the flame under the burner.

We place the ninth row offset back (slightly) to keep the door open. Before laying, we lay out wet asbestos cord to seal the joints of the brick and the hob.
In the tenth row we begin the formation of a chimney, which will gradually expand backwards. We will make an attached pipe, so as not to displace the center of gravity of the structure, or a mounted one made of light iron.

In the eleventh row we place a valve, seal it with an asbestos cord coated with clay.

Next comes a quadruple chimney, which is connected to a light metal pipe.

Now we take out the knockout bricks and clean bottom part chimney from debris.

We close the gap between the first row of bricks and the floor with a metal L-shaped sleeve and nail the baseboard.
We whitewash the stove or cover it with stove varnish, seal all the joints between the metal and the brick. Metal parts Can be painted with black fireproof paint.

We make a test fire with paper and small branches, then give it 2 weeks to dry.

As you can see, all the manipulations are not so difficult to do on your own. Material and labor costs are relatively small, the construction does not take up much space.

At the same time, we received a heating and cooking device that will perfectly heat a small country house, will give your cooking a unique taste and aroma of smoke, create a pleasant atmosphere and comfort.

Advice! If there is an opportunity to invite a person more or less experienced in the stove business, at least as a consultant, be sure to take advantage of it, since building stoves from a book is quite difficult, it’s better to see it once.

Conclusion

Brick stoves are considered bulky, expensive and difficult to build. However, it is easy to see from specific examples that these opinions are somewhat exaggerated, and you can build an inexpensive, compact brick country stove, and do it yourself.

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: A small brick stove for a summer cottage can be made in short term and with your own hands, without the help of a professional. We will talk about preparing the foundation, what materials are best to choose for laying a stove, and how to properly prepare brick and clay so that the stove will serve for a long time and heat your home well.

Very modest requirements are put forward for a do-it-yourself brick dacha stove. Long breaks between visits, a relatively small volume of the heated room, maximum efficiency and the use of local fuel - all these criteria indicate the choice in favor of a wood-burning stove. Contrary to popular belief, it can be done without the services of a master stove maker. Let's take a closer look at how to design and build a small brick oven for a summer cottage with your own hands.

Preparing for work

It is unlikely that you will be able to make a complex and highly efficient stone stove for a brick cottage with your own hands without construction experience. There are too many nuances and secrets hidden in the work of a professional stove maker. But small in size and simple in design, a vertical stone stove for a summer residence can easily be built even by an untrained person. The main thing in this process is to do everything very carefully, carefully and in accordance with our recommendations.

Selection of building materials

Since the described small brick stove for a summer house is heated with wood, it is not intended for intense and prolonged heating - it can be made of ordinary, not refractory brick. Although, it is better to use heat-resistant material for the combustion chamber.

List and required quantity of materials:

red ceramic solid brick- 700 pcs.;
grate - 1 pc.;
combustion door - 1 pc.;
ash door - 1 pc.;
soot removal channel doors - 2 pcs.;
valve - 1 pc.

For a wood-burning stove for a summer cottage with your own hands, you need to choose a solid coreamic brick, which does not crumble from the average blow of a hammer, and at the same time produces not a ringing sound (this is a superheated brick), but a booming sound. It is advisable that side faces the bricks were smooth.

You will need clay for the solution. Stove makers prefer to choose “fat”, from which the solution turns out to be soft, like butter, and plastic, like soft plasticine. Such clay for building a stove for a summer cottage with your own hands can be found in construction stores or, after consulting with local residents, simply dug up in the area.

Tool

With a good oven tool country house builds quickly and easily. For work, you should prepare a level, plumb line, trowel, mason's hammer and dishes for preparing clay mortar. To cut bricks you need a grinder.

Preparing the foundation for a brick oven for a summer cottage

No matter how small a brick stove you make for your own summer cottage, its weight is several hundred kilograms. Therefore, you cannot place it on the wooden floor of the room, but you will need a foundation.

