Today we will consider the main issues regarding the choice of such installations.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of aeration plants?
Is it worth separating "black" and "gray" drains?

The operation of these stations is based on an aerobic biological treatment process. Wastewater. In other words, organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms that use atmospheric oxygen for their life, with which the effluents are saturated with the help of a compressor or a drainage pump.

What are the benefits of aeration plants?

High degree of wastewater treatment, reaching 95-98%. In this connection, VOC manufacturers admit the possibility of diverting treated process water from their facilities to the relief - into a village drainage ditch, ditch, nearby forest, reservoir, etc. This is a significant advantage of VOC over septic tanks that require post-treatment of wastewater in soil filtration facilities (about septic tanks from , and for them we have described in detail in our articles).
Aeration plants are the best option for autonomous sewerage, when clay soils are in the area - with poor filtering ability. That is, when it is very difficult to arrange filtering facilities. Or when there is simply no place for them on the site. So, the option with a septic tank disappears.
Aeration units are suitable for areas with heaving soils and high groundwater levels (GWL). Such units are manufactured from plastic - most often from polypropylene or fiberglass - in the factory. Therefore, they have a durable and sealed body, equipped with stiffeners and protruding elements. This allows VOCs to avoid deformation and extrusion to the surface.
Compared to septic tanks, aeration plants are less likely to have to be cleaned of excess sludge. But you still need to pump it out.

What are the disadvantages of aeration plants?

Quite high cost, especially quality products.
The relative complexity of the design: there are moving elements.
Energy dependence. Although the cost of electricity for the operation of VOCs is relatively small, when the electricity is turned off, the installation quickly ceases to function normally.
Unstable work, subject to intermittent residence in the house, which means uneven flow of effluents.
The need to store the installation for the winter if it is not expected to live in the house at this time of the year.
VOCs require regular service (often 3-4 times a year), which can be a hassle for homeowners.
Compared to septic tanks, aeration plants are not as “omnivorous”: there are serious restrictions on what can be dumped into the sewer. Most often, it is impossible to dispose of the remains of vegetables and fruits, spoiled products, construction garbage, filter rinses, a large amount of drains with chlorine-containing preparations, etc. But you can dump toilet paper, kitchen drains and drains from dishwashers or washing machines there.

Sergey Shemaev CEO of Septico

During the conservation of the aeration installation for the winter, it is strictly forbidden to pump water out of it, otherwise the station may be deformed or squeezed onto the surface of the earth. To avoid this, always leave the unit filled with clean water.

What is the difference between the installations of different manufacturers?

Two main types of VOCs can be distinguished, depending on whether aeration is carried out using a compressor or a drain pump. There are much more stations of the first type on the market. This is due to the time-tested efficiency of fine bubble aeration provided by the compressor.

Installations of this type are represented by the trademarks Tver, Topas, Astra, Eurolos (PRO series), Eco-Grand, BioDeka, etc. In general terms, the principle of their operation is similar. Drains sequentially pass through several chambers.

First, they settle in the receiving chamber, then they enter the aerotank - a chamber where they are saturated with atmospheric oxygen. Air is supplied through a fine-bubble aerator connected by a tube to a compressor. Thanks to oxygen, there is an intensive reproduction of microorganisms already contained in wastewater. Some models of VOCs are supplemented with bioreactors (loads) that promote the reproduction of these microorganisms. As a result, activated sludge is formed, which destroys the organic compounds present in the wastewater.

Further, the clarified water with sludge particles is sent to another settling tank, where the sludge settles and again enters the aerotank. And the purified water enters the next chamber, from where it is discharged outside the station - by gravity or forcibly, using a pump. Depending on the installation model, the liquid is moved either by airlifts (jet pumps), or combined - by gravity and airlifts. In some VOC models, additional settling chambers are provided, as well as a bioreactor (loading) in a non-aerated chamber. A biofilm of anaerobic microorganisms is formed on the bioreactor. All this is designed to improve the quality of cleaning.

In most stations of this type, the compressor and control unit are located inside the unit itself. This moment causes criticism from opponents of compressor stations. They remind that the possibility of VOC flooding cannot be ruled out. For example, when there is a power outage and the pump stops working, forcibly pumping water out of the installation. Flooding will lead to a breakdown of the compressor and control unit, the replacement of which will cost a lot.

However, in some LOS this problem is solved due to the fact that the compressor is taken out into the house. However, you need to be prepared for the fact that a constantly running compressor will make noise, although not strong. A compromise option is to place the compressor and control unit in an electrical box mounted on a rack located next to the station.

Peter Kukhanovich Head of Sales Department, Trading House "Engineering Equipment"

Placing the compressor of an aeration unit in a dry, heated room has a number of advantages. First, the compressor is not affected by moisture. Secondly, it is unaffected by toxic gases generated in the treatment plant that can corrode the copper parts of the compressor. All this ensures a long service life. Thirdly, a compressor located in a heated room guarantees high-quality wastewater treatment in the winter.The fact is that the biological processes necessary for cleaning proceed at a water temperature not lower than +8°C. If the compressor is outdoors, it will supply cold air to the unit in winter. And therefore, there is a possibility of a decrease in the temperature of the water in it and, as a result, a deterioration in the quality of cleaning. If the compressor is located in the house, then it will only supply warm air, and this problem is excluded. Moreover, when the compressor is located on the street, and in winter there are arrivals in the house and the drains flow unevenly, there is a risk of water freezing in the installation during severe frosts. When the compressor is placed in a heated room, this will not happen.

