This article will discuss what a Bathroom is, how its repair, arrangement and interior creation are carried out.

If you plan to renovate or install a bathroom in panel house or brick, the first step is to decide on a number of important issues:

What changes should occur in the toilet and bathroom;
How much money can be allocated for the renovation of a bathroom?
Is it planned in the bathroom only cosmetic repairs, or will it be equipped completely from scratch (for example, will a screed be needed in the bathroom, etc.).

The bathroom is a room that is one of the most in demand in the apartment. In the morning we wash our faces here and prepare for the work day, take a shower in the evening, and wash our hands periodically.

Therefore, this room should provide maximum convenience and coziness. At the same time, when carrying out repairs, you should also take into account such features of the room as high humidity, vaporization and temperature changes.

The first question that arises is what is the best way to start arranging a bathroom with your own hands. The answer to this depends on what exactly you plan to do. If you plan only to update the paint and whitewash, then start by cleaning the ceiling and walls of old material. In the case of larger-scale changes, you should first determine the full scope of work and draw up a detailed estimate for future repairs.

Important: in case of a small bathroom and toilet area the best option is their combination, in which the number of bathrooms is reduced, but the amount of usable space is increased.

The degree of effectiveness of such a combination also depends on the number of people living in the apartment, since in the case of a large family, combining a bathroom can cause a number of inconveniences.

Bathroom interior

Installing a bathroom, especially creating an interior, requires solving a rather important and difficult task of proper placement of plumbing fixtures. It is better to start assembling furnishings, starting with large elements such as a bathtub and shower.

Next, you can install a sink and toilet, and they are quite convenient wall hung toilets, which are mounted on a metal installation hidden in the wall. In terms of reliability, wall-hung toilets are not inferior to floor-standing ones, while taking up much less space and making it easier to clean the room.

The most common material for finishing a bathroom is ceramic tiles. In the case of low ceilings, it is not recommended to visually separate the walls with a dark bottom and a light top; it is better to lay plain tiles measuring about 200x400 mm from ceiling to floor, alternating with decorative vertical stripes that visually elongate the room.

In the case of a spacious room, you can paste moisture-resistant wallpaper for the bathroom with floral decor on the walls. This pattern, combined with a geometrically clear monochromatic tile pattern, allows you to decorate the bathroom, giving it a special sophistication. In addition to wallpaper can also be used tiles with ornament or agglomerate or marble coating.

Compositional unity various elements, making up the interior of the bathroom, the ceiling can be tinted to match the color of the decorative border or tile, or stenciled with an original pattern, which should repeat the pattern applied to the tile.

Useful: it also looks quite attractive, especially when decorating the bathroom in open rather than pastel colors, the use of colored grout - blue, red, orange green, etc. In addition, bright grout on white tiles looks quite attractive.

You should also think about good lighting bathroom. It is strongly recommended to use moisture-resistant halogen spotlights for bathrooms, and sconces above the mirror. In addition, it is advisable to think about light duty night lighting, which will help you use the room without turning on the bright overhead light.

Useful: you can also use dimmers - switches equipped with dimmers.

The furniture you select for the bathroom must be resistant to high humidity, as well as significant temperature changes.

In addition, you should provide in advance various accessories for bathrooms, including:

Mirror;
Convenient metal handrails on the wall or on the bathtub;
Soft rug;
Ottoman, etc.

You should start by replacing the water and sewer pipes. The installation of pipes in the bathroom must be done as competently as possible, therefore, in the absence of special skills, it is recommended to seek the help of a specialist, which will ensure both your peace of mind and the peace of your neighbors in the future.

It is best to install plastic water and sewer pipes in the bathroom.

There are special rules and requirements according to which bathrooms must be equipped - SNiP, according to which various nuances should be taken into account:

Sewer pipes are connected using rubber gaskets;
Tap water - using a special soldering iron;
Upon completion of installation, be sure to check the quality of the connections using water supply;
During the process of replacing pipes, you should also immediately install a water meter and taps that allow you to quickly turn off the water in the event of an emergency;
In addition, you should plan in advance how the plumbing fixtures will be placed, household appliances, as well as how water and wastewater will be supplied.

