Any estate, be it country house or private house must be provided with water. Without life-giving moisture they cannot grow, pleasing the eye lush flowering, and fully bear fruit no cultivated plants. Do-it-yourself water well, despite the seeming enormity of the process, is a very real possibility of extracting water, which can be done independently without the use of heavy drilling equipment. There are several drilling methods that are quite simple to implement and do not require the use of expensive equipment or significant effort.
Water can be produced by using different technologies. The main types of water wells used to extract life-giving moisture:
- Construction of a well, which, in the presence of a good spring, fills quickly and, being an excellent water storage device, can hold up to 2 cubic meters of water;
- A sand filter well, which is a pipe d=100 mm, immersed using an auger to a depth of 20-30 meters. A stainless mesh is attached to the recessed end of the pipe, which acts as a filter, being immersed in coarse sand. Well depth is 10-50 meters, service life is 5-15 years.
- A filterless artesian well used to extract water from porous limestone rock layers. The depth of the well is 20-100 meters, the service life is about 50 years.
The exact depth of the water well cannot be determined in advance. Approximately, this will be the same depth as a similar well drilled in neighboring areas, or a nearby well. Since deviations are possible due to uneven occurrence of soil layers, purchase casing should be based on the parameters of the water supply sources already installed on the site, but taking into account minor adjustments.
The design of the water well is a kind of narrow well
The service life of wells directly depends on the intensity of use: the more often you use the structure, the longer it will last
Drilling a well manually
To perform the work, you need the drill itself, a drilling rig, a winch, rods and casing pipes. A drilling tower is necessary when digging a deep well; with the help of this design, the drill with rods is immersed and lifted.
The easiest way to drill a water well is rotary, which is done by rotating the drill
When drilling shallow wells, the drill string can be removed manually, without using a tower at all. Drill rods can be made of pipes; the products are connected using keys or threads. The lowest rod is additionally equipped with a drill.
The cutting attachments are made of 3 mm sheet steel. When sharpening the edges of the attachments, it should be taken into account that when the drill mechanism rotates, they should cut into the soil clockwise.
Drilling technology, familiar to most owners of personal plots, is also applicable for constructing a water well
The tower is installed above the drilling site; its height should exceed the height of the drill rod in order to facilitate the removal of the rod when lifting. Then a guide recess for the drill is dug onto two bayonets of the shovel. The first turns of rotation of the drill can be completed by one person, but as the pipe sinks, additional assistance will be required. If the drill does not come out the first time, you should turn it counterclockwise and try again.
As the drill goes deeper, it becomes more difficult to rotate the pipe. Softening the soil with water will help make the work easier. As the drill moves downwards, every half a meter the drilling structure should be brought to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated again. At the stage when the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure is extended with an additional elbow.
Since lifting and cleaning the drill takes a significant part of the time, you should make maximum use of the design's capabilities, capturing and extracting to the surface the maximum possible portion of the soil layer.
When working on loose soils, additional casing pipes should be installed in the well to prevent soil from falling off the walls of the hole and blocking the well.
Drilling continues until it enters the aquifer, which is easily determined by the condition of the soil being removed. Passing the aquifer, the drill dives even deeper until it reaches the next aquifer - the aquifer. Immersion to the level of the waterproof layer will ensure maximum water flow into the well. It is important to note that manual drilling is only applicable for diving to the first aquifer, the depth of which does not exceed 10-20 meters.
To pump out dirty water, you can use a hand pump or a submersible pump. After two or three buckets of dirty water, the aquifer is washed out and usually appears clean water. If this does not happen, the well should be deepened another 1-2 meters.
You can also use a manual drilling method based on the use conventional drill and hydraulic pumps:
Rope Impact Drilling Technology
The essence of this method of making a water well with your own hands is that the rock is broken using a driving glass - a heavy tool falling from the height of an equipped tower.
To carry out the work, you need a homemade drilling rig, as well as tools for using the shock-rope method and extracting soil from the well.
A well tower, which looks like an ordinary tripod, can be made of either steel pipes or ordinary wooden logs. The dimensions of the structure must be proportional to the dimensions of the downhole tool.