To choose the right location for the foundation, you need to project the plan of the stove onto the ground so that its pipe fits between the floor beams and the roof joists. If there is a chimney in the wall of the house, then the stove for the country house should be located near it. When building a new house, a stove for a dacha can be built into the wall between the rooms. This option is very convenient: both rooms heat up equally quickly, but in one of the rooms, even at the most unfavorable conditions there will never be smoke.

The depth of the foundation must exceed the freezing depth of the soil. However, if the country house has its own deep foundation, then a combined foundation can be made for the country house stove. To do this, four lightweight concrete columns, such as those used for fences, are dug vertically into the ground. The posts should protrude from the ground just below floor level.

Between them, directly on the surface of the soil, half a brick is poured with a gravel or sand cushion. Then a layer of roofing felt or other sheet waterproofing is laid. The reinforcing material is placed on top metal mesh, and already on top of it - it is poured concrete foundation with fittings. The top of the foundation must coincide with the floor level and be perfectly horizontal!

Let's start building the oven

On top of the foundation you need to lay another layer of waterproofing, and on it - metal sheet. The dimensions of the sheet should exceed the projection of the stove by 10-15 cm. Moreover, on the side of loading firewood it is better to make a larger outlet. Then random sparks from the blower will fall not on the wooden floor, but on the metal.

During operation, the garden stove heats up quite strongly. If the nearby wall is made of wood or other flammable materials, it must be protected with thermal insulation. The simplest protection can be a sheet of asbestos, painted with heat-resistant paint or covered with a thin plaque. Asbestos cannot be kept open, as its dust is considered very dangerous to inhale. Instead of asbestos, a do-it-yourself summer cottage stove can be insulated from wood with a solid slab mineral wool. The material must be heat resistant. Facade construction wool is not suitable for this, since it has too low a temperature limit.

Preparing clay solution

The country stove is built on clay, not cement. The clay solution is prepared from good clay and clean river or sea sand. If the clay is not purchased, but was dug somewhere in the neighborhood, then it is worth checking its quality first. To do this, we make several test batches with different proportions of clay and sand. Roll the finished clay dough into small balls, rolls, flat cakes, and leave to dry for two weeks at room temperature.

Dried products need to be tested: throw them from a height of human height, try to crush them with a plank under the weight of a weight, etc. The composition of the most durable clay sample is taken as a standard. In the figure shown, the best batch corresponds to samples “b”.

Preparing bricks and clay

The stove for the dacha is built with your own hands from pre-soaked bricks! To do this, it is kept in water for at least 8 hours. During this time, all the air will come out, and the clay will adhere well to the brick in the masonry. You need to prepare very little clay so that approximately 20-25 pieces are enough for laying. bricks. Without the necessary experience, you won’t be able to put in more at one time. The thickness of the clay mortar in the masonry should not exceed 5 mm.

Features of stove masonry

In order for a stove in the country, laid with your own hands, to serve for a long time, each row should be checked for right angles and horizontal surface. The laying sequence is visible in the order drawing.

The cast iron doors of the blower and combustion chamber are secured using steel wire, which is walled up in the masonry. The cuts are made with a grinder. As a last resort, you can do it the old fashioned way - with a mason's hammer, but in this case there may be a lot of waste for scrap. The area for the grate should be slightly more sizes the grate itself. Then, when heated, the metal will not move the brick.

The solution is applied to the wet brick. Experienced stove makers do this not with a trowel, but with their hands. A good solution spreads as easily as soft butter spreads on bread.

Important Note

If during laying the brick sank lower than necessary, it should be removed, the mortar cleaned and laid on a fresh one. Otherwise, the new stove at the dacha will smoke heavily and leak soot. Unlike cement, clay solution It is strictly forbidden to move the brick!

When building a stove for your dacha, try to make the inner walls as smooth as possible. Then soot will not linger on them, and it will be easier and less likely to need to be cleaned. The outside of the country stove should also be neat and beautiful. External seams should be carefully embroidered using a jointer or finger. There should also be no gaps in the places where arches and horizontal partitions are formed. It is better to lay such rows slowly, one per day, so that the lower rows have time to set, and the upper rows do not creep.