Wiring

After the installation of pipes is completed, the replacement of electrical wiring begins.

Let's look at the main nuances of how to make electrical wiring in a bathroom, in more detail:

To carry out the work, you will need three-core wires with a cross-section of at least 4 mm, plastic corrugation that allows you to insulate the wires, lamps or spotlights and a fan;
The wiring is carried out taking into account the location of sockets and lamps. In the walls where the cable will pass, a groove is punched with a chisel, after which the wires are passed through the groove and hidden in the walls;

Useful: bathroom lighting can be done either using spotlights built into the wall or using lamps installed on the walls. In addition, both varieties can be combined.

Since the temperature in the bathroom often changes, which leads to increased formation of moisture, it is recommended to improve the ventilation of the room by installing a fan, the size and power of which is selected depending on the size of the room.

Walls and ceiling

The walls and ceiling of the bathroom are exposed to steam and moisture, so to cover them you should use a material that is resistant to moisture and temperature changes:

First of all, wash off the old whitewash and paint, knock down old tiles. The walls are leveled using putty or plaster;
If there is sufficient space, you can make a bathroom from plasterboard, which can be attached using special glue or using self-tapping screws screwed into a specially made sheathing. Then the surface of the drywall is treated with a primer, which prevents fungus and fixes the plaster, and waits until it dries. After the primer has dried, you can begin finishing work using paint, ceramic tiles or waterproof wallpaper as the material;
When renovating a combined bathroom, it is not recommended to use only one color scheme, it is better to apply different materials and shades, which allows you to divide the room into sectors, because the main thing is to ensure harmony and comfort in the bathroom;

Important: when laying tiles on the walls, you should remember about the heated towel rail, which is also recommended to be replaced.

At self-repair In the bathroom, all materials and design of the room are chosen independently, providing ample scope for design imagination. Yes, you can mount suspended ceilings in the bathroom using plastic panels or moisture-resistant plasterboard, characterized by ease of maintenance and resistance to moisture.
The fastening of such ceilings is carried out on metal frame, in this case, holes for the lamps should be cut in advance. The color of such a ceiling does not always have to match the color of the walls; contrasting shades can also be used.

Important: when renovating a small bathroom, a visual increase in space can be achieved by using mirrors and finishing materials light colors.

Floors

It is desirable that the floor in the bathroom be equipped with heating, provided either by a special electrically heated coating or by central heating pipes.

The floor covering can be made of various waterproof materials, For example:

Tile;
Linoleum;
Cork
Wood (teak or larch), etc.

The main qualities that a bathroom floor should have are moisture resistance, non-slip and resistance to temperature changes.

That's all I wanted to tell you in this article. The above tips should help you carry out the renovation correctly so that the result is a modern bathroom with maximum comfort and reliability, which will serve faithfully for many years.

Gallery

Bathroom… Spelling dictionary-reference book

BATHROOM, evil, husband. Abbreviation: sanitary unit bathroom (sink, shower) and toilet. Combined with. (toilet and bath or shower in one room). Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (abbreviated from sanitary unit) literally a place for sanitary and hygienic procedures. Usually, a bathroom is understood as a room where a person can satisfy his natural physiological needs and put himself in order after this... ... Wikipedia

Noun, number of synonyms: 15 water closet (14) latrine (15) closet (14) ... Dictionary of synonyms

Bathroom- Bathroom: a sanitary and hygienic room, necessarily equipped with a toilet, washbasin, bath or shower. Additional devices and equipment are possible... Source: SP 118.13330.2012. Set of rules. Public buildings and... Official terminology

bathroom- sanitary facility... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

bathroom- , evil, m. A set of devices for carrying out sanitary and hygienic measures (bathhouse, laundry, toilet, etc.). BAS, vol. 13,164. ◘ Many of them (Soviet abbreviations) owe their status as realities precisely to their complex abbreviation... ... Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Council of Deputies

M. Sanitary unit: bathroom washbasin, shower and toilet. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language Efremova

Bathroom, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms (Source: “Complete accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words

bathroom- sanitary unit, evil... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

Bathroom, Alexander Kira. The book by design teacher and designer-consultant Alexander Kira contains materials from almost twenty years of research in the field of bathroom design. Monograph, first published in 1966...
Bathroom, Kira A.. The book by design teacher and designer-consultant Alexander Kira contains materials from almost twenty years of research in the field of bathroom design. Monograph, first published in 1966...

