How to clean a double-circuit boiler from scale. Option #3: hydrodynamic cleaning. Video materials to help the novice master

Comfort of private home owners, especially in winter time, directly depends on the serviceability of the heating system, and the flawless operation of the heating boiler is guaranteed only if all its parts are contained in in perfect order. Sometimes the functioning of equipment is disrupted for a very trivial reason - due to contamination of some parts, for example, a gas water heater or a heat exchanger. Let's consider whether it is possible to clean a gas boiler on your own and whether it is safe.

Pipes through which hot liquid circulates sooner or later inside covered with plaque. This process is reminiscent of the deposition of lime on the walls of a kettle: the thicker the layer of scale, the slower it heats up. Salt deposits on the walls of the heat exchanger can cause problems.

This is what heat exchanger pipes clogged with scale will look like (sectional view) if preventive maintenance and cleaning of internal channels are not carried out regularly

Are these troubles really that big? See what awaits you if you do not flush the lines in a timely manner:

Overheat. The gas boiler is designed in such a way that the coolant, during the reverse movement, must cool the internal parts of the heating elements. Limescale deposits interfere with proper cooling, so the equipment can break down at any time.
Breakage of important parts. For example, a narrowing of the pipe diameter leads to an increase in the maximum load on the circulation pump, as a result of which it can also fail.
Increased fuel consumption. Due to deposits, the thermal conductivity of the pipes decreases sharply, and more energy is required to heat the liquid as required, that is, gas consumption increases. Accordingly, operating costs gas boiler will also grow.

To avoid these troubles, it is necessary to wash regularly.

The frequency of the procedure depends on the liquid that is used as a coolant. Suppose a heating system using antifreeze requires cleaning approximately once every 2 years, while you need to monitor the quality of the liquid and, if necessary, completely replace it. Pipes in which purified water circulates should be washed once every 3-4 years. The higher the hardness of the liquid, the more frequent the cleaning measures.

Heat exchanger flushing methods

When choosing a washing method, they usually rely on their own capabilities and knowledge. Let's look at three generally accepted methods.

Method #1 - manual cleaning

To perform this, it is necessary to carefully remove the heat exchanger from the boiler, otherwise there will be no free access to contaminated surfaces. Next, select or mechanical cleaning, or washing with solutions. To remove deposits mechanically, you will need a scraper, brush and vacuum cleaner. For flushing, which is good for double-circuit boilers, use a salt-dissolving liquid.

At manual way All cleaning actions must be careful and careful. When installing the heat exchanger in place, you should carefully check the tightness of the connections.

After removing the heat exchanger from the boiler body, you will understand that the inner surface of its main part - the curved pipe - needs to be cleaned, and it will be extremely problematic to perform a full cleaning manually

Method #2 - chemical solution through a booster

It implies the use special equipment– a booster, with the help of which an acidic washing solution is pumped into the heat exchanger. It is passed through the pipes several times over a long period of time; as a result, the deposit dissolves and is removed along with the flushing liquid. As a result, throughput and thermal conductivity indicators increase. Even the most persistent contaminants - salt deposits of carbonate and deposits of ferric iron - can be treated with an acidic solution. The remaining acid in the pipes is neutralized with a special solution, which is finally released into the heat exchanger.

Method #3 - hydrodynamic flushing

Does not require equipment disassembly. It consists of pumping in water (in some cases with an abrasive filler) and then pumping up pressure. The movement of fluid at increased speed causes the destruction of deposits, which are eventually discharged. There is a danger of exceeding critical pressure levels, which could result in pipe rupture.

It is not recommended to clean the heat exchanger yourself. The best solution– contact professionals who are certified to work with gas equipment. Knowing the cleaning methods and sequence, you will be able to control the work of specialists.

Prevention and repair of gas equipment by specialists guarantees that high-quality equipment, proven materials, safe technologies will be used - and all this in compliance with standards

Cleaning the boiler from soot

Along with cleaning the chimney, the channels of the gas boiler itself are also cleaned. If the chimney becomes dirty and there are problems with draft, the equipment is automatically switched off. If soot accumulates inside the boiler, shutdown does not occur, and residents of the house may be poisoned by combustion products. In addition, contaminated equipment does not function fully, so it is recommended to carry out the cleaning procedure annually, especially for boilers operating year-round.

Disassembly and soot removal

To remove the boiler parts and clean them, you will need a simple set of tools:

screwdriver;
brushes (soft and for metal);
brush;
open-end wrenches (No. 8-17);
rags.

By following the steps described sequentially, you can completely clean the internal parts of the gas water heater and prevent an accident or smoke in the room.

