During the cleaning process, AHS personnel use various cleaning materials(cleaning and detergents), the choice of which is currently very large. When choosing from a large number of offers for cleaning materials, you should choose those cleaning materials that:
- significantly simplify and speed up cleaning;
- make it as safe as possible for personnel and do not cause harm environment;
- provide the highest standards in cleaning;
- are economical and effective.
In upscale hotels, as a rule, they do not use individual types of detergents and cleaning products, but entire complex systems designed specifically for cleaning hotel premises. These systems include basic cleaning products for hotel rooms and public spaces:
- a product for washing and treating sanitary equipment (also a disinfectant);
- means for cleaning glass and mirror surfaces;
- means for removing dust and dirt from wooden and synthetic surfaces;
- means for removing stains from tiles;
- air fresheners (all kinds of deodorizing preparations, tobacco smoke removal products, as well as numerous other means for automated and manual cleaning.
Such systems have a number of advantages. As a rule, cleaning products arrive at the hotel in large volume vessels. These can be preparations in finished or concentrated form. The vessels are reusable and recyclable. One container of concentrate replaces hundreds of bottles. This is very important for saving hotel space and reducing waste.
For convenience and clarity, containers (canisters) with detergents are digitally coded and vary in color. On such containers, as a rule, there are also drawings or pictograms that explain the purpose of this product. Thanks to this, the staff will never confuse the products and will accurately select the product needed for cleaning.
Detergent dispensers refilled from large canisters are very effective in operation. The dosing system automatically fills small containers (bottles) with the necessary detergents. The automatic container filling system controls the flow of water if concentrated drugs are used, and also regulates the weight and filling level of the bottles. The system eliminates the possibility of displacing or incorrectly filling detergents, since only properly labeled containers can be filled from the dispenser. When using automatic system By filling smaller containers, personnel come into less contact with detergents, which is very important for maintaining people’s health. It is important that all detergents used have one common aroma. It should be pleasant and unobtrusive and in no case resemble the smell of bleach.
Depending on the property, hotel housekeeping staff use a variety of detergents and cleaning products. They can be divided into the following groups: products for daily cleaning; hard surface floor care products; multi-purpose cleaning products; means for special processing; carpet and textile cleaning products; means for sanitary and hygienic cleaning.
Daily cleaning products include the following:
- means for daily cleaning of plumbing fixtures;
- a product for daily cleaning of hard floors;
- universal detergent for daily cleaning of office premises.
The following products are used when caring for hard floors:
- detergent and maintenance agent for automatic floor scrubbers;
- universal cleaner for heavily soiled floors;
- special product for caring for wood and natural linoleum floors;
- means for deep cleaning of floors (removal of old acrylic, wax coatings and old dirt, including oil), etc.
The following products are suitable for multi-purpose cleaning:
- multi-purpose alcohol-containing detergent for washing walls, plastic furniture, office equipment, windows, glass surfaces, mirrors;
- cleaner for synthetic surfaces - office equipment, furniture, etc.
Special surface treatment is often required, which involves using:
- aerosol product for removing dust, fingerprints, stains from wooden and synthetic surfaces;
- marble crystallization powder;
- high-gloss floor varnish;
- a product for impregnating porous stone floors and protecting carpet surfaces.
For effective cleaning of carpets and textiles, there are:
- carpet cleaner used for washing vacuum cleaners;
- shampoo for wet and dry foam cleaning of carpets;
- chewing gum remover;
- aerosol product for removing water-insoluble stains;
- foam remover for water-soluble stains, etc.
Sanitary cleaning can be done using the following preparations:
- a product for removing calcium deposits from plumbing fixtures (periodic cleaning);
- a strong acidic agent for periodically removing various deposits in toilets and urinals;
- acidic product for plumbing (daily cleaning);
- detergent and deodorizing agent for washing floors, walls, plumbing in sanitary rooms, swimming pools, saunas.
All cleaning materials and detergents must have quality certificates and necessary instructions by use.
Cleaning equipment. Cleaning equipment includes: all kinds of service carts, vacuum cleaners for dry cleaning, vacuum cleaners, carpet cleaners and carpet washers, single-disc machines/floor polishers, floor scrubbers, sweepers, automatic machines for washing escalator steps.