Sanitary unit

Rice. 1.
Equipment diagram for a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.

sanitary unit(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main devices that make up the equipment of a sanitary unit: washbasin, toilet, bidet; can be located either in one room (combined bathroom) or in different rooms (separate bathroom). The bathroom, as a rule, also houses washing machine, box for storing dirty laundry. When deciding on the interior of a sanitary unit, it is desirable that its equipment and finishing be combined in color, style and materials.

The most convenient are the so-called lying bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Usually, in order to save space, a washbasin is installed near the bathtub, extending 10 cm above it, which should be at least 60 cm wide and have a trapezoidal or oval shape. Washbasins serving only for hand washing (located in the restroom) may be smaller in size. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. Position of the bidet in relation to sewer riser can be anything; It is important to place it so that it takes up less space and is convenient to use. Diagrams of the bathroom equipment are shown in Fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of a sanitary unit is shown in Fig. 3.

It is best to lay out the floor and walls in the bathroom ceramic tiles. This is an ideal material as it tolerates moisture perfectly. It is good to put, for example, terry rugs on such a floor suitable colors and drawings. You can also put terry covers on the toilet lid and tank, which looks very impressive. It is recommended to cover the walls in the bathroom to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles in light colors - blue, white, cream, but you can also use black, which gives a unique effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. The walls above the tiles are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done due to suspended ceiling, mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which they insert frosted glass or plexiglass. Inside there are fluorescent lamps, which create the unique effect of a luminous ceiling surface (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic parts - towel racks, shelves, and also a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many ways.

The walls of the restroom are also tiled with ceramic tiles up to a height of 1.5 m (as in a bathroom) or up to the ceiling. Finishing tiles should be light colors or with colored patterns. It is better if the interior of the bathroom echoes the interior of the restroom.

Recently, various types of materials have been increasingly used for finishing bathrooms. decorative materials colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; They are available for sale in a wide range. The top of the walls and ceiling can be covered with film, combining colors. If there is no film, ordinary household oilcloth will do. Last option especially convenient in wooden house, since at the same time the remaining rooms are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom must have very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil-based and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.

Sealing bathtubs. The most common are 2 options for sealing a bathtub. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bathtub begins with the manufacture wooden frame from slats with a cross section of 30×40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded; it fits under the lip of the bathtub. Along the edge of the frame, cutouts are made for technological bosses on the bathtub (bottom under the collar). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bathtub when doing laundry, cleaning the bathtub, etc. 2 panels made of decorative laminated paper are hung from the top of the frame on hinges suitable color. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All panels have magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from its end, where large household items are stored. Another panel covers the shelves under the side wall of the bathtub. The bottom shelf is made at such a height that boxes can be placed on it. washing powders. On the top shelf there are stocks of soap, small-packaged powders, etc.

In the second case, plastic runners are installed on the frame (with shelves in the middle part), in which 2 identical doors made of decorative laminated paper can move. In the doors, using a brace and a hammer, 2 holes with a diameter of 25x30 mm are drilled, which serve as a kind of handles.

Sealing the washbasin. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for necessary things and covers pipes that do not decorate the interior. First, a frame is assembled from slats with a cross-section of 30x40 mm using spikes and epoxy glue. Side panels made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are attached to the frame. WITH inside on the door you can install a drawer for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which they drill ventilation holes(Fig. 6, A). If a linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).

Mirror. Above the washbasin you can hang a regular round (or other shaped) mirror in beautiful frame and strengthen 2 decorative sconces on the sides (Fig. 7, A). But if you get a little creative, you can make your own, unique mirror. Here's one option. The original-shaped mirror is mounted on a varnished sheet of 8x10 mm. plywood, the ends of which are covered with dark paint. On the sides of the mirror install 2 homemade lamp with 15 W fluorescent lamps (Fig. 7, b). Lamps on plywood sheet secured with decorative plugs-brackets made of sheet brass. Before installation, the bracket plugs are polished and “gilded”. The choke and capacitor of the lamp can be placed in any convenient location, switch next to the lamp, it is also good to install a socket there to turn on the electric razor.

