Which septic tank is better - features of choosing a septic tank for home and garden. How to choose a septic tank for a country house - an overview of options Reliable septic tanks for individual houses

A septic tank is a local sewerage device on the site. There are many varieties of systems and types.

These are simple structures made independently, and treatment plants. This article should help you choose the best septic tank for your private home.

The main purpose is the collection, settling and purification of wastewater. Used in places where centralized system- in suburban areas, outside the city.

There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:

by the number of wells;
by material;
for constructive solutions.

Based on the number of wells, there are single-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. The material in the manufacture is steel, reinforced concrete, plastic. According to the design, accumulative, with soil post-treatment, with deep filtration are distinguished.

Cumulative

Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. Waste that enters a hermetically sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid. Organic matter is broken down, and the liquid settles. So that the chambers do not overflow, they should be pumped out periodically.

This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in summer cottages, where accommodation takes place only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.

Important: storage systems should be used with a small amount of wastewater, for example, in summer cottages, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.

In the construction of structures use concrete rings and plastic containers.

With soil treatment

In a house with permanent residence of people and the presence of running water, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid is not only settled, but also additionally purified.

This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned with their own hands every two to three years. To increase this period, use special bacteria. As a result of their activities, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.

There is only one caveat to using this model - the type of soil. It cannot be built on a site with clay soil and with high GWL.

With biological treatment

The decomposition of waste in such an installation occurs in several stages and by various methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and organic matter is biorecycled.

This model is more of a treatment plant equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but it neutralizes up to 95% of drain masses. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with a high GWL. During operation, it does not emit any odors.

The principle of operation of the septic tank is based on the connection to the mains. With an unstable power supply, the station will not be able to work.

anaerobic and aerobic

Bacteria are used in some types of modern sedimentation tanks. In the course of their life, they absorb waste and contribute to the natural treatment of wastewater. According to the principle of work, they are:

aerobic;
anaerobic.

Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify the liquid by 95-98%. At the outlet of the aerobic system, it meets the requirements accepted for technical water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill a reservoir.

An anaerobic septic tank requires constant maintenance. Every two months it is necessary to top up the bioactivator to ensure that the wastewater treatment is at the proper level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.

How to choose

In parallel with the construction of the house, the sewerage system is also being designed. Previously, this was not particularly taken care of, and all the masses simply merged into cesspools.

Later, they began to be replaced by septic tanks - containers for collecting wastewater from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that affect its location on the site.

We take into account the type of soil

The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clayey rock, others are preferable to put in sandy soil.

In the work should follow a few simple rules:

at the location ground water at a depth of one and a half meters it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
on sandy soil, it is preferable to mount a container with biological treatment. The liquid is directly discharged into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
at a high position surface water a variant with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier with the help of improvised means or fixed.

Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in the installation of the sump. At the end of frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clayey rock is equipped with additional metal clamps during installation.

For containers used in clay soils, two filtration fields are arranged. For this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one are, and in the other - a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.

Seasonality and volume calculation

An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence in the country or in your home. When installing a minimum set of plumbing, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.

Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or gravel is poured to the bottom of the drive. Thus, a filtration layer is formed, which cleans the effluents with a 50% result.

For longer stays, you should purchase a compact two-chamber version. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of effluents. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of drain masses does not exceed its standard value.

Important: when purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of its technical characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the number of residents it is designed for.

With permanent residence and sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be prefabricated or built independently from reinforced concrete rings.

With its device, a one- or two-chamber drive and a filter section are combined. Settling tanks are made airtight, and a filtration septic tank with a drainage bottom made of sand and gravel. The liquid is pumped out with a vacuum cleaner from the storage sections, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sump purifies effluents by 90%.

The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.

In the event of the arrival of guests, the volume received should be increased by two thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.

The recommended depth of sedimentation tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, determine their cubic capacity and select required view. With a volume of drains up to 1 m3. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of effluents is more than 10 cubic meters. - three-chamber, with a field for drainage.

