Most of the cities of Russia are not very pleasing to the eyes of their inhabitants due to the virtual absence of full-fledged landscaping on their streets. But quite recently, pyramidal poplar was widely used for these purposes. Due to the unpretentiousness and instantaneous growth of poplars, you can create a whole alley without spending a lot of time on it.
Unfortunately, poplars have been in disgrace lately. Doctors took up arms against them, because during the flowering of these trees, the latter produce a huge amount of fluff, which not only contributes to allergies, but is also potentially dangerous in terms of possible occurrence fires. However, specialists in landscaping settlements unanimously argue that the most suitable tree for creating a favorable environment for life in our megacities is poplar.
And this fact was known even to the ancient Greeks, who planted poplars in their policies, creating picturesque alleys, in the shade of which the ancient sages made more than one of their brilliant discoveries. But the fact is that even then it was known that only male specimens of plants should be used in landscaping, since they do not give fluff, known for its bothersomeness. In general, poplar is a multifaceted tree, and botanists still do not stop researching all its properties.
However, in Soviet time When the plan for the mass planting of trees in the city was adopted, due to an oversight, it was female specimens that were used (for the most part), which led to the well-known negative consequences. The only exceptions are some southern cities, where the pyramidal poplar is represented by individuals of both sexes.
What are the benefits of this culture? First of all, these trees are valuable due to their phenomenal resistance to gas and dust in the air, which is found everywhere in our cities. In addition, they can be successfully cultivated on almost any soil, where they grow with such amazing speed, which is not seen in other trees of our latitudes. The growth rate of poplar is such that in just a few months you can create a full-fledged protective plantation.
Among other things, the pyramidal poplar is distinguished by the fact that it releases phytoncides into the air, which not only destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but also improve air quality in general, which is very important for cities. A feature of poplars is also their biological diversity: today more than 100 species are known, but according to reason for the easy interspecific hybridization, many scientists suggest that there are already many more of them. Such hybrids grow even faster than their parent species (heterosis effect). In addition, they tolerate pruning even better and restore their crown shape extremely quickly.
Thus, the pyramidal poplar is a tree that is ideal for landscaping. If we take into account its dioeciousness and select plants taking into account this circumstance, then it will not be difficult to get rid of poplar fluff on the streets.
Family: willow (Salicaceae).
motherland
Poplar is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere.
The form: wood.
Description
Poplar is a large-sized tree, its height reaches 40-45, and sometimes 60 meters. All types of poplars are deciduous. The shape of the crown, depending on the species, can be tent-shaped, ovoid, pyramidal. Poplar bark on the trunk is gray or brown-gray, on the branches it is olive-gray. The root system is powerful, superficial, occupies a large area. The leaves are glossy, dark green above and white or greenish-white below, on pubescent petioles, lanceolate, oval or other shape.
As a rule, poplar is a dioecious plant, monoecious species are rare. The flowering of poplar begins in the spring, even before the appearance of foliage. Male and female specimens form spike-shaped inflorescences that differ in appearance, which, as they ripen, turn from erect to drooping (the so-called "earrings"). Poplar fruits are capsules that ripen in early summer. Very small poplar seeds are equipped with numerous finest villi - "poplar fluff".
The genus includes about 90 poplar species. They are divided into 6 sections.
Mexican poplars (Abaso):
Mexican poplar (P. mexicana) - smaller than typical representatives of the genus, plant form. Distributed in northern Mexico and adjacent areas of the United States. It is a cross between poplar and aspen.
Deltoid poplars (Aigeiros):
or Osokor (P. nígra) is widely distributed in Europe and Siberia. A large tree with a wide spreading crown and a powerful trunk, reaching 30 meters in height. Relatively undemanding to soils, quickly gaining green mass, well formed. Traditionally used in urban and park landscapes.