The second option for homemade mirror design is shown in Fig. 7, V. A mirror is attached to a polished sheet of plywood, and a fluorescent lamp is mounted on top (behind the visor). A switch and socket for an electric razor are installed in a convenient place.

Dressing table by the washbasin. Very convenient dressing table, covering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, A). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is room for it. The basis is a frame made of bars with a cross section of 40×40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard; in front there is an end panel made of chipboard, equal in width facing tiles. The same tiles that cover the walls are laid on the countertop and end panel. There is a cabinet underneath the dressing table.

Folding chair. High chair base (seat) 10 mm sheet. plywood onto which foam rubber 15x20 mm thick is glued (Fig. 9). The chair can be covered with the same fabric from which the rug in front of the bath is made.

The high chair is secured to the wall with loops and 2 chains covered with the same material as the high chair itself. A latch is placed on the wall to hold the chair in the lowered position.

Fencing off the bath. In a combined bathroom, the toilet is sometimes separated from the bathtub by a screen (Fig. 10). The material for it can be all kinds of sheet plastics, decorative laminated paper, painted or textured asbestos-cement boards, Metelitsa glass, etc.

If space permits, the bathtub is separated from the toilet shelf-cabinet, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a cabinet from boards, but it is also possible from chipboard covered with a decorative film “like wood”. The basis of the shelf-cabinet is a board 25 x 30 mm thick and 250 x 300 mm wide, running from the plinth to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7 x 8 shelves of the same width (250 x 300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) are 670 mm, all the rest are 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. To the bottom board with outside nail a leg equal in height to the baseboard. 2 x 3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden tenons with glue. 5 lower shelves and an outer board form a box. You can arrange a locker below. On the toilet side it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of slats with a sheet of decorative laminated paper fixed to it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small nails. If space is limited, the doors can be made on plastic shelves (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces The cabinet shelves are covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.

Rice. 2.
Equipment diagram for a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.

Rice. 3.
Fragment of a sanitary unit.

Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous suspended ceiling.

Rice. 5.
Bathtub sealing:
a and b - frame;
c - plastic runners.

Rice. 6.
Sealing the washbasin:
a - with a drawer for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.

Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - second option with fluorescent lamps.

Rice. 8.
Dressing table by the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - sectional fragment of the structure;
1 - frame;
2 - tabletop;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.

Rice. 58. The relationship of the kitchen in rural house with other premises

1 - kitchen;2 - entrance to the apartment;3 - basement;4 - food pantry;5 - bathroom, toilet;6 - veranda (terrace);7 - living room

Rice. 59. Kitchen of a rural residential building with a solid fuel stove, water supply and sewerage (a) and without water supply and sewerage (b)

1 - solid fuel stove; 2 - sink; 3 - cabinet with sink; 4 - refrigerator; 5 - work desk-cabinet; 6 - corner cabinet-table; 7 - cabinet-table for fuel; 5 - cold cabinet-table near the outer wall under the window; 9 - cabinet-table for a water tank; 10 - dining table; 11 - chest-bench; 12 - stool

Sanitary facilities

3.5. Depending on the planning decisions and the size of the apartments in them

two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises are provided: a separate sanitary unit - a block of a bathroom and a restroom; combined sanitary unit.

Bathroom is a room designed to install a bathtub with dimensions of 1500× 700 or 1700× 750 mm and a washbasin with dimensions of at least 550× 420 mm. It is allowed to install a shower tray in the bathroom with a plan dimension of at least 800× 800 mm. A restroom is a room designed for the installation of a toilet with a plan dimension of at least 670 × 400 mm. Combined sanitary unit - a room designed to install a bathtub, washbasin and toilet.

For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to install a toilet room - a room designed to install a toilet and washbasin with a plan dimension of at least 480 × 325 mm.

Combined bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments with four or more rooms if these apartments have toilet rooms. Other types of apartments have separate bathrooms. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises, made in the form of volumetric sanitary and technical cabins of factory production, are shown in Fig. 60 and 61.