A sump with a filtration field combines two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area underground of at least 30 sq. m. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.

With a high occurrence in the groundwater area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four sections: a sump, an anaerobic chamber where large waste decomposes, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.

The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a variety of requests. On sale there are also small options for servicing a family of one or two people, and entire treatment complexes for servicing a summer cottage.

Material for manufacturing

Most models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Often there are products made of stainless steel and fiberglass.

The main advantage of plastic products is their low weight. Their installation does not require the involvement of special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container may float or be subjected to mechanical action of the soil. To protect the structure, concreting the walls of the pit and securing the septic tank with belts are used.

The choice of material of the product depends on its service life and reliability of work:

Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of sedimentation tanks are not subject to destructive corrosion processes. For their installation, it is necessary to involve special equipment.
Metal structures are durable and low cost. But, perhaps, these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material that is strong, light and resistant to temperature changes.

Note: fiberglass products are the most practical in use, have a long service life.

For cleaning structures in country houses, factory-made or home-made sedimentation tanks are used.

Do-it-yourself options from improvised materials are only suitable for cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a house with permanent residence of people, it is better to use a purchased installation, which guarantees a long and safe removal of waste.

The use of a two-chamber device allows for primary wastewater treatment and safe disposal of purified water into the soil.

Service

Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. These works are carried out on their own or with the involvement of specialists.

Simple two-chamber do-it-yourself structures are serviced by the owners of the houses themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settling chamber, replacing microorganisms for the decomposition of organic matter, revision of ventilation and overflow pipes.

Once every three years, the filter layer at the bottom of a leaky chamber should be replaced. This should be carried out, since the bottom is silted, which leads to a deterioration in its operation.

By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of the local sewage system for several years.

If your house is served by a multi-chamber treatment plant, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Local sewerage costs

The cheapest designs are septic tanks or sewers. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will go only to the purchase of a container for wastewater. approximate price septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters - 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.

When arranging a local sewage system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, waterproofing, and the purchase of components for.

The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and gravel, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, the choice of water purification method.

The installations used for deep biological wastewater treatment have a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined blocks, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.

Popular models and principles of operation

two-chamber septic tank with a drainage field. It allows you to make drains cleaner and less likely to use the services of a sewer. The drainage area is up to 30 sq. m. underground areas. Distance from home - at least 30 m;
multi-section sump with biofilter. It is used in the case of permanent residence of a family of 3-4 people in a country house and with a high occurrence of groundwater on the site.

The standard model consists of four sections: the sump itself, a chamber for splitting coarse waste with anaerobic waste, a separator with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank that plays the role of a drainage field.

You can find designs that meet the most diverse requirements of users. It could also be a wastewater treatment plant. Rating:

"Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for giving.

Available in models, the volume of which is from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Cleaning of coarse waste is carried out twice a year. The service life, subject to the rules, is about 50 years.

During installation, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely fasten the structure.

For small dachas with seasonal residence of one or two people use the two-chamber model "Triton-mini".

"Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.

The principle of operation is based on the stage-by-stage purification of wastewater with the help of settling and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, high level of purification, low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.

"Topas". It is a volatile model, as it runs on electricity.

Effluent is treated in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction of the degree of their mineralization, mechanical removal of components. Allows you to clean wastewater by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to irrigate the soil.

In order to pick correct option, you should find out the requirements of his work and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of models offered by different manufacturers.

Useful video

Detailed breakdown:

Everything on the shelves:

When a residential building is being built, then sewage is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device domestic waste first they settle, then they are processed by special microorganisms, and then the effluents are filtered. A huge selection of bio purifiers puts before consumers topical issues, which septic tank is better for giving with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

Bioseptics are a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewer system of a private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewer, that is, at country houses non-permanent residence and country houses.

It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, you need to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help you pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. So let's see how this design works:

Wastewater flows through sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy impurities settle to the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
Then, after the primary settling, the effluents enter the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio-bacteria.
In the third chamber, wastewater is finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a house of permanent or temporary residence, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous purification stations of this type carry out complete water purification, freeing from the need to build filtration fields.