Hotels currently use cleaning and service trolleys for various purposes and various modifications. When purchasing such cleaning equipment, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of operation of a particular hotel enterprise. It is possible to complete the trolley to an individual order. There are a number of basic requirements for hotel cleaning carts:
- they must be made of high-quality materials that guarantee long service life and reliability (reinforced metal or plastic base, special polymer coating everyone metal parts resistant to aggressive environments);
- the fabric of the bags must be made of high-strength and durable fabric (vinyl, nylon);
- trolleys must have protective bumpers to protect hotel premises from damage;
- the wheels of the carts must be on bearings, giving them good maneuverability;
- buckets and trays must be made of impact-resistant and heat-resistant plastic;
- overall dimensions trolleys must correspond to the capacity of the existing service elevator cabins in the hotel.
To carry out various cleaning work in a hotel, trolleys with both a minimum and a maximum set of equipment are required. For hotel operation services to operate, it is necessary different models hotel trolleys. The simplest are carts for cleaning floors in small rooms, equipped only with a bucket and a mechanical wringer for the mop cloth. When cleaning rooms, multifunctional (combined) carts are used, which are convenient for transporting detergents, equipment, consumables, etc.
A maid trolley is usually equipped with a reusable bag for dirty laundry and a garbage bag on folding holders. This model should have a number of shelves. Most often, clean linen is placed on the lower shelves, and on the upper shelves. consumables. This cart is equipped with a platform for a vacuum cleaner and buckets. Additional multifunctional hinged, easily removable trays can also be added to accommodate all kinds of cleaning equipment and accessories. More the best option will be if such trays on the cart are pulled out. This increases the useful volume of the trolley by 50%, improves ergonomics and opens additional features to perform cleaning operations. In addition, hotel space is used more efficiently and operational efficiency increases. Very convenient is the universal holder for mops, brushes, flounders, dustpans, etc., which can be attached to any cart. It is advisable that the carts be equipped with plastic lids for bags for dirty laundry and garbage.
Carts with laundry racks covered with a special curtain or special panels look more aesthetically pleasing. Firstly, it is smart from a hygiene point of view, and secondly, they allow you to hide all the “working moments”. The top shelf with consumables for guests should be covered from dust with a linen napkin.
A fully equipped maid trolley is quite heavy. The newest models of cleaning carts are equipped with an electric drive, which makes it possible not to push the cart with great effort, but to calmly and easily control it and even ride on it.
Each maid serving 12–16 rooms is assigned a work cart. The maid must keep her work cart in perfect condition at all times. The speed of the maid's work depends on whether the cart is in order or not. The trolley must be neat, all necessary items must be laid out in strict accordance with the order established in the hotel. Do not overload the cart or allow laundry or other items to fall out of it.
The trolley should not be left unnecessarily in hotel corridors. When cleaning rooms, the cart must be placed in such a way that it does not interfere with the passage along the corridor, as close to the room as possible. The cart should never be left unattended. During breaks and at the end of the shift, the cart must be returned to the office area. Typically, evening shift maids are charged with stocking carts for the next morning maid shift. Any breakdown of the trolley must be reported immediately to the hotel's engineering department.
Today Russian market offers a wide range of cleaning equipment (mechanisms) for hotels. The task of this teaching aid does not include a detailed review of technical data and an assessment of the proposed range of such products. On this topic there is large number specialized literature and, finally, the Internet. I would like to dwell only on the most basic.
Cleaning equipment in modern hotels must have high performance, exceptional reliability, strength and durability. One of the main requirements for it is the ability to absorb impacts and not damage furniture. Cleaning equipment used in hotels must have a low noise level so as not to create inconvenience for guests and staff. Harvesting equipment should be convenient and easy to use, provide high maneuverability and stability.
Vacuum cleaners for dry cleaning. Currently, there are a lot of such vacuum cleaners offered by various supplier companies. Upscale hotels have compact vacuum cleaners in their arsenal for cleaning small areas; vacuum cleaners for cleaning medium and large areas, so-called stand-up vacuum cleaners with a built-in electric brush; and even backpack vacuum cleaners (backpack vacuum cleaners), which are used to clean up concert halls, heavily crowded rooms, warehouses and production premises. Vacuum cleaners are equipped with a series of additional accessories necessary for specific work (nozzle for cleaning furniture; crevice nozzle; nozzle for cleaning radiators; nozzle for cleaning pipes, blinds; electric brush, etc.). Modern vacuum cleaners have a multi-stage air filtration system.
Vacuum cleaners – These are universal devices that serve both for dry cleaning and for removing detergent from the floor (irrigation-suction system). Additional accessories for them can include: kits for washing windows and walls, kits for cleaning steps, etc.
