The range of products used for laying power, lighting, and signal lines is so huge that even people associated with electrical installation work, cannot always give a comprehensive answer to the question of what kind of sample this is. And if you consider that there are usually several modifications of even the same cable, then confusion occurs with both the characteristics and the specifics of their use.
The topic of this article is the PUGV wire, its features, main technical specifications and scope of application.
Explanation of the abbreviation PUGV
- P is a general designation for products called wires.
- U – installation products, that is, intended for laying electrical wiring lines.
- G – indicates flexibility. This is how stranded wires are designated, in contrast to, for example, cords.
- B – type of insulation (polyvinyl chloride).
Consequently, PUGV is a single-core wire (with a conductive part made of twisted copper wires), power, without a sheath, with PVC insulation.
The numbers behind letter designation, characterize the wire cross-section in mm². For example, PUGV-4. The last letter in the marking indicates the color of the insulation - B (white), K (red or pink), Ch (black) and so on. When ordering products, this is specified additionally, depending on the specifics of its further use.
Wire PUGV - technical characteristics
- Temperature readings (ºС):
- operating range – from -50 to +70;
- maximum heating – +700;
- The minimum permissible temperature for installation is -15.
- Maximum humidity in work area(%) – 98 (at t0< +35).
- The minimum bending radius is 5 D.
- Wire cross-section (mm²): 0.5 – 240.
- In the case of a single gasket in the channel, combustion does not spread.
- Shelf life of PUGV wire (years):
- guaranteed by the manufacturer – 3;
- operational - up to 25 (subject to the rules of storage, transportation and installation of wires). The countdown starts from the date of manufacture.
- Sold in coils of 100 m.
Application of PUGV wire
- Installation of power and lighting lines.
- Connecting equipment (samples household appliances) to the industrial/voltage network up to 750 V (AC) and 1,000 V (DC).
Laying of routes can be carried out both open (in trays, boxes, pipes) and in a closed way(in voids, under a layer of plaster, etc.).
Cost of PUGV wire
The price (rub/linear meter) depends on the cross-section of the product and ranges from 3.4 (0.5) to 1,257 (240).
More detailed information about the PUGV wire can be found in GOST No. 31947 of 2012.
PuGV wire- This is a power conductor with copper conductors. Most often it is insulated with polyvinyl chloride and does not have a shell. It can be used both in the implementation of building wiring and for laying power cable lines.
The cable cores consist of a group of tinned copper rods. The number of rods varies depending on the type and manufacturer, but is usually at least seven. Such cables are used in closed premises to supply stationary devices with electricity. Laying outdoors is allowed, provided there is protection from direct sunlight and precipitation (canopies and similar devices are used for this).
Scope of application
In lighting networks, power lines. Widely used in rooms of varying degrees of humidity - normal, damp, especially damp, with the presence of steam emissions of acids and alkalis. If the temperature environment does not exceed 40 degrees Celsius, it can be used to connect launch boxes, light panels, closed cabinets.
Multiple bends of the wire are allowed. This wire replaced wires PV1, PV3, PV4.
Multifunctional wire PuGV is used for electrical installations for stationary installation in networks of various directions (lighting, power networks), installation of electrical equipment, devices, mechanisms and machines with alternating voltage up to 750 V, or direct voltage up to 1000 V.
Explanation of the name
Explanation of the abbreviation PuGV:
- P - wire;
- U - installation;
- G - flexible;
- B - with polyvinyl chloride insulation.
PuGV performs a connecting function for electrical installations; it has one core, the cross-sectional area of which is determined depending on the standard size. The core flexibility of conductors of this type can be of three classes: 3, 4 or 5 according to GOST standards. The cable can be used in moderate and cold climates (UHL, from +40 to –60 °C) and more severe conditions.
Benefits and Features
Increased flexibility allows you to lay the cable in a box and all kinds of pipes. You can lay lines with a variety of bends and turns. If the wiring does not involve the presence of other types of electrical wires, then the likelihood of a fire is minimized. At correct operation The service life of such a line can be twenty or more years. The service life should be calculated from the date of manufacture.