Bottom line

Despite small size And simple design, For small houses brick country stoves They are very popular because they show very good results. They heat up quickly and are warm enough to last all day. A small brick stove for a summer residence is characterized by its low cost and accessibility for self-made, but at permanent residence V winter time You will have to heat it twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. published

What is comfort in the home? This is when it’s warm in winter and cool in summer, walking on a pleasant-to-touch, non-icy floor covering, comfortable furniture and a cozy bed for you and your children. Children fall asleep faster and sleep better when it is warm and comfortable to sleep on soft, children's mattresses https://mebelsait.dp.ua/detskie-matrasy.

When you think about building your own home, you have a desire to make it warm and cozy. Modern gas and electric boilers, converters, etc., but they cannot create a cozy atmosphere. That's why stove heating is in active use again.

The stove is a highlight of the design and an economical heating device. It is much easier to find an experienced stove maker to lay a stove. But this long-forgotten craft has only just begun to gain popularity, and there are very few experienced stove makers. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: “How to build a brick oven with your own hands?”

Properly laying out a stove requires a lot of effort, and you will also have to study a lot of instructions for laying brick stoves.

Types of stoves

The first step is to choose a stove that is right for you. The most popular are:

Dutch;
Russian;
Swede.

Dutch

This design was created by Russian craftsmen. The design is not complicated and does not require much space. But this does not prevent it from giving off accumulated heat well.

Russian stove

Large-sized and multifunctional oven. But its size justifies the presence - free space where you can relax. There is a firebox under the bed where you can cook food. Next to the firebox there is a stove, and just below there is a vent that keeps the fire going. There is also a niche for freshly prepared food.

A Russian stove can easily heat a room larger than 40 square meters. But a full-fledged robot will require a lot of raw materials.

Swede

Refer to compact options. Length and width - 1 meter. The main function is to heat the room, but you can also cook food on it. The unusual thing about such a stove is that the stove is built in the kitchen, and the rest of the stove will be in another part of the house.

This design is fire hazardous. But the risk of fire is reduced with the help of dampers.

Construction rules

A homemade stove must meet the requirements fire safety. Therefore, you need to pay special attention preparation for construction.

Decide on the location of the stove.
Prepare the correct drawing.
Buy quality materials for construction.
Purchase of tools.
Create a cost estimate.

Correctly drawn up drawings will become your main assistants, since it is the drawings of a homemade brick oven that help you avoid many mistakes. Ready-made plans can be found on the Internet.

When choosing an installation location, you need to take into account the area of the room and the type of oven. It’s difficult to calculate everything on your own, so it’s easier to use a reduced model of a brick oven, a photo of which is available on the Internet.

Selection of working tools

When laying a furnace, measuring, construction and many other auxiliary tools are used:

Jointing - pours the mortar into the seams and gives the joints an aesthetic appearance. It will come in handy if the stove is left without lining or plaster.
Trowel.
Hammer-pick.
Shovel for mortar.
Plumb.
Stove ruler.

Materials

The heat transfer and durability of the stove will depend on the material used in construction. Therefore this stage is very important.

For cladding use ceramic brick– brand M-500. It is insensitive to temperature changes. And the combustion chamber needs to be laid out only from refractory bricks.

In addition to bricks, the following is used:

Sifted sand.
Clay – normal fat content.

Foundation for the stove

The basis for homemade stove done at the time of construction, since a brick oven requires a strong foundation

First, they dig a hole. It is necessary to take into account that the width and length of the pit must exceed the size of the foundation by 20 cm

Afterwards, the pit is leveled and half filled with sifted sand, compacted well and leveled. Waterproofing is laid on top of the sand, and formwork is installed. Next, all free space is filled with concrete mortar, bringing it to ground level. Be sure to check the surface for horizontalness using a building level.

After 5-6 days the concrete should harden. After that, the formwork is dismantled, waterproofing is laid and the foundation is brought to the floor. There are two ways to bring the foundation to the floor:

lay out of brick;
re-build the formwork, filling it with concrete up to the beginning of the floor. All voids are filled with sand, compacting it.