Carpet cleaners and carpet washers. Carpet surfaces are cleaned using such machines using the dry foam cleaning method. The foam generator produces foam with minimal moisture content, which makes carpets dry quickly. The machine simultaneously carries out chemical and mechanical treatment of carpet surfaces, achieving the highest cleanliness results. These high-performance machines treat natural fiber coatings very gently and effectively combat allergens.
Single-disc machines (polishes). With the help of such units you can wash solids. floor coverings, dry and wet foam cleaning of carpet surfaces, spray cleaning and polishing, treatment of wooden floors.
Scrubber dryers are the most productive and efficient floor cleaning machines.
Sweepers – These high-performance units are designed for cleaning warehouses, workshops,
minals, parking lots, underground garages and other internal and external areas. There are battery, petrol and gas options these machines.
Automatic machines for washing escalator steps. These devices allow you to wash and dry both horizontal and vertical steps of escalators. Thanks to a special lifting device, the device has the function of independently stepping from step to step.
Working with cleaning equipment (mechanisms) requires personnel to know and comply with safety regulations. Cleaning electrical equipment must be disconnected from the power supply during breaks. Do not use cleaning equipment with a damaged electrical cord or a faulty, very hot plug. When disconnecting devices from the power supply, you need to grab the plug, and not pull the electrical cord. It is necessary to systematically monitor the serviceability of electrical outlets. Do not leave cleaning equipment unattended. There should be no cases where electrical wires, hoses and other objects interfere with the passage of hotel guests and staff. All harvesting mechanisms must be in full working order to avoid accidents.
Inventory. To reach excellent results When cleaning, housekeeping service personnel use various equipment in their work.
Devices for dry and wet cleaning. This is, first of all, mops. They come in different sizes, designs, with regular and retractable (telescopic) handles. Typically, both disposable and reusable rags (attachments, cloths, pads) are suitable for them. Wring-out mops allow you to wring out the mop without putting your hands into the container with the cleaning solution. Some mop models have a rotating head, allowing you to clean the floor in hard to reach places. The attachments can be attached to the mop using Velcro or using a special clip. Mops should be lightweight and easy to use.
Along with mops, all kinds of holders, flowers, MOPS. Their rag attachment systems and wringer systems also offer the ability to reduce the contact between workers' hands and detergents, making the cleaning process safer and more hygienic. The rags used for these devices (nozzles, sheets, pads) are very durable and can withstand repeated washing with almost boiling water. The most common sizes of such devices and, accordingly, attachments for them are from 30 to 120 cm.
Window cleaning equipment, showcases As a rule, a kit (set) for washing windows and display cases consists of: a tool for wetting glass or, in other words, a “sponge” for applying the solution; directly with a special tool for cleaning glass (squeeze) and a telescopic handle.
Equipment for applying varnish and wax. For work such as restoration and surface maintenance wooden doors, requires special clamps with a handle, plush rags with a holder for applying varnish, a sponge with a wooden insert, a viscose sponge for applying wax.
For quick and high-quality cleaning in a hotel, you need a variety of brushes. Here are just some of the items: a brush for washing windows, a brush for cleaning shower cabins, a universal brush for removing dust from any hard-to-reach surfaces, a brush for removing dust and dirt from blinds, a brush for removing dust and dirt from the surface and internal cavities of heating radiators, furniture brush.
Screeds for removing liquids from the floor They are anodized holders with a nozzle made of soft porous double rubber.
Buckets for squeezing rags(nozzles, cloths) from mops. They are made of high-strength plastic. The mop attachment is placed in the spin compartment after first disconnecting it from the mop. Spinning is carried out by pressing a special pedal with your foot. The device has a spin degree regulator.
Rags, napkins. Rags for cleaning the floor. For dry cleaning of floor coverings, both reusable and disposable rags are used. Hotels purchase packages of reusable rags (three or more per pack) and special dispensers containing rolls of disposable rags. The dispenser can hold 150 or more disposable rags.
For wet floor cleaning, it is very important that the rags have excellent absorbent properties. Some types of rags can absorb moisture up to eight times their own weight. This makes it possible to dry the floor faster, which is very important when cleaning rooms that are constantly open to traffic (lobbies, corridors, etc.).
To achieve high standards of hygiene, reusable rags must be washed at a temperature of 90 degrees or more after cleaning. It is important that they do not lose quality during repeated washing.
