Hello to all lovers of homemade products, every DIYer who works with wood to some extent probably has a separate device dedicated to grinding, whether on grinder or by hand, but sometimes it happens that the workpiece is round or needs to be sanded inside. In this article I will tell you how the author made grinding drums with his own hands, with the help of which Finishing work will not be a burden.
To make this homemade we need materials such as:
* Wooden planks, their thickness may vary, for an average drum it is 15-20mm.
*Steel rod or ready-made bolt.
* Washers and nuts.
*Sandpaper.
* Joiner's and PVA glue.
* Crowns or so-called annular drills.
* Rubber bands for banknotes.
First step. In order to get started, we need to determine the dimensions of the drum, after the dimensions are selected, we select the crown for the same size. Crown set in drilling machine we drill 5 round blanks, you can change this number depending on the desired height and the thickness of the blanks themselves.
Second step. Armed with PVA glue, glue the adjacent surfaces of the finished round blanks and clamp them to each other with a vise, observe the gluing accuracy so that one bar does not go beyond the edges of the other. At this stage, the strength properties of PVA glue will be enough.
Wait for it to dry completely, then fix the bolt in the middle in drilled hole and tighten on both sides with nuts, having previously thrown a washer on both sides.
Third step. This step requires a grinder or sandpaper, with the first method it will be easier and faster. We clamp the bolt with the finished drum into the cordless drill and grind it with coarse sandpaper, gradually moving to a finer grit, thereby giving a smooth surface to our drum.
Fourth step. The final assembly stage includes cleaning the drums from the dust that was formed in the previous stage, as well as covering the surface with wood glue for gluing the grinding element. With ordinary scissors, cut out a piece of sandpaper pre-marked to size and glue it butt-to-butt on the adhesive surface of the drum, and so that it does not stick out during the drying of the glue, fix it for a while with rubber bands for banknotes.
After that. as the glue dries completely, you can use the homemade product for its intended purpose, try the drums in action.
By manufacturing grinding drum(in the common people, "bosses").
A bar 90x60x60 mm is used as a blank
diagonals are drawn on it and the center for the faceplate is marked, so that it is convenient to center
a hole of 8.5 mm is drilled in the center, in order to subsequently screw a “capercaillie” into it (a large turnkey screw. It is advisable to drill it with a drilling machine, since in this case the alignment of the workpiece axis hole is very important 
We fasten the faceplate to the workpiece 
turning a workpiece on a lathe 
We grind it periodically by checking its cylindricity with a caliper (that is, the diameter of the part must be the same in any of its places). 
As a result, we get such a cylindrical part 
into which the "cracker" is screwed. With a caliper with a depth gauge (you can just use a nail of a suitable length), the depth of the hole is measured, and the "cracker" grinder is shortened under it. 
Using a long self-tapping screw, we coat the walls of the hole with polymer glue. We twist the “cracker” into it and cut off the hat with a grinder, holding it in a vise. 
Then we make a small conductor. take a piece of plywood and a calibrated bar. 
Having attached the workpiece of the boss, we mark the position of the bar. 
Then, having previously drilled to the edge (a pair of holes with a thin drill for self-tapping screws), we fasten the bar to the plywood base. First, one self-tapping screw, then, having aligned the bar on the square, the second. 
With another self-tapping screw we fasten our underdrum to the resulting frame. 
On the circular stop, we select a groove in the drum (we adjust the overhang of the disk so that it does not hook the axle in any case). We do this in several passes, getting about 10 mm niche exactly in the center of the drum. 
Then the car "anti-noise" comes into play. We mark 95 mm on it and cut it off stationery knife long piece. 
We wrap our drum with it, without going into the groove. 
The surplus entering the groove is cut off with the same clerical knife along an even bar. 
Such a plank is cut out of solid wood (in its lower part it is slightly narrowed). It has a couple of holes drilled into it. 
The drum is wrapped with sandpaper. It is necessary to try so that it enters the groove symmetrically. 
The sandpaper is stretched and pressed with this kind of wedge. You can knock it a little with a mallet through a block to immerse it below the grinding surface.
The wedge, plunging into the groove, pulls the sandpaper. It remains a pair of self-tapping screws (the holes for them were drilled in advance), we fix the wedge in place.
Ready. the drum is attached either to a drilling machine, you can also clamp it into a vertically fixed drill (there are a lot of options). 
He performs his function "excellently"
Everyone who has been involved construction work, repair, restoration of old doors, windows, window sills, etc., certainly faced the need to working surface was flat, smooth and gliding. Previously, we picked up sandpaper, if the surface was large, then we strengthened the sandpaper on a wooden trowel and, stocking up on great patience, began the monotonous and monotonous work - grinding. Now, to help professionals and amateurs, a lot of devices have been created, the so-called grinding machines and machines. Using them for various grinding operations, we facilitate the process of manual labor by shifting some of the simple functions to the machine. Today we will talk about grinding machines that are used to process wooden products.
