How efficient is a ceiling fan - everything you would like to know about this device

This article will be of interest to anyone who values climatic comfort and has decided to install a fan in their home or apartment. From the text below you will learn how to assemble and install a ceiling fan with your own hands. I will talk about how to connect it correctly, and also share tips on choosing this device and its maintenance.

Types of Ceiling Fans

Among the many various models household ceiling fans, three separate groups of these devices can be distinguished:

Hanging Ceiling Fan – a device in a metal or plastic case, inside of which an electric motor with a supply voltage of 220 or 12 volts is installed. An impeller with metal, wooden or plastic blades is mounted on the electric motor shaft. The entire device assembly is suspended at a slight distance from the ceiling, using a vertical rod, and connected via a voltage regulator or regular switch to a household electrical network;

Ceiling chandelier fan — combined device, which is the usual hanging chandelier, with an integrated ceiling fan. In the manufacture of such devices great value is given to their design;

Exhaust models of flow fans - designed to remove gaseous human waste products and accelerate air exchange in enclosed spaces. They usually have a built-in design and are installed inside ventilation ducts that are hidden behind suspended or suspended ceilings. Thus, only the outer part of the protective and decorative air intake grille on the ceiling remains visible in the room.

In ceiling chandeliers with a built-in fan, the electric motor is usually installed in a decorative housing at the top of the chandelier, so that the movable hub with blades is located between the light source and the ceiling.
This is done in order to avoid constantly moving shadows and annoying glare from the rotating impeller blades, which can fall on the floor, walls and surrounding objects when the fan and overhead lighting are turned on at the same time.

Device and principle of operation

All types of fans, depending on the operating principle and design of the blades, are conventionally divided into two types: axial and centrifugal:

IN axial fans the air flow is directed parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller, and moves due to the positive angle of attack of the oncoming blades;
IN centrifugal fans the air flow is captured by the oncoming blades and moves in the radial direction relative to the axis of rotation of the impeller, under the influence of centrifugal force.

Some people consider a fan as a cheaper and more economical alternative to a household air conditioner, but I want to say right away that it is not entirely correct to compare these two devices with each other. Despite the fact that both devices are designed to increase comfort and improve the indoor microclimate, they have completely different operating principles:

Unlike an air conditioner, a ceiling fan by itself never increases or decreases the air temperature in the room, therefore, during its operation, it always remains practically unchanged;
During the rotation of the blades, all surrounding objects in the line of sight are covered with a continuous directed flow of air, which moves at a constant low speed;

Continuous air movement leads to increased evaporation of moisture from human body , which in turn causes a feeling of slight coolness;
As is known, warm air in a room it always rushes upward, to the ceiling, and the cold one spreads along the bottom, at floor level. During operation of the fan, all layers of air are forcibly mixed, so the same temperature is always maintained throughout the entire volume of the room. Because of this, such devices are also called mixing fans;
In order to effectively mix the maximum volume of air in large rooms, the blades of such fans must have a sufficiently large span, so in some models they can be folding;

Exhaust ceiling fans have a slightly different operating principle. They are installed at the entrance of the exhaust ventilation duct, and when turned on, they remove stale, musty, or humid air from the room to the street;
During operation of the exhaust fan, a low pressure zone is created in the room. Due to the resulting forced vacuum, fresh air from the street begins to enter the room, through open vents, cracks in window and doorways, or through supply ventilation ducts;
Considering the specifics of the operation of ceiling exhaust fans, they are most often used for the bathroom or toilet, for the basement, boiler room, as well as other non-residential and utility rooms that require forced ventilation;

To effectively mix the air in the room, all models of ceiling fans (including chandeliers) have an axial blade arrangement, so the air flow from them will always be directed up or down, parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller.
Exhaust models can be manufactured both axially and centrifugally, since their main task is exclusively to remove exhaust air from the room, through ventilation duct into the atmosphere.

Main advantages and disadvantages

If you are still in doubt about which is better to choose, a ceiling fan or an air conditioner, then below I will give a brief comparative characteristics these two devices:

Currently One of the most significant criteria for choosing any product is its price. For example, the cost of a ceiling fan averages from 4,000 to 18,000 rubles, while the purchase and installation of a simple air conditioner will cost you no less than 30-40 thousand rubles;

Installation of a ceiling fan, any home handyman can do it with his own hands without much difficulty without outside help, and for installation and connection of the air conditioner it is necessary to involve a qualified specialist;
Modern split split systems include external unit, for the installation of which you will have to additionally attract climbers, or order an aerial platform. In addition, the placement of an outdoor unit on the facade of a building will, in some cases, need to be coordinated with local aesthetic authorities of the urban environment;
The power consumption of ceiling fans is much lower than that of household air conditioners, so their operation will cost you much less;

Ceiling fans can be installed not only indoors, but also on fresh air . For example, on a covered, summer terrace or in garden gazebo, it will cool a person in the same way as in a house or apartment. Using a regular air conditioner, in this case, will be inappropriate, because it will still be of no use;
During the cold season, the fan impeller can be run in reverse mode. This will improve the efficiency of household heating devices, since rising air currents can enhance natural convection from heating radiators;