Any tools that can be used to remove limescale With metal surface, and you can’t do without wrenches

So, the first thing to do is turn off the gas. Then remove the boiler door and disconnect the wire leading to the piezoelectric element. Then we unscrew the thermocouple, the ignition electrode and the pilot burner tube one by one. It is better to mark the position of the nozzle in the burner so as not to disturb the setting. The gasket located under the pilot burner should be replaced with a new one. Carefully take out the nozzle, the copper tube, and then the burner, unscrewing the set of clamps.

To unscrew the nut fixing the copper tube, a wrench No. 17 is suitable, to remove the ignition electrode - No. 10, to unscrew the screws securing the pilot burner - a flat screwdriver

Having taken out the thermometer sleeve, remove the boiler lid along with the insulating sheet. Then we take out the gas duct, having first disconnected the terminals from the traction sensor. Clean the swirlers removed from the heat exchanger with a brush. Similarly, we clean the base and outer part of the heat exchanger. We blow out the internal channels with a vacuum cleaner.

To clean the burner we use brushes and a brush. The flue must be wiped from all sides. Cleaning the nozzle requires special attention: it is enough to clean the outer surface with a brush, and for the hole you will need a thin needle, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the hole. If you accidentally increase the width of the hole, the combustion mode will be disrupted.

All elements of the heat exchanger, internal and external, must be cleaned with a stiff metal brush. It is convenient to remove settled dust and lime residues with a vacuum cleaner and a damp cloth

The brush is ideal for cleaning plaque from internal surfaces of any shape - heat exchanger elements, copper tubes. How longer handle. the more convenient it is to reach hard-to-reach places

Reassemble in reverse order

We return the main burner, copper tube and nozzle to their place. Then we install the pilot burner on the new gasket, after cleaning it with a metal brush. When connecting the ignition electrode, it is better not to use a key, but to act manually so as not to damage the ceramic base. We also fix the remaining parts in their places. As a control test, we use soaping of the compounds. Tightness of fixation copper tubes and burners can only be checked during switching on.

When assembling the pilot burner, one rule to remember is that the tip of the thermocouple should be located opposite the place where the flame appears.

Preventive and cleaning work better to do it the day before heating season. In any case, the parts will be covered with soot, which accumulates over time, so the procedure for cleaning the elements of a gas boiler is very important– both for the efficient functioning of the boiler itself and for the safety of the residents of the house. And we remind you once again - it is better to entrust any work with gas equipment to specialists!

We noticed that recently there have been problems with heating and supply hot water? One of the likely reasons for this may be improper operation of the heat exchanger, which, as you know, is one of the main components of any gas boiler. After washing it, this problem should disappear.

Causes and types of contamination of heat exchangers of gas boilers

The most common cause of their contamination is deposits on the surface resulting from the operation of boilers. As a rule, the formation of plaque is associated with an increased content of salts and metals in the water. These deposits contribute to the blockage of passages, as a result of which thermal processes are much worse. The scale that forms when heating water contributes to malfunctions in boilers, poor water heating, etc.

Types of errors in the operation of gas boilers

malfunctions of boilers, software failures;
poor water heating;
greater gas consumption with less heating.

If you notice that software malfunctions have begun to occur in the operation of the equipment, you should first of all check the control panel and identify problems. If such a check does not give the expected results, then we can say with 99.9% accuracy that failures occur as a result of deposits and scale on the heat exchanger. In this case, the boiler can be washed by disassembling it completely or without disassembling it using chemical reagents. As practice shows, the least expensive is the first method of cleaning the boiler manually. For these purposes you will need a brush and a vacuum cleaner.

Manual cleaning process

The very first thing you will need to do is turn off the gas and electricity supplies for safety reasons. Next, in order to gain access to the inside of the boiler, you will have to remove the front front cover. As practice shows, this process is not at all complicated and any user can cope with this task. As a rule, the front cover of a gas boiler is secured with four bolts.

The combustion chamber has additional protection, which must be removed, and then proceed to removing the combustion chamber cover.

After opening the combustion chamber, use a vacuum cleaner to thoroughly clean it. As for the burners and nozzles located in its lower part, you need to wipe them with a wet cloth, but if these elements are heavily soiled, you need to clean them with a brush. Your main task will be to improve the gas flow through the nozzles, and to do this, clean them as much as possible. To wash the heat exchanger, you will need to remove it; depending on the model and manufacturer, the methods for removing it may differ. The most important thing is that this is not at all difficult to do and even an inexperienced user can cope with this task.