The optimal ratio is the height of the tower, which exceeds the length of the downhole glass by one and a half meters
The process consists of alternately lowering the driving nozzle, which breaks and captures the rock, and raising it to the surface with the captured blade of the drilling tool.
To equip the drilling rig, you can use a steel pipe, the end of which is equipped with a cutting device. Cutting edge resembling appearance half of the auger turn will be in direct contact with the bottom. Half a meter from the edge, a hole must be made in the steel pipe through which the extracted soil can be removed by emptying the drill bit. A cable is attached to the top of the glass, which will be used to lower the glass and remove its contents to the surface. The glass should be freed from the ground as the structure deepens every half meter.
Here is a video example of conducting exploration drilling in this way:
The nuances of installing casing pipes
A do-it-yourself water well dug requires additional casing, which can be made from either a solid asbestos-cement pipe or individual sections of asbestos pipes. When working with cuts special attention is given equal to the diameter of the pipes in order to ensure subsequent unhindered immersion of the entire structure. Each pipe link is kept from slipping and secured with brackets, which are then hidden under stainless steel strips.
A do-it-yourself water well can also be “lined” with steel or plastic pipes
Pipe casing is required:
- to prevent walls from collapsing during drilling;
- to prevent clogging of the well during operation;
- to cover the upper aquifers with poor water.
A pipe with a filter made of a fine mesh that does not allow grains of sand to pass through is lowered to the bottom of the well and provides water filtration. The pipe, lowered to the required depth, is secured with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence.
When properly constructing a water well, the above-ground part of the structure is covered with a caisson - a cap that protects the source from contamination.
The head is a tank with a closing hatch with a hole diameter that allows easy access to the water intake well
Over time, the effect of a slight “squeezing” of the pipe from the soil may be observed. The natural process of spontaneous lifting of the pipe to the ground surface does not require additional measures for deepening.
Availability of a well suburban area, is often a necessary condition to create comfort. Many people prefer to have an independent source, even if they have centralized water supply. The absence of this necessitates the need to extract water from the subsoil. Level modern technology significantly expanded drilling capabilities. But a do-it-yourself water well remains a reality and in an inexpensive way providing it.
Providing water is a primary task when arranging any living space. Today there are several ways to extract water:
- well;
- Abyssinian well:
- sand well;
- artesian well.
Construction of a well is a labor-intensive and therefore expensive process.
Another disadvantage is that water is drawn from the upper layers, which creates a high probability of contamination, both external and entering through the upper layers of the soil. The amount of water is limited, the average flow rate is 0.5 cubic meters per hour. The well requires constant cleaning and repair, all these processes are carried out manually.
The well is more modern, reliable, durable and affordable way obtaining water. You can drill a water well on any plot of land. Depending on the depth of the aquifers, the type of construction is selected: Abyssinian well, sand or artesian well. If the aquifer is located at a depth of up to 12 m, an Abyssinian well is drilled. If this indicator is 50 m, water can be obtained using a sand well. Artesian is necessary if the water is at a depth of up to 200 m.
The Abyssinian well has a small diameter; surface dirt and dust do not fall into it. Cheap and reliable option with moderate amounts of water use. A sand well has an average flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour. This is a filter view, i.e. on aquifer sand is placed from polymers or stainless metal. The artesian well is filterless, the water is supplied clean, without impurities. The flow rate ranges from 5 to 100 cubic meters per hour.
A diagram of the operating principle of a water well (sandy view) gives a clear idea of its internal structure.
Choosing the type of well is an extremely important and responsible process.
Useful advice! If there is no information about the depth of the water layer, it is not worth determining the type of well without preliminary exploration. This can lead to unplanned additional costs and unexpectedly low flow rates.
Basic methods drilling water wells
Purpose of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.
Tools used fordrilling water wells with your own hands
When constructing a water well with your own hands great value has correct selection tools. It determines the speed and quality of work.