To remove dirt from other surfaces, use all kinds of rags and napkins. Wipes must be able to easily and effectively remove dust, oil and other contaminants. In hotels, universal wipes, window cleaning wipes, dust collection wipes, etc. are widely used. Universal microfiber cloths are suitable for both wet and dry cleaning. They add shine to surfaces, come in different colors, and can be washed at high temperatures.
Mittens and sponges for cleaning sinks and bathtubs after cleaning it should be washed at a temperature of 60 degrees. Non-scratch sponges and wipes are suitable for cleaning surfaces, and the accessories should be separated and selected according to the color indicating the specific cleaning area. So, usually for cleaning washbasins, mirror surfaces and tiles, they use equipment painted in yellow, while toilets, urinals, including push buttons and tiles in areas that may be splashed, are washed with red textiles. In addition, it is advisable to use the 16-sided napkin folding method. This method provides the most rational mode work and significantly improves hygiene levels.
Stepladders, stepladders, platform stepladders. The main requirements for this type of product are: stability and safety. In addition, it is required that these products be lightweight, have perforated steps, and take up little space.
Finally, hotel cleaning requires simple items such as: buckets for cleaning floors, scoops, brooms, baskets for cleaning supplies.
Modern cleaning equipment, materials and equipment help make keeping a hotel clean an easier and more enjoyable experience.
- Reinigungs Markt. Russian edition. 2004. No. 3.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
HOTEL MANAGEMENT
HOTEL ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURE
HOTEL INSPECTION SYSTEM
REPAIR AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE HOTEL FACILITY
ORGANIZATION OF OPERATION OF THE HOTEL FACILITY
2. OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES AND HOTEL PREMISES
FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS OF BASEMENTS
WALLS
FACADES
COLORS
FLOORS
PARTITIONS
ROOFS
WINDOWS AND DOORS
STAIRS
OVEN
SPECIAL EVENTS FOR TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE BUILDING
OPERATION OF RESIDENTIAL AND AUXILIARY PREMISES OF HOTELS
Stairwells
Attic spaces
Basements and technical undergrounds
3. RULES FOR THE OPERATION OF HOTEL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
CENTRAL HEATING
HOT WATER SUPPLY
VENTILATION
AIR CONDITIONING
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE
INTERNAL ROOF DRAINS
GAS SUPPLY
WASTE AND DUST REMOVAL
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ELEVATORS AND SUPPORTS
RADIO AND TELEVISION
AUTOMATION, ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTS
DISPATCH SERVICE
MAIN WAYS TO SAVE HEAT AND ELECTRIC ENERGY
INVENTORY AND ITS CONTENTS
4. RULES OF OPERATION OF THE TERRITORY ADJACENT TO THE HOTEL AND CARRYING OUT SANITARY AND HYGIENIC MEASURES
TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE, CLEANING, SANITARY CLEANING, GREENING OF THE TERRITORY
SANITARY AND HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HOTEL
5. SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FIRE SAFETY RULES FOR THE OPERATION OF HOTELS
HEALTH AND SAFETY RULES
FIRE SAFETY RULES
APPENDIX 1 Acceptance certificate of a hotel or hotel management upon change of director or chief engineer (engineer) of the hotel (hotel branch)
APPENDIX 2 Time frames for troubleshooting when performing unscheduled current repairs individual parts of hotel buildings and their equipment
APPENDIX 3 Ventilation and air conditioning systems in hotel rooms
APPENDIX 4 Lowest illumination of hotel premises
APPENDIX 5 Permissible sound levels and sound pressure and amendments to them
APPENDIX 6 Recommendations for sealing window sashes in hotel buildings
APPENDIX 7 Improving operational sustainability and water flow control data in hotel water supply systems
APPENDIX 8 Operating modes of air-heat curtains and air heating in hotels
APPENDIX 9 Recommendations for organizing a rating system for recording the condition of hotel equipment and structures
APPENDIX 10 Recommendations for decorative landscaping of hotels
APPENDIX 11 Forms of logs and safety briefing registration checklist
APPENDIX 12 List of professions of hotel workers associated with the performance of high-risk work, subject to annual training and testing of safety knowledge at enterprises (organizations) of the housing and communal services system of the RSFSR
APPENDIX 13 Individual evacuation plan
APPENDIX 14 Standards for primary fire extinguishing agents
APPENDIX 15 Requirements for the maintenance of fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting automatic systems
APPENDIX 16 Norms depreciation charges by fixed assets national economy USSR
APPENDIX 17 Standard average service life public buildings, their structural elements finishing and engineering equipment
Drawing up a plan diagram of a resort hotel
Development of the layout of a hotel building
Drawing up a presentation “Diagram of residential floors of famous hotels in the world”
Topic 1.3. Technical operation of hotel enterprises
The procedure for commissioning buildings and structures
All objects of tourist establishments are accepted for operation subject to the completion of the work provided for in the design and estimate documentation and the possibility of their normal functioning.
