Why are there special requirements for the size of the steps, prescribed in specialized documents? Because they largely decide how convenient it will be to use the ladder structure. If we are talking about fire escapes, then in this case it is the parameters of these elements that determine how quickly a person can leave a burning building.
There are at least two types of steps: straight and running. They can be made of wood, concrete or metal, but the requirements for their parameters will not change.
Even if you are going to build a structure for your own private house, you need to calculate the optimal size of the stairs, which will determine the convenience and safety of a person when climbing. And if you need to put a staircase in a public building, then here you must be guided by the requirements of GOST.
To what parameters is a certain standard prescribed in an official document? This is the width and height of the steps, as well as the angle of the stairs. It is these dimensions that should be taken into account when constructing the structure.
Requirements for SNiP and GOST
To navigate the rules for determining the optimal parameters, it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the stairs. This structural element consists of a riser, otherwise, its vertical plane, and a tread - a horizontal plane. The elements are combined into rows, called marches, and in the standard staircase construction they are based on stringers supported by bowstrings. The lower and upper lifting elements are called frieze.
The convenience and safety of walking are associated with such a concept as the size of a human step, equal to 60 - 64 cm. Often, to calculate the size of a step, they use a special formula discovered by Blondel.
2x + y = 60, where x is the distance in centimeters between two adjacent steps, and y is the distance between the edge of one and the other element.To calculate a safe design, the formula x + y \u003d 45 is often used.
To calculate the parameters of a comfortable staircase, the formula x-y = 12 is derived.
In other words, the convenience formula is expressed as the difference between the size of the riser and the horizontal plane of 12 cm. The safety formula, on the contrary, is the sum of the width and height dimensions, which is 45 cm.
But in order not to make unnecessary calculations, it is enough to look into the regulatory documents and simply strictly follow the parameters specified in them.
- If there are more than two floors inside the building, one span must be made. Moreover, the width of the span should be in the range of 80 - 120 cm;
- The march includes from three to 18 lifting elements. For public buildings the number of steps is reduced to 16;
- Ideally, if the number of elements is odd, which allows you to start and complete the lifting process with the same foot;
- The angle of inclination of the stairs when lifting must be more than 6 degrees, but less than 45;
- The height of the steps of the stairs is an important parameter. The norms and rules specified in the documents allow this size to vary within 15 - 20 cm. Within the march, a difference between the height of the lifting elements of 0.5 cm is allowed;
- The width of the element must be at least 25 cm. If the stairs are arranged in basements or attics, then the rules and regulations allow this size to be reduced by 5 cm;
- The maximum protrusion of the lifting element is 3 cm;
- Based on their requirements of SNiP, the construction site must be in strict accordance with the width of the step. The distance from it to the door should be about a meter;
- Enclosing structures should have a height of 90 cm. The distance between the balusters should be 10 - 15 cm;
- When designing or selecting handrails and railings, you need to calculate the load with a margin. Regulatory documents indicate that the railing must withstand a weight of 100 kg or more. This allows an adult to fully lean on the building envelope;
- There should be a distance of 200 cm between the steps and the ceiling plane. The minimum is 195 cm for a flight of stairs.
The angle of inclination of the stairs and the parameters of the lifting elements are often related.
So, if the angle is from 5 to 20 degrees, the height of the step should be 13 cm in size, and the width should be 37 cm. This angle of inclination is typical for street structures.
Public stairs often have an angle of 20 to 30 degrees.In this case, the width of the step approaches the value of 29 cm, and the height - to 17 cm. An angle of 30 - 45 degrees is typical for residential buildings. It is in this case that the dimensions of the steps are quite convenient for frequent lifting: the width is 23 cm, and the height is 20 cm.
However, the ease of use of the stairs also depends on the height of the floors of the building. It has been experimentally proven that at a height of 3.3 meters with a number of steps of 20 pieces, the height of the riser should be 16.5 cm. At a floor height of three meters - 15 cm, at 2.7 - 13.5, at 1.4 - 12 cm. The height of the riser increases inversely with the number of steps. That is, if the riser at a floor height of 2.7 m is 16.8 cm, then the staircase should have 16 steps. If you increase their number by at least one step, then the height of the riser should already be 15.8 cm. The most convenient and safe staircase is a design with a step width of 30 cm and a height of 15 cm.