Flushing the gas boiler and its heat exchanger

Washing must be carried out both inside and outside. For these purposes, it is necessary to fill the basin cold water, to which you add special anti-scale and corrosion agents, and then immerse the heat exchanger in it. After it has been there for some time, it must be washed under pressure of water, both inside and outside, and thereby remove any remaining contaminants. If the parts are very heavily soiled, you should use a brush to remove them. Typically after thorough cleaning appearance The heat exchanger and boiler are significantly improved. After this, you can begin assembling the boiler in reverse order.

How to properly clean a floor-standing gas boiler yourself

First of all, the gas supply is turned off and the boiler door is removed; as a rule, it is bolted and can be located either on the front side of the boiler or on its back. Next, carefully disconnect the piezoelectric element wire and remove the thermocouple. Before you remove the nozzles, it will be very important to make marks on them that will indicate the depth of their immersion into the burner, since if this is not done, you can lose the basic settings. Next, you should unscrew the boiler ignition system, as well as the tube fastening. We unscrew all the nuts securing the boiler lid and remove the lid itself. Next, you should remove the gas duct and carry out the cleaning itself. After cleaning has been carried out, you will need to reassemble the boiler in the reverse order, but first lubricate the joints and pipe fastenings soap solution to check for possible gas leaks.

Cleaning a gas boiler by flushing

This method involves soaking the components of the heat exchanger in a variety of special mixtures and solutions. Here the main requirement is extreme care in order not to lose or damage small details. After washing, you can begin reassembly, but you need to focus on the tightness of its parts and components. This is especially true for pipe joints and fastenings.

Cleaning a gas boiler using a chemical solution

With the help special device“booster”, a special mixture is pumped into the system, which includes acid, which is used to flush the boiler. This cleaning method is considered one of the most effective, due to the fact that it allows for maximum removal of contaminants and increases the throughput capacity of the boiler. After this, a special solution is poured in to neutralize the acid.

Hydrodynamic cleaning

Another method that is also very popular in the market. Its main feature is simplicity, since you do not have to disassemble the gas boiler at all. Its disadvantage is the financial investment for the purchase of special equipment, which is attached to the water supply and increases its pressure, as a result of which, mechanically Boilers are being cleaned.

How often should boilers be flushed?

Many owners of gas boilers are wondering how often they need to be flushed and cleaned. Crucial in this matter is the quality of the water supplied to your home. If you have a high-quality filter installed and the water is not hard, then it is enough to carry out such washing once every four years. If the water in your water supply is saturated with salts, you need to flush the boilers once a year. It is very important to keep the surface of the equipment clean in order to avoid increased gas consumption. In addition, you need to check the water level in the boiler and the water pressure in the system.

Video

Photo: gidotopleniya.ru, proekt-tmn.ru, boyler.org.ua

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Most homeowners who use single- and double-circuit gas water heating systems do not think about maintaining their boilers and operate them for ten years without performing any cleaning measures. But at one fine moment, as a rule, in the middle of the heating season, it suddenly turns out that the power of the unit has become insufficient to heat the home, although there was no such problem before - the scale and soot that have accumulated in your heater over the years have made themselves felt. The purpose of our article will be to reveal the question of how and with what to flush the heat exchanger of a gas boiler and when it should be done.

Frequency of maintenance and cleaning of a gas boiler

At the very beginning, we note that doing preventative maintenance on heating equipment is always simpler and easier than eliminating faults that appear in the middle of winter cold. The heat exchanger of a gas unit is no exception, which for prevention, you can wash the inside once every 2 - 3 years, depending on the hardness of the water used. If there is a water heating circuit for DHW, it is also advisable to wash the secondary heat exchanger for the boiler once every 2 years, since unprepared water passes through it tap water, leaving scale, as in the image.

As for removing soot from the outer surface of the heat exchanger, cleaning a gas boiler depends on many factors, such as operating mode, quality natural gas, the presence of filters on the fuel pipeline, and so on. But by regularly cleaning the boiler internally, you cannot help but pay attention to its appearance and, of course, you will not bring it to such a deplorable state as in the photo.

Because of this, the efficiency of the boiler can drop by 40-50% due to a thick coating of soot on the outside and internal channels half clogged with scale. At the same gas consumption, the heater efficiency will become 40% and your house will be cold in winter. But since calling a specialist for this event will cost you a pretty penny, you can clean the gas boiler at home yourself.

Cleaning and rinsing methods

There are two ways to service the heat exchangers of a water heating installation, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages:

with disassembling the unit and removing the water heater;
without disassembly.

The first method will cost you less, but you will have to be patient and spend much more time. In addition, you will need a minimum set of tools, the composition of which depends on the design of the boiler.