Upon completion of construction (reconstruction) of buildings, they are accepted by the working, State and departmental commissions.
The general contracting organization notifies in writing of the completion of the work. The customer creates a working commission within five days. It includes representatives of the customer, general contractor, subcontractors, design organization, sanitary inspection authorities, fire inspection and other organizations. The task of the working commission is to determine the readiness for operation of buildings or a complex.
The commission checks the finished facilities with all the necessary networks and equipment, compares them with the project, and compares the actual costs according to the documents. The general contractor must submit everything necessary documents: a set of drawings and estimates, acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures, test reports of water supply networks, sewerage, hot water supply, heating and other equipment.
The working commission determines the deadlines for eliminating deficiencies and transfers all documentation to the customer.
The State Commission includes representatives of the Architectural Committee, the State Sanitary and Fire Supervision Inspectorate, and may include representatives of road organizations and the bank financing the construction.
The State Commission reviews the acts and documents submitted by the customer, establishes the compliance of the facility and design documentation, checks the quality of work and the readiness of the facility for commissioning in accordance with the rules and regulations technical operation and safety precautions.
Residential and public buildings can be put into operation only if the sanitary, electrical, energy and other devices provided for by the project (elevators, gas supply, etc.) are in operation.
The State Commission draws up an act of acceptance of the facility into operation. When the act is signed by the chairman of the State Commission, the object is considered to be put into operation and is accepted on the balance sheet of the tourist institution as part of its fixed assets. After State acceptance, financing of the facilities ends and there should be no deficiencies left, with the exception of landscaping work, which can be postponed to the next planting period (spring or autumn). At the same time, the facility accepted for operation is not ready to receive tourists until a staff of service personnel has been selected and food, fuel, necessary soft and hard equipment, furniture, etc. have been delivered. This happens during the pre-launch period.
The opening of constructed complexes or individual facilities is allowed only after a special departmental acceptance commission has verified the technical and economic readiness to serve tourists. During the pre-launch period, a departmental commission monitors the timeliness of work.
Lifespan of the building
The ability of a building to maintain strength and stability for a long time is called durability. The durability of a building depends on the quality of construction and materials used, as well as operating conditions. Based on their service life, buildings are divided into three groups:
More than 100 years;
From 50 to 100 years;
From 20 to 50 years.
Buildings erected for a service life of less than 20 years are not rated for durability (for example, temporary structures).
Over time, buildings and structures lose their original qualities and value. Physical and moral wear and tear occurs.
Physical wear and tear is the loss of strength and stability of a building over time, a decrease in water and air permeability, thermal, sound insulation and other properties.
Physical wear and tear is affected by:
Natural factor - impact external environment;
Quality of construction and installation works and materials during construction and repairs;
Compliance with operating standards and regulations;
Quality and timeliness of current and major repairs;
Use of the building for its intended purpose;
The period the building is in use.
Subject to compliance with the rules and regulations for the operation of the building and timely implementation of high-quality repairs, the intensity of physical wear is reduced and normal physical wear occurs, which must correspond to the standard average service life of the building.
The period during which a building must fully meet its purpose and can be used (without violation of the conditions of service for the people living in it (except for the time of reconstruction or major repairs)) is called the standard average service life of the building.
The standard service life of the building as a whole and its main structural elements (foundations, walls, ceilings) coincide. Secondary structural elements (roofs, stairs, floors, windows, doors, partitions) can wear out twice or thrice, so they have shorter service life. Therefore, it is necessary to know the service life of structural elements, building parts and engineering equipment in order to carry out timely necessary repairs, support them in in good condition without allowing premature wear.
The period from the moment of state acceptance of a building upon completion of construction until its operation is impossible due to its dilapidated condition or is inappropriate for economic reasons is called the actual service life. The actual service life may not coincide with the standard one, since it depends on:
On the quality of work on site selection, taking into account the conditions of the climatic zone;
Operating conditions (compliance with temperature and humidity conditions in the premises, sanitary condition premises);
Quality of materials, construction work;
Compliance with the norms and rules of technical operation (carrying out routine repairs).