Purpose, classification and scope of grinding machines
Grinding machines are used to reduce the surface roughness of workpieces, as well as to obtain accurate dimensions. Usually grinding is The final stage processing of pre-prepared parts.
When working on grinding machines, grinding materials and tools are used.
Grinding materials - special powders, pastes, abrasive skins.
Grinding tools include - cutting, polishing and grinding, circles, bars and segments.
Depending on the purpose, the machines are divided into several types:
Circular grinding;
Internal grinding;
surface grinding;
Specialized grinding machines.
The classification of machine tools is based on the following features:
Type of surface to be ground (internal or external, cylindrical or flat);
Type of parts that can be processed this machine(cylinders, shafts, rollers, rails, etc.);
Design features of machines (centerless, planetary, two-column);
Features of elements of workpieces (splines, threads, profiles, etc.).
The area in which grinding machines are used is very wide. Recent advances in machine tool building, as well as the production of parts by casting, stamping, rolling, turning and carpentry, make it possible to use grinding machines instead of turning and milling machines (horizontal boring machines). Now grinding machines can perform the following operations:
Cutting and peeling blanks;
Precise processing of various planes, wheel teeth, rotational surfaces, etc.;
Tool sharpening.
Drum grinder: purpose and main elements
Drum grinder It belongs in appearance to surface grinding, in class - to calibration. The main tool of the machine is a grinding wheel, which is made in the form of a cylinder (drum). Usually such a machine is used for woodworking. With it, it is very convenient to grind and calibrate boards, slats and other flat and long wooden parts, such as panel surfaces made of chipboard, MDF, solid wood, veneer, etc.
The main elements of the drum type grinder are:
The bed on which all components and parts of the machine are fixed;
Motor that provides rotation of the grinding and feed drums;
Sanding drum;
Mechanism for changing the frequency of rotation of the feed drum
Desktop;
feed drum;
Protective cover;
Device for dust removal;
The mechanism for changing the height of the grinding drum.
How the drum grinder works can be seen in the video.
Some models of drum-type grinding machines on the Russian market
Today on Russian market grinding equipment in the drum grinding machines section, products of various manufacturers are presented. The leading place here is occupied by products under the JET trademark. The American company JET, part of the Swiss holding WMH Tool Group AG, today presents the following industrial and domestic drum grinders:
JET 10-20 Plus. Price: 25000 rub.
The drum sander with a full capacity of 500 mm (250 mm x 2) is well suited for a small workshop where free space is highly valued.
JET 16-23 Plus. Price: 37000 rub.
Universal grinding machine with great potential and possibilities: production musical instruments, furniture manufacture, kitchen sets, shop and bar equipment, a wide range of carpentry operations.
Double drum sander JET DDS-225. Price: 160,000 rubles.
Very powerful machine, suitable for operation in production conditions.
The Russian Tool Company Enkor, an official dealer of leading foreign manufacturers of tools, equipment, machine tools, etc., offers the Corvette 57 drum grinding machine manufactured in China. The machine is designed to perform preliminary grinding of flat wooden blanks and bring products to a given size, processing varnished and primed surfaces.
Corvette 57 - drum grinder price: 24100 rub.
The German company Elmos Werkzeuge, a manufacturer of power tools, woodworking equipment, garden equipment, presents its Elmos DS 163 drum type grinder. Price: 16400 rubles. Designed for use in production as an alternative to manual grinders.
Summarizing this summary grinding machines that are offered for purchase on the territory of the Russian Federation, it can be said with confidence that there is a certain choice. You can find machines for use in large-scale production, in small businesses and for use in personal households. As they say: "Any whim for your money."
However, not everyone today is ready to pay a tidy sum for a grinding machine. And the habit left from the time of the Union to do everything from improvised materials and with your own hands, makes modern Kulibins move their convolutions, rustle in the bottom of the barrel and "the eyes are afraid, but the hands do" - to produce a lot of useful and necessary things. Moreover, technologically they are not much inferior to their production counterparts, but in price they are several times cheaper. Below we will see how to assemble homemade drum grinding machine.
DIY drum sander
What it is useful for, we examined above, as well as what it should consist of. Therefore, we take a list of the main elements and begin to look for and collect them. And then let's talk about how to make a drum grinder at home
Engine
Let's start with the engine. The easiest way is to take from the old washing machine. If it is, then half the work is done. From there you can take the entire electrical part, pulleys and belt.
