According to requirements pp.7.29-7.31 DBN V.2.5-56:2010 Painting and drying booths must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems.
Drying and painting booths have a number of features that should be taken into account when constructing fire extinguishing systems:
- As a rule, these premises are fire and explosion hazardous and require the use of certified explosion-proof equipment, design and installation taking into account the requirements of the PUE;
- The operating temperature in drying and painting chambers during operation can exceed 50˚ C, which does not allow the use of standard equipment with an operating temperature of up to +50˚ C (fire detectors and fire extinguishing modules) inside the protected premises;
- Possibility of contamination of detectors during painting, which also does not allow the use of standard detectors;
Depending on the dimensions, characteristics of the equipment used, technological process and other features of painting and drying booths, the BRAND group of companies can offer several options for automatic fire extinguishing systems. Reliability and efficiency automatic system Fire extinguishing of painting and drying booths mainly depends on the type of detectors and fire extinguishing agent.
When choosing the type of detectors, it is necessary to determine the primary signs of fire for the characteristic materials of painting and drying booths - paint products and solvents, while false alarms should be eliminated as much as possible, taking into account the technological process. Most characteristic features fires according to the degree of occurrence - smoke, flame, temperature. The use of smoke detectors is excluded due to the likelihood of false alarms when painted. The use of standard point smoke and heat detectors and flame detectors is also not always possible due to the operating temperature exceeding the operating temperature of the detectors (during the drying process).
The BRAND group of companies offers solutions using thermal linear detector TC series manufactured by Safe Fire Detection Inc. (USA).
| Thermal linear fire detector series TC (thermal cable) allows you to determine the excess of the response temperature along its entire length and is produced with different response temperatures - 68˚, 78˚, 88˚ or 105˚С. The detector response temperature is determined depending on the maximum operating temperature of the protected room according to the Operation Manual. The thermal cable is produced with three types of braiding - PVC (standard, for industrial use), nylon (for protection from mechanical damage and UV), polypropylene (for chemically active environments). The thermal cable can be used in explosion and fire hazardous areas when connected to the control panel through an spark protection unit. |
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For gas fire extinguishing, fire extinguishing modules are installed outside the protected chamber; the fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected volume through a distribution pipeline through nozzles. Gas fire extinguishing allows fires to be eliminated without harm to equipment and does not require the removal of fire extinguishing agents (removal is possible through natural ventilation, stationary or mobile smoke removal systems) from the equipment, but is more expensive. The proposed synthesized gases are safe for people at fire extinguishing concentrations and require less space to install fire extinguishing installations compared to carbon dioxide systems; they can be used to protect objects with constant occupancy of people. Fire extinguishing installations using carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide fire extinguishing), due to the low cost of the gas extinguishing agent, can be used to protect chambers with a high probability of fire (with frequent fires). When choosing the type of fire extinguishing agent, it should be taken into account that the fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide is lethal to humans and when constructing carbon dioxide extinguishing systems, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of people leaving the room before the fire extinguishing agent is supplied, equip the room with start-up cancellation devices and conduct training with personnel. |
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If it is possible and appropriate to place modules inside the protected volume, Brand-15 MPP modules are offered. Modules "Brand-15" are reusable modules of the downloaded type, have an autonomous operation function (when the temperature reaches 68˚C; no more than one module can be used per room with an autonomous start-up), and are produced in standard and explosion-proof versions. When placing modules outside the protected area, Brand-100 powder fire extinguishing modules are offered. The modules protect an area of up to 64 m 2 and a volume of up to 280 m 3, which allows you to protect large paint booths and optimally use their usable space. The design of the manual activator provides the ability to launch Brand-100 modules from a cable launch system (autonomous system). |
As fire extinguishing agents, the BRAND group of companies offers solutions using fire extinguishing powders or gas extinguishing agents (carbon dioxide or synthesized gases).
For powder fire extinguishing modules can be placed indoors (if 
Many years of experience in the production and implementation of automatic powder and gas fire extinguishing allows us to offer effective and economical solutions protection of painting and drying booths on a turnkey basis (supply of equipment, design, installation and commissioning works).
Automotive painting facilities are advanced processing facilities designed for vehicle repair and refurbishment. In such a box, most operating modes are automated, which greatly facilitates the operator’s work.
One of the main advantages of such a room is maximum ease of operation. When creating paint booths, only modern filter materials are used, thanks to which the air in the room is cleared of vapors paint and varnish materials as efficiently as possible.
Such cameras are an indispensable element for most modern car services, but the choice of such equipment must be approached very carefully. In our article we will look at the features of designing a paint service.