What are the types of septic tanks?

There are many types of local septic tanks that can be used to treat the effluents of a private house: from the simplest do-it-yourself structures to autonomous installations that allow you to purify wastewater to almost 100%.

Treatment plants are classified according to different criteria:

by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
according to the material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
by design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of implemented functions:

Cumulative. Such a utilizer consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. Effluent in a sealed vessel is divided into liquid and solid fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. So that the tanks do not overflow, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house, where they rest only on weekends.
Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bio-activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a seasonal residential building, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
Station for deep purification of sewage masses. This is a tank with three chambers, in which sewage decomposes in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions is biorecycled. Top Models septic tanks of this type are equipped with a compressor. Installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent home. Pumping out will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

In order for the closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for it, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove the ventilation pipe from the post-treatment chamber or connect an air compressor, then you will get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, it is necessary to add special microorganisms to it, which process organic substances with the access of oxygen.

Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms makes it possible to purify waste to the state of process water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is made of bricks, concrete rings or tires. However, such a cleaner is only acceptable for a house with seasonal or periodic residence. For long and safe use it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased version complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.

At the same time, it is not advisable to purchase the most expensive treatment plants, which allow you to drain purified water directly into a reservoir, for private use, but for several households it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity utilizer. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary purification, and the second one filters the liquid and drains it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations use:

ZHB rings. quality reinforced concrete rings they are not subject to corrosion for a long time, they have a large margin of safety, however, their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
Plastic. Reservoirs made of various polymers are light in weight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept upright at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the greatest strength, as well as affordable cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and out. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

for sandy soil it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water immediately merges into the sand. The filtration field is recommended to be placed higher;
in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
in the case of a high line of surface water deposits, the best solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?

The capacity of the effluent utilizer is calculated based on the average daily rate sewage sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters

If guests often come to a country cottage, then the result is increased by 2/3:

2400 * 1.66 \u003d 3900 liters.

The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the end result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a cottage with occasional residence

If households visit the home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber utilizers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sandy layers-filters are poured into such drives, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport norms, then such a design perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
after the processing of organic waste, the water settles and is purified in the well, after which it enters the soil;
storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature extremes;
compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause trouble with unloading;
You can install such a utilizer alone, but it is better to do it together.

Recommendations for selection for a permanent residence

For an average family that permanently lives in a country house, the best option would be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber drive and a septic tank filter. The first two containers (settlers) are sealed, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before descending into the soil.

If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewage services, bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit to choose for a house with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out as little as possible?

A good option in the presence of a high boundary for the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This factory. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:

sump;
an anaerobic chamber for the decomposition of large waste;
separator with a filter with bacteria;
aerobic septic tank (similar to the drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that it offers, and the consumer will face the problem of choosing the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the ranking of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such tanks work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.

Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of pre-treatment of wastewater by settling, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of treated water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter periods. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the capacity once a year.
Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of biomaterial, followed by the supply of purified wastewater to the filtration site. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
BARS-Bio. Optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment plants with a high degree of efficiency.

Tver. This design provides complex wastewater treatment through a multi-chamber system for receiving and treating large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank resists corrosion, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
Leader. The unit of six chambers provides complex purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete cleaning of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, a polymer line that imitates algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping - once every 5 years.
Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high-passing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effect of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.

All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private houses have adequately proven themselves in the field of wastewater treatment, they have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house

In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage line, the owners country houses you have to take care of the arrangement of local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.

Types of septic tanks

The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.

Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.

Sewage storage tanks

Septic tank with cleaning

Biological wastewater treatment

Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150

Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.

On the market are ready-made options various companies, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.

Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use

What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?

Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.

How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
What are the features of the soil?
What is the planned budget?
Is it possible to connect to electricity?
Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?