The directed air flow from the fan always has room temperature, and does not create drafts, therefore, even a long stay of a person in such conditions cannot lead to severe hypothermia of the body;
With an air conditioner, the opposite is true, since under a stream of cooled air, even physically strong and healthy person may get a cold without noticing;
Unlike table or floor fans, ceiling fans do not take up free space, and do not require extra space for storage in winter time year. Besides they are absolutely safe for small children and pets, because their rotating blades are located out of reach;
Modern ceiling fans with light have original design and aesthetic appearance , therefore they do not stand out from the general design style of the apartment, and are harmoniously combined with other interior details;

Exhaust ceiling fans allow you to quickly get rid of cold damp air or harsh unpleasant odor indoors, so such devices are often used for a bathroom or shower room, toilet, kitchen, dressing room or home workshop;
Installing an exhaust fan on the ceiling is considered more effective than installing it on the wall, because this is the location vent promotes the fastest and most complete exchange of the entire volume of air in the room;
Some people don't like the fact that ceiling fans make a lot of noise when they operate and disperse dust and debris around the room. In that case I can give two simple advice: To prevent the blades from making noise and vibrating during rotation, they need to be properly balanced, and to prevent dust from flying around the room, it is enough to carry out wet cleaning in the apartment in a timely manner.

Using ceiling fans in combination with household appliances heating and air conditioning, to some extent increases their energy efficiency. This is achieved due to the complete mixing of warm and cold layers of air, and due to the forced movement of air flows through the heat exchange grilles of radiators and air conditioners.

Technical Specifications of Ceiling Fans

In most cases, a hanging fan occupies the most prominent place on the ceiling, in the central part of the room, so when purchasing this device for their apartment, many residents first of all pay attention to its design. I believe that this is the right approach, however, in addition to appearance, I recommend paying attention to its technical specifications, design and additional functionality:

The most important indicator when choosing any electrical appliance, is its power consumption. In this case, the higher the power value of the electric motor, the greater the volume of air the blades can process per unit time. When choosing the fan power for each specific room, I suggest using the following formula: P = S *2, where P – power consumption (W), S – room area (m²);

All types of ceiling household fans have three standard sizes, which are determined by the span of the impeller blades. In nomenclature designations, these dimensions are usually indicated in inches. Thus, when choosing suitable size impellers, I advise you to adhere to the following recommendations:

Size 30” (762mm) fits small bedroom or kitchens up to 9 m²;
Size 42” (1066 mm) can be used for a spacious bedroom or local recreation area up to 16 m²;
The 52” (1320 mm) size should be chosen for a large family room, family room or studio room up to 32 m².

In order to be able to increase or decrease the blowing intensity, you should choose models with smooth or stepwise adjustment of the impeller rotation speed. In the case of step adjustment, the number of rotation speeds must be at least three;

To ensure a comfortable long-term stay for residents in a room with a running fan, The noise level at maximum blade speed should be no more than 30 decibels;
If there are small children or pets (especially cats and birds) in the home, the rapidly rotating blades may pose a risk of injury to them. To prevent this from happening, I recommend choosing fan models that are equipped with a protective mesh or fine grille installed around the impeller;
When buying an outdoor fan for installation on a summer terrace or in a garden gazebo, it is necessary to ensure that the level of protection of the electrical part of the device has an index of at least IP 65. The same rule applies to all exhaust fans that are installed in rooms with high humidity(kitchen, bathroom or shower room, dressing room, unheated attic, cellar, etc.).

Some more expensive models of ceiling fans from European manufacturers are equipped with an impeller with adjustable blade pitch, which allows you to synchronously change the angle of attack of each blade without stopping the electric motor. This function makes it possible to significantly reduce the noise level, as well as more flexibly control the intensity and direction of the air flow.

Additional features

In the competition for the end consumer, each manufacturer of household appliances is trying in every possible way to improve its products. Therefore, modern household ceiling fans can have a number of auxiliary useful and not so useful functions:

Remote controller remote control allows you to remotely turn on and off the chandelier lighting or fan motor, as well as adjust the strength and direction of the air flow, without even getting up from your favorite sofa;

The presence of an electronic timer makes it possible to program the operation of the electric motor by the clock, throughout the current day, or even a whole week. For example, in the hot daytime the impeller will spin at full power, with the onset of coolness in the evening, its rotation speed will decrease to medium speed, and at night, before going to bed, the fan will automatically switch to the minimum operating mode;
Ceiling fans with chandeliers can be equipped with a small battery. If there is a power outage, the power will not be enough to rotate the impeller. At the same time, the LED lamp will be able to work in autonomous mode on a single battery charge for several hours;

The built-in presence sensor will automatically start the electric motor when there are people nearby. This mode of operation will significantly save electricity, in addition, this function will be useful for a ceiling exhaust fan in the toilet;
For a bathroom, shower or dressing room, an electronic air humidity sensor may be useful. It will automatically turn on the fan when the concentration of water vapor in the surrounding air reaches a high level, and automatically turn it off when the air humidity returns to normal;

Built-in high-frequency ionizing radiation source, according to manufacturers, saturates the air in the room with charged negative ions, which supposedly have a positive influence on human health;
Another dubious feature is the built-in air freshener.. Its operating principle is that there is an open container above the impeller into which you need to place a capsule with aromatic oils. When the air flow passes through this capsule, it should be saturated with a pleasant smell.