Alamo (P. deltoides). The distribution area is the east and central part of North America. Grows up to 30 meters in height. The bark on the trunk is covered with deep cracks. The large, serrated leaves are bright green in color. The view is quite unpretentious, but short-lived. The wood of the deltoid poplar is fragile. Rarely used for landscaping.
or Italian poplar
(R. pyramidalis) - a tall tree with a columnar crown. Morphologically similar to black poplar, but has a longer growing season. Does not differ in high frost resistance. Decorative, quite often used in urban gardening.
Poplar Bolle (R. bolleana) in wild nature found in Central Asia. It has a columnar crown. Prefers fertile, well-moistened soils, heat-loving, drought-resistant. Not fragile - able to withstand under strong wind. Cleans the air well. Decorative, recommended for landscaping areas in the southern regions.
Leucoid poplars (Leucoides):
poplar (P. heterophýlla) is native to the Himalayas and southern China. It differs from other species in very thick shoots, as well as large buds, leaves and "earrings".
or Silver poplar (P. álba) distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe. In height reaches 30 meters. It has a dense spreading crown. Dark green leaves of the tree in autumn lemon yellow color. The bottom of the leaves and shoots are felt-white. Very decorative, winter-hardy. AT landscape design used to create large park compositions and in single plantings.
Poplar trembling or(P. trémula) is widely distributed on the Eurasian continent. Prefers fertile, well-moistened soils, is a forest-forming species. Large size, reaching 35 meters in height. Instances of this species take root well, grow quickly, but have low resistance to diseases. Decorative, often used in landscaping areas.
Balsamic poplars (Tacamahaca):
Balsam poplar (P. balsamifera) sh - quite high, up to 25 meters, a tree with a wide-ovoid crown. Decorative, grows quickly and forms a green mass. Easily rooted. Not resistant to diseases and pests. It tolerates partial shade well, frost-resistant. Popular in culture - suitable for planting in forest parks, along the banks.
Poplar laurel (R. laurifolia) grows in Siberia along the banks of rivers on wet gravel and pebble soils. In height reaches 20 meters. The slightly branched crown has a tent-like shape. The leaves of this species of poplar are shaped and appearance reminiscent of laurel leaves. It grows more slowly than other members of the genus. Undemanding to the soil, winter-hardy.
Topol Maksimovich
(R. maximowiczii) is found in the wild in northern China and Japan. Krupnomer, growing in height up to 30 meters, with a trunk diameter reaching 1 meter. It tolerates transplant well. Winter-hardy and photophilous, but does not tolerate drought. It is affected by diseases and pests. Suitable for landscaping parks and city streets.
Poplar Simona or Chinese poplar (R. simonii) comes from East Asia. Relatively low - grows up to 20 meters. It has a decorative oval crown, there is also a weeping (drooping) and pyramidal form of this species. In culture, only male specimens are found. Propagated vegetatively, the rooting of cuttings without processing is extremely high. When landscaping, it is rarely used, because it has fragile wood.
Fragrant poplar (R. suaveolens) - relatively low, up to 20 meters, a tree with a dense ovoid crown. The name of the species was due to the fragrant resinous buds. There is a pyramidal form of this species, its crown is narrowly ovoid. Photophilous, well tolerates excessive moisture. Very winter hardy. In urban conditions, it is short-lived, but gives abundant shoots. Used in group and single plantings.
Turangi (Turanga):
Turanga Euphrates or Euphrates poplar (P. euphrática) lives in Asia and Africa. The shape of the leaves is ovate or elliptical with small teeth. The species is drought tolerant.
Currently, many poplar hybrids have been bred. Among the most popular poplar hybrids in Russia are:
Moscow poplar - P. suaveolens x P. laurifolia
Berlin poplar - P. laurifolia x P. pyramidalis
Canadian poplar - R. deltoides x R. nigra
Silvery pyramidal poplar or Poplar Soviet pyramidal - P. alba x P. bolleana.
Growing conditions
Poplar is quite unpretentious, but prefers fertile, mineral-rich, well-aerated soils. Many types of poplar do not tolerate waterlogged soils, however, among hybrid varieties you can find those who are not afraid of waterlogging.