Supplied without additional protective layers and shell, since PVC is not afraid of light, water and mechanical damage (within reasonable limits).
Design Features
It consists of a core that passes electric current and PVC insulation. Flexibility is achieved due to the fact that each current-carrying core consists of several copper wires, which are connected by twisting. Sections from 0.5 mm² to 35 mm² consist of 7 or more wires twisted together.
The flexibility of an electrical wire is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area: the larger the area, the less flexible the cable. Also, flexibility depends on the diameter of the individual wires located inside; the larger their diameter, the lower the flexibility index.
Sectional view of electrical wire
The thickness of the insulation depends on the cross-section. It is possible to use two-layer insulation, but in this case the first layer must be 70 percent of the total insulation thickness or more. Colors are determined depending on the customer’s needs, or standard colors are used.
Polyvinyl chloride insulation significantly increases the service life of wiring due to its chemical properties. It decomposes slowly, is not afraid of moisture, extreme temperatures and corrosion, and also has a significant margin of safety, which does not allow rodents to chew through the wiring. In addition, it has a special smell that repels rats and mice.
It is worth emphasizing that PVC cables with double-layer insulation are safer. The double layer reduces heating from current, reduces the likelihood of fire and increases resistance to high temperatures generally. Therefore, PVC electrical wires are often used in high-voltage lines.
Specifications
Flexibility is important distinctive feature For this type of cable, the bending radius is measured in outer diameters. Thus, the bending radius of the PuGV is ten or more diameters.
Others mechanical characteristics:
This type of wiring can withstand 450 to 750 volts of alternating current having a frequency of 400 Hz or D.C. at 1000 volts. Withstands environmental humidity up to 98%.
Important! PuGV wire (especially PuGVng-LS) is often used in places with high temperature stress - baths and the like; it is considered safer because it does not burn. Special insulation protects the cable from fire, so in the event of a fire it only melts. The insulating shell can withstand temperatures of +160 degrees Celsius. Thanks to this, PuGVng LS is used as leads for electric motors and for charging lighting devices with temperatures from +80 to +180 degrees.
Laying method
It is allowed to lay lines in pipes, on insulators, rollers, and cleats. They are also laid on top of metal and concrete surfaces, requiring insulation to be placed under the cable.
PuGVng-LS
PuGVng-LS is a low-voltage cable fire danger. Characterized by the presence of a single copper core increased flexibility. This modification emits low amounts of smoke and gas and does not burn. PuGVng-LS is used in the construction of lines with an increased risk of fire.
Low fire hazard electrical wire
GOST and other legal requirements
Since 2012, the state standard for PuGV lines has been established by GOST 31947–2012, and for the requirements fire safety meets the GOST 31565–2012 standard. The modern standard meets international standards. Technical characteristics are determined by the requirements of TU16–705.501–2010.
It should be noted that GOST R 53768–2010, which should have been followed earlier, has now been canceled and has no legal force.
What is the difference between PuGV and PV-3
The presence of two names often causes confusion. In essence, both abbreviations refer to the same cable, it’s just that PuGV is a newer name that corresponds to modern GOST and differs only in increased requirements for flexibility. Outdated standards corresponded to flexibility classes 2, 3, 4, and according to modern standards they should be 3, 4 and 5.
Packaging requirements and quality control
The cable must be wound on a drum or supplied in coils. The minimum length is 100 meters.
Quality control is carried out by external inspection for the presence of damage to the insulation, as well as using special devices for measuring resistance.