Based on the service life and technical condition of structures, the percentage of physical deterioration of the building is determined. If the percentage of wear exceeds 80%, then the condition of the building may be considered emergency. The object is subject to write-off, subsequent disassembly and exclusion from balance sheet accounting.
Over time, buildings, structures and equipment age not only physically, but also morally. Obsolescence is the non-compliance of buildings, structures and engineering equipment with modern requirements. It depends on the state of scientific and technological progress in construction and industry, modern requirements for technical aesthetics and the period of operation. Obsolescence is characterized by the degree of comfort, convenience and rationality, and the suitability of the building for its purpose.
Physical wear and tear is eliminated by performing all technical maintenance activities, including major repairs, during which worn parts of structures and parts of the building are replaced. Obsolescence can be eliminated partially during major repairs, but completely only during reconstruction.
3. System of preventive maintenance
The efficiency of organizing services in tourist establishments depends directly on the technical condition of fixed assets. Based on the technical condition of buildings and structures, they determine how rationally they are used, whether they are carried out correctly necessary measures to prevent premature wear and disrepair.
Each tourist establishment undergoes technical certification. Each object on the balance sheet has a passport. The more complete and thorough the passport is, the easier it is to plan and implement maintenance activities. All changes to the technical condition of fixed assets are made in the passport, since the passport data is used when carrying out maintenance activities and resolving issues regarding the reconstruction and long-term development of a tourist establishment.
The “Recommendations for organizing the technical operation of buildings and structures of tourist establishments” determines that the task of the technical operation of buildings and structures is to ensure their uninterrupted operation within the standard service life, ensuring the improvement and sanitary condition of buildings and structures and adjacent areas .
Technical operation reflects a complex of organizational and technical measures.
The set of organizational and technical measures for the supervision and care of fixed assets, periodic carrying out all types of repairs (current, major) according to pre-drawn plans in order to prevent wear and tear, prevent accidents and maintain fixed assets in constant operational readiness is called a system of scheduled preventive repairs of fixed assets .
This system includes:
Monitoring the safety of buildings, structures and equipment;
Technical inspections;
Compliance with operating standards and regulations;
Monitoring the safety of buildings, structures and equipment is carried out by the deputy director for economic or technical affairs, the chief engineer.
Technical inspections. The rules and regulations establish three types of technical inspections:
General inspection (00);
Partial inspection (40);
Extraordinary inspection (EO).
A general inspection is carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn. In the spring, when all parts of the buildings are cleared of snow and become accessible for viewing, all structures are inspected. A general inspection is carried out in the following sequence: adjacent territory, external inputs, external communication networks, foundation and basement walls, external walls (including balconies, loggias, bay windows, architectural details), then conduct a floor-by-floor inspection of the premises. As a result of the spring general inspection, it is determined technical condition buildings in general:
Identify defects and malfunctions related to routine repairs, draw up an inventory of work (or urgently eliminate some defects);
Identify objects that are subject to major repairs in a year, draw up an inventory of work;
Make an inventory of works on landscaping the territory and the devices located on it ( sports grounds, attractions, etc.);
Compile an inventory of work to prepare the building for the heating season.
Based on the work descriptions, an action plan is drawn up and design and estimate documentation is ordered. The plan indicates the list of planned works, the timing of their implementation, the method of implementation and the person responsible for the implementation. The form for filling out the action plan for the operation of the hotel building and equipment is presented in table. 1.7.
Table 1.7
Action plan for the operation of the hotel building and equipment
Autumn inspections of buildings are carried out before the onset of the heating season, before the formation of snow cover, which makes inspection difficult. By this time, routine repairs should be completed to prepare the building for use in winter conditions. The entire range of work to prepare for the autumn-winter season must be completed 15 days before the start of the heating season. Defects that are threatening in nature are eliminated immediately, and those that disrupt the normal operation of buildings and the integrity of structures - within one to five days.
During a partial inspection, the condition of individual elements and parts (foundation, roofing, plumbing) is checked. A partial inspection is carried out in the following cases:
If urgent measures are not taken to eliminate the causes of deformations leading to the destruction of individual structures or failure of the building as a whole;
When operating equipment that must be checked more often than during a general inspection to ensure trouble-free operation.