When it comes to winder steps, here the size requirements are slightly different. It is worth starting with the fact that the design of the winder stage itself differs from the main stage and is a trapezoid element, inner side which is smaller than the outer one. At the winder step, the minimum width of the tread along the line of travel should be 25.4 cm. On the narrow side, it should be 10 - 5.2 cm, and the distance of the line of travel from the edge of the stairs should be 30.5 cm.
GOST for the size of steps of evacuation stairs
Particular attention should be paid to the standards of stair elements of evacuation stairs, which are required by regulatory documents.
For special structures, the width of the tread should be 25 cm, but not less with a march width of 90 cm. Enclosing structures, according to the rules, should be more than 120 cm.
The rules and regulations of fire escapes with marches provide for a width and height of steps of 20 cm if the angle of inclination is 45 degrees. With a larger slope, the height of the riser can be 30 cm.
The vertical design also has standard sizes steps, although appearance very different from typical stairs.
The width of the structure in the presence of marches should be 80 cm. If there are no marches, then vertical design the width must be 60 cm. The distance between the steps, otherwise, the handrails - a maximum of 35 cm. The distance of the lower frieze element from the ground must be at least 25 cm.
Dimensions of stairs in a private house
If you are going to make and mount stairs for your house yourself, you can, of course, bypass the GOST and SNiP standards, but it is in your interest to stick to average indicators that have long justified themselves in practice.
First you need to determine the number of steps that will be in your design. The optimal step height of the stairs is 20 cm. To find out how many steps your home installation should have, you need to calculate the height of the stairs and divide by 20 cm.
The width of the tread should be comfortable for lifting, so its optimal size will be 25 - 30 cm.For example, if the height of the stairs is three meters, then the number of steps will be 15.
The surfaces of lifting elements are usually not subject to stringent requirements. However, if we are not talking about stairs fire safety, the surface is not allowed to be smooth. Therefore, for the device of platforms and steps, a corrugated, stamped or with steel strips surface is used.
In your own home, to ensure safety, you can lay a carpet on the stairs.
It is not difficult to calculate the optimal parameters of the steps, but in order to do it correctly, you first need to calculate the dimensions of the entire structure. When calculating the device, attention should be paid to ergonomic features, in particular, the step size, leg size and weight of the person.
The convenience of the stairs largely depends on the correct calculation of the steps.
All of us, climbing the stairs every day, do not hesitate to put our feet at the right height, and if any of the steps is a little higher or, conversely, lower, we will certainly get a couple of abrasions and bruises. Why, in most cases, climbing stairs is convenient? The point is that there are optimal dimensions stairs, time-tested.
For example, there are .
Also, it should not be less than 12, but not more than 20 cm. Of course, there is nowhere higher, but how to decide what step height will be optimal for climbing the structure? It depends on the .
Main parameters of stairs
Marching stairs
To provide comfortable conditions for lifting, it is necessary to install steps 30 cm deep and 15 cm high. These calculations were made based on middle length human step.
The optimal dimensions of the steps of the mid-flight stairs. In private houses, these parameters can be reduced, for example, instead of 30, make 20-25, but in this case it is better to make steps without a riser.
The absence of a riser does not affect the usability of the stairs. Spiral stairs
A spiral staircase significantly saves space in the room. Its steps are different in appearance and shape from conventional mid-flight stairs, which makes descending them less convenient. In order for the foot to stand steadily on the tread, spiral staircase should be done without risers. As for the width of the structure itself, 200 cm will be enough.
True, there are much wider structures, but in private houses they are installed extremely rarely. Calculation of optimal sizes
The height of the riser affects the convenience of the entire staircase structure and each step individually. Its optimal height in a residential building should not be less than 14 cm, but should not exceed 17 cm. These dimensions depend on the height of the room itself and are directly dependent on the size of a person's step.
Low steps with a deep tread are sometimes installed on stairs leading to the porch. Finding out the width of the step of the stairs is quite easy if you remember the simplest knowledge of mathematics. To do this, you need to take the value of the depth of the tread and the height of the riser of your future staircase and substitute it into the formula for calculating:
Where a is the depth of the tread, and b is the height of the riser. If necessary, the data can be corrected and the ideal size determined.
Alternative Method for Calculating Step Sizing
Calculating the number of steps is the easiest. For this, the height of the room is taken (i.e., the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second) and. Divide the height of the room by the height of the riser and get the number of steps. Ideally, the number of steps should be odd, since it is more convenient to start the climb and finish with one foot.
Advice!
If the number does not turn out to be odd, then you should think about making the upper or lower frieze step a little lower or a little higher than all the others.