Video on the topic
1. The conductor is multi-wire, made of annealed copper in accordance with GOST 22483-77.
2. Insulation - made of polyvinyl chloride plastic.
Purpose of PuGV wires:
Wires are used for electrical installations for stationary installation in lighting and power networks, as well as for installation of electrical equipment, machines, mechanisms and machine tools, internal electrical installations for rated alternating voltage up to 450/750 V inclusive, rated frequency up to 400 Hz or direct voltage up to 1000 V inclusive.Operating and installation conditions for PuGV wires:
Wires by design, technical parameters and operational characteristics meet the requirements international standards IEC 60227-1:2007, IEC 60227-3:1997, IEC 60227-4:1997.PuGV wire is used for laying in steel pipes, boxes, on trays, etc., for installation electrical circuits where increased flexibility during routing and installation is required.
Fire hazard class according to GOST R 53315-2009 - O1.8.2.5.4
Type of climatic modification UHL, placement category 2 according to GOST 15150-69
Requirements for resistance to external influences:
- wires are resistant to elevated ambient temperatures up to 65°C
- wires are resistant to influence low temperature environment down to -50°С
- wires are resistant to high relative air humidity up to 98% at ambient temperatures up to +35°C;
Installation of wires is carried out at a temperature not lower than -15°C
Bending radius during installation – at least 5 Dн
Long-term permissible heating temperature of cores during operation, no more than +700C
The service life of PuGV wires is at least 20 years provided that the consumer complies with the requirements for transportation, storage, installation and operation
GOST (TU / VDE) wires PuGV:
- GOST 31947-2012 (general GOST);
- TU 16-705.501-2010 (Electric cable; KhKA; Belaruskabel; Energokabel; REC/Prysmian; Samarakabel; Avtoprovod; Tsvetlit; Sibkabel; ROSSKAT; Rybinskkabel; Lyudinovokabel; Pskovkabel; Electric cable NN; Uralkabel; Sevkabel);
- TU 3551-009-42264279-2013 (Coaxial)
- This is a single-core wire with PVC insulation. It is used to connect electrical appliances to the network, as well as to organize power and lighting lines in electrical wiring. It differs from PV-1 in greater flexibility, which allows it to be used for connecting mobile equipment or for operation in confined spaces.
Marking and design of PV-3
Explanation of wire markings:
- “P” – wire;
- “B” – PVC insulation;
- “3” – core flexibility class.
The core is made of one or more wires, depending on the cross-section of the wire. Insulation is solid color or with two longitudinal stripes. If the wire is used as a ground wire, the insulation will be yellow-green.
Specifications
The wire insulation reliably protects it from moisture, steam and mold. During production, a special component is added to the plastic compound to repel rats and other rodents. The wire can be used at temperatures up to +60°C in damp rooms, so it is used in rooms such as baths, bathrooms, etc.
The product can be used for up to 15 years, and even more. The wire is sold in coils up to 100 meters long.
The main technical characteristics can be found in the table below:
Current load for certain wire sections:
Scope of application
Due to its simple design, low cost and variety of cross-sections, PV-3 wire is used almost everywhere. In production and warehouse premises, in residential buildings and commercial buildings.
PV-3 and PuGV: what is the difference?
Currently, the wire marking has been changed from PV-3 to PuGV. In the past, GOST 6323-79 was in force in Russia, but now GOST R 53768-2010, as well as TU 16-705.501-2010, have been introduced. According to the new standards, the wire became known as PuGV, and its flexibility class increased to 5.
PuGV wire appeared on our market only in 2010. But that doesn't mean at all that it's latest development and before this you could not find this wire on the market.
The fact is that in 2010 the new GOST R 53768-2010 came into force. According to this normative document The marking of the wires has changed and the PV-3 wire, which has long proven itself, began to be called PuGV wire.
In order to understand what PuGV is, let’s take a detailed look at the decoding of its name. And then we’ll try to understand the features of its design and varieties.
Decoding the marking of the PuGV wire
Let's start our analysis by deciphering the name. After all, no matter how it is, it is in it that the main parameters of the wire are hidden. And understanding this abbreviation should already give us an understanding of the design of the wire.
So:
- Our first symbol is “Pu”. They mean that we have an installation wire in front of us. Previously, wires were divided into installation and installation. They were called assembly workers less flexible wires, and installation ones are more flexible. There were other differences, but these are the main ones. Now they decided to call all the wires installation ones.