Aeration plants of the second type are represented on the market by the trademarks Kolo Vesi, Eurolos (BIO series), etc. In such stations, also multi-chamber, wastewater is first clarified and then saturated with oxygen. Saturation occurs due to the fact that the effluent is sprayed by a submersible recirculation drainage pump onto the sprayer, after which it flows through the biofilter with a load. The biofilter is located in the mouth of the installation. It has a large surface area thanks to the voluminous loading elements made of synthetic material. In fact, the biofilter performs the function of a mechanical wastewater aerator. Passing through the biofilter, the effluents are cleaned by microorganisms in the form of activated sludge and biofilm on the feed. Then the effluents are additionally settled and discharged outside the station. All overflows between the chambers of the station are gravity. The control unit is moved outside the LOS.

Among the advantages of such installations are a simpler design compared to the first type of VOC, reliability due to the absence of a compressor, the ability to operate in septic tank mode during a power outage due to the gravity flow of wastewater between the chambers (although in this case, sewage is cleaned much worse). Critics of such stations argue that the efficiency of aeration due to the pump is lower than due to the compressor, which is why the quality of cleaning in "pumping" installations is worse. The manufacturers deny this. At the same time, it can be noted that the market is looking for solutions aimed at improving the aeration of the treated liquid in plants of this type. So, stations have recently appeared where additional aeration is provided due to the ejector.

Konstantin Feldmanhead of the wholesale department of the company "Eurolos"

New technical solution is that the clarified wastewater supplied by the recirculation pump is divided into two streams: the first is sent to the biofilter sprinkler, and the second to the ejector provided in one of the settling chambers. Thanks to the ejector, the amount of oxygen that saturates the water increases. The use of an ejector made it possible to achieve a more stable quality of cleaning, as well as speed up the process of reaching the station's operating mode at startup.

We add that some manufacturers of "pumping" aeration plants recommend adding bioactivators to the water at the initial start-up or after a long downtime of the station to speed up the release of VOCs to the declared mode of operation.

How to determine the required volume of aeration installation?

To determine the required volume of VOC, the following points should be considered:

Productivity of installation (l/days). It is always indicated in the technical specifications of the VOC.
The number of people permanently living in the house. The daily norm for water consumption is approximately 200 liters per person (according to SP 30.13330.2012 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"). Knowing how many people are in the family, you can calculate the daily volume of wastewater that will need to be diverted to the sewer. Thus, for a family of five permanently residing in the house, an installation with a capacity of about 1000 l / day will be optimal. As a rule, manufacturers allow short-term excess of the volume of effluents by 20-30% per day, for example, when guests come to you for the weekend. But a long-term increase or decrease in the volume of wastewater will lead to a deterioration in the quality of treatment.
Many installations are critical to volley water discharge. Therefore, often in their characteristics the maximum allowable volume of one-time drains from various plumbing fixtures is indicated.

Often, homeowners want to direct the “black” drains from the toilet to the aeration unit, and dispose of the “gray” drains from the bathroom and kitchen in some other way, for example, to drain directly into the filter well. At the same time, the savings consist in the acquisition of a smaller aeration unit. We do not recommend doing this, since "gray" drains are also dirty, and dumping them into the ground without cleaning means harming the environment. And the filter well will quickly become clogged. In addition, when separating wastewater, the aeration plant will not receive the necessary nutrient medium in the required volume, sludge will not form normally, which means that it will not be able to treat wastewater with high quality.

In we will talk about how to properly position the aeration unit on the site and how to properly mount it. And also we will touch upon the acute question - is it possible to divert water from the aeration installation to the relief?

Our company is engaged in the production of autonomous sewers for private houses. With BIO-S products, you organize efficient wastewater treatment for further use liquids for technical needs. We sell gravity, turnkey forced systems - with further installation and maintenance. You can also purchase an autonomous sewer with right level performance, volley reset. We will deliver the order to the desired address in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Construction of structures

Household sewers "BIO-S" are made of several parts. The case is polypropylene. The material is not subject to corrosion, withstands the effects of aggressive substances. There are compartments inside the case. When wastewater passes through them, it is cleaned from contaminants by means of aerobic bacteria. The output is a clear liquid. It enters directly into the ground, water or reservoirs. In the latter case, it is possible to use purified water for irrigation and other household needs.

Advantages of our products

Local sewer systems are effective method drainage different levels pollution. Installation of structures without pumping out is in demand among owners country houses because they:

purify wastewater by 98%;
made of high-strength, moisture-resistant material;
do not let unpleasant odors out;
have a compact size that allows you to install structures in small areas;
non-volatile - the system will work even when there is a power outage;
easy to install due to low weight;
do not require frequent maintenance - once a year is enough.

With all the advantages, the cost of treatment facilities is favorable. You buy an autonomous sewer from the manufacturer. This not only determines an attractive price, but also guarantees the quality of products. In addition, we additionally provide services for the installation and maintenance of systems. As a result of cooperation, you get reliable sewerage and high-quality service from BIO-S professionals.

Call to convenient time and clarify questions. We will advise on the choice of an autonomous sewage system, the production of custom-made structures, and discuss the nuances of the provision of services. Do not doubt that cooperation with "BIO-S" will be fruitful and pleasant.