Recipe concrete mortar- one part of cement contains 2.5 parts of sand and four parts of gravel.

Masonry process

The masonry mixture is prepared from sifted sand and clay. The clay is left in water for a couple of hours, after which it is sifted through a sieve.

First, the outer layer, which consists of bricks, is assembled, and then the middle. There should be no voids in the seams, so fill them with a clay mixture.

The first rows are built using solid bricks. The first row of stitches requires dressing. After the first rows are ready, the brick will have to be cut.

The chopped side of the brick should be inside the masonry. This rule is also used when constructing smoke ducts. The chimney is built from red burnt brick. And the opening of the firebox is created using a metal corner, a “lock” layout.

Photos of brick stoves

One of the signs of the convenience of living in a private cottage is its consistently comfortable environment at any time of the year. No matter how beautiful the building may be, it can only be truly cozy warm home. One of the best solutions– organizing heating using a brick stove for the home. The advantages of this material are obvious - the variety of shapes allows brick stoves to harmonize with any environment, and the heat transfer characteristics are among the best.

At correct design and installation, a brick oven can also be used in wooden houses Source taldomstroi.ru

What types of brick stoves are there for houses?

Brick stoves intended for residential buildings are divided into the following types:

Heating. The main purpose is to provide heating for individual rooms or the entire house;
Cooking. The design is designed in such a way that the main heat flow goes upward - to the hob. Such a stove is heated only during cooking;
Heating and cooking. Essentially, this is a heating stove with hob. Because functional purpose Such a stove has a mixed stove; cooking food on it in the summer is not always comfortable.

Whatever type of stove it is, some general qualities must be present in any case:

the oven should warm up well;
the chimney design must provide good draft;
high level of general fire safety;
the stove should fit harmoniously into the overall environment, creating a feeling of comfort.

Based on the shape of the product, brick kilns are divided into square, round, corner, T-shaped, and rectangular.

Heat transfer is primarily affected by the thickness of the walls of the product. Based on this parameter, furnaces are made of thick-walled, thin-walled and combined types.

The thickness of the walls is determined not only by the number of bricks, but also by the method of laying them Source akson-quick.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of a brick stove in the house

There are several reasons why a brick stove for a home is more preferable than products made from other materials:

The design, thought out to the smallest detail, perfectly serves as a heat storage device. It is this feature that allows you to fire a brick stove much less often than other analogues (steel, cast iron). The heat retention period is about 24 hours. For comparison, firewood should be added to metal stoves every 5-6 hours;
Due to the high accumulation of heat, a brick oven is highly economical and less harmful to the environment, which cannot be said about its metal counterparts. Optimal combustion of fuel gives maximum heat transfer, almost complete decay of organic matter is observed - splitting into carbon dioxide and water base. Excess heat heats the masonry, which in turn warms the rooms;
There is no glowing effect on the outer parts, so thermal radiation brick structures are much softer than steel ones.

On the outside, the bricks are hot, but not red-hot, unlike iron parts Source minsknews.by

This is interesting! When heated, the moisture condensed in the pores evaporates from the bricks, and when cooled, it is absorbed back. This process is commonly called stove breathing and thanks to it, the humidity level of the heated air always remains comfortable - from 40 to 60%. Other heating devices require the installation of an additional humidifier, without it the air dries out.

Also, a stove in a brick house is not without its disadvantages:

The long cooling of brickwork, scientifically called thermal inertia, is a big plus, but this medal also has reverse side– no less long warm-up. Therefore, when lighting a stove in a cold room of a large area, the temperature in the house will rise slowly - this is especially felt in the far corners. In this case, it is additionally recommended to purchase a convector.
Since a brick oven is a fairly massive structure, ideally it is erected simultaneously with the house. The furnace must function without interruption, so special knowledge and experience are needed to design and build it. Even despite free access to drawings with orders for brick stoves for the home, you can’t do this without a specialist, and good stove craftsmen are in short supply.