- But the flexibility of the wire still needs to be determined. Therefore, we decided to introduce the symbol “G”, which indicates that the wire is flexible. If this symbol is not present, it means that the wire is not flexible. The symbol “G” is assigned to all wires belonging to the fifth class of flexibility according to GOST 22483 - 2012.
- The last character is "B", which indicates the type of insulation. In our case, this is vinyl insulation or, as it is more correctly called, polyvinyl chloride. In addition, the abbreviation may contain another letter “B”. It indicates the presence of a shell and indicates the material of this shell. But this is a different type of wire.
- The last symbol that can be in the abbreviation is the fire safety indicator of the wire. Moreover, if this abbreviation is not present, it means that the cable does not propagate combustion when laid alone. If the symbol “ng” appears, it means the wire does not spread flame when laid in groups.
In addition, for wires with the designation “ng”, GOST assumes the possibility of having some more symbols. So “LSLTx” speaks of reduced dust and gas emissions during combustion.
The “HF” symbol indicates that the cable does not emit corrosive gases when burned. Well, the “HFLTx” symbol demonstrates that the wire, when burned, emits little dust, gas and corrosive substances.
Numbers are usually indicated after the abbreviation. Usually this is one number from 0.5 to 240. It indicates the cross-section of the current-carrying part of the wire. And only in rare cases can you find the symbols “1x1” or the like, in which the first digit indicates the number of cores, and the second the cross-section of the current-carrying part of the wire.
PuGV wire design
Now we can talk about the design of the wire itself. As we have already mentioned above, PuGV wires are single-core and due to this their design is quite simple.
So:
- First of all, it is a conductor, which consists of several copper wires. Individual wires of smaller cross-sections twisted together make it possible to ensure proper flexibility of the wire even with a large total cross-section.
- The number of these individual wires depends on the cross-section of the cable. So for wires with a cross-section from 0.5 mm 2 to 35 mm 2 the minimum number of wires is 7 pieces. But usually for larger diameters there are more of them and their number is determined technical regulations each individual manufacturer.
- For wires with a cross-section from 50 mm 2 to 95 mm 2, the instructions provide for the use of at least 19 wires. And for larger cross-section wires there are 37 wires.
- But this is the minimum value. The actual value can be found out based on the cross-section of each individual wire. After all, it is quite logical here that the smaller the cross-section of each individual wire, the greater their number will be required in order to obtain the required nominal cross-section of the wire.
- And here standards come to our aid again. So for a wire with a cross-section of 0.5 mm2, the cross-section of each individual wire should be no more than 0.21 mm2. For a wire with a cross-section of 10 mm 2 this value should already be no more than 0.41 mm 2, and for a wire with a cross-section of 240 mm 2 it will be equal to 0.51 mm 2.
- In addition to the conductor itself, each wire must have insulation. And here it is also quite logical that the larger the cross-section of the wire, the thicker its insulation should be.
- And here standards come to our aid again. They standardize the nominal insulation thickness, its minimum value and the maximum outer size of the wire. You can see these values in more detail in the photo below.
Well, the last aspect regarding the design of the wire includes its coloring. In general, this parameter is not standardized and the wire can be solidly painted in any color. Only for tropical wires it is not recommended to use natural colors. In other cases, this aspect is discussed with the customer.
Pay attention! If the PuGV wires are intended for use as a grounding conductor as in the video, then they should be yellow-green in color. In this case, any 15 cm of wire should account for no more than 70% of one color and no less than 30 cm of another.
Electrical and mechanical characteristics of PuGV wires
The main condition influencing the choice of wires is its characteristics. They are divided into electrical and mechanical.
Electrical characteristics of the wire
Since the main purpose of the wire is to pass electric current, then of course we’ll start with the electrical parameters.