Making a grinding drum
Now about the drum. It can be made from various materials and sometimes, it would seem, completely unnecessary remnants of repair and construction activities. For example, from wooden rings cut and glued together, or four cylindrical bars fixed on a metal axis with epoxy glue, or from a paper pipe onto which a linoleum roll is wound.
Here we will consider in more detail the manufacture of a drum from a piece of PVC pipe. For manufacturing, we need: a steel rod 16-20 mm, a piece of PVC pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, wooden plank, screws, rubber, glue. Perhaps everything. The steel rod will be the axis of the drum. We cut off a piece of the required size from the pipe. In length, it is slightly smaller than the rod. We cut out two end caps from wood according to the diameter of the internal section of our PVC pipe. We drill a hole in them for the rod. Plugs are inserted into the pipe and secured with screws. The screw heads must be recessed. We pass our rod through the holes of the plugs and fasten them with epoxy glue. We glue thick rubber on top of the PVC pipe. It will serve as a substrate for the skin and provide it with a better fit to the part. The drum is ready. Sandpaper can be strengthened with staples for a stapler or on double sided tape. It is better to glue the tape in a spiral, this will avoid shocks when sanding.
Case and desktop
Wood or 15mm aviation plywood is suitable for the machine body. You can also make a table out of them. We make the case simply and unpretentiously: two side panels, a spacer panel in the middle and a desktop consisting of a base firmly attached to the case and a movable part. The working table must be strong and must not bend when pressing the workpiece against the drum. On the feed side, it can be reinforced with an additional crossbar, which will also create supporting surface for the adjusting screw.
In order to ensure the adjustment of the stroke of the working table relative to the drum, on one side we fasten its movable part to the base with two hinges or a piano hinge, and on the feed side, through the middle spacer, we screw in the adjusting screw. It is important to know what the thread pitch of the screw is, then it will be possible to set required thickness detail processing.
Installation
IN lower part mount the engine housing. We derive its axis through a hole previously made in the body. In the upper part of the body we install a grinding drum. The axis of the drum rests on two bearings in cages, which are bolted to the side walls. We make the holes for the clips a little larger in diameter. So it will be easier for us to align the drum. We fasten the pulleys on the axis of the engine and the drum and pull the drive belt. We mount the wires and the switch. We screw in the adjusting bolts from the bottom and the clamping bolts on the sides, which will support the desktop at the desired height.
The final touch - the case can be treated with varnish or paint, of course, before installation. Now our homemade drum sander is ready for use. For more convenience in work, you can add to it protective cover above the drum. Connect the nozzle from the vacuum cleaner to the casing. This will remove the dust generated during operation.
In conclusion. In this article, we tried to consider issues related to drum-type grinding machines. And you make a choice to work on the device purchased in the store or make it yourself.
Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of the final polishing of the finished product.
This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, And building elements(doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as bring smoothness and shine to the wood.
Certainly, grinding work can be done with a regular piece of sandpaper or a special nozzle for drills or angle grinders. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, for such purposes, various grinding machines were created.
Most often in living conditions and in the conditions of small-scale production they use a drum grinding machine, the device, the principle of operation and the possibility of making it with our own hands, we will consider in this publication.
1 Drum grinder - device, principle of operation
The drum grinder got its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the function of grinding.
In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give the wooden surface a perfect smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Grinder drum or any other type allows you to adjust the wooden part under the right dimensions with millimeter precision.
This machine is used for finishing sanding and grading of flat and long wood products, such as wood panel surfaces, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, and so on. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.
1.1 Main components
Drum grinder appearance and does not have a set of basic components fundamental differences from any other machine.
The basic package of such a device includes the following elements:
- The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
- The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed tape in motion.
- Grinding planer drum, on which the emery belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tensioning mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. The rotating drum with sanding belt directly smoothes the woodwork.
- Feed drum with conveyor belt. This part of the woodworking machine produces self-wiring wooden product on the grinding drum. Due to the flat surface of the conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum along its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the desired dimensions.
- The mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
- Fixing racks of the grinding drum, equipped with a ruler. The ruler and screw fixation on the racks allow you to set the required thickness, under which the product must be adjusted.
- The protective cover covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
- Machine for removing dust and chips.
1.2 How it works
Such a grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part rotates the engine at high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.
The sander can have different weights, different sizes, sanding drum length, conveyor belt length and width, maximum and minimum drum installation height, etc.
The choice of technical parameters of the device depends on the functions for which it is purchased.
After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, a non-centered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.
To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feed belt, lower the drum on them and fix them in this position. Next, set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part to be ground.
We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final - the maximum - 3 meters per minute.