How many people will live in the house

This setting affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how many drains per day, according to the standard, form one person.

Wastewater stays in the treatment plant for about three days. Therefore, productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bathtub, dishwasher and washing machine.

The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.

If it is planned to live in a house with a small family only in the summer, then the drive will be enough. To service a year-round home, you should choose a cleaning station.

The number of users determines the number of soil-filtered septic tanks. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater is generated per day, it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.

Aeration stations do best with large volumes.

Features of natural conditions

The depth of penetration of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a soil filtration stage that will work effectively only on sandy loams and sands and low GWL.

The scheme of occurrence of groundwater

It is possible to install post-treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.

Depends on the depth of soil freezing design features septic tanks. A large neck allows you to deepen the device. Among the finished products there are options for installation in the ground with a deep point of zero temperatures.

Septic tank with sealed chambers

If you need to install a drive on heavily freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical tanks. But in areas with a nearby primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.

Scheme of installation of a vertical septic tank

With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment plant. True, their cost will be higher.

Local sewerage costs

The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.

The most expensive are prefabricated plastic treatment plants, especially those that aerate wastewater. There are models produced in Russia and proven by users: Topas, Astra. You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biotreatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.

If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil aftertreatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from improvised materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers that cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.

The design of a septic tank from eurocubes

The cheapest option is storage tanks.

For the price finished product also depends on what it is made of.

Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But for their installation it is necessary to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled pipe of large diameter or use eurocubes.

Note! Plastic products are exposed to the ascent under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base, to which the container is attached.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics treatment plant, site parameters. A photo

To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any trouble. With the constant residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drain pit simply cannot cope with the task and it will need an assistant, who can become a septic tank.

What is a septic tank

Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewage system and a special device will be required to remove household water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. Individual models the function of biological treatment is available, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.

What is it needed for

Owners of country houses, when arranging sewage, must ensure that wastewater is treated, taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.

Device

When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay Special attention arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one according to the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:

Sewerage from a private house is collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, while the latter enter the next compartment.
Aerobic purification is not always possible, so anaerobic purification often occurs. Impurities are filtered, and the formed methane is removed by means of an exhaust pipe.

Types of septic tanks for a private house

Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less frequently due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.

Cumulative

Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks often becomes a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where household water flows through pipes, pumped out as it fills. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank right size. This option has a number of features:

Installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
The tank itself for a private house will be expensive, despite the simplicity of the device.
The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, everything needs to be thought out so that the entrance of the sewage truck is unhindered.
It will be expensive to pump out waste, therefore, if domestic water accumulates quickly, then a single-chamber septic tank is not your option!

It is impossible to ensure a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:

Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. There is a separation of large particles and fats that settle on the bottom.
Waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated effluents enter the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
Completely purified water through the secondary sump enters the well.

With post-treatment

Waste that has passed through the septic tank cannot be counted completely clean water, which can be dumped into a pond or soil. Sometimes soil cleaning is indispensable. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, as you will need to install:

absorbent trench,
sand and gravel filter,
filter well,
filter fields.

Septic tanks for the home

It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:

Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
Price: 11328 rubles.
Characteristics: the device pumps out sewage, accumulating them in the tank.
Pros: low price.
Cons: small capacity.

More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:

Title: EcoProm Rostock.
Price: 55900 rubles.
Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
Pros: high degree of purification.
Cons: large dimensions.

There are entire autonomous stations for deep biological treatment. In a private house, they will be appropriate:

Name: Unilos Astra 3.
Price: 66300 rubles.
Characteristics: container for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
Pros: Easy to use, does the job well.
Cons: none.

The cost of installing a septic tank

Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank to filter waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a house, depending on its variety, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary.

Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
Septic tank for a private house - solving problems with sewerage and ridding yourself of unpleasant odors liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.

practical and good option a sewerage device on its site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its intended purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities on modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer in these matters confused. Local installation, included in the sewer system and used to collect, settle and purify polluted water from the home. For normal country house they are of the following types:

Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, Eurocube, etc.,

Settling tanks with post-treatment through the ground,

Installations for deep cleaning.