The drilling tool must be made of durable and wear-resistant material, preferably steel. You can buy it in a store, or you can make it yourself and be confident in its quality. Basic tools used for independent drilling wells:
- spoon. It consists of a hollow steel cylinder, which has a threaded head at the top for connecting to the rods, and a cutting edge at the bottom. The body has a longitudinal slot with one edge bent inward, and the second is sharpened and can work like a blade when rotated. A drill spoon can be made in a workshop where there is lathe and a forge. These devices have a diameter of 70, 140 and 198 mm. This spoon size should be 10 mm greater than the diameter of the pipes lowered after drilling;
- chisel bit. The wellbore is rounded by rotating the bit 15–20 degrees after each impact. The tool is made by forging from a single piece of ductile steel. Its sharpening angle is 90 degrees. Chisel bits have a diameter of 74, 108, 147 mm. Adaptations small sizes can be made in workshops where there is at least a small forge, as well as lathes and planers;
- bailer. Its body consists of an iron or steel pipe, to the top of which is attached a fork with a tapered thread for hanging from a rope or attaching to working rods. At the bottom of the pipe is equipped with a steel cutting shoe with a valve. The bailer body can be made from casing or gas pipe 1–2 m long;
- screw. It has flat spirals with a rapid pitch. At the end of the tool there is a drill that destroys the rock, and flat spirals bring it to the surface. The efficiency of the auger can be increased by using a small motor for rotation, for example, from a saw, motor plow, etc.;
- cup. It is a regular pipe with pointed lower ends. Working with it involves lifting and dropping it from a height of 2–3 m to the face. The sharp ends cut the rock and tear it away from the face;
- barbell. Used for impact and rotary drilling. A tool is lowered onto the face on it, while it rotates, drilling is carried out, and with its help, the destroyed rock is extracted to the surface. The rods experience compression, tension, bending and torsion loads. For this tool, you can use square or round steel rods, as well as water pipes with a reinforced wall.
Turnkey water well price
The cost of a turnkey water well, the price per meter of drilling, is a complex value that is influenced by a number of circumstances. First of all, it depends on the location of the object and the specifics of the area. Geological sections in the territory of one region are heterogeneous, the distribution of aquifers varies. As a result, drilling water wells costs differently in each area. In addition, soil composition and landscape matter.
- development area;
- the methodology used;
- transportation costs;
- depth of aquifers;
- installation of equipment;
- direct work on drilling and pumping a water well;
- type of well, features of its technical arrangement.
First, a qualified soil study is carried out, as a result of which technology and equipment are selected. Since all water well drilling work is carried out by one company, you can save effort and time by getting water in the shortest possible time.
Water supply to a private house from a well: layout of the main elements
Installing a water well in a private house and connecting a water supply to it will not cause any difficulties if you draw up the diagram correctly and purchase high-quality equipment. The water supply scheme for a private house from a well contains 3 main components:
- source (well);
- pumping station;
- pipeline.
These main components are equipped with additional:
- caisson for a well;
- automation;
- cleaning filters;
- water heater.
To connect the water supply to the house, pipes must be laid. If you do not plan to install insulation in the form of a cement tunnel (which is troublesome and time-consuming), you need to dig a trench that will lower them below the freezing point. Another insulation option can be fiberglass foil materials.
The raw materials used for pipes are different: there are several types of metal and an even greater variety of non-metallic, polymer products.
Useful advice! When replacing or laying water pipes It should be remembered that contact with water and the formation of condensation will certainly lead to corrosion on metal products. Plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion.
Well pumps: main characteristics
When settling in pumping station One of the main mechanisms is the pump. The choice of this device is extremely important.
According to the method of operation, pumps are divided into 2 types:
- superficial;
- submersible (deep).
Surface pumps pump water from wells whose depth does not exceed 8 m. They are installed on the surface; the installation method is quite simple.
For greater depths, submersible pumps should be chosen. They come in several types:
- centrifugal. They work due to the centrifugal force created by the blades of the paddle wheels when the shaft rotates;
- screw (or screw). Pumping of liquid occurs due to its movement along the axis of the screw in the chamber formed by the screw grooves and the surface of the housing;
- vortex. The basis of the design is a wheel with blades, placed in a housing and attached to a shaft. Driven by centrifugal vortex force;
- vibration. They work due to vibrations of the membrane, which creates a pressure difference, and the liquid is pumped into the water supply system.