My opinion may seem biased to some, however, in my opinion, the last two functions are absolutely useless. I believe that adding these features to ceiling fans is purely a marketing ploy by the manufacturer because... everyday life, it is unlikely that anyone will use them constantly.

The safety and efficiency of your ceiling fan will largely depend on how well you install it. Rotating blades can cause vibration and create significant dynamic loads, so the mounting bracket for hanging the fan from the ceiling must have at least four mounting holes.

To prevent transmission of vibration to the ceiling, the fan housing should be attached to the mounting bracket using a movable hinge joint, leaving small gaps.

To distribute air flow evenly, the blade fan must be attached to the ceiling exactly in the center of the room. If it is used to blow air into a local recreation area, then it must be mounted in the center of this area;

For reasons of safety of residents and guests of your home, the rotating impeller blades must be located at a height of no less than 2100 mm from the finished floor level;
It should be borne in mind that the smaller the distance from the blades to the ceiling, the less air the impeller can move per unit of time. Thus, the optimal distance from the ceiling to the blades should be at least 300 mm;
To install on attic floor with a sloped roof, or for an apartment with very high ceilings, I recommend using an extended mounting rod. Its length must be selected so that the distance from the floor to the blades is within 2400-2800 mm;

For fastening to concrete ceiling you should use a standard set of dowels and self-tapping screws for concrete;
When installed on pendant or suspended ceilings, the mounting bracket must be fastened through spacers or load-bearing embedded structures directly to the main ceiling;
Connecting the terminal block to a household electrical network is carried out according to standard scheme : The brown wire should be connected to the terminal marked “L”, the blue wire should be connected to the terminal marked “N”, and the yellow-green wire should be connected to the screw protective grounding with the sign "earth" or letter designation"PE".

Readers often ask: how to make a ceiling fan yourself from an ordinary chandelier? To do this, you need to remove the motor from the old floor fan, along with the impeller, rotation speed controller and metal protective grille. Next, this entire block must be secured from below to ceiling lamp, and connect through a separate switch to the home electrical network.

Setup and routine maintenance of ceiling fans

If, after turning on the ceiling fan, it begins to vibrate strongly, hum loudly, and sway in different directions, then in most cases, the cause of such a malfunction is an imbalance in the weight balance of the blades. Before balancing the fan blades, you need to purchase a special balancing kit from a hardware store.

It consists of several weighted clamps in the form of a large paper clip, and several metal weights with a self-adhesive backing.

First of all, you need to check the reliability of fastening all the blades to the rotating hub, which is located on the motor shaft. If the threaded fastener is loose or loose, it must be tightened using a screwdriver or hex wrench;

Next, you need to measure the distance from the ceiling surface to the tail end of each blade in the center plane. If for one of the blades this distance differs from the others, then you need to carefully bend it, or loosen the fastening, align the blade, and re-tighten the mounting screws;
In order to determine which blade needs balancing, you need to attach a clamp from the balancing kit to one of them and turn on the fan. If the vibration does not decrease, or, on the contrary, increases, then you need to move the clamp to another blade;

If the vibration has decreased, then it is necessary to either add another clamp, or gradually move the existing clamp from the center of the blade to its tail end until the vibration stops completely;
After you find the optimal number and correct location of the clamps, at this place, on the back side of the blade, you need to glue one or more balancing weights (according to the number of clamps). The temporary clamp must then be removed;
If we talk about how to balance an exhaust fan, then this work is done in a similar way, except that it will require balancing weights of less weight and size.

If the room is rarely held wet cleaning, then the balancing of the impeller may become disrupted over time due to uneven settling of the dust layer. This problem is especially relevant for the kitchen, since uneven adhesion of grease and dirt particles can lead to weight imbalance in a short time.
To eliminate this phenomenon, it is enough to thoroughly wash each blade on both sides, using any household detergent.

Conclusion

From the article you learned how a ceiling fan works and what models exist on the market. Recommendations for installation and connection will help you self-installation. And care recommendations will prolong the life of your climate control equipment. Be sure to watch the video in this article; if you have any questions, I’m ready to answer them in the comments.

November 28, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Use these instructions to learn how to install a DIY ceiling fan. All you need to complete this project is a helper and a few simple tools.

Turn off the electricity

As a precaution, always turn off electrical network before starting any electrical work. Make sure you attach a note in bold letters to the breaker box: "Don't touch. I work with electricity.".

Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully and assemble all necessary tools.

Install the support brace

Attach a support brace between the beams on the ceiling where you want to install the fan, as it can weigh up to 23kg. If the ceiling is covered with plasterboard, it is necessary to access the main ceiling slab to attach a brace for stability and cut a piece of plasterboard to fit the junction box.