And here the efficiency and reliability of PuGV is important for us:
- To determine the efficiency of a wire, we need to know its resistance. The lower this parameter, the less loss there will be in the wire. But as you probably remember from physics lessons, the lower the temperature of the conductor, the lower its resistance. Therefore, for standardization this indicator All calculations are usually made for wires with a temperature of 20⁰С.
- But there is another aspect to this. The higher the cross-section of the wire, the lower its resistance. Therefore, each wire size has its own standards. So a wire with a cross section of 1x6 has a resistance of 3.11 Ohms per kilometer of length, and a wire of 50 mm 2 has a resistance of 0.394 Ohms/km.
- If the cable being measured has a temperature other than 20⁰С, then to check you should use the formula - R 20 = R t K t 1000/L. In this formula, R 20 is our resistance at 20⁰С, R t is the measured resistance of the wire, K t is the correction factor, which we determine from the table below, and L is the length of the measured section of wire.
- But the reliability of PuGV wires is ensured by high-quality insulation. For this purpose, special high-voltage insulation tests are carried out. A voltage of 2.5 kV is applied to the wire and the conductor must withstand it for at least 5 minutes.
- In general, at a temperature of 20⁰C, the insulation of the PuGV wires should be at least 5 MOhm. For installations up to 1000V this is quite enough.
- In addition, the rules require that the insulation properly withstand and elevated temperatures. To do this, they provide data on the minimum insulation resistance at a temperature of 70⁰C. You can see these requirements in the photo below.
Mechanical characteristics of the wire
But the mechanical requirements for the wire are no less important. After all, ease of installation and the possibility of using in different rooms, as well as in different temperature conditions.
So:
- One of the most important parameters of any wire or cable is its flexibility.. It depends on how far the wire can be bent without fear of damaging the conductors or insulation. The determining factor in this case is the bending radius.
The bending radius directly depends on the nominal diameter of the wire. And specifically in our case it is 5 diameters of PuGV. That's enough good indicator. For most less flexible products it does not exceed 10 or even 20 diameters.
- As for aggressive environments, the wire tolerates very well high humidity . So, at a temperature of +35⁰С, it can be operated in an environment with 98% humidity. But sunlight All wires in PVC insulation are poorly tolerated, and our PuGV is no exception.
- The operating temperature range of PuGV is also quite high. There the wire can safely work both at minus 50⁰С and at temperatures up to plus 70⁰С.
Pay attention! If you plan to install the wire yourself, then you must remember that minimum temperature The temperature at which this wire can be installed is -15⁰С. But better installation perform at positive temperatures.
- The service life of PuGV wires is usually 20 years. Warranty period service is usually 2 - 3 years. But given experience, under normal operating conditions this brand of wire can last you much longer.
Stages of selecting PuGV wires
It is also interesting that the standards provide for separate stages for wire acceptance.
These rules are quite simple and can be used by private individuals:
|
|
First of all, the rules recommend that we inspect the wire. In this case, you should make sure that the wire cross-section is correct, its design is correct and there are no visible defects. |
|
|
The next step is to determine the electrical resistance of the conductors. Regulatory documents require this to be done using the above and similar diagrams. But in private, you can simply use an ohmmeter. |
|
|
After this, electrical tests of the wire insulation are performed. To do this, insulation resistance is measured and high-voltage tests are carried out. As we noted above, the test voltage for the wire should be 2500V. |
|
|
All wires must be marked accordingly. It must indicate the type of wire, manufacturer's mark, core cross-section and year of manufacture. In this case, this marking must be applied every 550 mm along the wire insulation. |
|
|
But the price of a coil of wire should include the presence of a special label. It must indicate the manufacturer's mark, wire brand, date of manufacture, wire weight, length and conformity mark. |
Conclusion
The technical characteristics of PuGV wires make it possible to use it to solve a wide variety of problems both in industry and in individual households. After all, the wire has very good electrical properties, excellent flexibility and an affordable price.
Some disadvantages include the fact that the wire is single-core, but in many cases this is an advantage. Therefore, if your choice fell on PuGV brand wires, then this is a very good choice.