When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).

Types of septic tanks for a country house

Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures were more popular, which were assembled in stages. Also used cleaning systems from metal. Today, wastewater treatment is most often carried out using ready-made plastic installations. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on the performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.

By type of filtration

The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit into which wastewater flows.

Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)

In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewage machine. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, but the frequent call of machines for cleaning is an expensive “pleasure”. Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.

With soil cleaning - this option defends and cleans drains through a special drainage field.

Model Rostock 1000 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles)

Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the tank itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of treatment in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of operation are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquifers due to poor cleaning through soil filters.

Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.

Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)

In this option, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where power is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal functioning of the installation.

Scheme of operation of a gravity-flow wastewater treatment system

By material

From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is, all year round. They serve for a long time, but need good waterproofing and are quite difficult to install.

Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the groundwater level is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.

Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, compared to plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not so durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.

A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.

The horizontal container has the form of a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with a large amount of wastewater (10 or more cubic meters).

A vertical septic tank burrows deeper than a horizontal tank.

Such products are suitable for installation in a sewerage system with a small amount of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more airtight than the horizontal version.

Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each tank is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.

By location

Underground - a more common version of the design, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site is not affected.

The ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground version due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.

What to consider when choosing a septic tank

In order to choose the right and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.

If the house will be used only during a certain season, then a simpler version of a sewage treatment plant will do.

Water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required performance of the septic tank is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.

Soil characteristics are also taken into account. The possibility of installation on site should be determined. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to the well or well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to a more expensive option - sewage with biological treatment.

The location of the septic tank on the site

At the site where the storage tank is installed, entrances for a sewage truck should be provided.

Best option: resume

To correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and make the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always an appropriate construction option in a particular situation. The optimally selected design model will be the guarantor environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best option sewer capacity will allow you to build a high-quality sewer system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.

Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.

An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.

First: proceed from their number of people who will use the septic tank

Each person will need at least two hundred liters per day, that is, if there are five people in the family, then the septic tank for a three-day stay in it should have a volume of at least three cubic meters.

It is also worth considering the volume of salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you calculate the water consumption incorrectly and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water treatment.

Second: Frequency of use

Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxi" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.

In order to use the septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to bring additional food into the sewer, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank is operating normally.

Third: a way to divert the drain

Usually there are three ways to remove wastewater:

Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. Drains go into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel cushion at the bottom,
In the "stormwater" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is approaching 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your site has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if you have an excessively high level of groundwater,
In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is dumped onto the terrain using a drainage pump.

The discharge of water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.

Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter

You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow Region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.

That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in winter time, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk an accident.

Fifth: Station cost

The Topas and Astra brands are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to design features (one compressor is installed in Topas, and two in Astra), the number of modifications in the depth of the underwater pipe, and the hull material. Bioksi stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of runoff with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.

Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, it is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration unit. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.

How do treatment plants work?

The compressor supplies small air bubbles to the aeration tanks, which cause oxidation. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter or aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary sump, where the effluent is separated into water and sludge, and bacteria are involved in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not necessary. Purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, sludge remains.

Overview of units on the market

Consider the most popular settings.

Topas Station

Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.

His work is based on the combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of domestic wastewater constituents. Biological purification is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to them, the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances occur.

Septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:

Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that leads the drains out of the house,
Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
Septic tank models may have a drainage pump,
In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a holiday village, a camp site, a country community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty inhabitants.

You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thoughtful companies with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.

The positive aspects of using the autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:

A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high level of groundwater, as well as a number of other interesting solutions,
Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station with soil is excluded, extrusion is also impossible,
Very easy to operate, easy to manage by yourself, and no need to spend money on maintenance,
The station is silent
A very high degree of water purification, which allows the discharge of water into reservoirs or into a gutter.