Local wastewater treatment plants: what is it? This is equipment for the treatment of domestic wastewater that comes from country houses, groups of houses, public buildings (hotels, catering establishments, enterprises, etc.). The equipment purifies water by 95-98%, the drain becomes absolutely safe for the environment.

Advantages of our local treatment facilities

A wide range of.
The EcoSan group of companies is the official dealer of the leading VOC production plants;
The VOC model range fully complies with sanitary and environmental standards;
High reliability;
Energy independence;
Ease of operation;
Ease of installation;
Noiselessness;
Lack of smell;
The possibility of a break in the supply of wastewater to VOCs up to 3 months.

Types of local treatment facilities

Installation "Tver" price from 58 800 rubles

"Tver" - local treatment facilities of an individual type. The Tver plant is designed for deep biological treatment of domestic wastewater from individual houses (cottages), a group of residential buildings, settlements, as well as public catering establishments.

Installation "Eurobion" price from 57 600 rubles

The EUROBION plant is a new generation equipment for domestic wastewater treatment. The installation uses a vertical arrangement of activation zones, low-waste biotechnology, and a bubble dispenser with self-regeneration.

Installation "Unilos" price from 66 300 rubles

Astra "UNILOS" local treatment facilities were developed in Russia based on the experience of designing and operating large industrial treatment facilities and are suitable for operation in the Russian climate, regardless of the season.

Maintenance of local sewage treatment facilities

The EcoSan group of companies provides a full range of services related to the installation and maintenance of local treatment facilities and sewerage:

performs installation of VOC;
carries out pumping;
controls the operation of the equipment.

Installation and service maintenance VOCs are carried out by a specialized team. All units are certified, equipped with a set of accompanying technical documentation, and, if desired by the buyer, can be put on regular service.

For giving

Treatment facilities are purchased not only by the owners of country houses, who live year-round in the suburban area, but also by summer residents. Seasonal residence in a country house does not exclude the problem of organizing sewage. Local treatment facilities for summer cottages are an excellent option for solving the toilet issue. The seasonality of residence does not negatively affect the quality of the equipment - the structure of the installations implies a break in the supply of effluents.

For businesses

Factories and factories are a source of a large volume of wastewater. The degree of water pollution exceeds all permissible standards, water discharge into environment without filtering is strictly prohibited. The EcoSan group of companies offers a wide range of treatment facilities for enterprises. The equipment can be installed for wastewater treatment not only from industrial enterprises, but also from public facilities (cafes, hotels, children's camps, etc.).

In our company you can buy high-quality local sewerage treatment facilities for summer cottages at a price acceptable to you.

More information on wastewater treatment plants

« TOP most frequently asked questions on VOC»
« Advantages of the model range of EcoSan Group of Companies»
« Operating rules»

The convenience of living in a country house or in a country house strongly depends on the availability sewer system. If it is impossible to connect to the sewer network, it is recommended to install a local treatment plant for a summer residence, where domestic wastewater will be collected and processed. The EcoTechAvangard company designs and manufactures modern, economical to install and efficient sewerage systems for cottages. Our product range includes aeration stations that provide deep biological wastewater treatment, and autonomous sewers for private households.

Purification system functions

Objects of this type perform 2 basic functions: collection of domestic wastewater and their further treatment in order to prepare for disposal in a natural way. In our systems, cleaning is carried out by a biochemical method in several stages.

Mechanical. Large fractions and undissolved impurities are retained in the treatment plant for giving.

biological. Aerobic / anaerobic mechanisms process complex substances into simpler ones suitable for further utilization. Complete processing of organic inclusions, including nitrogenous ones, is carried out.

Physico-chemical. Such cleaning consists in getting rid of suspensions and dissolved impurities.

Equipment for wastewater treatment plants

The package of treatment facilities for the home may include diverse equipment: pumps, filters and biological treatment complexes, compressors, controls, etc. The final list depends on the type sewer plant and customer requirements. In general, the equipment can be divided into treatment (various traps, filters, etc.); functional (ensures the operation of the structure - for example, pumps organize the supply of wastewater); drainage. Also, modern stations are equipped with controls.

Operating principle

Our systems use biochemical wastewater treatment with activated sludge. Organic pollution is processed by accumulations of aerobic (requiring oxygen) bacteria. Conventionally, the process taking place in a treatment plant for the home can be divided into two stages.

biological maturation. At this stage, in the aerotank, under the condition of oxygen supply, the optimal amount of active sludge (sludge) is built up, which depends on the volume and chemical composition drains, operating mode of the installation.

Stationary biochemical oxidation. First, the biosorption of organic inclusions by activated sludge flakes occurs, as a result of which the amount of pollution decreases sharply. Then decarbonization and further decomposition of organics are started with the involvement of more complex biochemical reactions.

Further wastewater treatment consists in their nitrification. This is the decomposition of nitrogen-containing substances. Thus, treatment facilities for the home provide multi-level wastewater treatment.

Types of treatment facilities

Septic tanks. They are tanks made of metal, plastic, concrete. The number of cameras may vary. Conventional storage septic tanks have one compartment where wastewater accumulates. The latter are not cleared. More advanced treatment facilities for giving include several departments, in each of which a certain type of cleaning is carried out.

Aerotanks. They provide a constant flow of wastewater. Throughout the volume of the aerotank, aerobic bacteria are actively working, which decompose the contaminants present in the wastewater. Usually, effluents are fed into the aerotank after undergoing mechanical treatment. It should be borne in mind that this type of treatment plant for giving provides for mandatory equipment with aerators that force air into the system.