Attach the fan bracket

With the lamp removed, attach the ceiling fan bracket by simply screwing it to the junction box with a couple of screws.

Determining the connection and installation of the motor

Identify the wiring that comes out of the box. In this case, you should work with bare copper wire, as well as black (phase) and white neutral (neutral) wires. They will supply electricity to the fan. There is also a green wire that relates to itself.

Place the fan motor in the sleeve bearing.

Match the wires and attach the cover

Match the wires from the junction box to the wires from the ceiling fan, following the manufacturer's instructions and twisting them together. Secure the ends together with decorative caps.

Place the wires back in junction box and attach the cover. Thread the screws through the keyways to hold the cover in place. Then secure the screws and thread the removable rim (trimming ring) through them until they are completely closed.

To cool the room in the summer, and at the same time save energy and money for purchasing an air conditioner, the best option will use a fan ceiling type. We will learn further about the design, varieties and subtleties of choosing this device.

Design and design of a ceiling fan

A ceiling fan is a device that is installed on the ceiling and performs the function of mixing air, thereby cooling the room.

The main components of a ceiling fan are:

electric motor - has the form of a single-phase, asynchronous machine, which contains several dozen poles; thanks to the presence of a fan, the blades of the device rotate;
the body part is made of plastic or metal parts, comes in a wide variety of colors and shapes;
the blades of the device are designed to mix the air in the room, the number of blades varies, most average models contain from 3 to 6 blades, metal, plastic, wood and other materials are used to design this component;
the strips that fix the fan to the ceiling, attach the blades to the body part, in most cases are made of metal;
fastening system - designed to secure the fan structure to the ceiling;
elements for decorating and hiding the fan mounting system;
various regulators, remote controls and switches.

The principle of operation of a ceiling fan is based on the movement of air in space, while the temperature external environment remains unchanged. Unlike an air conditioner, which reduces the air temperature, thus forcing the body to enter a new stressful situation, and in some cases leads to colds. Using a ceiling fan is safer.

Excess heat is dissipated directly from the human skin, but the temperature remains the same. The use of a ceiling fan is comparable to the blowing of a light breeze, therefore it is completely safe and less energy-consuming.

Most ceiling fans have two operating modes:

summer,
winter

In the first case, the operation of the fan is aimed at cooling people who are indoors in the summer. Winter operating mode promotes uniform distribution of cold and hot air in the room. When using convector heating systems, warm air is on top and cold air is below to distribute it evenly throughout the room using a ceiling fan.

Advantages and scope of use of a ceiling fan

The main advantages of using ceiling fans:

1. Ease of installation - unlike an air conditioner, for the installation of which you will need to hire a specialist, installation of a ceiling fan does not take much time, and can be done by anyone who is able to study the installation instructions.

2. The absence of additional external units also has a positive effect on the ease of installation; when installing a fan in an apartment, there is no need to coordinate its installation in special institutions.

3. A large number of different models of ceiling fans will help you choose a device that will fit perfectly into any interior or exterior of the building.

4. Installation, both indoors and outdoors. Installing an air conditioner on the summer terrace of a cafe will be a ridiculous and ineffective solution, since the newly cooled air will instantly heat up, unlike a fan that cools objects and consumes no large number electricity.

5. Low power costs are another very important benefit of using a ceiling fan.

6. The cost of a ceiling fan is quite low compared to the cost of air conditioners.

7. Cooling with ceiling fans is more harmless to human health than constant exposure to air conditioning.

8. In some cases, ceiling fans are installed in conjunction with air conditioners. They promote uniform distribution of air in space.

9. Unlike floor or table type fans, ceiling fans do not take up much space, do not require special storage in the winter and fit perfectly into the interior of the room.

10. Such devices are safe in the presence of children, who constantly pull the wires and can injure their fingers on the blades of a conventional fan.

Scope of use of ceiling fans:

domestic, public, industrial premises,
open verandas,
attics,
apartments,
dachas,
cottages,
gazebos,
cafe,
restaurants, etc.

The scope of use of ceiling fans is much wider than that of air conditioners. Since they are also used in open street areas.

Types of Ceiling Fans

Ceiling fans are differentiated by location and operating principle. Fans available:

universal,
household,
street,
industrial,
energy saving.

Universal type ceiling fans are suitable for installation in any room; they are designed to work in both summer and cold seasons. Such devices are made from special materials that differ high power and versatility. Even with the most high work, such fans do not create much noise. To increase the level of resistance of these materials to environmental influences, high-quality coating is used.

Fans household type used for cooling air in residential premises. As a rule, such devices are installed in the bedroom or living room. It is possible to install a ceiling fan on a summer terrace or in the attic. The main feature of such devices is their attractive appearance, technicality and high level comfort. Domestic fans have lower efficiency compared to universal fans. Since the various shapes of the blades, decorative elements cases significantly affect fan performance. Such fans are used in rooms where there are a large number of people. When using an air conditioner, the air, due to the frequent opening of doors, will be cooled; in the case of a ceiling fan, the human body is cooled, not the air, which is why household fans are especially popular in such establishments.