Using this table, you can determine the size and number of steps. The ratio of the height of the riser to the depth of the tread affects the comfort and safety of the entire staircase. Any ladder must not only be suitable in size, but also comply with safety rules. Here again, you need to know the depth of the tread and the height of the riser. If you add these measurements, you should get about 46 cm.
To understand how comfortable your staircase design is, you need to refer to the comfort formula: a-b \u003d 12 cm.
Where "a" is the depth of the tread and "b" is the height of the riser. If, when calculating according to this formula, a value of 12 cm comes out, then your staircase will be comfortable and convenient.
Advice!
There are special programs that will help you calculate the required dimensions for designing a structure. However, some of them are very easy to use.
Free service for calculating the size of steps and other elements of stairs
March width
This parameter is set by the current rules and regulations. AT small houses the design can have a width of 70-80 cm, not counting the railings and fences. This width will be enough for an adult to calmly, without clinging to corners, go up and down the stairs. Two people are unlikely to be able to miss each other in such an area. Standard Width should vary between 90 cm and 100 cm. For greater security, you will need a railing, but this will take up some more room space (about 30-40 cm), so this must be taken into account when planning the width of the march.
Climbing such a narrow staircase can be a real challenge, especially for a person suffering from claustrophobia. Step depth
Tread depth is an important factor in moving comfortably from floor to floor, so you need to think carefully about this point and determine the optimal tread depth. According to GOST, it can vary in the range from 23 cm to 30 cm, but you can deviate from the norm and add a couple of centimeters. The main thing is not to forget about the comfort formula. If the step depth is increased to 35-40 centimeters, then, firstly, the design will look bulky and will not fit into every interior, and, secondly, the riser height in this case should also be changed.
Of course, you can completely abandon the installation of the riser, leave only the tread. This is permissible only in the case of curved stairs or if you are aiming to lighten the structure itself.
In curved stairs, the size of the winders will depend on other factors. They are used instead of turntables to arrange a smooth transition to the second floor and save space in the house.
It is the uneven depth of the winder steps that makes them uncomfortable. winder steps
Winder steps are used in curvilinear and rotary structures. They differ in appearance from the usual steps in a direct march. They resemble a truncated triangle or trapezium. they will be standard. However, the depth of the step is different. So, the depth of the tread in its narrowest part (at the central support) should not be less than 10 cm. Whereas its depth outside should not exceed 40 cm. This will be the most optimal size for winders, so that the stairs are as convenient and comfortable as possible.
Advice!
Check all the data several times with the help of tools and on the calculator. It often happens that because of one annoying mistake, everything has to be redone.
In order to make a drawing of a future structure, you need to find out its dimensions, the most important of them are described in this article. In the process of creating a ladder structure, you need to remember one simple rule: "Measure seven times and cut once." There is no need to hurry anywhere, it is better to act with feeling, with sense, with arrangement.
Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkiv State Academy Cultures, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.
In the old classic English-language detective stories, the plot very often revolves around falling down the stairs. A similar cause of accidents is common today. Since the second level is becoming commonplace not only for country house, but also for urban housing, the issue of competent design of stairs - reliable and safe - is becoming more and more relevant. An important stage in the design of stairs is the competent calculation of its main parameters.
At the design stage of the house
The higher the quality design work, the fewer problems will arise during the execution of the work, the easier it is to calculate the estimated costs and the better the end result. This is considered an axiom, but for some reason in construction practice it happens differently. For the device of convenient and safe communication between different residential levels, this is especially true.
Thoroughly work out the future staircase better in the early stages of design. Squeezing the necessary ladder structure into an already existing, but very narrow opening in the ceiling is a very problematic matter. Therefore, it is better to determine in advance on the floor plan the optimal place for the opening, calculate it required size. Moreover, for such important element buildings must provide sufficient lighting (preferably natural) and the possibility of reliable fixation load-bearing elements stairs to building structures. All this is best done at the stage of developing the internal layout and choosing the technology for building future housing.
Initial data
In order to choose the optimal dimensions of the stairs to the second floor, it is necessary determine the initial data:
Other data will be needed for a detailed study. In particular, the material of the walls and ceilings influences the choice of the staircase structure, not to mention the consideration of the general concept of the design of the room. But first, you should calculate the line of travel, the height of the step and the length of the tread.