Bionic system. Unlike septic tanks, it does not require the mandatory arrangement of filtration fields. The Bionic system compares favorably with aerotanks in that, in the absence of electricity, it turns into a conventional septic tank, maintaining its performance until the electrics are turned on.

Architectural and construction execution

Semi-embedded or buried. The cleaning system for giving is fully or partially dug into the ground. Such stations are compact in size and operate completely autonomously. They do not spoil the view of the site. However, their basic drawback is the need to perform earthworks. It should also provide access to the equipment. Usually this option is equipped at the stage of building a house.

In a building made of lungs metal structures . If the site area allows, the cottage sewerage system is located in a separate building. Usually it is assembled from light metal structures. This method of organizing local sewerage is good because it does not require earthworks and is performed quickly enough. Free access to the equipment for the purpose of repair/maintenance is provided. The downside is the need to allocate special areas for the system.

Container version. With this installation option, the system is a single container, where all the necessary elements and assemblies are collected. This option is convenient due to its compact size. Installation is faster and easier than with other options for organizing local sewerage. The disadvantage is the complexity of repair and maintenance, because in the event of a failure of a certain element, the entire structure will have to be opened.

What to consider when choosing

When choosing a sewer for a cottage, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the average daily volume of effluents. According to the current SNiP, it is 200 liters per person. Individual characteristics are also important, for example, the volume of the bath, the number of water use points, the number of wastewater discharged into the installation at a time. The next important parameter is the types of pollution. It is necessary to take into account the varieties of disinfectants and cleaning products used in everyday life, the need to ensure grease removal and disinfection of effluents. The third point is the features of the architecture of the building and the relief of the site. It is necessary to determine how the purified water will be disposed of - by gravity or through forced release. Depth of padding matters sewer pipe, the height of the rise of soil water, the level of freezing, the relief of the site.

Right selection of a treatment plant is a very important indicator in the work of the company and the formation positive feedback customers about this company.

Discussing the details with the client is necessary for the most right choice type of treatment plant, as well as the choice of the most appropriate treatment technology. There are a number of questions, the answers to which will provide a complete picture of what kind of autonomous or modern local sewerage necessary.

These questions are divided into groups:

1. Calculation of the volume of a treatment plant of a local or autonomous type

you need to know the total amount of flow per day
runoff characteristics (grey waters, black waters)
periods of residence
peak periods (depending on the number of people living in the house at the same time)

2. drainage.

the presence of a slope in the territory
the presence of elevation marks on the site in relation to general condition relief
groundwater level on the site, mandatory accounting of the process of snow melting in autumn
the height of groundwater underground at the highest and lowest points of the relief
presence on site drainage system(cuvettes, ditches, etc.)
Availability stormwater collection facilities and its cleaning
it is necessary to determine the composition of the soil, its ability to filter

3. Sources of drinking water and their sanitary zones

it is necessary to clarify the presence on the site of a well with drinking water or a water well
situational characteristics (locating near the site of neighboring residential buildings)
the presence of wells with drinking water on the neighbors' plots
location of a site near the water protection zone of a special purpose reservoir
you need to specify the point of discharge

4. Technical characteristics of the object

the depth at which the exit from the house of the sewer pipe is located
the presence of a riser with ventilation, the presence of an internal sewer system
distance from the wall of the room to the approximate installation site of the treatment equipment
the presence of a constant supply of electricity
the possibility of approaching a sewage truck to the distance necessary for pumping.

Autonomous sewerage of a private house or Autonomous sewerage with your own hands.

To make a decision about a manufacturer of wastewater treatment equipment, the client needs to have knowledge that could help him navigate the market.

5. Manufacturer and brand

the manufacturer's productive potential and feedback on the market
distributors in different locations
availability of territories allocated for warehouses
installation and maintenance services
transportation services
availability of stocks in warehouses and delivery time of equipment

6. Equipment specifications

material
design features
strength characteristics
modular design
universal equipment

7. Price

value for money
ratio of market price to producer prices

8. Guarantees

product warranty period
installation warranty period

9. Maintenance and other services

availability of service providers in your area
the presence of contractor groups involved in the installation of equipment
the possibility of consultation and implementation of the process of drawing up the binding of treatment equipment directly in one of the company's offices

10. Differences from similar products on the market

ease of use
reliable performance
availability of self-service
absence complex technologies in equipment
high quality cleaning
the possibility of various configurations depending on the characteristics of the object

1) Calculation of the volume and performance of the modern sewerage system

1.1 Used as autonomous sewers or local sewers , treatment facilities must be installed only after an accurate calculation of data regarding the number of people living in the house at the same time, as well as the number and volume of plumbing fixtures. Should be considered the following factors: the average number of people living in a daily period, a possible increase in runoff volumes due to the appearance of guests to calculate the reserve.
1.2 The volume of runoff sometimes changes as the composition of the wastewater changes. To do this, you should understand the issues regarding separate drainage. Waste water is divided into gray water and black water. Black waters suggest faecal runoff, which is approximately 5 percent of general composition sewage at joint water disposal. gray waters- this is the collection of wastewater from all kinds of plumbing fixtures, such as a bathtub, shower or sink.
1.3 The seasonality of residence is an important factor that must be taken into account due to the fact that the full operation of the treatment plant depends on the continuous supply of sewage. Runoff waters contain organic substances necessary for the biological treatment process through the work of microorganisms. Uneven flow can disrupt the work of such organisms, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of the treatment process.
1.4 The size of the third chamber of the septic tank must be determined in advance so that peak loads do not disrupt the complete cleaning process and do not wash out incompletely purified water along with some of the beneficial microorganisms.