Outdoor ceiling fans have special protection against water ingress; they are also resistant to temperature changes, wind and ultraviolet radiation. These devices are used as air coolers for open verandas or summer areas.

Industrial ceiling fans are used to cool air in factories, shopping centers, supermarkets, in establishments where a large number of people work. They are distinguished by very high power, but the appearance of such fans is standard, there are practically no decorative elements.

Energy-saving ceiling fans save energy consumption by almost half compared to conventional fans. Using a component such as an electric motor DC, allows you to significantly save electricity consumption. At the same time, the performance of this device remains at the proper level, but the noise performance is reduced.

1. To buy a ceiling fan, contact a specialized household or electrical equipment store.

2. The price for a ceiling fan is determined by the following parameters:

power and performance;
blade length;
blade sizes;
blade angle;
device dimensions;
design.

3. Try to choose optimal size a fan that can easily cope with cooling the room in which it will be installed.

4. The smaller the height between the ceiling and the fan blades, the more air the device will process.

5. If the humidity in the room is low, the fan performance also decreases.

6. If you need to buy a fan with high performance, pay attention to the rotation speed of the blades; the higher it is, the higher the performance of the device.

7. A bathroom ceiling fan should have moisture-resistant properties and be safe.

8. When purchasing a ceiling fan with a light, pay attention to the wattage of the light bulb so that the lighting is not too dim. Some models, in the winter season, serve only as chandeliers, since their blades are removed.

9. Fan - ceiling chandelier will be an excellent decoration for any living room or bedroom. In the summer, this unit will give you coolness, and in the winter, it will help to mix cold air with warm.

10. Ceiling exhaust fan is used as an exhaust hood, installed in the bathroom, toilet and removes excess moisture and odor from the room.

11. Before purchasing a fan, you should determine where it will be installed. It is better if this is the central part of the room, since in this case the air will be distributed evenly.

12. When installing a fan in very large rooms, you should consider purchasing several ceiling fans as one will not be enough.

13. In relation to the size of the fan, they are divided into large -52, medium - 42 and small - 30.

14. Models with traditional rods are best used in rooms with low ceilings.

15. Choose the color of the fan based on the interior of the room so that it fits harmoniously into the overall design.

Overview of Ceiling Fan Manufacturers

1. Helios Ventilatonen (Germany) - ceiling fans that have the following characteristics:

strength and reliability of the structure;
attractive appearance;
possibility of use both in winter and summer;
characterized by a wide range of applications;
low electricity consumption;
the frame is made of durable metal;
varnish coating of a closed engine;
easy installation;
absence of noise and vibration during operation.

2. Vortiche (Italy) - they produce chandeliers and fans that have the following characteristics:

used in the domestic sphere;
Can be equipped with an additional lamp;
number of blades - three;
no noise during operation;
attractive appearance;
fixation mode using a fastening hook;
Possibility to choose color.

3. Nordic (Italy) - distinguished by the presence of four blades, and wood texture. The blades are made of painted steel sheets. A distinctive characteristic of these fans is high performance and low noise level. Individual selection of the device is possible, depending on the parameters of the room. Some models require a lamp.

4. Olympic Star - Russian-made fan chandeliers, which have the following features:

use in residential premises;
has a body color in the form of aged gilding;
cedar color of blades;
possibility of autonomous operation of a lamp or fan;
the kit includes a fan, a lamp, mounting plate, rods and fasteners;
warranty period - one year;
The chandelier is characterized by the presence of five blades and the ability to install five shades.

5. Mini Eter (Spain) - chandelier fans, which are characterized by:

the presence of a transparent color;
one lampshade, the ability to install only one lamp;
various operating modes;
presence of six speeds;
warranty period - two years;
presence of a remote control;
weight 5340 g.

1. Installing a ceiling fan on a concrete base involves attaching the device to the ceiling using standard size dowels and screws.

2. To install the fan on a pendant or slatted ceiling It is necessary to provide for the presence of special hanging elements on which the device will subsequently be mounted.

3. To avoid vibration during fan operation, ensure in advance that there are gaps between the ceiling and the device body.

4. Before installing the fan - chandelier, you should make sure to turn off the power supply.

5. When installing the fan, carefully read the instructions, because different models have different ways and types of fastening.

6. A standard fan is characterized by the presence of two decorative caps, the main function of which is to protect fastening devices and wires.

7. The fan is attached to the ceiling using a hook, which comes in a variety of types. The rod allows you to adjust the distance between the fan blades.

All people create for themselves differently comfortable conditions residence - some, without further ado, install air conditioning, others are content with ordinary fans, while others get original and, reinventing the wheel, try to assemble a ceiling fan with their own hands. In this article we will talk about how to install a ceiling fan yourself - not only that, we will get acquainted with the varieties of these devices, study their features and much more.