The main parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a pump for a well:
- performance;
- power;
- depth, flow rate and diameter of the well;
- price.
The price of submersible pumps for water wells is much higher than surface pumps. This is due to their greater power, performance, design and installation features. Among the submersible ones, the most productive and expensive are centrifugal pumps, among which auger types are popular. They have high technical specifications, good performance and reasonable price.
If it is necessary to dispense a small volume of water in a short time, it is better to give preference to a vortex pump. A vibration device is often used with a target orientation - to rock the well. Prolonged exposure to vibration can damage parts of the well structure closest to the pump.
Useful advice! When deriving well parameters, some indicators are relative values. Therefore, when buying a pump, you should choose suitable model with a reserve of productivity.
You can buy a hand pump for water from a well. It requires physical effort, but is much more reliable, much cheaper, easier to repair and more durable to use. There are several types of hand pumps:
- winged. Operating principle: under the influence of a hand lever, the wing rotates, activating the suction element;
- piston Pressure is created at the outlet;
- rod They operate on the same principle as piston ones. The piston is significantly elongated, reminiscent of a barbell, hence the name;
- membrane The operation is based on the reciprocating movements of the membrane.
When choosing a hand pump for water from a well, you must first take into account the depth of the water layer. The deepest of hand pumps is a piston pump (up to 30 m), a diaphragm pump is effective up to 8–10 m. All types of hand pumps can fully replace surface pumps.
Basics of proper well operation
The cost of repairing a water well is always high, since this process is complex and labor-intensive. It is not always possible to do this on your own. In order for the well to supply water for a long time and fully, it is necessary to follow the following rules when starting it:
- Turn on the pump for the first time smoothly. You need to turn the valve on the head, starting from the minimum water intake value, and bring it to the optimal value.
- The duration of the first water intake should be at least two hours.
- During operation, it is necessary to avoid excessively short-term switching on of the pumping station.
- Systematic and significant water withdrawal in the first months of operation will ensure a constant flow of water and full functioning of the well.
Useful advice! Before using water from a well, it is mandatory to take a sample for chemical analysis of its composition. This will allow you to be sure of beneficial properties water used as drinking water, and will also make it possible to properly operate the water supply system as a whole.
DIY water well: possible problems and ways to solve them
Even if you pay the required cost for a turnkey water well, when the work is done by professionals, it is not always possible to avoid troubles during use. The most common problems during well operation:
- siltation:
- contaminated water;
- weak flow.
If the well is not used systematically, but only in the summer, siltation is almost inevitable. There is no need to rinse the structure in such a situation, but intensive pumping is required.
Water can become contaminated due to the ingress of soil and intermediate waters. The most common cause is depressurization of the casing pipes. Repairs are needed, which can be significant if the casing needs to be replaced rather than just patching up individual areas.
Useful advice! When purchasing materials for the installation of casing pipes for a water well, the price of which is within the budget range, you should not choose: the efficiency of the most expensive pumping station can be reduced to zero precisely because of depressurization problems. Plastic rings are reliable and convenient for mounting the casing.
Low flow may cause the filter to become clogged. The solution to this problem is to clean or replace the filter as a whole.
Figure out how to make a water well with your own hands, or order a turnkey one, accepting the conditions and cost of a water well already in ready-made version, – everyone decides for himself. Price cannot be a priority, and neither can the manufacturer of the equipment. The main thing is that the output be the quality and quantity of water that is necessary for daily consumption and life support.
The first thing the owner of a country plot, be it a rural farmstead or just a vegetable garden, should do is ensure water supply. It would be good if a centralized water supply system was built, but, alas, it is not available in every area. In such a situation, there is only one thing left to do - extract water from underground. Contrary to popular belief, this event is not always extremely expensive, because the technology of drilling a well under water can easily be mastered by a self-taught person who is accustomed to doing everything on his own.