Where to start construction?
Having decided to build a paint booth for body work, you need to immediately think about the expected amount of profit and drawing up a construction project. You also need to consider the camera's performance and the expected number of employees.
Usually, for the full operation of a car painting shop, at least 1 painter is needed, as well as several disassemblers and straighteners. Recruited personnel need to be trained the latest technologies painting work, and in the workshop try to organize a mini-laboratory for the selection of paints.
As you can see, there is a lot of work, and in order to get completely confused, you need to draw up detailed project n spray booth.
Main Components
The main elements of the spray booth include:
- Premises (building);
- Filter system;
- Supply ventilation;
- Exhaust ventilation;
- Heat generator.
The main element of any spray booth is the housing and ventilation system. The fan helps clean the air in the room from persistent odors of paints and varnishes. Two ventilation systems can be installed in one chamber.
One of them will pump clean air into the body service room (supply), and the second at this moment removes paint particles (exhaust). The chamber can be equipped with only one fan, and in this case, when pumping clean air into the room, it creates increased level pressure.
Due to the fact that air is supplied from top to bottom, paint particles are converted into fog, settle and are discharged outside through a special hole.
The principle of operation of the painting booth is as follows: the air coming from the street is heated by the system to the required level (usually for painting cars it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the room at 20 degrees).
After heating, the air passes through a filter system and enters the paint booth. Next, having absorbed all the harmful paint vapors, the air passes exhaust system filters and ventilation, after which it is discharged outside.
If the spray booth is equipped with high-quality filters, the air is discharged outside the booth as purified as possible. Almost all operating modes in modern painting booths are automated.
Another important structural element of a spray booth is lighting fixtures. Poor light does not allow craftsmen to see various flaws and defects on the surface of the body and effectively eliminate them.
Lighting in the spray booth is usually fluorescent or regular halogen daylight bulbs. Sometimes the owners of such premises increase their spending by equipping the spray booth with LED lighting.
In general, experts recommend installing mortise lamps with a glass diffuser in body service cameras. It is better to avoid lamps covered with plastic. The plastic often gets scratched, resulting in poor light quality.
Paint box - design features
The layout of the spray booth always depends on design features buildings. Several types of paint boxes are now known:
- Equipped with one motor;
- Cameras with two motors;
- Dead-end premises;
- Premises where metal structures are supplied manually;
- Boxes in which metal structures are supplied by mechanical methods;
- Passage rooms;
- Boxes with top tracks.
The main feature of dead-end spray booths is the ability to rotate the vehicle for convenient and uniform painting on all sides. Pass-through boxes allow metal structures to be moved along a special belt during the painting process.
In single-engine boxes ventilation system is represented by just one unit that supplies air into the room from top to bottom, thereby creating high level pressure. Under its influence, the paint mist is lowered down and removed from the room through the lower ventilation hole.
Unfortunately, single-motor spray booths result in a lot of contamination. environment, so they are now used very rarely. More the best option ventilation for the painting unit will be a two-engine unit.
It is based on two motors, each of which performs only one function. One motor is responsible for pumping clean air, and the second is responsible for removing dirty air containing paint vapors.
A properly designed paint booth will allow you to get a high-quality painted car without spending a lot of money. large number paints and maintaining the cleanliness of the workplace and the health of the painters.
- Filter area on the ceiling;
- Fan performance and power;
- Correct placement of lighting devices;
- Air speed inside the filter equipment;
- The area of the filter located on the floor.
Rules for calculating ceiling and floor filters
The air filter is an important structural element of any car service center that paints cars. They are placed evenly in the room where the car body is painted. Such filters come in two varieties, for floor and ceiling.
The ceiling filter for the spray booth is installed so that it can be easily removed if necessary. For uninterrupted operation of the spray booth cleaning system, it is necessary to initially correctly calculate the minimum area of the filter elements.
Each of these types of filters should ensure maximum cleaning efficiency of the box (indicators should exceed 99%). In this regard, cleansing is performed in stages:
- First, large particles of paint are removed from the air;
- In subsequent stages, small particles are removed from the air.
This technique requires the use of fine filters, thanks to which dust from the street air does not settle on the surface of painted metal structures. To calculate the minimum area of ceiling filters, you need to know exactly the level of nominal air flow in the spray booth.
This parameter will need to be divided by the nominal air flow rate in the filter being used. The result of such calculations will be the minimum surface area of the filters. Naturally, to achieve maximum efficiency of the entire system, it is necessary to install large-area filters in the box.