Application
As a fast growing tree with a decorative crown and foliage, poplar is widely used in landscape design. All its types are excellent for both single and group plantings, and poplar alleys are classic park landscapes. Poplars are decorative not only due to the shape of the crowns - they have beautiful foliage, which in some species turns yellow or golden in autumn.
For landscaping, it is recommended to use male specimens of the plant - they do not form poplar fluff. When choosing a place for planting, it should be borne in mind that a powerful poplar root system can eventually crack the cover of a path or site and even the foundation of a building, so it is better to plant poplar at a distance of 30-60 meters from buildings and not too close to the paths.
Poplar is an effective air filter, it is successfully used for urban landscaping, as well as a forest-forming species. The use of poplar in various industries national economy is very diverse. So, its wood is used in construction, furniture and paper industries, hybrids and genetically modified plant varieties with desired wood properties are being developed for industrial use. Natural dyes are made from poplar inflorescences and leaves. Black poplar buds are used in folk medicine, as well as in the manufacture of the famous Riga Balsam.
Care
The soil around the poplar should be well aerated, so it should be periodically loosened and weeds removed. The turfing of the soil surface can be disastrous for the plant; in order to minimize it, shrubs can be planted near poplars.
Doesn't need a haircut. To maintain decorativeness, it is recommended to remove dry branches and lower branches. Most types of poplar are frost-resistant, winter care they don't need to. For cultivation in culture, it is better to purchase cuttings of hybrid poplar varieties resistant to diseases and pests.
reproduction
In nature, poplar breeds seed way. This technology can also be applied in culture. The difficulty lies in the fact that seeds for propagation must be sown immediately after harvest, and they must be harvested when they are ripe. Therefore, it would be optimal to create conditions close to natural for sowing poplar - in the season when poplar fluff scatters, in a suitable place, fence off the area where it will accumulate and spray it with water. The method is not popular because of its complexity.
In practice, a much simpler method of poplar propagation is used - cuttings. Do it in early spring before bud break. Use cuttings only male specimens of poplar. For rooting, take last year's shoots up to 12 cm long, they must have at least two buds. Cuttings are planted at a distance of at least 10 cm from each other, deepening them so that the buds remain above the soil surface. Water them immediately after planting. Watering will be a daily procedure for cuttings until they reach 15 cm in height, then the soil can be moistened as needed. In a year, young plants will be ready for planting in permanent places. Best time for planting poplar - early spring, specimens planted at other times take root much worse.
Some species of poplar are propagated by root offspring. However, this method of growing poplar is little practiced - plant specimens obtained in this way have a weak root system are more susceptible to diseases and pests.
Diseases and pests
The most common poplar diseases are some types of tree cancer and necrosis. Sick trees must be eliminated, and stumps treated with creosol with fuel oil.
Young poplar seedlings can be exposed to fungal diseases, against which agrotechnical and forestry measures should be applied, and waterlogging of the soil should be avoided.
In the list of poplar pests - enough a large number of species of insects that lay their larvae on its leaves. To combat them, insecticides must be used. Before choosing a drug, you need to decide what kind of pest you are dealing with.
Description of the pyramidal poplar and the order of its planting
Pyramidal poplar is suitable for landscaping city streets, squares and parks. The tree propagates by seeds and cuttings. With its help create group and single landscape compositions.
Botanical description
AT natural conditions poplar prefers river banks or other areas with high humidity. The tree develops rapidly and grows green mass.
Source: Depositphotos
Pyramidal poplar planted throughout the Northern Hemisphere
The life cycle of a plant is 80 years. By the age of 50, its growth slows down. Wood is prone to fungal diseases, and branches break easily.
The height of poplars reaches 40 m. The trunk is straight, the crown is pyramidal. Shoots grow up vertically or at an angle. Leaves in the form of a rhombus or a wide triangle.
Poplar blossoms in late April at the same time as the leaves open. The tree is resistant to winter frosts, but often suffers from spring cold snaps. Leaf fall begins in October.