Among the minuses of the Topas brand stations are:

Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to choosing a septic tank for a private house and summer cottage, as well as an overview of the Topas, Tank and Unilos models.

Living in your own home will be comfortable if the owners provide everything for this. the necessary conditions. Few people are already attracted to options with the delivery of buckets of water from a well, with a board toilet on the site. All this is acceptable for dacha conditions with periodic arrivals on weekends, but it looks like a complete anachronism if the family lives in the house permanently. And this means that normal housing should be equipped with water supply and sewerage. Well, if in the village there is the possibility of connecting to the central highways and collectors. But such cases are quite rare, and more often it is necessary to create completely autonomous systems.

How to choose a septic tank - detailed instructions

Water supply is a separate multifaceted topic, and in this case we are interested in the creation of an independent sewerage system. Discharge of untreated wastewater into the environment is strictly prohibited. This means that it is necessary to install special structures or devices for collecting, settling, cleaning, clarifying wastewater. In the practice of private housing construction, the best solution to this issue is the use of special containers - septic tanks. Such an element can be built on its own or purchased ready-made. This publication will discuss how to choose a factory-made septic tank, that is, what criteria for evaluating a product should pay special attention to.

What is a septic tank. The principle of its action

Septic tank - essential element autonomous system sewerage or treatment plant. And, although it is not a complete wastewater treatment scheme in itself, its role is extremely important.

The main purpose of any septic tank is the collection of all sewage from a house (a group of houses), their settling and preliminary biological treatment of varying degrees of depth. The effluents that have passed such a cycle are discharged into ground filtration devices or structures, or are subject to regular pumping using special equipment. In any case, it excludes the ingress of polluted effluents into the environment, representing a chemical and bacteriological hazard to it.

The septic tank has long gained popularity among owners of country houses. This is a much more practical and safe treatment facility than a cesspool, which many summer residents are so accustomed to. The design of septic tanks includes chambers where wastewater is settled, cleaned and recycled. Thus, water becomes safe for the environment. And the principle of operation of septic tanks is that from the house they lay sewer pipes and connect to the device.

A septic tank for a summer residence periodically requires cleaning. Depending on the type of construction, cleaning is carried out every one to five years. A septic tank will be a suitable option for sewerage in a suburban area. You will find detailed information on installing, conducting and connecting sewers in a private house at http://marisrub.ru/uslugi/inzhenernye-sistemy/kanalizatsiya.

Released today different kinds septic tanks for a country house, which differ in performance and volume, material of manufacture and other parameters. Let's find out the selection rules and consider the rating of septic tanks for a country house.

Types of septic tanks

They produce volatile and autonomous septic tanks, models of horizontal and vertical arrangement, devices that differ in the type of work. In the latter case, accumulative models are distinguished, devices with soil filtration and deep cleaning.

A storage septic tank is the most affordable option, representing an improved cesspool. Wastewater enters the tank and is separated into fractions into storage tanks. The septic tank is cleaned as it fills up.

This model is characterized by availability, easy installation and low cost. However, they are not very user-friendly and require frequent cleaning. The accumulative design is suitable for giving, which is used for seasonal living and housing.

Septic tanks with soil filtration and post-treatment are suitable for those who constantly live outside the city. In such a device, wastewater is cleaned, and not only accumulated and divided into fractions. Structures with post-treatment can be cleaned once every two to three years. By the way, to increase the time between cleanings, special bacteria additives are used for septic tanks.

The design with soil post-treatment consists of two chambers. Such models are characterized by ease of use and maintenance, but they are not suitable for installation in areas with clay soil and elevated groundwater levels.

Septic tanks with deep cleaning purify and disinfect water by 90-100%, so drains without the risk of pollution environment disposed of in the ground. The system is distinguished by versatility and a high level of wastewater treatment, no odors and easy installation.

A septic tank with deep biological treatment does not require regular cleaning and constant monitoring of the operation of the device. Cleaning is carried out no more than once every five years. it suitable option for a country cottage in which they live permanently. Among the minuses, we note the high cost of equipment and installation, but there are practically no additional costs during subsequent operation.