The main thing is safety
The popularity of the plot move among Agatha Christie and her followers in the form of characters falling down the stairs is largely due to the tradition of use in England and America (and also in Japan) 45 degree stairs, i.e. the length of the tread is equal to the height of the step. This achieves the greatest savings in the area occupied by the stairs in the plan. Domestic recommendations of experts urge to consider this case as the last possible one, because the ascent, and especially the descent from floor to floor along such a march, is safe only for a person in good physical shape and in comfortable shoes.
A lower step and a tread longer than 250 mm is not only safer, but also more comfortable. It has been proven that less effort is spent when climbing to the second floor, and this is especially important for an elderly person.
Basics of the theory
Experience and science have developed some optimal parameters for tread and riser (in mm): 150x300 and 170x290. The first is recommended for outdoor (landscape) stairs, the second - for indoor. The optimal slope of the stairs - 30 to 40 degrees.
If the calculation of the stairs is done for existing building, special formulas should be used, where the following data are used:
The calculation of the parameters of the steps is done using 3 basic proportions:
The third equation is considered the most universal, i.e. suitable for most cases.
François Blondel proportion
French architect and engineer of the 17th century Francois Blondel (1618–1686) was one of the first to look for a mathematical relationship between the parameters of the human body and the architectural elements of a building. His research is at the heart of many modern ergonomic theories of architecture and design.
It is more convenient to start the calculation of steps according to Blondel by calculating the height of the step. The height of the interfloor rise is divided by the estimated number of steps, the result is sought that is closest to the optimal value - 170 mm for internal and 150 mm - for external stairs. Then, according to the formula, the length of the tread is found and the total length of the staircase is calculated. If the restrictions have the overall dimensions of the place under the stairs, the maximum length of the tread should be derived from this indicator, since this is the main indicator of convenience and safety.
Constructions with winder steps (these are those with one edge located at a smaller turning radius of the stairs narrower than the other), and even more so spiral staircases, entirely consisting of such steps, are one of the most interesting and spectacular in design and constructive solution. But rectilinear marches with platforms for a turn are much more comfortable and safer, and steps that are rectilinear in shape are also much cheaper than curvilinear ones.
But if the size of the opening and the space under the stairs allows you to build only a rotary structure, the winder steps are calculated along the central line of the march, laying off the calculated tread length along it, and the middle line cannot have radius of curvature greater than 30 degrees. The norms provide for a minimum width of tread along the middle line - 260 mm, and the width of the narrowest part of the step cannot be less than 100 mm.
It should be remembered about one more feature of the human body, which should include a competent calculation of the stairs. The length of the step taken by the right foot is, on average, 2 cm longer than that made by the left, and the safety of the stairs should be assessed by the descent - in this case, the area under the support of the foot is less by the overhang (“nose”). Conclusion - the left approach to the turning section of the stairs is more convenient.
In one march, you should not do more than 10 ascents, then you should place a platform with a width not less than 1000 mm. It is irrational to make the width of the passage less than 1000 mm, and the clear height of the passage (to the beams and the top of the openings) less than 2200 mm. The size of the march should be calculated taking into account the fact that bulky loads will also have to be lifted up the stairs.
It is customary to make the number of lifts no more than 18 and odd: a person starts the lift and enters the floor with the same foot.
Differences in the height of the steps of more than 5 mm during one march are strictly not allowed. Together with the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which is fighting to reduce the number of accidents, doctors are in favor of this strict requirement: such uneven movement leads to sharp point loads on internal organs, in particular, on the kidneys.
The height of the handrails is about 900 mm, if the width of the passage allows, for a march located against the wall, a handrail should be made on both sides to increase safety when descending.
There is a special attitude towards children: a gate is provided to prevent very small children from entering the stairs, and the distance between the railings of the fence is no more than 100 mm. Sometimes provide children's handrail at a height of 450 mm.
If, according to the calculation, the flight of stairs is located near the window opening, it is unacceptable to leave it without a reliable fence.
When choosing a design solution for a ladder, you should calculate the maximum load that it can withstand.
The construction of any residential or public space always begins with a detailed consideration of each structure that will be included in the project. One of these structures is a staircase. It can be indoor, outdoor, attic, basement, etc. But its detailed component always remains unchanged, on the basis of which there are parameters according to GOST and SNiP, which any erected staircase must comply with. In a detailed analysis of the staircase structure, special attention should be paid to the march, which is a continuous series of steps consisting of a tread (horizontal part) and a riser (vertical part).
Please note: presented in one of our previous articles.
What do GOST and SNiP prescribe to us?