Pyramidal poplar enriches the air with oxygen during the day. The process of photosynthesis does not stop at night.
Landing
Propagate poplar seeds or cuttings. The tree grows faster from cuttings. For planting, choose annual thin shoots up to 1 m long. Cut them off in early spring or autumn after leaf fall and divide into cuttings. Leave 3-4 buds on each shoot.
Grow cuttings in moist soil. planting material place every 10 cm. With constant watering, the shoots will grow by 15 cm.
In autumn, move the seedling to a permanent place. Choose well-lit areas with fertile soil.
Boarding order:
- Dig a hole 0.5 m deep. Leave 1.5 m between the trees.
- Place drainage at the bottom if the soil is clayey and does not pass moisture well.
- Add 100 g of Nitrofoska complex fertilizer to the pit.
- Pour some of the soil into the hole to form a mound.
- Place the seedling on a mound, straighten its roots.
- Cover the poplar roots with the remaining soil.
- Compact the soil and water the plant generously.
- Mulch the soil with peat or sawdust.
In the 1st year after planting, water the poplar 2 times a month. Apply 25 liters of water under each plant. Increase the intensity of watering in drought.
Loosen the soil under trees under 6 years old. Annually form a crown, leave 20 cm from the length of the shoots. Treat the slices with garden pitch. To rejuvenate a tree, cut off its top.
Poplar is planted for landscaping urban and park areas. The tree is unpretentious and grows quickly with minimal care.
Poplars - very fast growing, gaining height and leaf mass from the Willow family. Trees grow very quickly for the first 15-20 years of life, but quickly grow old and die. When poplar blossoms, some people rejoice at the white poplar blizzard in the middle of a hot summer, and some suffer from allergies. All types of poplars purify the city air. There are several dozen species of poplars on earth, many of them are hybrids grown through the efforts of dendrologists.
balsamic
The balsam poplar is found in Canada and North America. The usual height is 17-20 m, old fifty-year-old trees often reach a height of 30 m.
The diameter of the sprawling poplar crown is 10-12 m, it is difficult for two people to grab a thick trunk, since its diameter can be up to two meters. At the base of the trunk, the bark of the plant is dark, uneven, in bursting clumsy furrows; higher along the trunk, an elastic, smooth skin of a white-gray shade begins. 
The branches are covered with leaves 5-14 cm long and 4-7 cm wide. The shape of the leaves is rounded at the petiole and wedge-shaped, tapering to a sharp tip, along the edge of the leaves are covered with a finely serrated relief.
The leaf is smooth, with a leathery cool surface and a long dense petiole (2-2.5 cm), the upper part of the leaf is shiny, dark green, the color of the lower plate is gray-green, very light, the skeletal base of the leaf structure is clearly visible from below.
The buds thrown out in the spring are large, elongated, up to 2 cm high. The buds and newly unfolded young leaves are sticky from a sticky resin coating covering them with a pleasant aroma.
A tree is considered an adult only after 5 or 6 years. The type of this poplar is used to create living, windshields for fields and.
It is almost never used for landscaping cities and villages, although it looks very nice in group plantings, consisting of a small group of trees.
bay leaf
Habitat Western and Eastern Siberia, up to the Angara River. Grows in Altai, in the foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau. Distributed in river valleys on pebbles, on mountain slopes, on gravel.
Plant height from 10 to 20 m, trunk thickness up to 1 m in diameter. This type of poplar is not tall, the skeletal branches are sprawling and not numerous, few new, young shoots grow on them during the year. Therefore, the crown of the plant is not dense, slightly sparse.
Did you know? In total, 95 varieties of poplar trees grow on planet Earth.
The skin of the trunk is gray with cracks. The tree is not very demanding on lighting and lives on the poor. The roots of the bay leaf are very deep; it can withstand the long, frost-rich Siberian winters without any problems.
The color of the bark of young shoots is light yellow, they are slightly pubescent. shoots unusual look, and with clearly visible rebrines, growing up, the shoots become rounded in diameter. 