From 12 to 50 m
The middle depths are the kingdom of aquiferous sand. The water here is quite clean, but you won’t be able to get to it with just a shovel or a pointed pipe. Nevertheless, the desire to build a sand well on your own is quite feasible. You will need special equipment and deeper knowledge of the technology of drilling water wells with your own hands. It is sand wells that will be discussed further.
About drilling methods
Before you drill a water well with your own hands, you need to choose the type of drilling rig (there are three of them).
Shock-rope
A heavy load, called a chuck, as well as a special tool - a bailer - are suspended from the frame using a cable. From below, several strong triangular teeth are welded onto the cartridge, which weighs about 80 kg. By lifting it and dropping it, they loosen the soil, which is then removed with a bailer.
Before starting work, you need to make a shallow well using a garden drill. The chuck can be lifted manually, but it is better to use a rotary motor for this.
This method is used when working on light or clayey soil.
Auger
The working body of such an installation is similar to a garden auger, only very powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe onto which a couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of 200 mm are welded. To make one turn, use a round sheet blank with a hole cut in its center with a diameter of just over 100 mm. A cut is made along the radius of the workpiece, then the edges at the site of this cut are moved in two opposite directions, perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece.
As the drill sinks, the rod on which it is attached is increased. The tool is rotated manually using a long handle made from a pipe. Every 50 - 70 cm the drill will have to be removed, and since as it goes deeper it will have more and more weight, for this it will be necessary to install a tripod with a winch.
Rotary
For all its complexity this option is the most effective and versatile. Soil development is carried out using a drill bit attached to a constantly expanding pipe - a drill rod or column. Drill bits may have different design, the choice of which depends on the type of overcome in at the moment soil.
Rotary drilling combines rotational and impact effects on the rock. In addition, the design of the drill column allows water or clay solution to be pumped into the well, which erode the soil and significantly speed up the advancement of the tool.
Where to drill
Before starting any work, the hydrogeological situation should be clarified. The best source of information is owners of surrounding plots, especially if they already have wells or have once tried to build them.
The second way is how to properly make a water well, or rather, choose a place for it - search for hydrogeological maps your area, which may be stored in design organizations or relevant departments.
If it was not possible to obtain a clear idea of the presence and nature of aquifers, you will have to take the most expensive step - order exploratory drilling . However, before that you can try one of traditional methods , for example, dowsing, which, according to some evidence, can indicate with acceptable accuracy the presence or absence of water underground.
When choosing a place for a well, you should beware of neighborhoods in the form of septic tanks, cesspools, landfills or livestock farms. If they are still nearby, then they should be at a distance of no closer than 30 m. Of course, the well should be located closer to the house. The optimal distance is 3 m.
Equipment
To drill a well on a site with your own hands, you need to prepare the following elements:
Read about what characteristics and advantages it has in our separate article.
There is a website for comparison of wells and boreholes. All the pros and cons of these water intake sources.
Let's start drilling
Let's give general instructions regarding how to equip a well at your dacha with your own hands:
- A square excavation is made in the ground with plan dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 m - the so-called pit. It is necessary to prevent loose surface soil from falling into the well. The inside of the pit is lined with plywood or boards, and on top of it for ease of carrying out installation work The plank flooring is being laid.
- After installing the installation, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower decks of the pit, after which they begin drilling.
- The drill rod is rotated using a gear motor or manually. At the same time, a support is placed on the bar, and one of the workers strikes it with a hammer. Alternative option: The drill is winched and dropped in a similar manner to cable percussion drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
- In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed below is installed into the well. Like the drill rod, it is gradually built up.
- After quicksand (soil with high moisture), drilling accelerates (the aquifer has begun), and then slows down again. This means that the waterproof layer has been reached and drilling can be stopped.
- A filter column is lowered into the well, after which it begins to be washed with strong water pressure.
- Lowers into the well submersible pump, which they begin to pump out water until it becomes absolutely clean
On final stage to equip a well at the dacha with your own hands, all cavities are filled with a sand-crushed stone mixture, and a pipeline is laid in a trench to the house.
Common Mistakes
The lack of experience of self-taught drillers most often manifests itself in the following:
- The drill is lowered too deep, causing the casing to cross the aquifer. Solution: lift the casing pipe or insert a new, shorter one into it, after which the previously installed pipe should be removed.