If you need to clean a floor-standing boiler with a fire tube heat exchanger, then to remove soot you cannot do without disassembling it; however, it will not be possible to completely remove the heat exchanger; you will only have to free access to it by removing gas burner device and a cover with a chimney. How to perform the procedure correctly is shown in the following video.

When we are talking about a wall-mounted gas boiler, in order to remove the heat exchanger, you need to disconnect the boiler from electrical network and carry out measures to empty both circuits and the expansion tank. If special fittings are not provided for this, then you should turn off the water supply in the house, close the taps on the heating system pipelines and, alternately unscrewing them from the boiler pipes, drain the water into the prepared container.

Then the front metal casing and the panel with controls are unscrewed. Procedure in various models can be produced in different ways, but its essence remains the same - to open access to the heating elements. Next, the secondary heat exchanger for the gas boiler is removed; it is usually attached to the frame with two hexagon bolts. The main heater is more difficult to remove; this will require disassembling the combustion chamber.

It is best to treat the removed elements externally with special products designed to remove carbon deposits and soot from heat exchangers and chimneys. There is a wide selection of such products on sale, here the choice is entirely yours. Of course, you can also use regular detergents, but such a solution is irrational; high-quality chemical cleaning of the heat exchanger is preferable. After all, this is not why you spent so much effort disassembling it once in 2 or 3 years in order to wash the heater with kitchen dish gel.

Internal surfaces, unlike external ones, can be thoroughly washed with a solution of citric acid, which is not too aggressive, but does an excellent job of removing plaque. If the scale layer is significant, then you will have to build a washing installation. Its task is to circulate the cleaning solution through the heat exchanger for several hours. To clean the heat exchanger from scale, use an 8-10 liter container and a pump with two hoses connected to the heater pipes.

Here you can use a conventional circulation pump for heating systems. Again, this way flushing is carried out without disassembling the boiler; you just need to connect the hoses to the appropriate

Conclusion

Periodic maintenance of heating elements should not be ignored, so that later you do not have to solder or repair the heat exchangers of gas boilers. After all, if the heater does not warm up the house properly, you will begin to increase its power to the maximum, and this can lead to burnout of the metal. The exception is cast iron heaters, but they also require timely cleaning.

Let's imagine an ordinary kettle instead of a boiler: every day water is poured into it, heated, the water is poured into another container and again in a circle. Over time, scale forms on the walls of the kettle and the water heats up more slowly. The same thing happens in the boiler heat exchanger: a sediment of various impurities appears on its walls - salt, lime and others.

If regular, hard water is used in the mains, scale will form faster. Therefore, washing boiler heat exchangers is regular and mandatory procedure. If it is not carried out, you may encounter the most unpleasant problems.

What does this mean:

Firstly, the heat exchanger will overheat. If you look at the design of gas boilers, you can see that the coolant that comes from the return line must cool the internal cavities of the heating elements. Scale reduces cooling efficiency, causing the heat exchanger to fail faster.
Secondly, an increase in gas consumption. The mineral deposits that make up the scale have lower thermal conductivity, so it will take more energy to heat the water. This will increase gas consumption and, therefore, increase the cost of operating the boiler.
Thirdly, boiler breakdown. Due to the fact that scale impedes the passage of coolant, the load on the circulation pump increases and it fails.

How often should you do this?

The frequency of boiler flushing depends entirely on the quality of the liquid used in the line.

If in heating system antifreeze is used, the boiler needs to be cleaned every 2 years. In addition, the boiler owner must strictly monitor the expiration date of the antifreeze and carry out mandatory replacement when it expires.

When using purified water - once every 4 years. Use regular running water undesirable, since its hardness index is much higher than purified water.

Remember that without regular cleaning, the efficiency of the boiler will gradually decrease!

Heat exchanger flushing methods

There are several methods for flushing boiler heat exchangers. Let's look at them.

Manual cleaning

The simplest and effective method which you can do yourself. To do this, you need to completely remove the heat exchanger from the boiler. You can clean it in two ways:

Mechanical cleaning - removing plaque and other mechanical particles using a vacuum cleaner, scraper or metal brush.
Washing - soaking the heat exchanger parts in various solutions. This method is best for double-circuit boilers, since their channels are most susceptible to contamination.

The only condition for manual cleaning- accuracy and attentiveness. When assembling the boiler special attention attention should be paid to its tightness.

Chemical cleaning

Its essence is that, using a special device (booster), a solution for acid washing is pumped into the system. It is driven through a heat exchanger and completely cleans it within a few hours.