This ribbing of the shoots is due to longitudinal cork-like growths, which is hallmark this type of poplar. The kidneys are oval, sharp, brown-green, elongated, covered with a sticky and pleasantly smelling substance.
The foliage is large, the length of the leaf is 6-14 cm, the width is from 2 to 5 cm. The shape of the leaf is oval-elongated, narrowed towards the end, the leaf has a finely indented border, smooth to the touch, cool, leathery, with a two-tone color (green-whitish). The blossoming foliage is sticky, light green.
Due to the frequent freezing of the branches, an abundant growth of young shoots occurs, from this the crown of the tree seems extremely lush and very decorative.
Flowering in this variety occurs in May-June, fringed earrings have a whitish color, loosely fluffed, covered with yellow pollen.
The male form of the earrings is cylindrical, from 3 to 8 cm long, they have 20-25 stamens with stamen filaments and anthers, the female form of flowering (earrings) has flowers rarely located on them, a pistil with a two-lobed stigma. The blades on the pestle are located downwards. 
After ripening (May-June), in place of inflorescences-earrings, fruits are formed in the form of quadrangular swollen balls. The fully ripened seeds scatter from bursting testicles. Poplars from a number of laurel species are used in plantings along highways.
Important! The poplar family is divided into male and female trees. But only females during flowering spread fluff around.
Pyramidal
The pyramidal poplar is a photophilous plant. Very tall, the description of the species indicates a maximum height of 35-40 m and a maximum lifespan of up to 300 years. It grows in Italy, the Caucasus, Ukraine, Central Asia, Russia.
He likes neutral and slightly acidic, moderately saturated with moisture, but well lit by the sun. Grows fast in the first 10 years. The cap of the plant is narrow, clearly elongated upwards, the branches are powerful, strong, growing at an angle of 90 ° relative to the trunk. 
The diameter of the trunk on the cut is up to one meter, has weakly expressed annual rings, dark gray bark, indented with small cracks. blooms small flowers, collected in long inflorescences in the form of male and female earrings, female earrings are 5-7 cm longer than male ones.
Flowering occurs immediately after bud break. The color of women's and men's earrings is also different, men's - burgundy, women's - light milky.
The young plant has a smooth and elastic, light gray or light olive bark. The shape of the pyramidal poplar leaf is clearly triangular, with a wide, even base, sharply tapering towards the top of the leaf.
Like other types of representatives of Willows, the pyramidal has shiny, dark green leaves with a white color along the lower plate, finely serrated along the edge. The leaves are attached to the branches with a short, strong petiole, slightly flattened along.
With the onset of autumn, the foliage turns yellow, in mid-October the leaf cover crumbles to the foot of the trees. 
The roots of this plant are deep down and wide, part of the roots are usually located on the surface of the earth near the base of the tree. It grows well in urban environments, there is no negative reaction to vehicle emissions into the air.
Black (speck)
Poplar black or Osokor - received wide use in Russia and Ukraine, grows in parks and squares, in deciduous forests. It is used in urban landscaping due to its exceptional ability to release oxygen.
One plant can release as much oxygen as 10 and three large, old ones. In one summer season, black poplar purifies the city air from 20 kg of dust accumulations, and its buds also have healing properties and are used in folk medicine. 
During his life, the giant reaches a height of 35 meters, his life span is from 60 to 300 years. Old trees are sprawling, thickset, with a powerful trunk, swollen with skin growths, which eventually hardened and became shapeless-looking wood. The bark is roughly shaped, almost black.
The buds are tightly pressed to the branches, rounded, large, in light scales, covered with gluten. The leaves are hard and large, triangular or diamond-shaped, attached to the branches with flattened cuttings.
Flowering - long earrings, burgundy and yellow, male and female varieties. Male and female blooms differ in color and length of inflorescences, female inflorescences are usually twice as long and lush. 
Flowering occurs in late May or early June. At the end of seed maturation, dispersal (reproduction) begins. Poplar family has earned recognition and love in different parts the globe its diversity, rapid growth and unpretentiousness.
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