Calculation of daily flow volumes and the required volumes of treatment equipment for local or autonomous sewage.
The volume of wastewater per day dictates the volume of treatment equipment. The calculation should be made on the basis of regulatory documents, in this case it is SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings (Appendix 3 of the water consumption rate by consumers)
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on the data given in SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings. An average rate of 200 liters per person is taken as an average value and is used in the calculation. This norm includes all plumbing fixtures that a person can use.
Calculation required volumes treatment equipment is produced in strict accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The daily inflow of wastewater determines the required volume of the septic tank for country house: if the wastewater volume does not exceed 5 cubic meters per day, then the volume of the septic tank should be 15 cubic meters (that is, three times more). With a volume of wastewater exceeding 5 cubic meters per day, the volume of the septic tank should be two and a half times the volume of the drain. These calculations are valid for at least one use of the cleaning equipment.
The volume of the septic tank can be reduced by 15-20 percent only if the average wastewater temperature in winter exceeds 10 degrees, and the rate per person is more than 150 liters per day.

For example: five people live in a country house at the same time, therefore, 5 people. * 200 l = 1000 l/day. Therefore, the volume of treatment equipment should be 3000 liters (1000*3=3000). Such a tripling is necessary for the cleaning process, since the work of beneficial microorganisms is carried out for 3 days.
Calculations of the volumes of facilities for treatment at industrial enterprises, in campsites, hotels, hostels are carried out on the basis of the standards specified in SNiP 2.04.01-85.

2) Water drainage

During planning systems local sewers or modern autonomous sewers should be very precise important points regarding the place where the purified water will fall. These factors can seriously affect cleaning equipment.

2.1 The presence of a natural slope on the site allows you to use it when building systems water drainage
2.2 The general topography of the area in which the site is located can give an idea of what will happen as a result of increased volume of wastewater discharge, taking into account the level of groundwater and the ability of the soil to filter.
2.3 It is strictly forbidden to neglect the knowledge of information regarding the level of groundwater, since this factor is extremely important in the construction of treatment equipment. The water level can be determined by test drilling. After such an operation, a special document is issued that reflects the most important characteristics of the soil and a description of the soil layers.
Missing groundwater information can be filled with site data by checking the following:
- the depth of the foundation of the house
- the presence of ditches, ravines, standing water on the base
- determine the direction of water movement in the ditches (if any)

The lack of periodic change of wastewater can lead to the appearance unpleasant odors. The three points above can provide information on the standing of groundwater, taking into account seasonal changes (snowmelt and showers in spring). The level of waters under the ground can radically change the drainage system and transform it from gravity to pressure, the discharge of which is carried out using a pump. In the case when the groundwater level exceeds the depth at which the sewage treatment plant outlet pipe is laid, a sealed water intake well should be used to install a sewage pump with a float switch.

2.4 If the site is located at lower points of the relief, then the probability of seasonal and permanent flooding, as well as periodic complete or partial waterlogging of the site, should be taken into account.

2.5 Artificial or natural systems drainage are pluses when considering options sewer equipment. In this case, we can talk about ditches on the site, as well as other drainage systems on a larger scale. Such systems allow lowering the groundwater level and thus facilitating the installation of equipment for the removal of treated wastewater.

2.6 The equipped wastewater collection and treatment system allows it to be used for the disposal of wastewater that has been treated.

2.7 The composition of the soil and its ability to filter are very important indicators in the selection of treatment equipment. Everything that was described in paragraph 2.3, as well as test drilling of wells and geological data, must be strictly taken into account.
The constituents of the soil and its filtration capacity have a strong influence on the water drainage system and, consequently, on the required pipe length. sewers and the number of wells performing filtration.
There is a need to consider different options water outlets:
— dependence of the design of water treatment equipment on climate conditions, soil type, groundwater level, water discharge conditions after treatment, terrain, runoff water discharge conditions (with a sufficient level of purification)
The project for the construction of a treatment facility is developed taking into account a special link to the facility; at the same time, a detailed study of the hydrogeological situation in the area of possible placement, the presence of karst rocks, the level of protection of the underground aquifer, the height of groundwater, and the ability of the soil to filter are obligatory.
Where draining of wastewater after being in a septic tank is impossible according to sanitary standards, a filtration field should be installed, which is a system of pipes for drainage laid in rubble on a sandy base. Water will pass through it and fall into the layers of rubble for filtering, and then soak into the soil. It is recommended to use a filter trench, a filtration well, a filter with activated materials, and ultraviolet lamps for disinfection.

Equipment for soil post-treatment:

soaking trench
well for filtration
filtration trench or gravel-sand filter
underground filtration field

Their installation is carried out on soils for filtration - sandy loam, sandy soils, and on soils that are not capable of filtering runoff, provided that the groundwater level is more than 1 meter from the base of the well, drainage pipe tray or irrigation pipe tray. The equipment is equipped with risers for ventilation with a diameter of 10 cm, and their height should be greater than the likely level of snow cover (usually 0.7 m). Ventilation should be installed at the end of each irrigation line and at the beginning of each drain pipe. The length of the irrigation system and the size of the well are determined based on the water consumption per 1 square meter of surface for filtration (walls and bottom of the well) or per 1 square meter of irrigation pipe length.