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The question is trivial. First, we recommend determining where to install your homemade fan. Two types of engines dominate in technology: commutator (historically the first), asynchronous (invented by Nikola Tesla). The first ones make a lot of noise, switching sections causes a spark, the brushes rub, causing noise. An asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor is quieter and generates less interference. You will find the start-up protection relay in the refrigerator. By adding a couple of phrases of humorous phrases, we will return the seriousness of the site. How to make a fan with your own hands without scaring your family. Let's try to answer.

Aspects of designing a homemade fan

The design of the fan is so simple that there is no point in telling or describing the insides. What to consider when designing? Remember the growl cyclonic vacuum cleaner, volume above 70 dB. Inside is a commutator motor. Often deprived of the ability to regulate speed. Decide whether a similar level is acceptable at the installation site for a homemade fan. sound pressure? Having chosen the second, we will concentrate on asynchronous motors, simple models do not require a starting winding. The power is low, the secondary EMF is induced by the stator field.

The drum of an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor is cut with copper conductors along the generatrix, at an angle to the axis. The direction of the slope determines the direction of rotation of the engine rotor. Copper conductors are not insulated from the drum material, the conductivity of the Olympic metal exceeds the surrounding material (silumin), the potential difference between adjacent conductors is small. Current flows through copper. There is no contact between the stator and rotor, the spark has nowhere to come from (the wire is covered with varnish insulation).

The noise of an asynchronous motor is determined by two factors:

Alignment of stator and rotor.
Bearing quality.

By correctly setting up and servicing an asynchronous motor, you can achieve almost complete noiselessness. We recommend considering whether sound pressure level is important. The case concerns a duct fan - it is allowed to use a commutator motor, the requirements will be determined by the location of the section.

The duct fan is placed inside the air duct section and mounted, breaking the duct. The section is removed for maintenance.

Noise loses its dominant role. The sound wave, passing through the air duct, attenuates. Particularly fast is the part of the spectrum that has inconsistent dimensions relative to the width/length of the path section. Read more textbooks on acoustic lines. The brushed motor can be used in a basement, garage, or unoccupied areas. The neighbors of the cooperative will hear, but will rather be too lazy to pay attention.

What is good about a commutator engine, what are we fighting for the right to use. Three disadvantages of asynchronous:

At the initial moment asynchronous motor does not develop high torque, a number of special design measures are taken. It doesn't matter for the fan. Most household models are equipped with asynchronous motors. In production, the number of phases is increased to three.

Finding a motor for a fan

One YouTube video suggested using a 3 volt DC motor from a hardware store. Tops a USB cord, works by rotating the laser disc blade. Useful invention? If you're tired of the extra port, this will help you survive the heat. It’s easier to take a processor cooler and power it from the system unit. The yellow wire goes to 12 volts (red to 5). The black pair is earth. You can assemble it from an old computer. Citizens of the Russian Federation are simply too lazy to invent, so we throw interesting equipment into a landfill.

Asynchronous fan motors operate without a starting capacitor... The peculiarity of fan motors is that they come directly with a winding. A couple of tips to help you get an engine:

Make a fan impeller

The question of what to make a fan from has not been resolved; the authors kept silent about the impeller. First things first, the refrigerator! The compressor is blown by an impeller. When you get the motor out, remove it. It will come in handy. Regarding washing machine, launch the drum onto an aircraft propeller. A plastic tank can be used to make a body. Heat the bend areas with a hair dryer.

Inspect the blender and equip it with an unnecessary laser disk shaped like an impeller. You can make a fan yourself using available materials. You don't need a lot of power, and there's no point in trying too hard to fine-tune the details. We believe that readers know how to make a fan with their own hands.

Eternal CPU cooler fan

We decided to please our readers by telling you how to make a fan. This is not the first review, I had to dig around to find something worthwhile. The idea of creating an eternal fan that spins forever looks great. User mail.ru posted a design that looks attractive. Let's take a closer look, while thinking about how to make a fan that runs forever.

You know, of course, system units work quietly (modern models). The slightest noise means: the cooler's axis is out of alignment, or it's time to lubricate the old fan. They work for hours, days add up to weeks, the system unit will last for years. It became possible thanks to well-thought-out technology. Think about it, noise depends on the magnitude of the friction force. Mechanical energy becomes thermal and acoustic due to the presence of roughness. CPU coolers rotate easily, just blow on them.

The author of the video - we apologize for the lack of a name, we justify: the video is in English - suggests assembling an eternal fan from an accessory. The fitting accuracy of the parts is high, the blade rotates easily. Costs are reduced to a minimum. The author of the video posted by the deirones channel noticed: the processor fan is powered by direct current. I climbed inside and found four coils, equally spaced around the circumference, with their axes directed towards the center of the device.

There are no commutators inside, which means a paradoxical fact: the field of the coils is constant.

If the induction motor of a typical fan is powered by 220 volts alternating voltage, which creates a rotating magnetic field, in our case the picture is constant. You could say: inside the rotor sets in motion a commutator that creates the desired distribution. This is not true, and is confirmed by the author’s further train of thought and the result of experience. Western innovator decides to replace the coil permanent magnet. Indeed, there is no alternating field - why electric current?