For high-quality laying of stoves, it is not enough just to know the order - this work has many nuances, knowledge of which comes only with experience Source fasaddomstroy.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer installation services for fireplaces and stoves. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Which brick to choose for the stove

When choosing a brick, attention is primarily focused on its resistance to temperature influences. The building material must withstand repeated heating and cooling procedures. The overall service life of the stove depends on the characteristics of the brick from which the stove will be made.

It is customary to mark bricks. One of the main indicators is density and strength grade. The denser the product, the slower the kindling and heating will occur. To build a stove, you need bricks whose markings indicate strength grade M150-250, with maximum thermal conductivity and minimum hygroscopicity.

Pay attention! Density itself is not a sign of quality. A strength grade that is too high may indicate the presence of substances in the brick that are harmful to humans when heated.

The next marking indicator is the level of frost resistance, which should be the highest. It plays an important role when choosing products used in laying the chimney (especially the part protruding above the roof).

Marking of bricks for stoves in comparison with other types of material Source iqlevsha.ru

Frost resistance implies the ability of a product to absorb moisture. Its crystallization inside the material can cause deformation of the latter. Hollow facing ones are better suited.

When forming the inside of the chimney, you need solid red brick. Plastic molding is preferred. These products withstand temperature changes and do not crack even with significant downtime.

Use in the construction of furnaces is contraindicated:

silicate and pressed bricks;
bricks made using the slip casting method;
unfired raw materials.

The maximum aging of fireclay bricks (made in accordance with GOST) is up to 1350 °C. It is quite possible to use such products to create most of the structure or to use them separately for thermal protection (lining) of internal surfaces.

The Sh8 brand is suitable for the firebox (such bricks have straw- yellow and darkish inclusions). For the arch of the firebox, it is recommended to use fireclay products (W 22-Sh45). The only exception is sauna stoves, where due to high humidity It is contraindicated to use such bricks.

Fire brick Sh8 brand is distinguished by its straw-yellow color Source pcentr.by

How to determine the optimal location of the furnace

The location in the house for the stove must be determined according to certain parameters. The following indicators are taken into account:

area of a residential building;
how many rooms should be heated;
what is a stove for and what type?
how gases will be removed during combustion;
the location of the stove must comply with fire safety requirements.

The stove should heat every room in the house as evenly as possible. If this condition is not met, either an additional furnace or water heating system equipment will be required.

To heat the rooms adjacent to the kitchen, a heating and cooking stove is used. It is placed in the kitchen, and the rest of the rooms are heated by the heat-dissipating wall.

When building a house made of stone, you can immediately think about the placement of chimneys in the walls, which will increase the usable area of the house and ensure optimal heating.

When placing the stove on the border of rooms, you need to think about the place where it can be most successfully placed so that the surfaces transferring heat from the stove allow for uniform and maximum heat distribution.

Options for placing the stove in the house Source pechnoy.guru

Typically, the place to place the firebox is a hallway or kitchen. If the stove is designed well, it is almost invisible in the house. It does not clutter up the living space and is in perfect harmony with all interior elements. For example, it is often used combined option. In one room there is one side of the building - the stove, and in adjacent room, its second part is the fireplace. The chimney system is common.

A brick stove for a home cannot be called mobile, so planning a place for it requires attention. We should also not forget that the oven requires regular maintenance, which means that convenient approaches must be carefully thought through.

Furnace foundation

Since the specific gravity of the entire structure is high, it needs a strong foundation.

Furnace foundations are divided into the following types:
reinforced concrete;
pile;
pile-screw;
columnar;
made of blocks.

This is important! Whatever type of foundation the foundation belongs to, it must be created separately from the foundation of the house (except monolithic slab). The choice of foundation depends on the soil on which it will be laid.

The gravel-sandy soil type requires the preparation of a shallow foundation;
For clayey or sedimentary soil, the foundation is poured using a crushed stone cushion;

Differences between arranging the foundation for a brick and iron stove Source kaksdelatbanyu.ru

In the permafrost zone, a pile-screw foundation is used;
Dry rocky soils make it possible to get by or minimum thickness reasons or not to use it at all;
The stove cannot be installed in areas of bulk soil.