The method of water diversion should be chosen depending on the ability of the water in the area to filter.

The filtering well is installed on soils for filtration (sandy loam, sands) with a filtering area of 1.5 square meters sand or 3 square meters of sandy loam (based on one resident of a country house). The larger the filtering area, the higher the service life of the well. The groundwater level should be 50 centimeters below the crushed stone layer and 1 meter below the base of the well. The well for filtration is made of brick, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete.

Soak trench (platform)

Where draining after being cleaned by a septic tank is not recommended according to sanitation standards, you can put an additional absorbent pad or make an absorbent trench, which is a pipeline route made of porous material. Water enters the soil and passes through a layer of soil ideal for the life of beneficial bacteria. Trenches and soaking pads are used where sandy or sandy soils predominate - in this case, these systems are a pipeline or a system of pipes for irrigation, installed at a depth of 0.6-0.9 meters, and 1 meter higher than the groundwater level. Systems irrigation - these are perforated pipes installed with a slope of 1 to 3 percent, which is 1-3 cm per 1 m of pipe. The pipes rest on a bedding created from broken bricks, fine gravel, slag or crushed stone. Ventilation riser must be located at the end of each pipe, its height must be at least 0.7 m. Almost one hundred percent cleaning efficiency is achieved through the use of such additional cleaning systems.

Trench for filtration
A filtration trench is installed where the soil has a low filtration capacity. It is a recess with drainage and irrigation pipe networks. Typically, these trenches are placed close to swamps, ditches, or bodies of water. Water that has been treated in a filtration trench flows there by gravity. Crushed stone and sand should fill the space between the drainage and irrigation networks.

The sand gravel filter resembles a filtration trench, with drainage and irrigation pipes arranged in parallel.

An underground filtration field or filtration trench is usually located along a natural slope in the terrain. 12 meters is the recommended limit for the length of one drainage or irrigation network. The slope in the direction of water movement should be 1 percent (that is, 10 millimeters per 1 meter of pipe). When choosing the configuration of the underground filtration field (linear, parallel, radial), one should take into account the general layout, the size of the site, the relief, plans for further landscaping or landscaping.
Uniform distribution of wastewater when using several irrigation or drainage pipes is carried out at the expense of a distribution well.

Parallel pipes are usually made either in separate trenches, or in one wide trench in which 2 or 3 lines of irrigation pipes are installed (it is important to respect the distance between the axes). 1 or 2 drainage pipes are installed at a distance below the irrigation pipes. The filtered water will subsequently be collected in drainage pipes and discharged into a ditch or ravine, etc.

An aftertreatment filter is a device that is used when there are increased requirements for the quality of waste water treatment. The material used as a filter can be crushed granite, sand, granulated blast-furnace slag, gravel, anthracite, polymers or activated carbon.

Calculation of the length of pipes for irrigation (Extract. Sewerage. External networks and structures) SNiP 2.04.03.85

6.190. The total length of the irrigation pipes should be determined depending on the loads presented in Table 49. The length of each of the sprinklers should not exceed 20 meters

Notes:

load indicators are presented for those areas in which the average annual precipitation is up to 500 millimeters.
with average annual precipitation ranging from 500 to 600 millimeters, the load values \u200b\u200bshould be reduced by 10-20 percent, but if the average annual rate exceeds 600 millimeters, then a decrease in the load value by 20-30 percent is recommended. For climatic region I and subregion IIIA, the value is reduced by 15 percent. The reduction percentage is greater when considering sandy loamy soils, and less when the terrain consists mainly of sandy soils.
coarse-grained bedding with a thickness of 20 to 50 centimeters involves the use of coefficients of 1.2-1.5 when considering the load value.
with a specific water discharge of more than 150 liters per person, the load values increase by 20 percent. The same applies to sites with seasonal stay.
Calculation of the approximate length of pipes for irrigation in underground fields for filtration in accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. Outdoor structures" taking into account the increase in the coefficient of coarse-grained bedding and the increase in load, if the water discharge rate exceeds 150 liters per person.
area with precipitation of 70 millimeters
the use of coarse-grained bedding with a layer of 20 to 50 centimeters (1.5 - coefficient)
specific water disposal per person is 200 liters (the load increases by 20 percent).

3) Water sources of drinking water and sanitary zones

3.1 Consideration regarding the installation of a sewer systems on the site involves taking into account such a factor as the presence of a water well or a drinking well. In this case, it is necessary to determine the depth of standing water in the well and the depth of the well. Such information will allow you to approximately determine the depth of the level. drinking water in this area.

3.2 When considering the option for water diversion, one should take into account the presence of devices for water intake not only directly on the territory of the site, but also in the territories adjacent to it (neighbors, water protection zones). It is necessary to take into account the location of the site in the general scale of the area, as well as to determine the area of adjacent sites.

3.3 If neighbors' plots are located close to the water withdrawal point, then the sanitary zones of neighbors' plots should be taken into account, as well as determine whether they have drinking water intake devices.