An extraordinary inspection is carried out urgently no later than one or two days after a natural disaster (heavy rainfall, snowfall, hurricane winds, etc.). Urgent measures are being taken to eliminate the consequences.
Repair. Repairs included in the preventive maintenance system are divided into current and major.
Current repairs consist of systematically and timely work to protect structural elements and parts of buildings, structures and engineering equipment from premature wear through preventive measures to eliminate minor damage and malfunctions.
During routine repairs, the physical state of the structure material does not change, but untimely completion of the work causes additional costs for major repairs and leads to a reduction in the service life of the building. For example, if minor damage to the roof is not repaired in time, this will lead to leakage into the attic floor, dampening of the entire structure with all subsequent changes in its strength and a reduction in service life.
Current repairs are divided into two types:
Unforeseen, identified during the operation of the building and carried out urgently (1 - 5 days);
Planned and preventive, planned in terms of volume and execution time.
In case of unforeseen routine repairs, work is carried out to eliminate minor defects and damage that cannot be foreseen in advance - they arise during operation (for example, broken glass). Unforeseen routine repairs are identified during regular daily inspections of buildings, cleaning of premises by maintenance personnel, and general inspections. The work is carried out by full-time personnel, and in some cases with the involvement of workers of other specialties. All hotels must have a log of defects and malfunctions indicating the responsible persons and the deadlines for completing the work.
Planned preventative maintenance is aimed at eliminating premature wear of structures, parts of the building and equipment and is characterized by a larger volume of work compared to unforeseen maintenance (for example, painting and repairing floors, ceilings, facades). The need for this type of routine repair is determined during various inspections. Such work in short term cannot be performed because the facility is in operation. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare in advance an inventory of work and an estimate, materials and set possible deadlines for repairs, without violating the tourist service regime.
Major repairs are the most important part of the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of fixed assets. A major overhaul is considered to be a repair in which worn-out structures and parts are replaced with stronger and more economical ones that improve the operational capabilities of the objects being repaired.
There are two types of major repairs:
Comprehensive overhaul - a repair that covers the entire building as a whole or its individual sections, including internal water supply, sewerage, heating, and electrical equipment. This is the main type of overhaul, in which worn-out structural elements, finishing, engineering equipment are simultaneously restored and the degree of improvement and comfort is increased. Comprehensive overhauls include:
refurbishment of auxiliary premises into residential premises, including refurbishment attic floors;
arrangement of auxiliary premises;
replacement of worn-out structures (except walls) with new ones made from modern durable materials;
equipping buildings with all types of engineering improvements with connection to existing networks, replacing intra-block and courtyard utility networks;
installation of elevators, garbage chutes, pneumatic waste removal systems, antennas, electronic locks;
restoration of inactive elevators;
improvement of territories (paving, asphalting, landscaping, installation of small forms and utility areas).
The determining factor in the purpose of a comprehensive overhaul is the technical condition of the main walls and foundations. If the physical wear and tear of the walls and foundation is 25 and 35%, respectively, and the building as a whole is 60%, then it is advisable to carry out a comprehensive overhaul. During the period of complex repairs, tourist services are suspended;
Selective overhaul is a repair in which individual structural elements, parts of a building or engineering equipment are repaired (replaced). In this case, it can be stopping (when the functional activity of the building stops) or non-stop.
To carry out major repairs, design estimates and a major repair plan must be developed. During its implementation, quality control of repair and construction work and acceptance control must be carried out. Acceptance of the object is carried out by the acceptance committee, which draws up an acceptance certificate.
Due to the significant volume of rules (Rules for the technical operation of hotels and their equipment. Approved by order of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR No. 420 dated August 4, 1981. They form the basis of GOST R - 50645-94. Tourist and excursion services. Classification of hotels.) a brief analysis of them is offered. , based on the basic provisions for the technical operation of premises, building structures and engineering equipment of hotels, as well as instructions on territory maintenance, safety precautions, labor protection and fire safety when operating hotels. The rules for workers involved in the technical operation, maintenance and repair of hotels consist of five sections.