The construction of such facilities has certain standards that should be relied upon when erecting stairs:
- One flight of stairs should consist of 3-18 steps;
- In public and residential areas, the riser corresponds to a height of 14.8 cm, and the tread to a width of 30 cm;
- In the attic and basement, 17.1 cm and 26 cm, respectively.
But practical experience shows that slightly different sizes can provide safety and convenience.
It is better to make the number of steps in the march odd, so that the movement of a person on the stairs begins and ends with one foot. In addition, climbing 18 steps is a very energy-intensive exercise, and 11 or 15 is the best option, after which a person will not suffer from shortness of breath. With regards to the height of the step, its value ranges from 15 to 18 cm, and the double value of the height combined with the width of the step results in an approximate value of the length of a human step - 6064 cm.
Dimensions of the width of the flight of stairs
The width of the steps also has certain building standard standards (GOST), which requires mandatory compliance with the maximum and minimum values:
- For street, apartment straight lines, basement and fire escapes, the width is 80 cm;
- For stairs leading to the attic 60 cm;
- Spiral staircase in the apartment from 80 cm to 1m.
Minimum and maximum step sizes
Referring to SNiP, you can see:
- The tread corresponds to a width of 25 cm, if the staircase is attic or basement, then from 20 cm;
- The riser corresponds to a height of 15 - 20 cm, however, errors of no more than 5 mm are allowed.
As mentioned above, the convenient step sizes are those that are in relation to the average human step. Therefore, it is advisable to present such calculations in the form of the Blondel formula:
2h + b = S (60-66 cm)
Optimal slope
Providing for the angle of inclination during the construction of the stairs, it is worth noting that the recommendations of the norms of building standards in this matter have not been established. However, the slope of the stairs is determined by the ratio of the tread and the riser, and focusing on the maximum and minimum of the height and depth of the step, the angle of inclination ranges from 33 to 45 degrees. For flat (internal) stairs, the optimal value is up to 38 degrees, and for steep stairs (auxiliary, attic) - up to 45 degrees.
What is the essence of the accuracy of building a structure?
The parameters of each step used in the construction of the stairs must be extremely accurate and the same. This allows a person to use it while walking without much care, both day and night, relying on the muscle memory of the legs. And in case of non-compliance with this rule, a person experiences inconvenience when using the stairs, trying to feel each step with his foot. And the descent on such a ladder is quite traumatic.
There are special norms and standards that regulate the optimal size of steps to the second floor. If you meet the required standards, then the ladder will last for many years, while not exposing its owners to unnecessary risk.
Among other things, stairs must take into account the requirements of the owners.
Namely:
- Suitable design;
- Aesthetic appearance;
- Comfort;
- Safety.
And plus to this - compliance with GOST and SNiP, so that the ladder can not only please the eye, but also serve for many years. It is these standards, as well as some other equally important parameters that ensure safe movement on the stairs. This is especially true for families with children or the elderly. The staircase itself can be any in design and appearance - it depends solely on personal preferences.
But the choice of buyers most often stops at wooden structures: the most durable, stable and beautiful.
Standard steps are rightfully considered the most convenient and safe. Their parameters are also regulated: the height is 15-19 cm, and the width is 30. In an ordinary wooden staircase, the width is 27 cm, however, at turns or on the march, the so-called overhang (or spout) creeps onto the step. Its width is just equal to the missing three centimeters.
Stair rungs size: GOST
In order not to have to puzzle over what the steps should be, and a convenient descent or ascent did not bring problems, special standards were created: they take into account all the necessary standards and describe in detail the entire procedure for work. The most important part of the stairs are, of course, the steps.
For example, when a drawing of a future staircase is drawn up, it is necessary to calculate the following parameters:
- The angle of the steps;
- Their own width;
- height;
- The width of the march itself;
- Tread depth;
- Step width.
For a standard private house, the minimum width should be 70 cm, excluding railings and handrails - their width is considered separately. GOST does not recommend narrowing the stairs, but allows for such a design - for or attic.
The optimal size of stairs in the house
When calculating the size of the steps to the second floor, you need to know some of the nuances.
- Riser size 15-18 cm;
- Tread - 30 cm;
- Comfortable step length from a meter, preferably 120 cm.
The number of steps themselves is not too difficult to calculate. To do this, you need to know such a parameter as the height of the floor. The accuracy must be absolute, otherwise the steps will differ in size. Standards recommend setting the height of the steps at 15 cm, but this may vary slightly.