- The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, as a result of which the soil below collapsed and the productivity of the well dropped sharply. Solution: remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the required depth.
- The pump was installed too low, as a result of which the well became clogged with sand.
In the latter case, you should remove the pump and, having selected the sand with a bailer, install it correctly. The correct position is determined as follows: the operating pump is gradually lowered until sand is found in the pumped water. After this, the pump is raised slightly until the water it supplies becomes clean. (usually correct position pump - 1-2 m from the bottom).
How to drill a well under water with your own hands and with the help of what equipment you can watch in the video.
Providing a site with water is the first task of its owner. The more ambitious the plans for improving your territory, the more acutely the lack of water supply will be felt. Water is needed to perform construction work, for the garden you are planning to create, and for your own daily needs.
If you make a water well with your own hands, your dream of water supply will not only come true, but will also allow you to save significantly. We will tell you the best way to drill and what kind of projectile you will need independent craftsmen. Taking into account our advice, you can easily arrange your own water source on the site.
There are several real ways to obtain life-giving moisture, which we will tell you about. There are several technologies that can be used to independently extract water in a suburban area.
Choose suitable option you will have to do it yourself, since it depends on the terrain of the area, as well as the technical equipment, finances and skills that you possess. Let's look at the main well structures.
It is difficult to give preference to any one design: each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the choice depends on the landscape of the area and the capabilities of the owner of the site
Abyssinian tube well
If there is a spring on your site, then installing a well is an excellent option for extracting water. The shaft of this structure will act as a liquid storage tank. If the source is active enough, up to 2 cubic meters of water will always be at your disposal.
The Abyssinian well is essentially the same well, but narrow and long. Due to the fact that its length can be approximately 8-12 meters, no pollution from the soil surface gets into the water that fills it.
The Abyssinian well is often called a needle well, because the pipe driven into the ground when creating this structure really resembles a needle
The following video will introduce you to the technology of punching and constructing a needle well, otherwise known as an Abyssinian well:
Sand well (filter)
The deepening of this structure to 15-30 meters is carried out by any method: auger, shock-rope, core. The walls of the well are formed using a pipe with an average diameter of 100 - 180 mm.
The buried end of the wellbore is equipped with a filter. A stainless steel mesh is used as a filter, which is welded or soldered to the first link of the pipe string before immersing it in coarse sand mixed with pebbles.
So you can schematically imagine the design of a well “on sand”, where number 1 is the casing pipe, number 2 is the statistical water level, and number 3 is the mesh filter
This design can satisfy the water requirement of a small country house with two water points. If the operation of the structure is seasonal, it will last about five years. With constant use, you can count on 15 years of water supply.
When the well does silt up, you can try to wash it out. If resuscitation measures do not give the desired effect, a new shaft will have to be drilled. Place it next to the previous one.
Artesian well without filter
This structure does not require a filter. Such a well can reach a depth of 100 meters or more. The water produced using such a structure is contained in limestone cracks. The liquid accumulated in them due to condensation can be not only crystal clear, but also mineralized.
Light mineralization is acceptable for everyday use. If the extracted water is classified as mineral water in its composition, then it cannot be used for domestic purposes.
Diagram of an artesian well: 1 - conductor, 2 - statistical water level, 3 - intermediate column, 4 - production column with perforation
It is difficult to determine in advance the depth of the well that will have to be drilled in search of water. You can only roughly get your bearings by talking with neighbors in the area and asking them what parameters similar structures have on their territories.
The soil layers are uneven, so the information obtained still cannot be considered accurate for your area. For this reason, casing pipes are purchased taking into account the correction of the obtained data.
How is a typical well constructed?
If you don’t focus on the nuances, the essence of installing a water well for a country house is the same: it is a long narrow vertical shaft that reaches the depth of the water. The walls of the mine are reinforced with casing pipes. Wells differ from each other in width, depth and additional devices that increase their productivity and reliability.
In addition to casing, wells are equipped with equipment for forced lifting of liquid and its distribution. To choose the right pumping equipment and storage capacity, you need to know the characteristics of the well, the most important of which is its depth and flow rate.