Section 1 (Basic provisions). The task of technical operation of the hotel stock is to ensure the good condition of structures, parts of buildings and engineering equipment of hotels for their uninterrupted operation within the standard service life, timely implementation of scheduled maintenance, ensuring proper improvement and sanitary condition of the building and the adjacent area. Technical operation of the hotel fund includes maintenance and all types of repairs. Consists of subsections: general instructions, hotel management, procedure for acceptance of hotel facilities (acceptance into operation of newly built hotel buildings, capitally renovated hotels, acceptance of hotel facilities upon change of management, hotel inspection system, repair and improvement), organization of operation of the hotel fund (technical maintenance and routine repairs of hotels, organizing the work of workers for routine repairs, accounting for the implementation of the routine repair plan, planning and organizing major repairs and increasing the level of improvement of hotels).
Section 2 of the Rules is devoted to the operation of building structures and hotel premises. Subsections: foundations and walls basements; walls; facades; balconies, canopies, loggias and bay windows; floors; floors; partitions; roofs; drainage devices; cleaning roofs from snow and removing icing from drainage devices of attic roofs; windows and doors; stairs; ovens; special measures for the technical operation of the building; operation of residential and auxiliary premises of hotels; basements and technical undergrounds.
Section 3 - rules for operating hotel engineering equipment and consists of subsections: central heating; hot water supply; ventilation, air conditioning; water supply and sewerage; internal roof drains; gas supply; waste and dust removal; electrical equipment; elevators and lifts; radio and television; automation equipment, dispatching of engineering equipment, communications and instrumentation; dispatch communications; main ways to save heat and electrical energy; inventory and its contents.
Section 4 - rules for operating the territory adjacent to the hotel and carrying out sanitary and hygienic measures. Consists of subsections: technical maintenance, cleaning, sanitary cleaning, landscaping; sanitary and hygienic requirements for the hotel.
Section 5 - safety rules, labor protection and fire safety when operating hotels. Subsections: occupational safety and health regulations; fire safety rules.
1. Basic provisionsGeneral instructions
Hotel management
Acceptance procedure for hotel facilities
Hotel inspection system
Repair and improvement of the hotel fund
Organization of operation of the hotel fund
2. Operation of building structures and hotel premises
Foundations and walls of basements
Walls
Facades
Floors
Floors
Partitions
Roofs
Windows and doors
Stairs
Furnaces
Special events for the technical operation of the building
Protection wooden structures from destruction by smoke fungi and wood-destroying insects
Eliminating dampness in existing buildings
Elimination of noise in buildings
Preparing hotels for winter
Operation of residential and auxiliary premises of hotels
Residential and utility rooms
Stairwells
Attic spaces
Basements and technical undergrounds
3. Rules for the operation of hotel engineering equipment
Central heating
Hot water supply
Ventilation
Air conditioning
Water supply and sewerage
Internal roof drains
Gas supply
Garbage and dust removal
Electrical equipment
Elevators and lifts
Radio and television
Automation, dispatching and engineering equipment, communications and instrumentation
Dispatch service
Main ways to save thermal and electrical energy
Inventory and its contents
4. Rules for the operation of the territory adjacent to the hotel and the implementation of sanitary and hygienic measures
Maintenance, cleaning, sanitary cleaning, landscaping
Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the hotel
5. Safety, labor protection and fire safety rules for the operation of hotels
Occupational safety and health regulations
Fire safety rules
Appendix 1. Acceptance certificate for hotel facilities upon change of director or chief engineer (engineer) of the hotel (hotel branch)
Appendix 2. Time frames for troubleshooting when performing unscheduled routine repairs of individual parts of hotel buildings and their equipment
Appendix 3. Ventilation and air conditioning systems in hotel rooms
Appendix 4. Lowest illumination of hotel premises
Appendix 5. Permissible sound and sound pressure levels and amendments to them
Appendix 6. Recommendations for sealing window sashes in hotel buildings
Appendix 7. Improving operational sustainability and data on water flow control in hotel water supply systems
Appendix 8. Operating modes of air-thermal curtains and air heating in hotels
Appendix 9. Recommendations for organizing a rating system for recording the condition of hotel equipment and structures
Appendix 10. Recommendations for decorative landscaping of hotels
Appendix 11. Forms of logs and checklist for recording safety instructions
Appendix 12. List of professions of hotel workers associated with the performance of high-risk work, subject to annual training and testing of safety knowledge at enterprises (organizations) of the housing and communal services system of the RSFSR
Appendix 13. Individual evacuation plan
Appendix 14. Standards for primary fire extinguishing agents
Appendix 15. Requirements for the maintenance of fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting automatic systems
Appendix 16. Depreciation rates for fixed assets of the national economy of the USSR
Appendix 17. Standard average service life of public buildings, their structural finishing elements and engineering equipment