The author demonstratively cuts off the power cord and places neodymium magnets ( hard drive) frame perimeter. Each is on the continuation of the coil axis. The work is completed, the blades begin to rotate vigorously. We believe that a principle is simply used that is hushed up in orthodox literature. Trade secret of the patent holder.

The initial movement of the blade is obtained by random air fluctuations. Reminiscent of a magnetron, the vibrations are caused by the natural chaotic movement of elementary particles. The question arose as to what determines the direction of rotation. The design is absolutely symmetrical. We decided to look into it and express our observations:

Agree, it’s more convenient than messing up USB ports and constantly wasting batteries. The eternal fan operates from an arbitrary position and is devoid of wires. We believe that the strength of the magnets plays a decisive role. The simple rule no longer works: more is better. A golden mean is emerging. When the blades spin from a random air flow, overcoming a field of neodymium pieces. Weak magnets are probably powerless to maintain stable rotation. The field strength must be exactly that created by the coils under the influence of +5 or +12 volts.

Correctly create an eternal fan

We discussed how to make a fan, we measured the direction and strength of the magnetic field of the coils. Enjoy special devices. A magnetometer, Teslameter, is formed by a magnetic induction converter, a measuring module. When fields interact, the resulting pattern is called coupling. The converter generates EMF. The size is determined by the measured strength of the magnetic field. Like two fingers! Costs 10,000 rubles.

The magnets will be located at a considerable distance from the axis. The coils are much closer. You need to know how the picture changes with distance. According to Coulomb's law, the force decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance, which is true for single charges of arbitrary sign. Separate magnetic poles have not yet been found in nature (it is not possible to create them); the cube of distance is included in the law. Let's say the distance to the coil from the axis is 1 cm, the diagonal perimeter is 10. This means that neodymium should be 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 times stronger than a small coil.

Nobody obliges to place neodymium magnets around the fan perimeter on diagonals. The poles lie crosswise. Adjust the force of impact over a wide range. By placing neodymium magnets in the center of the sides of the fan frame, we significantly increase the field strength. Let's do the calculation. Let's say the hypotenuse of a triangle with a side of 10 cm is a diagonal. The distance to the center of the square will be equal to 10 / √2 = 7 cm. You see, the ratio drops from 1000, reaching 7 x 7 x 7 = 343. We are desperate to find strong neodymium magnets to create an eternal fan.

Let's measure the strength! A compass is suitable (there are custom designs that you can assemble yourself, for example, http://polyus.clan.su/index/indikatory_magnitnogo_polja_svoimi_rukami/0-52). One coil should be connected to the power supply. Then find the position, the arrow brought up will deviate by about 45 degrees (if you don’t like it, take any other azimuth). Then start experimenting with neodymium. Place the piece on different removals, ensuring that the arrow deflection coincides with that obtained when using the processor fan coil. Surely the distance is not equal to the diagonal, half the side, the neodymium will have to be broken and cut.

By sawing one edge along the length, we carefully break the parts on a nail, obtaining the required field strength to create an eternal fan. We assume that the induction is distributed proportionally to the volume. Today we explained clearly how to make a fan with your own hands!

Power supply

Anyone who wants to make a fan with their own hands sees 3 problems: getting a motor, power supply, and making a propeller. The parts must fit together. Three problems solved, you can start making a fan with your own hands. Today there are an abundance of switching power supplies at home. Think about it, it started in the 90s. Game consoles, mobile phones, other equipment. Equipment breaks down, switching power supplies remain. The voltage is sometimes non-standard; most motors operate on any voltage. The revolutions will simply change according to the voltage. There's a broken one lying around at home household appliances– Make a fan yourself immediately.

Homemade fan power supplies

People are constantly trying to make a special fan with their own hands. One issue is often beyond the scope of discussion: the power source. The design of the fan itself is so obvious that there is no point in going into more detail. So, it’s clear that there are an unimaginable number of batteries today. Will they be able to work for a long time? The answer is no. As a last resort, take the “crown”, in Soviet era considered a reliable source of energy. The power supply is bad, the power will gradually drop, the speed will decrease, and it will irritate people. Stability without additional effort is important. There is no small 12 volt battery - get ready: let's start looking for how to make a power source for a homemade fan.

The first thing that comes to mind is to screw up the computer. It is known that miniature devices are powered by a USB port. Gadgets are recharging. The USB port is a source of inexhaustible energy. The voltage is low, you will need a low voltage DC motor. We believe you can find it at home or buy it at a hardware store. How much port power will be: according to old standards, 2–3 W. Another thing is to find a host device with an updated version of the interface (2014 was considered a rarity). The developers promised to deliver 50 W (it’s hard to believe even more). True, there will be more wires, the rated voltages will increase. We remind you that according to tradition, power is supplied to the red (+), black (-) wires. White, green - signal.

It’s clear that it’s difficult to expect much power - even if the port supports it, the motor won’t pull it. It is recommended to look for a higher voltage. The motor must be supplied with higher voltage. For example, it is recommended to use a processor cooler. The supply voltage is less than the required 12 volts, the rotation speed will simply decrease. Beware of exceeding it - the motor may burn out.