The flow rate of a well is an indicator of its productivity: the maximum volume of liquid obtained per unit of time. It is calculated in cubic meters or liters per hour or day.
Image gallery
Any summer cottage, private or country house must be provided with water. Most agricultural plants cannot grow without water. In the absence of moisture, the plant will simply dry out, not pleasing the owners with a juicy and tasty harvest. Therefore, a well must be present at a summer cottage. Currently there are simple ways drilling operations that do not require the use of expensive drilling equipment.
Manual drilling of a well is a real opportunity to obtain the water necessary for life without the use of heavy drilling rigs. As a rule, situations arise when creating a well on a summer cottage using special equipment is impossible.
This can happen due to a number of reasons. For example, a narrow space that may arise due to dense buildings houses, as well as under unfavorable terrain and other circumstances. If one of the above cases occurs, then you need to use the construction of a well manual method.
Many people ask the question: how to cut a water well with your own hands? This is quite hard physical work, and it is unlikely that one person can cope with it. Therefore, you need to take care in advance about help, which you can ask from friends or neighbors in your summer cottage.
Manual water well
It is used for construction various technologies. In turn, the life-giving source is divided into types:
- Construction of a well. This method is suitable when near summer cottage there is a good spring. Thanks to the pressure, the well can hold 2 cubic meters of life-giving moisture.
- Filter well. To create it, it is necessary to immerse a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm to a depth of 30 m. This immersion is carried out using a screw. A stainless mesh is installed at the end of such a pipe, which serves to retain small and large fractions of sand when immersed to a depth, usually from 10 to 50 meters. If done correctly, a well can last more than 10 years.
- Without filter. To get water, you need to dive down to porous limestone rocks, which can lie at a depth of 50-100 meters. At correct installation the well will last more than 45 years. It is quite difficult to determine at what depth the limestone rocks lie. The well will be located at the same depth as the wells in neighboring dacha plots. However, such indicators may differ from each other due to the uneven occurrence of the soil. Casing pipes can come to the rescue. They are purchased based on already known parameters from other land plots, but with one difference: they will need to be adjusted to their own soil layer.
What tools are needed?
So, to perform well drilling work you need the following tools:
Characteristics of devices
The first on the list of devices for creating a well is a drilling rig. It is used for digging soil for deep wells. With this design, it became possible to immerse the drill to great depths. You can also lift it together with barbells. If you immerse the device over short distances, you can remove it manually, without using a tower.
What are drill rods? They are made from ordinary pipes, which are connected to each other using threads or, in rare cases, keys. For the manufacture of cutting attachments, sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm or more is used. After their manufacture, it is necessary to sharpen the edges of the nozzles. It should be taken into account that during the rotational movements of the drill mechanism, they must crash into the ground clockwise.
Start of the drilling process
Setting up a well does not take much time and effort. First you need to install the tower. It is located where the future water well will be located. Its height should be several times greater than the length of the drill rod.
This is done to make it convenient to remove the rod when lifting the drill. How to construct a well? We take a bayonet shovel and dig up a small amount of earth to determine the direction of the drilling process. At the first stage, creating a well with a drill is quite simple. The first steps of rotation can be performed by one person, but later, when the pipe is immersed to a greater depth, assistance will be needed. To pull the drill out of the soil, you need to perform counterclockwise movements. If it cannot be removed, you should repeat the procedure again.
How to drill a water well with your own hands?
The more the drill is immersed in the soil, the harder it is to perform. To facilitate the work process, water is used, thanks to which the soil will become soft and advancement will be easy. During the work, it is necessary to bring the drilling structure to the surface. This is done every half meter of advancement and serves to clear the ground. Further drilling occurs according to the same principle. It takes a lot of time to immerse and raise the drill. Therefore, you should try to extract as much soil as possible.
The drilling process continues until the structure reaches the aquifer. It can be determined by the condition of the excavated soil. Next, you need to reach the next layer - the water-resistant layer, which comes after the aquifer. To do this, the device is immersed even lower. Manual drilling of the well reaches the level of 20 meters. This process will ensure maximum water flow into it. It is worth noting that a do-it-yourself well without equipment will only work when immersed to the first aquifer. Another important point— pumping out dirty water. For these purposes, as a rule, two types are used and submersible.