In addition, septic tanks are divided according to the type of material. The equipment is made of plastic, metal, brick and other raw materials. The most affordable and popular are plastic models, which are characterized by high strength and tightness, a light weight and installation, corrosion resistance. But when installing such a design, there is a risk that the container will suffer when the soil moves.

Brick septic tanks will not provide proper sealing, so additional waterproofing is required during installation. But reinforced concrete septic tanks will become a reliable device that will last a long time. Experts do not recommend installing metal models, as they are prone to corrosion, which reduces the lifespan.

How to choose the right septic tank for a summer residence

If a suburban area located in warm regions or in middle lane Russia, choose plastic products. For the northern and cold regions, it is better to choose reinforced concrete structures that tolerate frost, temperature extremes and humidity;
For year-round living in a country house, a septic tank with deep biological treatment is well suited; for seasonal stays in the country, standard accumulative models are more often used;
Each model is characterized by a certain performance. You can easily calculate the desired performance by multiplying 200 liters by the number of people who permanently live in the house. Where 200 liters is the approximate volume of water that one person uses per day;
If the house has two or more bathrooms, then the volume of the tank should be larger. Consider how many people permanently live in the room. So, for a one-story house with one bathroom and with 3-5 people living all year round, a septic tank with a volume of 2-3 m3 is suitable;
Examine the characteristics and opinions about the work of the model. Next, we list best septic tanks for a country house: rating, which is based on reviews of buyers and experts.

Top 10 septic tanks for summer cottages

Brand	Description	Volume (l)	Productivity (l/day)
Tank	Autonomous durable and reliable plastic septic tank for any type of soil, easy installation and affordable price, will last more than 50 years. Requires cleaning only once every 4-5 years. Suitable for both seasonal and permanent residence	1200;	600;
Triton	Autonomous plastic device with a service life of about 50 years, high tightness and affordable price, easy installation and compact dimensions. The best option for a country house, requires cleaning every 1-2 years	750;	250;
Tver	plastic septic tank, simple design, easy installation, suitable for any soil, but depends on electricity, reasonable price. Ideal for country cottages	3000;	750;
Poplar	A durable plastic model that can withstand frost down to -30 degrees and will easily last 50 years, works without pumping and smell, depends on electricity. Suitable for large cottages and industrial premises	2500;	650;
Topas	Compact and unpretentious device works without pumping, easy installation and service life of about 50 years, simple maintenance	2300;	800;
Ecopan	Stable and reliable septic tank, suitable for problematic soil, cleaning with a pump, works autonomously. Service life over 50 years, high resistance to corrosion. Suitable for country houses and small cottages	4200;	500;
aqua bio	Easy to install and easy to maintain device for holiday homes and seasonal living, hermetic and durable, low price, but not suitable for soil with high water tables	2000;	700;
Unilos	An efficient plastic septic tank without pumping out, runs on electricity, but a process is provided for operation during power outages	1700;	1000;
Leader	Stable and durable design, easily tolerates overload due to contaminated effluents, does not require the use of bio-additives, is powered by electricity	3600;	500;
Yubas	Monolithic housing, requires frequent cleaning, easy operation and maximum treatment of the most polluted wastewater, too expensive for small country houses	2400;	1000;

Experts call the Tank the best autonomous septic tank. Among devices that depend on electricity, Topol collected the most positive feedback. But remember that the choice is influenced by the amount of water consumed and the number of bathrooms, the type of residence in a country house and the characteristics of the soil.

Experienced craftsmen will tell MariSrub which septic tank to choose for a summer residence. We will select a durable and airtight model, perform installation reliably and promptly, connect sewerage and other engineering systems in a private house.

Already in the early stages of the project wooden house we carry out the necessary calculations for the installation of each engineering system, including water supply and sewerage, ventilation and electrical wiring, heating. As a result, you get a reliable system that will work for many years without problems!