Stages of arranging the base for a brick kiln:

Taking into account the type of soil and the depth of its freezing, a pit is prepared.

The bottom is compacted with horizontal alignment. Crushed stone, broken brick and rubble stone are poured in an even layer. Tamping again.

A solution is prepared (proportion 1:3). The embankment is filled with mortar;

Then there are three options:

use a combination of crushed stone and cement;
apply a frame made of reinforcement and then fill it with concrete;
a reinforced concrete slab is poured, on which the foundation is made from bricks and concrete and rubble pouring.

The next steps proceed after all the used solution has dried.

Laying three-layer waterproofing.
Next, bricks are laid in rows.

Bricks that have been stored under storage should not be used in construction. open air. Due to repeated freezing and getting wet, they become brittle, which will reduce the service life of the stove.

Video description

To see some of the nuances of choosing a foundation for a stove, watch the video:

To fill the space between the stove foundation and the foundation of the house, use ordinary river sand.

The procedure for laying the furnace

How to properly build a stove in a house depends on the materials used and the chosen design, but the main stages of work are always the same:

The beginning of the creation of the stove - the first two rows of bricks form its flood part;
Laying the third row of bricks - a blower door is installed in it;
Laying the fire part;
As soon as several rows are laid out, a grate is installed above the ash chamber. It is placed on fireclay bricks;
The combustion door is installed. The combustion chamber is formed;
A hob is placed on top of the combustion chamber;
Continuation of masonry with the gradual design of a gas convector system;
When the body of the stove is formed, they proceed to the construction of the chimney.

Installing oven doors

Depending on the design of the stove, folding, lifting, sliding or classic doors are installed.

When choosing a door material for the stove, take into account the following points:

cast iron structures with glass inserts or completely glass products choose if they like to admire the play of flames in the house;

Through the glass you can clearly see the fire burning in the oven. Source idei-landshafta.ru

All cast iron samples are used if the stove is fired with coke, coal or mixed fuel. Doors made of steel or glass are suitable for a wood-burning stove;
To avoid burns and protect children or pets from dangerous environments, a metal door with an additional thermal shield is required.

The selected doors are installed at the appropriate stage of laying brick stoves, according to the given scheme.

Rules for operating a brick stove

In order for the stove to serve for a long time, you must follow certain operating rules:

The consistency of the stove's characteristics is ensured by maintaining the integrity of its body. Even a small crack of 2 mm in the area of the valve will lead to a loss of 10% of the heat generated during fuel combustion.
The stove should be heated correctly. Heat loss when the blower is open reaches 15-20%. If the firebox door is open during combustion, all 40% will escape into the open air.
For the firebox, be sure to use dry firewood, prepared in advance. When using raw materials, less heat is generated and due to the formation of caustic condensation, the brick walls are destroyed.
Uniform heating is possible only when burning approximately identical logs - from 8 to 10 cm thick.

Video description

To see the errors in the installation and operation of brick stoves, watch the video:

Laying firewood should be done leaving an empty space of 10 mm between them. Firewood is loaded into the firebox in parallel rows or with intersections. The best option filling the firebox - 2/3. The gap between the firewood stack and the top of the firebox should not be less than 2 cm.
To ignite fuel, use ordinary paper, a torch, etc. Do not use flammable substances: gasoline, kerosene or acetone.
As soon as the stove is lit, the view is covered a little, otherwise all the heat will immediately disappear.
The reference point when adjusting the draft during kindling is the color of the fire. A yellow flame color is considered optimal. If the flame is white, this indicates an excess of oxygen - a lot of heat goes straight into the chimney. Red flame - there is not enough air, the fuel burns partially, releasing harmful substances into the air.

Cleaning

Major cleaning, as well as renovation work, it is best to organize it in the summer, but in winter it is also necessary to periodically assess the amount of soot in the chimney. Sometimes, due to improper kindling, bad firewood or other reasons, contamination occurs much faster and additional cleaning will be required. When soot accumulates, at best, the thermal efficiency of the furnace decreases, and at worst, all the smoke and carbon monoxide can go into the room.