Features of submersible pumps
Such devices are designed for partial or complete immersion in water.
To ensure that the device can operate smoothly for a long time, its body is made of stainless steel. Deep ones have small overall dimensions, which is very important when installed in narrow wells. In addition, they have impressive power. Externally, the pump resembles a long cylinder, usually from 0.5 to 3 m. It is specially designed for a specific well diameter. To install it you must have
After several buckets of dirty water have been pumped out, it is necessary to rinse the location of the water. After this it will become clean. If this does not happen, then you need to use a drill and dive a few more meters. Without equipment, it can also be equipped - using a hydraulic pump or drill.
Percussion-rope drilling
To create a well with your own hands without equipment, you need to mark out the rock using a driving glass. It is a heavy device that falls into the soil from a great height (the height of the drilling structure). To implement this method it is necessary to build a drilling rig, as well as purchase tools for extracting earth from the well and shock-rope equipment. So, an ordinary three-legged structure, which can be made not only from steel elements, but also from wooden logs, can serve as a tower. Its height should be proportional to the size of the impact element.
Let's talk about cable percussion drilling technology. As mentioned earlier, the process is based on lowering the driving glass from the height of the drilling tool. In this case, the driving tool breaks up part of the rock and captures it. With its volume, the soil is extracted from the site of the future well. A steel pipe is used to equip the drilling rig. At its end there is a cutting element that resembles half a turn of an auger.
Will be in direct contact with the soil. There is a hole at a distance of 0.5 meters from the end of the steel pipe. It serves to remove the mined earth and, as a result, clean the drill bit. A cable is attached to its upper part, which is necessary for lowering the mill to a depth, as well as extracting it to the surface along with the contents. The glass must be constantly freed from the ground. It fills every 0.5 m.
Features of laying casing pipes
A do-it-yourself well dug without equipment requires the necessary casing. It is performed using special whole asbestos-cement pipes or individual pieces. If you work with segments, you should pay attention to their diameter. They must be identical so that in the future the immersion of the structure is easy and does not amount to additional problems. The pipe connections must be secured with staples that will be invisible under the strips of steel. They prevent individual elements from slipping.
Why is casing needed?
It serves to prevent the walls from shedding during the rotational movement of the auger, and also prevents clogging of the well. Casing pipes cover the layer where the bad dirty water, and prevent it from entering a clean source.
Shutdown
When the well is ready, it is lowered to its bottom steel pipe with a filter, which is a fine grid that does not allow small and large fractions to pass through, and also ensures water purification. After this, it is secured with a clamp. At this stage, the question of how to drill a water well with your own hands can be considered closed.
The last step is to cover the structure using a caisson. It resembles a cap that serves to protect any contaminants from entering the well. After some time, you can notice the pipe rising. There is no need to worry about this, as this is a natural process that does not require any intervention. Serious changes must be made when the water begins to become contaminated with sand or other rocks.
Positive and negative sides
Advantage manual method is that you can drill a water well with your own hands absolutely anywhere. This repents not only land plot, but also some premises, such as a garage or barn. If you install a water source in any room, the owner of a summer cottage will not have to spend extra money on insulation, or purchase heating equipment. In addition, there is no need to use massive, expensive drilling rigs. A well that was built manually can last a different amount of time. The service life depends on the depth and frequency of use. Therefore, such a source can last for several months or a couple of years. To increase this period, high-quality maintenance is necessary.
The main disadvantages of such a system are the shallow depth and, in some cases, the cost of the work.
The manual method can be several times higher than the mechanical process. In addition, such wells can quickly become clogged, which is a significant problem.
Bottom line
Of course, manual drilling of wells is a complex process. But there is also a significant advantage - low cost of work. Since in this case, one’s own strength is used, and not special drilling equipment. Therefore, we can conclude that this method of drilling wells is the most popular precisely because of its acceptable economic indicators.
So, we figured out how to make a well.