In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, provision must be made for placing a washing machine (maximum plan dimensions 600 × 500 mm). It is recommended to provide the possibility of permanently connecting the automatic washing machine to the hot water supply network. The installation diagram of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom is shown in Fig. 62. In some cases, with special technical justification, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bathtub and washbasin instead of one faucet adopted in standard solutions, as well as bidets with a plan size of 640 × 350 mm and furniture containers. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort are shown in Fig. 63.

In the absence of rural populated areas centralized systems engineering equipment, it is allowed to provide decentralized cold and hot water supply and sewerage systems in houses. If there is no hot water supply in the bathroom, space should be provided for a hot water column with a diameter of 0.46 m for gas and 0.32 m for solid fuel. When installing a backlash closet in a house, it is necessary to place the restroom near the outer wall, and in front of the restroom, organize an airlock with heated air (see Fig. 42, a, f).

Ventilation

3.7. In order to improve the microclimate and increase the economic indicators of houses in subdistricts with dry, hot summers (IVA, IVG, IIIA) and in areas with calm weather conditions In subdistrict IVB, it is recommended to use horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments, through light or ventilation shafts.

It is recommended to take the cross-sectional size of light ventilation shafts in terms of 1:20 - 1:10 of the ventilated area, i.e. total area of all shaft-ventilated apartments on each floor. In order to ensure minimal lighting in the utility rooms of apartments facing a shaft, the ratio of the smaller side of such a shaft in plan to its total height should not exceed 1:8.

The cross-sectional size of ventilation shafts for ventilating apartments is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:30 from the ventilated area with a ratio of the smaller side of the shaft in plan to the height of 1:8 or more (Fig. 64).

Horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments can be organized

also through the internal staircase and oppositely oriented openings.

Rice. 60. Planning solutions for volumetric reinforced concrete sanitary cabins

a - separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; c - toilet room

Rice. 61. Prospects for solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit

a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom

Rice. 62. Layout diagram of an automatic washing machine maximum sizes, connected to engineering equipment

1 - washing machine;2 - inlet hose;3 - drain hose;4 - power cord

Rice. 63. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort

a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom

Rice. 64. Scheme of the mine ventilation device in the four-apartment section

Rice. 65. Scheme of separate ventilation of residential and utility rooms of apartments

Rice. 66. Schemes of corner (a) and through (b) ventilation of one- and two-room apartments

SANITARY STATION- one or more premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed. In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary appliances and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined; a sanitary unit consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a separate toilet or a toilet with a washbasin. Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for piping installation.

Sanitary units with significant heat losses are equipped with heating appliances. In sanitary facilities not adjacent to external walls, heating device is a heated towel rail. Electrical ones are sometimes used infrared heaters switched on while using the bathroom. Ventilation of sanitary facilities is usually exhaust with natural impulse. In the southern regions, for better ventilation, sanitary facilities are located near the outer walls, in which window openings are provided.

The comfort of a sanitary unit largely depends on the availability of additional equipment, layout and placement of all parts, such as wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, undressing seats, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items.

In construction practice recent years, in order to increase industrialization, has become widespread effective method- installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged elements of factory production: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc. In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary fixtures, electric towels, centralized devices with supply liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the room and drains in the floor. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, public catering, etc.)

The bathrooms have showers and women's personal hygiene booths. Sanitary facilities public buildings are, as a rule, equipped with mechanically driven exhaust ventilation, which guarantees constant air exchange. The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. Ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used to cover floors. The walls are finished with oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetic films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to reach for cleaning.

Sanitary unit

Rice. 1.
Equipment diagram for a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.

sanitary unit(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main devices that make up the equipment of a sanitary unit: washbasin, toilet, bidet; can be located either in one room (combined bathroom) or in different rooms (separate bathroom). The bathroom, as a rule, also houses a washing machine and a box for storing dirty laundry. When deciding on the interior of a sanitary unit, it is desirable that its equipment and finishing be combined in color, style and materials.