The grinding drum should gain momentum, like a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the beam under the drum occurs automatically.
We repeat this action the required number of times until our part comes into the desired shape and acquires the specified dimensions.
If the sides of the product have different size, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.
2 Types of machines
If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: the scope and the functions performed.
According to the field of application, the machines are:
- circular grinding machines. Are intended for processing of the details having round section;
- surface grinding. Their job is to grind. flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
- internal grinding. With the help of such mechanisms, the internal surfaces of the product are processed. Drills are often used for this purpose;
- specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.
Different machines can perform different functions:
- pruning and cleaning;
- sharpening;
- grinding.
2.1 We make a drum machine with our own hands
It is difficult to make a drum grinder for raw wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.
To do this, we take a list necessary elements and looking for suitable material and spare parts.
And so, we need:
- Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table is suitable, to which other elements of the machine can be screwed. It is better if the bed is metal. If you have to use a wooden structure, you need to strengthen it with your own hands.
- Electric motor with a power of 200-300 watts. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. Better if it is single phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, a mechanism from an old washing machine is suitable (in this case, we take pulleys with a belt from it), drills, grinders, etc.
- Sanding drum for wood. This is perhaps most important and most hard part machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We will talk later about how and from what to make a home-made grinding drum with our own hands.
- Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The height adjustment mechanism can be made by hand in two versions. First option - through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it only allows you to work with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws mounted perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by tightening the screws, we will be able to raise the grinding device, releasing - to lower it. In the second variant, height adjustment is possible with an accuracy of up to a millimeter.
We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. It's possible, but not necessary. Submission for homemade machines is usually done manually.
2.2 Making a drum
Before proceeding with the manufacture of the drum itself, you need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The point is that what smaller size cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.
To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the desired length and diameter. It can be a wooden beam with round section, PVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.
We will consider as a material pvc pipe for making a drum with your own hands.
- Take the right size cut plastic pipe. We also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs that match in diameter with the inner diameter of the pipe, self-tapping screws, rubber, glue.
- We take the plugs and make holes in them that correspond in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
- Holes in the plugs must be exactly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to incorrect operation of the machine.
- We tightly plant the plugs into the pipe and fix it with self-tapping screws.
- Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude from the cylinder by 2-3 cm on each side. It is she who will act as an attachment to the adjusting racks.
- We glue rubber on the drum. To her it will be easier to attach the sanding belt.
2.3 Assembling the machine
To assemble the machine you need:
- Install the racks on the frame.
- Attach the drum to them so that the height of its rise can be adjusted.
- Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
- You can get to work.
2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)
During manufacture wooden structures it is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor take a long time and not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more expedient to make a machine with your own hands.
The design of the drum machine
Manufacturing should begin with a study of the design features of this type of equipment. The drum type grinder is designed for processing wooden surfaces, their alignment and deburring.
The device belongs to the type of surface grinders for wood, which perform the function of calibration. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making the unit with your own hands is the choice optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.
Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:
- frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
- power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this;
- grinding drum. It is important to choose the right diameter, the method of chip removal. With your own hands, you can make the base on which the emery tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a cutting edge from a professional turner. It all depends on the type of work;
- a device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
- Desktop. The workpiece will be located on it. Experts recommend that when making a machine with their own hands, this component should be made of fiberglass;
Additionally, in drum grinding equipment, it is possible to provide for a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing zone. It is also recommended to make a desktop with a variable height relative to the working drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden blank.
If it is necessary to grind the outer or inner plane of the board, the drum must be placed horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust its height.
Types of grinding drum machines
The next step is to choose the design of the woodworking machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade equipment drum type is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.
For factory production lines special processing centers are needed. They have complex functionality, they can simultaneously perform several operations. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, as home equipment they are not worth considering.
There are the following types of machining centers:
- surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-manufacturing;
- circular grinding. Are intended for processing of cylindrical surfaces. To do this, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
- planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.
To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are characterized by a simple design, availability of components and relatively fast manufacturing.
In addition to leveling with drum sanders, you can remove a layer of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden parts do-it-yourself interiors.
Self-made grinding machine
The most simple model do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Grinding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.
But such a design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make wood equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models, which can be taken from the old household appliances– washing machine or vacuum cleaner.
The procedure for the manufacture of a homemade machine.
- Frame. It must be stable enough. Therefore, it is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. Alternatively, 10 mm thick plexiglass can be considered.
- The motor is mounted in such a way that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
- Drum for processing. If it is planned to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
- Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to the stationary cylinder.
- Control block. Do-it-yourself designs rarely provide for the possibility of adjusting the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.
Homemade machine