And it is necessary to take into account the clearance, that is, the height from the step to the upper barrier. This is at least two meters - otherwise you will have to constantly put bandages on your head: there will be bruises. Drawings and calculations are recommended to be entrusted to specialists - without the necessary skills, there is a possibility of fatal errors. It is very important to make a long and complete preparation in order to avoid various difficulties.
Thanks to the illumination of the steps, the aesthetic qualities of the stairs can be significantly improved. Let's talk about the options for highlighting the steps in the material:.
What is the standard size of stairs
The standard dimensions of the steps are indicated in GOST and SNiP - according to these standards, almost ideal designs are obtained.
Key standards to consider:
- Steps should not differ in size, maximum - 5 mm;
- The step height should not be less than 15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm;
- From the door to the stairs - not less than a meter, but the distance must exceed the width of the door itself;
- Overhang dimensions - maximum 3 cm;
- Tread depth from 23 to 35 cm;
- The narrowest part of the winder steps is 10 cm, the widest part is 40 cm, and the running strip is 25 cm.
For folding ladders, parameters of at least 600x1000x1200 are recommended so that it remains safe. If the configuration and the availability of free space allow, then the steps can be made much wider. This is useful so that furniture or other dimensional items can be conveniently brought to the second floor. There is one more plus - a staircase with wide steps looks impressive, presentable and expensive.
For a spiral staircase, the parameters are not too different. The width of the steps is not lower than the limit of 20 cm. Near the central beam - from 10 cm, and in the widest part - 40.
It should be borne in mind that all steps must be mounted at an angle of 1 degree, which will help to avoid the accumulation of water, dirt and dust on the stairs.
Stair step
This parameter is almost the most important. Other calculations are carried out from it, and the comfort and safety of movement along the future staircase depends on it. An incorrectly calculated step can even lead to a deterioration in well-being - legs often hurt from excessive tension to maintain stability, especially in older people.
The calculation is made according to certain requirements, which in the end may differ from SNiP. This is not scary, because building codes only summarize information.
So:
- The sum of the width of the tread and the height of the riser should be about 440 mm, taking into account the angle of the slope of the stairs itself. After all, the larger it is, the higher the height of the riser.
- When adding the double size of the riser and the width of the tread, it must necessarily come out from 600 to 650 mm.
- Stairs are absolutely safe if the difference between the dimensions of the riser and the tread is about 46 mm.
- The height and width of the steps must differ by a maximum of 5 mm.
- The length of the beams for the stairs affects the steepness (it will be almost vertical), which in turn can affect the height of the steps.
- The height will affect the quantity as well as the width.
If something doesn’t converge, doesn’t work out, or it doesn’t work out, but far from the way it was planned, then there is no need to despair. Perhaps this is not a matter of errors - this can be solved by changing the configuration and type of stairs.
Stair step width: normal
So what are the acceptable width standards? Everyone is very dependent on each other. The width directly depends on the resulting height calculations.
In this case, you need to rely on some rules:
- The ideal span for a private house is 120 cm;
- The width of the step is from 25 cm;
- In the presence of railings - 80 cm;
- In the absence of railings - 60 cm;
- For marchers - at least 60 cm, excluding goose step structures.
Of course, when determining the width, you should also rely on your foot - it should fit comfortably on the step. Also, folding stairs will be an exception to the rule - their width may be less, but not lower than the threshold of 20 cm.
The angle, that is, the slope of the stairs, will also depend on the width. For example: with a width of 20 cm, the optimal height will be the same, and the angle of inclination will be exactly 45 degrees. But if the width is 40 cm, the height will be 10 cm, and the angle will be 14 degrees and 10 minutes.
Due to the development of technology and the emergence of many other materials from which ladders are made, there are much more various norms and requirements. It is rare for anyone to fully comply with them - which is why it is recommended to contact specialists or purchase a finished structure, and not try to erect it with your own hands - here a skill is needed.
There are a few more details to be aware of:
- If the ladder will be operated constantly, then it must be stationary.
- Landings should be equal to the width of the steps.
- It is necessary to pay attention to the SNiP regulating the height of the railing - from the ceiling to the handrail should be at least 190 cm, and preferably 200.
The optimal dimensions of the stairs (video)
A staircase in a house or apartment is a necessary and useful thing. Installing an elevator is at least expensive, and pointless, for the sake of two floors. Proper selection and the correct scheme of the drawing ensure that the staircase will last a long time, and will also become a decoration of the house.