The most convenient are the so-called lying bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Usually, in order to save space, a washbasin is installed near the bathtub, extending 10 cm above it, which should be at least 60 cm wide and have a trapezoidal or oval shape. Washbasins serving only for hand washing (located in the restroom) may be smaller in size. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. The position of the bidet in relation to the sewer riser can be any; It is important to place it so that it takes up less space and is convenient to use. Diagrams of the bathroom equipment are shown in Fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of a sanitary unit is shown in Fig. 3.

It is best to lay the floor and walls in the bathroom with ceramic tiles. This is an ideal material as it tolerates moisture perfectly. On such a floor it is good to put, for example, terry rugs of suitable colors and patterns. You can also put terry covers on the toilet lid and tank, which looks very impressive. It is recommended to cover the walls in the bathroom to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles in light colors - blue, white, cream, but you can also use black, which gives a unique effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. The walls above the tiles are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done using a suspended ceiling mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which frosted glass or plexiglass is inserted. Inside there are fluorescent lamps, which create the unique effect of a luminous ceiling surface (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic parts - towel racks, shelves, and also a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many ways.

Recently, various decorative materials are increasingly being used to decorate bathrooms: colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; They are available for sale in a wide range. The top of the walls and ceiling can be covered with film, combining colors. If there is no film, ordinary household oilcloth will do. The latter option is especially convenient in a wooden house, since at the same time the remaining rooms are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom must have very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil-based and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.

Sealing bathtubs. The most common are 2 options for sealing a bathtub. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bathtub begins with the manufacture of a wooden frame from slats with a cross-section of 30x40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded; it fits under the lip of the bathtub. Along the edge of the frame, cutouts are made for technological bosses on the bathtub (bottom under the collar). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bathtub when doing laundry, cleaning the bathtub, etc. 2 panels made of decorative laminated paper of a suitable color are hung from the top of the frame on hinges. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All panels have magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from its end, where large household items are stored. Another panel covers the shelves under the side wall of the bathtub. The bottom shelf is made at such a height that boxes of washing powders can be placed on it. On the top shelf there are stocks of soap, small-packaged powders, etc.

Sealing the washbasin. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for necessary things and covers pipes that do not decorate the interior. First, a frame is assembled from slats with a cross-section of 30x40 mm using spikes and epoxy glue. Side panels made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are attached to the frame. On the inside of the door you can install a box for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which ventilation holes are drilled (Fig. 6, A). If a linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).

Mirror. Above the washbasin you can hang a regular round (or other shaped) mirror in a beautiful frame and attach 2 decorative sconces on the sides (Fig. 7, A). But if you get a little creative, you can make your own, unique mirror. Here's one option. The original-shaped mirror is mounted on a varnished sheet of 8x10 mm. plywood, the ends of which are covered with dark paint. On the sides of the mirror install 2 homemade lamps with 15 W fluorescent lamps (Fig. 7, b). Lamps on a plywood sheet are secured with decorative plugs-brackets made of sheet brass. Before installation, the bracket plugs are polished and “gilded”. The inductor and capacitor of the lamp can be placed in any convenient place, the switch is next to the lamp, and it is also good to install a socket there to turn on the electric razor.

Dressing table by the washbasin. A very convenient dressing table, covering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, A). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is room for it. The basis is a frame made of bars with a cross section of 40×40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard; in front, an end panel made of chipboard is reinforced, equal in width to the facing tile. The same tiles that cover the walls are laid on the countertop and end panel. There is a cabinet underneath the dressing table.

The high chair is secured to the wall with loops and 2 chains covered with the same material as the high chair itself. A latch is placed on the wall to hold the chair in the lowered position.

If space permits, the bathtub is separated from the toilet shelf-cabinet, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a cabinet from boards, but it is also possible from chipboard covered with a decorative film “like wood”. The basis of the shelf-cabinet is a board 25 x 30 mm thick and 250 x 300 mm wide, running from the plinth to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7 x 8 shelves of the same width (250 x 300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) are 670 mm, all the rest are 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. A leg equal in height to the baseboard is nailed to the bottom board from the outside. 2 x 3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden tenons with glue. 5 lower shelves and an outer board form a box. You can arrange a locker below. On the toilet side it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of slats with a sheet of decorative laminated paper fixed to it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small nails. If space is limited, the doors can be made on plastic shelves (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces of the cabinet are covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.