3.4 If the site is located in the water protection zone of a fishery reservoir, then this implies additional restrictions on the use of wastewater treatment facilities, as well as their additional disinfection using special equipment. Chlorine cartridges, ultraviolet lamps, ozonation, etc. are used to carry out the disinfection process. At the design stage, all this is coordinated by the supervisory authorities in accordance with the existing scheme within the framework of regulatory documents.

3.5 When performing work on the project, the supervisory authorities agree on the type of facility for treatment, its required indicators and characteristics of the quality of wastewater treatment. All of the above factors are carefully considered, sanitary zones are also defined, and the final point of wastewater discharge is agreed. The most important thing when agreeing on a water discharge point is to take into account the level of protection of the aquifer for drinking water.

4) Technical characteristics of the object.

4.1 Pre-design binding during development autonomous sewerage and installation of treatment facilities, as well as site planning and installation planning, are the first steps. By the time of choosing the type of facility for treatment, it should be understood that the facility itself is not at all some kind of complete complex for water treatment and that it requires the arrangement of engineering networks.
Tying the pipeline to the outlet of the fan pipe from the house is the beginning of calculating the required depths. The pipeline should be laid on a bed of sand with a slope of 2 to 3 percent per meter of pipeline. Such a slope is responsible for ensuring uniform movement of dense inclusions, such as fecal discharge in the general flow of liquid substances, and also prevents the formation of any blockages.
The depth at which it is laid fan pipe, is determined building codes when taking into account the depth of freezing characteristic of the area. You can use additional elements for heating or heaters that are able to maintain temperatures from +2 to +5 degrees. The use of moisture-saturated materials is necessary when installing insulation that could withstand soil loads. Such heaters include energy flex, thermoflex, extruded foam plastic for insulation of foundation structures. The thickness of such insulation depends on the depth of the pipeline.

4.2 Sanitary zones of 5 meters are required for septic tanks, which should be taken into account when planning the site before installing a treatment facility. If the distance increases, then the amount of work also increases, and the junction point of the sewer pipe to the inlet of the treatment facility and the exit point from the treatment facility when using a gravity flow scheme are also deepened. This factor is very important, because a small increase in the depth of the exit from the treatment facility leads to additional difficulties in arranging drainage systems . If there is no possibility to divert purified runoff water from a considerable depth, then the circuit should be converted from gravity (non-pressure) to pressure, and, as a result, a sewer pump and a well for receiving water should be ordered as a set. This factor has serious significance in the presence of a high level of groundwater, since high level may flood the treatment facility, rendering it unusable.
With a large depth of the exit from the treatment facility, the existing slope to the point of lowering the relief should be taken into account.

4.4 When installing a pressure circuit using a sewage pump, the mandatory availability of a permanent power supply should be taken into account. The float switch on the pumping equipment carries out the processes of periodic switching on of the pump as a certain amount of wastewater accumulates and drains into drainage systems .
Cleaning facilities are not 100 percent dependent on electricity, because the cleaning process itself uses technologies that do not require an energy supply. The use of electrically dependent devices is inevitable only when a pressure circuit is used. If there are interruptions in the supply of electricity, then the treatment plant has a reserve part for accumulation (a well for receiving water and a biological filter chamber in the respective systems). The volumes of the reserve part of the well and the biological filter are 0.62 m / cu - 1.5 m / cu., which allows residents to use plumbing in the house for quite a long time.

4.5 Plot dimensions considering sanitary zones must be considered when drawing up the installation plan.

4.6 Periodic maintenance is necessary for the correct operation of any type of treatment facility. Systems using a septic tank must be serviced once a year. When using additional bioenzymatic additives, it increases the percentage of wastewater treatment, and also extends the period between maintenance of facilities for cleaning by a sewage machine up to three years.
Due to the fact that the length of the hose of the sewage truck is 7 meters, when planning the layout of the installation of the cleaning facility in such a way that the truck can drive up to a distance of no more than 4-5 meters.
In extreme cases, a transfer pump or sewage pump can be used to pump out the accumulated sediment. In this case, pumping is carried out into the tank of the machine or onto a pile for decay and subsequent use as fertilizer.
The use of the resulting humus without prior heat treatment unacceptable due to the fact that it may contain pathogenic bacteria or helminth eggs.

5) Manufacturer

5.1 In view of the fact that the manufacture of this type of product is a complex technological and production process, this fact should be taken into account when assessing the cost of such equipment and the durability of its operation. Therefore, it is worth excluding consideration of the option of purchasing complex structures made in a handicraft way.
The purchase of equipment from firms that are not specialists in a particular field always leads to additional financial costs.

6) Equipment specifications

6.1 Some of our treatment facilities are made of fiberglass.
The scope of products made of composite materials based on fiberglass when using different types of resins is maximized due to the strength of this material. The strength characteristics of fiberglass are comparable even with metal, and sometimes even surpass it in some indicators, such as corrosion and chemical resistance, specific gravity, etc. Thus, cleaning facilities made of fiberglass are much more convenient to use than equipment made of polyethylene or reinforced concrete.
In fact, polyethylene septic tanks are cheaper than fiberglass, but they require special installation due to their low strength. In such a process, it is necessary to involve the installation of a special reinforced concrete box, which will significantly increase the cost of the equipment and its installation in total. Reinforced concrete has a number of significant drawbacks - it is very heavy, requires the mandatory use of special equipment for transportation and installation, is also leaky and is able to pass water. Aggressive environments can destroy a reinforced concrete structure.