Video description

For information on cleaning a brick oven, watch the following video:

The ash chamber and cleaning of the grates should be carried out in each firebox.

Elements such as a valve, a view and a blower door serve to regulate the draft of the stove and its operating mode. Their functionality and integrity must be constantly monitored. As soon as problems arise or individual parts are worn out, the issue must be resolved immediately.

Conclusion

If there is a stove in the house, then there is heat and home comfort. But regardless of the chosen brick stove design, its proper functioning will depend not only on how well it is made, but also on its proper maintenance by the residents of the house.

IN country cottages for, as a rule, small brick kilns are installed. You can easily make such stoves yourself, having first studied the technology of laying stoves.

Choosing a brick oven for your home

First you need to decide on the specific type of oven. To do this, study in detail existing types ovens and choose the most suitable option for yourself:

Dutch channel ovens They are small in size and quite simple to construct. The efficiency is not high, about 40%. These ovens operate in slow burning mode.
Swedish chamber-channel brick kiln has more high efficiency, compared to the Dutch. Dimensions are also not large, but the design itself is more complex in execution. Besides this, everything building materials for this furnace it is necessary to select more carefully.
Russian stove has the highest efficiency, over 75%, but the laying of such a stove is very complex, and you are unlikely to be able to do it without the help of professionals.
Brick heating and cooking stove- a more common and simpler heating option. This stove requires a small amount of building materials, and you can make a simple design yourself.

If this is your first time building a stove, then choose a Dutch oven or a brick kiln for self-construction, because building Swedish stoves is more difficult and requires some experience in this matter. As for the Russian stove, you should not undertake its construction yourself.

The next step is to determine what size your stove will be and how many rooms it will heat. IN small house the stove can be placed in the wall between rooms.

The main condition for the placement and construction of the furnace is very simple: direct heating from the walls of the furnace should cover a large number of rooms.

If this is not possible, it is better to use stoves with built-in water heating coils. With this type of stove, the remaining rooms will be heated with special ones.

Brick for laying the furnace

For extended service life and proper operation stoves, you need to carefully select building materials, namely bricks. In addition to strength and durability, its thermophysical properties, which provide warmth in your home, also depend on your choice.

For a Swedish stove it is very important to choose high-quality building materials, but for a Dutch stove the quality requirements are not so high.

Heating brick stoves used to be made of red brick, but today we can distinguish 2 main types:

red ceramic brick, grade 150;
Fireclay fire-resistant brick.

The bricks must be the same size;
The use of hollow bricks or sand-lime bricks is strictly prohibited. A solid ceramic brick is required;
For cladding, choose decorative bricks;
For the combustion chamber, choose refractory fireclay bricks.

Instructions and drawing for ordering brick kilns

Now let's take a closer look at the masonry itself. All sides of masonry bricks have their own name, and the type of masonry is determined by them. The most common masonry of brick kilns is the butt and spoon masonry. Those. from the front side brick wall we will only be able to see these two sides of the brick. There is also bedding, but it is extremely rare to find it, because... It is not used for bricklaying stoves. When laying, the vertical seams between the bricks should not coincide.

Brickwork ovens start from the first row, constantly checking according to the diagram where the masonry is located. In this work, haste will be a bad help, the main thing is quality. If you are new to construction, it is better to initially lay each row without mortar, checking the drawings. And only after making sure that the entire installation is correct, apply the mortar to the bricks and lay them finally.

The thickness of the seam should be at least 2 mm, but not more than 3 mm, so it is better to remove excess clay immediately. In some cases, the thickness of the seam is exactly 5 mm. The brick must be placed immediately on right place, its further moving and tapping is unacceptable.

Excess clay mixture removed from bricks cannot be reused.

Below are instructions for laying:

Laying a brick stove for your home with your own hands will require a lot of free time. Each brick has its own important. If you approach the issue efficiently and responsibly, the end result will be warmth and comfort in your home.