Rice. 2.
Equipment diagram for a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.

Rice. 3.
Fragment of a sanitary unit.

Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous suspended ceiling.

Rice. 5.
Bathtub sealing:
a and b - frame;
c - plastic runners.

Rice. 6.
Sealing the washbasin:
a - with a drawer for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.

Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - second option with fluorescent lamps.

Rice. 8.
Dressing table by the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - sectional fragment of the structure;
1 - frame;
2 - tabletop;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.

Rice. 9.
Folding chair for the bathroom.

Encyclopedia "Housing". - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. A. A. Bogdanov, V. I. Borodulin, E. A. Karnaukhov, V. I. Shteiman. Wikipedia

SANITARY STATION- one or several premises in which sanitary fixtures are installed. With industrial methods, the construction of residential buildings S. u. often performed in the form of a manufactured product. on the z de san. technical cabins (see Volumetric block) ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

Sanitary unit (bathroom)- 1.2.36. A sanitary unit (bathroom) is a sanitary and hygienic room that has a toilet and washbasin...

One or several premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed.

In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary fixtures and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined; A bathroom consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a toilet or a toilet with a separate washbasin. The permissible dimensions of a sanitary unit (with an appropriate set of equipment), accepted in mass housing construction, are shown in Fig. 1.

Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for piping installation.

Sanitary units, which therefore have heat loss, are equipped with heating and appliances. In houses not adjacent to external walls, the heating device is a heated towel rail. Sometimes electric power is used. infrared heaters that turn on while using the bathroom. Ventilation S. u. usually exhaust from natural. motivation. To the south districts for better ventilation of the north. located at external walls,

in which window openings are provided.

The comfort of a sanitary unit, therefore, depends to a large extent on the availability of accessories, equipment, layout and placement of all parts (wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, seats for undressing rooms, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items).

In the practice of construction in recent years, in order to increase industrial efficiency, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary units using enlarged elements of factory production: sanitary-technical. blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials. materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc.

In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the premises and drains in the floor are installed. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, catering, etc.), the bathrooms have showers and women’s personal hygiene booths. S. u. societies and buildings are usually equipped with mechanical exhaust ventilation. an impulse that guarantees constant air exchange.

The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. For covering floors in general. ceramics are used. or plastic tiles. The walls are being finished oil paint, are lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetics. films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to reach for cleaning.

Depending on the planning decisions and size of the apartments, they provide two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises:

separate sanitary unit - bathroom and toilet unit;

combined sanitary unit.

A bathroom is a room designed to accommodate a bathtub and washbasin. Installation in the bathroom is allowed shower tray.

A restroom is a room designed for the installation of a toilet.

Combined sanitary unit - a room designed to install a bathtub, washbasin and toilet.

For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to install a toilet room - a room designed to install a toilet and washbasin.

Combined bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments with four or more rooms if these apartments have toilet rooms. In other types of apartments, separate bathrooms are provided. (Fig. 1, 2)

In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, it should be possible to place a washing machine. It is recommended to provide the possibility of permanently connecting an automatic washing machine to the hot water supply network (Fig. 3).

In some cases, with special technical justification, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bathtub and washbasin instead of one faucet adopted in standard solutions, as well as bidets and furniture containers (Fig. 4).

In the absence of centralized systems of engineering equipment in rural settlements, it is allowed to provide decentralized systems of cold and hot water supply and sewerage in houses. If there is no hot water supply in the bathroom, a place should be provided for a hot water heater.

Sanitary unit - one or more premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed.

In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary fixtures and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building.

A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined;

A bathroom consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a separate toilet or a toilet with a washbasin. Acceptable dimensions of a sanitary unit (with an appropriate set of equipment), accepted in mass housing construction.

Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for piping installation.

Sanitary units, which therefore have heat loss, are equipped with heating and appliances. In houses not adjacent to external walls, the heating device is a heated towel rail. Sometimes electric power is used. infrared heaters that turn on while using the bathroom. Ventilation S. u. usually drawn out with natural urge. In the southern regions, for better ventilation of the north. located near the external walls, in which window openings are provided.