Therefore, fiberglass is one of the most best options, as it meets all the requirements that apply to facilities for cleaning. It is light, strong, durable, and it is these qualities that must be considered when choosing sewer system for a country house.

7) Cost

7.1 The price of our company's products is in the middle compared to other manufacturers of cleaning equipment. It is safe to say that almost all systems Russian-made, made of polyethylene, are cheaper than imported products. We have already explained what are the advantages and disadvantages of polyethylene and fiberglass.

8) Guarantees

8.1 Trademarks Graf and Traidenis provides warranties for treatment facilities - 10 years for the underground part and 3 years for the blower, compressor.

8.2 Work carried out on the installation of cleaning equipment by an organization is guaranteed directly by this organization.

9) Maintenance

9.1 The necessary consultations of our specialists are free of charge. The company provides the necessary support in selecting the type of treatment facility, which takes place right at the company's office, where they also provide all necessary information regarding the cleaning facility.

9.2 Our company also informs you about the existence of related organizations that carry out dealer activities, and also provides information about the presence of an authorized representative of the company in your area, performing the entire list of services from the purchase of equipment to its installation.

You should be guided by the Product Passport, as well as the installation and operation manual when considering a possible arrangement scheme in a country house autonomous sewerage .

Activated sludge is sludge found in a biological treatment facility (aerotank) that is formed from solid particles suspended in domestic wastewater. A variety of microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) serve as the basis for activated sludge. The process consists in the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria, which in turn are eaten by the simplest unicellular organisms. Activated sludge is an accelerator of the process of purification and oxidation of wastewater.

Anaerobic bacteria are microorganisms that can survive in an environment without oxygen.

Aeration - This is the artificial saturation of the environment in the water with air to oxidize the organic substances in it. Aeration is the basis of the biological wastewater treatment process in aerotanks and biofilters, as well as in other treatment facilities.

Aerobic bacteria are microorganisms that require oxygen to live. Aerobic bacteria are divided into conditional and unconditional (the former can live on a small amount of oxygen, while the latter live without it at all - in this case they receive oxygen from sulfates, nitrates, etc.). Denitrifying bacteria, for example, belong to a species of conditional bacteria.

Aerotank (aero-air, tank-capacity) - This is a container for wastewater treatment from organic contaminants due to their oxidation by various microorganisms that are in activated sludge. With the help of a pneumatic or mechanical aerator, air is introduced into the aerotank, mixing the runoff water with activated sludge and saturating it with the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. A continuous supply of oxygen and a strong saturation of wastewater with activated sludge provide a high degree of intensity of the oxidation of organic substances and allow a high degree of purification to be achieved.

Aerofilter - This is a biological wastewater treatment device, which differs from the biofilter in that it has a larger area of the filtration layer, and also in that it has an air supply device installed to ensure a high degree of oxidation.

Biological wastewater treatment - This is one of the methods for removing harmful substances and microorganisms from industrial domestic wastewater, based on the ability inherent in microorganisms to use organic pollutants as food.

Biofilter - This is a device for artificial biological wastewater treatment, which is made in the form of a container with a double bottom and coarse-grained material for filtration inside (crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, gravel, etc.). Accumulations of microorganisms form a biological film as a result of passing through the wastewater filter material. Microorganisms mineralize and oxidize organic matter.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - This is the amount of oxygen that is needed for the final decomposition of organic matter contained in runoff water. An indicator of the degree of water pollution, which is characterized by the amount of oxygen spent for a specified time on the oxidation of pollutants (5 days - BOD 5), which are contained in one unit of water volume.

Nitrification is the treatment of wastewater from ammonium nitrogen.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) This is the amount of oxygen required for the final oxidation of the wastewater.

10) Differences from analogues on the market

10.1 No difficulty in use. The installation and operation of Traidenis and GRAF brand cleaning facilities does not require special skills or technical knowledge.

10.2 The reliability of our cleaning systems is also ensured by the fact that cleaning is carried out through the use of natural biological processes, and this is an indisputable advantage over systems that use complex technological solutions in their work.

10.3 Cesspool cars carry out maintenance of treatment systems. With the help of a sewage pump or a transfer pump, pumping is possible if it is impossible to drive the machine to the installation site of the treatment facility.

10.4 No need for complicated technological solutions due to the fact that the operation does not provide for the use of complex devices in the operation of the facility for cleaning and drainage systems treated wastewater during water disposal.

10.5 Wastewater treatment quality:

Water withdrawal:

A septic tank that does not use bioenzymes (up to 50 percent). Maintenance periods after 1 year. Mandatory post-treatment of the soil.
A septic tank that uses bioenzymes (up to 70 percent).

When considering the discharge of water into drainage system closed type or storm sewer should take into account that systems , which are analogous to the systems of our company, do not have hydraulic seals or blockers in their design, without which only 35 percent of wastewater treatment is achieved. The absence of a stable water mirror does not allow such systems to use bioenzymes.

Discharge of treated stagnant water onto land is prohibited for all types of treatment facilities.

Systems post-treatment is a mandatory addition to any water treatment scheme when considering the option of discharging water in a fishery area. For this, they are used sand filters, physico-chemical devices, reagents such as coagulants or flocculants, disinfection with UV lamps, ozonation, chlorine cartridge.

Qualified employees of our company will help you make the right choice of system autonomous sewerage and answer all your questions.

Modern autonomous private sewer for a country house, a cottage or a summer residence. Selection, description, advice.