In a similar way, you can calculate the minimum area for filters on the floor. In general, a floor filter for a spray booth consists of two structural elements: load-bearing sheathing and filter elements.
The painting booth drawing is created in several versions. Each of them has its own type of lathing with filters. The grille can be located directly under the car, or under the wheels of the vehicle.
In addition, the lathing can completely cover the floor of the chamber, and the filter elements in this case will be several centimeters below the level of the lathing.
Creating box lighting
It is best to equip a car painting booth with ceiling and wall lights evenly distributed throughout the room. It is also recommended to install several additional lighting fixtures on the back wall of the box.
For high-quality car painting, it is important that lighting devices do not contribute to the appearance of a flickering effect. For spray booths, the most convenient are long lamps mounted in checkerboard pattern, vertically. You can also equip the room with fluorescent lighting fixtures.
Fire safety
A paint booth for metal structures has one significant drawback - it has a high fire hazard. When arranging such a room, you need to pay great attention to safety requirements. When constructing paint booths, not only construction standards must be observed, but also the rules for arranging electrical networks.
All elements of the room and ventilation equipment must be equipped reliable protection against explosions. When equipping walls thermal insulation materials It is necessary to pay attention to the high resistance of materials to fire.
The best insulation for such rooms would be mineral wool. Fire extinguishing for a paint booth is an element that must be equipped in a car service bay. The implementation of a fire extinguishing system must be noted in the project plan.
To enlarge fire safety box, it is necessary to equip the heat exchanger with a special thermostat that performs protective functions.
You also need to equip the control panel with a special button that allows you to emergency situations block the operation of the air supply valve (resulting in the flow of compressed air stop). The room must have a grounding system for electrical appliances.
The spray booth is a functional automatic mechanism, ensuring safety and high speed of operation, as well as – high quality coloring of products. The operating principle of the chamber is that compressed, purified and heated to the required temperature air from the street is supplied to a special cabin using ventilation systems.
The atmosphere created in the box allows for high-quality painting of the car, and after the procedure is completed, all dangerous compounds can be removed through a special ventilation hole.
Introduction
Justification of the need for the use and type of APPP
Selecting the type of fire extinguishing installation
Installation design
Design of the ATP system
Layout of the main components and description of the operation of the APPP installation
Brief instructions for operating APPZ installations
Literature
INTRODUCTION
Wide scope of cultural, housing and industrial construction, changes in structure modern production, high degree of concentration of material assets, transition to the construction of buildings high number of storeys require effective measures fire protection. As experience shows, an effective direction in solving the problem of fire protection of objects national economy is the mass introduction of devices and systems fire alarm and fire fighting. Early detection of a small fire by a fire detector and transmission alarm signal to the duty console allows you to receive timely necessary measures and eliminate the fire at the initial stage of its development.
Fire protection systems are a complex of complex technical devices that ensure fire safety of people, technological equipment, material assets and building structures buildings and structures. Such systems detect fires without human intervention, sound an alarm and extinguish fires at the initial stage of their development. They are an integral part of the equipment modern buildings and structures using safety and labor protection means.
APZ systems are increasingly used in the most various objects various forms property. Continuously improving efficiency technical means APZ, their specialization is expanding.
IN modern devices and APPP systems widely use scientific advances in automation and electronics, ensuring their high reliability and efficiency.
Analyzing the facts of the increase in the occurrence of fires, it is easy to conclude that the rate of deployment of fire protection is lagging behind the rate of growth of materialized fire danger, which finds expression in new products, equipment, technology machines. As a result, both the number of fires and the damage caused by them have a clear upward trend. Suppressing these trends requires significant material and human resources, including fire automatic equipment. These trends can be stabilized and even reduced if at all levels of fire hazard: at the stages of research and development, development, pilot production. Thanks to this, it will be possible to timely detect potentially fire-hazardous developments and take measures to eliminate sources of danger.
In this course project, I am developing automatic fire protection for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5).
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATION AND TYPE OF APZ FOR SPECIFIC PREMISES
All buildings and premises with a high fire hazard are equipped with fire automatics. There are two approaches to the issue of using fire automatics - deterministic and probabilistic.
Deterministic requirements for the selection of fire automatics are set out in regulatory documents - building codes and rules (SNiP) and construction standards of Belarus (SNB), as well as lists of designed, reconstructed and technically re-equipped buildings and premises of national economic facilities of the republican ministries, departments and societies that are subject to equipment with automatic fire extinguishing means and automatic fire alarms (by ministries). It is obvious that the deterministic method for determining the need for fire protection and its type is based on average indicators of the fire hazard of premises. In addition, it cannot respond quickly to new technological processes, changes in their modes, changes in the fire load in the premises, etc. Therefore, in cases where there is no regulatory justification for the need and type of APPP or when it is necessary to extend the provisions of the standard to new production, a probabilistic method based on is used.