The comfort of a sanitary unit, therefore, largely depends on the availability of complementary equipment, the layout and placement of all parts (wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, seats for undressing rooms, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items).

In the practice of construction in recent years, in order to increase industrialization, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged elements of factory production: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials. materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc.

In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric heated towel rails, centralized devices with liquid soap supply to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the premises and drains in the floor are installed. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, catering, etc.), the bathrooms have showers and women’s personal hygiene booths. S. u. societies and buildings are usually equipped with mechanically driven exhaust ventilation, which guarantees constant air exchange.

The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. Ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used to cover floors. The walls are finished with oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetics. films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to reach for cleaning.

Sanitary and technical requirements and standards for the operation of residential buildings

Kitchens, restrooms, bathrooms (showers) or combined sanitary units must have exhaust ventilation with natural draft directly from the premises. Kitchens and sanitary facilities equipped with gas water heaters must be provided with air flow through a grill (near the floor) with an area of at least 0.02 m2, through gaps under doors with a height of at least 0.03 m (the doors of such rooms must open outward).

Connection to chimneys gas water heaters and other gas appliances with gas outlet pipes should be arranged separately for each gas appliance. Exhaust ventilation living rooms apartments should be provided through exhaust ducts in kitchens, restrooms, bathrooms (showers) and drying cabinets. Connection not allowed ventilation devices, built into residential buildings, to channels designed to remove air from apartments. Ventilation of built-in objects must be autonomous.

Sanitary fixtures are devices that ensure sanitary improvement of residential and public utility buildings and industrial enterprises.

According to their purpose, sanitary fixtures are distinguished for:

- for hygienic purposes, installed in washbasins, bathtubs and shower rooms - washbasins, bathtubs, shower trays, etc.; placed in toilets and restrooms - toilets, urinals, floor-mounted closet bowls;
- for household needs, installed in kitchens, buffets, dining rooms and other premises - kitchen sinks, washing;
- special purposes - drinking fountains, sanitary equipment for laboratories, children's and medical institutions, household premises of industrial buildings.

Sanitary fixtures with fittings are supplied to construction sites in the form of sets, determined by the purpose of the buildings and corresponding in external decoration, size and color to the nature of the interiors of the premises where these fixtures are installed.

Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises

Fig.1. Planning solutions for volumetric reinforced concrete sanitary cabins, ( A- separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; V- toilet room)

Rice. 2. The prospect of solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit ( A- separate bathroom; V - combined bathroom)

Rice. 3. Layout diagram of an automatic washing machine of maximum dimensions connected to engineering equipment ( 1 - washing machine; 2 - inlet hose; 3 - drain hose; 4 – power cord)

Rice. 4. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort, (A- separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom)

Bathroom layout: 11 best options

The organization of a bathroom requires a special approach even at the design stage: after all, after the renovation is completed, it will be almost impossible to move the plumbing from one place to another. Before you start designing a bathroom, you should carefully consider the details and answer yourself a few questions.

How many people are in your family? Do you often receive guests? In what mode and how often do you use the bathroom? Are you planning to expand your family? Do older people use the bathroom? Where do you plan to wash clothes - in the bathroom or in the kitchen? And also do you need to have special equipment for people with disabilities?

When designing a bathroom, it is necessary to take into account the presence and location of risers, ventilation ducts, as well as the wiring diagram of communications to plumbing items.

The area of the bathroom can be increased either by combining the bathroom and toilet, or by connecting part of the corridor or utility room- of course, if there is no living space or kitchen on the floor below. Remember: the expansion option requires mandatory approval and certain financial investments for repair work. And today we want to offer you several options for planning bathrooms in houses of different standard construction.

Bathroom or shower? Bathroom in a house of series I-155

Undoubtedly, using the bathroom is a pleasant pleasure. But how often do you take it and how much do you need it? If you don’t have a great need for a bath, then you should think about choosing a shower, especially since with its help you can gain additional space for other useful items. Nowadays there is a huge variety of showers on the market to suit every taste. Also, do not forget about the possibility of using the shower compartment: decorating the walls is interesting modern mosaic, as well as the presence of a stylish glass cabin will enhance your interior special charm. The freed up space can be practically used for a washing machine.

Related information.