We are looking for energy, the question is easier to solve than for 3 volts:

12 volt power supply for a homemade do-it-yourself fan

We suggest not assembling a switching power supply, but making a regular one with your own hands. Let us remember that the former are distinguished by small-sized transformers. Therefore, the power supply will be relatively large in size. Will consist of the following parts:

Step-down transformer. We will not name the number of turns in advance, the voltage is unknown, rectifying it with diodes, we get 12 volts. Of course, you can experiment, like the YouTube video about homemade radios, grab the reader and look for a ready-made solution.
The bridge is full-wave; by adding three to one diode, we increase the efficiency. Radio components are not very expensive.
The backbone of the power supply is ready to homemade fan served for a long time, we will straighten the network ripple. After the bridge, we will turn on the low-pass filter and redraw the circuit from the Internet.

The output is a constant voltage with an amplitude of 12 volts. Be careful not to mix up the terminals. Where the “plus” comes out and where the “minus” comes out can be understood by studying the diagram. Below is a drawing of the bridge, look and read the explanations. In radio electronics, the direction of current is indicated opposite to the true one. Charges flow, according to popular belief, in the direction from plus to minus (towards electrons). Reading the diagram, you will see: the emitter of the diode, transistor, marked with an arrow, looks incorrectly. In the direction of movement of positive charges. Each one has marks and is indicated on the diagram by a huge triangle arrow. Consequently, we always find out “plus”, guided by the graphic symbols given in the drawing.

The figure shows: the plus will be on the right, transmitted according to the diode arrow to the lower output terminal. The minus will go up. With alternating voltage (roughly speaking), plus and minus will alternate from left to right, the name of the rectifier will become clear - full-wave. Works on the positive part of the voltage and the negative. Take power, low-frequency diodes. Solid size, power dissipation is relatively high. You can calculate using a simple formula taken from training course physics. We multiply the resistance of the open p-n junction (we leaf through the reference book) by the current consumed by the motor, taking the margin at least 2 times. The motor housing contains an inscription indicating the power, which can be divided by the voltage of 12 volts, simply multiplied by 2 - 3, and taken a diode with equivalent power dissipation (see reference book).

Now let's calculate the transformer... We went here http://radiolodka.ru/programmy/radiolyubitelskie/kalkulyatory-radiolyubitelya/, chose the Trans50 program, we will master it. Please note that there is software that allows you to calculate filter parameters. Do you regret that you decided to make a fan yourself? They offer to choose one of 5 windings. Steel is involved everywhere. You can make do, the losses will be great. The steel forms a magnetic circuit, the energy goes to the secondary winding. It's better to find an old rusty transformer. Times are bad; in the hungry 90s, landfills were littered with plates of scrapped windings. There were no problems with winding the transformers.

It's time to understand what voltage is required for the correct operation of the circuit. A term borrowed from electronics will help: AC voltage. Voltage at the active resistance creating a thermal effect equal to the constant voltage of the effective amplitude. To obtain the required voltage on the secondary winding, you need to divide 12 volts by 0.707 (one divided by the square root of 2). The authors received 17 volts. The engineering calculation has an error of 30%, let's take a small margin (part of the amplitude up to 1 volt will be lost on the diodes).

As for the secondary winding current (required for calculation), type something like “cooler power” into a search engine. Let's do it together with the readers. Smart articles write: the current consumption of the cooler is indicated on the case. Once you have the required parameter, we’ll plug it into the calculator. The author took the voltage of the secondary winding to be 19 volts. The voltage drop across the p-n junctions of powerful silicon diodes is 0.5 - 0.7 volts. Therefore, an appropriate reserve is needed. Smart heads searched and concluded that the processor cooler does not consume more than 5 W, therefore, the current is 5 divided by 12 = 0.417 A. We substitute the numbers into the downloaded calculator, and for the strip core we get the transformer design parameters:

The cross-section of the magnetic core for winding is 25 x 32 mm.
Window in the magnetic circuit 25 x 40 mm.
The magnetic core is finished with a frame for winding wire with a thickness of 1 mm and a cross-section of 27 x 34 mm.
The wire is wound along the larger side of the window, leaving a margin of 1 mm from the edges, for a total of 38 mm.

The primary winding is formed by 1032 turns with a diameter of 0.43 mm. The approximate length of the wire is 142 meters, the total resistance is 17.15 Ohms. The secondary winding consists of 105 turns copper core with varnish insulation with a diameter of 0.6 mm (length 16.5 meters, resistance 1 Ohm). Now readers understand: the question of what to make a fan from begins to be decided by the core...

How effective are the proposed technical solutions? Fans are known to Ancient Egypt. Evidenced by Michael Jackson's video recommending “Remember the time.” The plot was hardly prepared without the consultation of archaeologists and historians. We would like to report that in Mexico, most ladies use fans. The Spaniards know how to deal with the heat; the country lies on the equator. Think about it...