The probabilistic approach to the use of fire automatics is based on compliance with the required level of ensuring fire safety of people and material assets. The basic data for the calculation are the classification of objects by explosion and fire hazard, characteristics of evacuation routes, critical duration of a fire, statistical data on fires. This method is based on complex calculations and is used much less frequently than deterministic.
In our case, it is necessary to justify the type of installation of the APPZ for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5). The area of the room is 300 m2. According to being normative document in the Republic of Belarus, protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations is required.
SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATION
The type of fire extinguishing installation is determined by the selected fire extinguishing agent, extinguishing method and incentive system.
The choice of the type of fire extinguishing agent is made taking into account the compatibility of its properties with the properties of the substances and materials to be extinguished. Since a large number of books are concentrated in the library’s book depository, some of them are of historical value, it is necessary to choose the most effective fire extinguishing agent for successful fire extinguishing and preservation.
So, according to table. 4.1 the means for extinguishing substances and materials located in the painting booth using flammable liquids is water, water with wetting agents or low expansion foam.
We accept low expansion foam as the most effective fire extinguishing agent (including compatibility with flammable materials).
In case of fires in paint booths, the dynamics of fire development depend on the location and workload (availability of flammable liquids, paints and varnishes and the equipment used for painting). In the initial stage of fire development, there is a rapid increase in temperature, and then a rapid increase in the fire area. In this regard, in order to prevent further spread of the fire, it is necessary to supply low expansion foam into the paint booth space in the shortest possible time. The most appropriate would be the use of an automatic foam fire extinguishing system (AUPP).
Knowing the dependence of the determining factor of a fire on the time of its development, it is possible to determine the maximum permissible time for detecting a fire by the incentive system and thereby select its type.
As follows from Fig. 1, the permissible fire detection time T obl.add., consisting of the time until the trigger threshold T por.srab. and inertia of the stimulus T in.pob. in the prevailing conditions of a real fire, is determined from the condition:
T obl.add = T por.av. + T in.pob.< Т пред. - Т ин.эл. -Т ин.мех.
where, T limit - maximum permissible time of fire development,
T in.el. , T in.mech. - accordingly inertia electrical system installation and mechanical and hydraulic systems of AUP.
The vertical axis in Fig. 1 shows the dangerous factor of fire development and its critical value, and the horizontal axis shows time. T ap.aup (aup actuation time).
The quantities included in the expression T obv.ad. are determined as follows.
Fig.1. Graphic model of fire development.
The maximum permissible time for the development of a fire is determined directly from the graph of the dependence of the fire hazard on time as the moment it reaches its critical value. Inertia electrical diagram installation is, according to experimental data, 1-2 seconds, the inertia of the mechanical and hydraulic systems of the fire control system depends on the type of installation, the type and method of supplying the fire extinguishing agent and can approximately be taken within 10-30 seconds. Actual time of fire detection T obl.fact. must be less than or equal to the value of T obl. add. It is defined for various types incentives depending on the conditions of development of a particular fire.
Based on the above, we accept the electric SPS as an incentive system.
INSTALLATION DESIGN
The fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected premises using sprinklers. Considering that the distance between sprinklers should be no more than 4 meters, maximum area controlled by one sprinkler 12 meters; the intensity of irrigation with a foaming agent solution of at least 0.15 l/cm 2 for placing a painting booth using flammable liquids (group 4.1.) (Table 1) determines that it is necessary to install 25 sprinklers.
The distance from the wall to the sprinkler is no more than 1.5 m. Pipelines should be designed from steel pipes with welded and flanged connections (clause 5.26).
Equipment automatic installations water and foam fire extinguishing equipment is located in a room that is separated from other rooms by fire partitions with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 45 and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45.
Control nodes on the first floor of the building. For foam fire extinguishing installations, it is necessary to provide a 100% supply of foam concentrate. Pumping stations must be located in a separate room of buildings on the ground floor. They must have a separate exit to the outside (clause 5.56). Room pumping station must be separated from other rooms by partitions. The station must be equipped with telephone communication with the fire station premises with personnel leading 24/7 duty(clause 5.67).
Valves installed on pipelines filling the waste water tank should be installed in the pumping station premises (clause 5.71). Instrumentation and measuring rods must be installed in the premises of the fire extinguishing station to ensure visual control (clause 5.72).
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