This method is most suitable for cases when you need to remove the most persistent species scales such as ferric iron and carbonate salt deposits. After removing acidic compounds, a solution should be poured into the system to neutralize the effect of the acid.

Hydrodynamic cleaning

For this type of flushing, the gas boiler does not need to be disassembled. Using a special installation, water (sometimes with admixtures of abrasive particles) is pumped into the main line and its pressure is injected. Thus, the water begins to circulate faster, and the scale is removed by mechanical action. This is a fairly effective, but expensive way to flush the heat exchanger.

At first glance, flushing the heat exchanger does not look like something prohibitively difficult and it seems that everything can be done with your own hands. However, you should remember that you will have to deal with caustic chemical solutions and use sophisticated equipment. When hydrodynamic cleaning, it is necessary to constantly monitor the pressure in the line, since critical readings may cause the heat exchanger to rupture.

Therefore, of course, it is best to entrust this matter to a specialist with special access to this type of activity.

Be attentive to the condition of your heating equipment and carry out regular checks and cleanings. If you comply with these requirements, you will not only significantly save on energy and the cost of replacing expensive spare parts, but also increase the service life of your equipment.

A heating boiler, like almost any technological equipment operating in difficult conditions, requires periodic maintenance. One of the most important operations carried out during the maintenance of a gas boiler is cleaning its heat exchanger.

Why is this necessary?

Heat exchanger It is a metal (or cast iron) box with a built-in radiator, which is heated from the outside by a burner flame and transfers heat to the liquid flowing inside. If the heat exchanger is clean, then it operates with maximum efficiency, transferring almost all the energy received for heating. However, over time, various impurities begin to settle on the walls of the internal channels, which are compounds of salts dissolved in the coolant (scale). Education is especially intensive lime deposits occurs in the secondary heat exchanger of a double-circuit boiler if hard water is used in the DHW line.

Such contamination of the heat exchanger channels can lead to a number of unpleasant consequences:

Reduced boiler efficiency. Mineral deposits have much lower thermal conductivity than metal, so heating water will require much more energy. Accordingly, gas consumption will also increase.
Heat exchanger overheating. The operating diagram of gas boilers assumes that the coolant coming from the return line cools the internal cavities heating element. When scale appears, cooling efficiency drops, the heat exchanger overheats and quickly fails.
Breakdown of heating equipment. Mineral deposits on the inner walls of heat exchangers make it difficult for coolant to pass through them. This creates an additional load on the circulation pump, which will quickly exhaust its resource if the narrowed channels are not cleaned in time.

Thus, timely flushing of the heat exchanger will help save significant money, preventing the breakdown of expensive components and ensuring the minimum required fuel consumption.

Frequency of cleaning the heat exchanger

IN different sources you can find quite conflicting information about how often cleaning should be done various elements heating boilers. As a rule, maintenance intervals are given in the instructions for a specific model. However, it must be borne in mind that these data are approximate and are designed for use in the most favorable conditions. In reality, flushing the heat exchangers may be required more often.

You can assess how badly the heat exchanger is clogged by several indirect signs that accompany the operation of a gas boiler:

Gas consumption has increased significantly. Practice shows that the increase in fuel consumption due to deposits inside the heating element can reach 15%;

This is what the heat exchanger looks like after intensive use

The performance of the heating system has decreased. Long heating of radiators, low temperature coolant in the return, a burner that is constantly on - all this may indicate that it is time to flush the heat exchanger;

Low pressure in the tap. barely warm water in the DHW system they also often talk about possible problems heat exchangers of a double-circuit boiler;

Heavy load on the circulation pump, noise or obvious signs interruptions in its operation are also a signal that the system needs to be flushed.

The design of modern boilers is designed for long-term use, and the cost of spare parts for them is quite high. Therefore, cleaning the heat exchanger should be done immediately when the symptoms described above appear. Otherwise, the cost of maintaining heating boilers may increase significantly.

Methods for cleaning heat exchangers

The heat exchanger can be flushed in different ways. Next we will look at them in more detail, and at the same time we will note how to clean the heat exchanger of a double-circuit boiler, which is especially susceptible to the formation of organic deposits.

Manual cleaning

To solve the problem using this method, the heat exchanger must be completely removed from the boiler in order to gain free access to it. After this, it can be cleaned with various tools:

Mechanical cleaning. You can remove plaque from the inner surface using a stiff metal brush or a special scraper;
Flushingin special formulations. Most often, heat exchanger parts are soaked in an acid washing solution. This method is especially effective for removing heavy contamination, for example, in the channels of double-circuit gas boilers.

The manual cleaning method is simple and effective. It can be used to clean the heat exchanger yourself. The only note is that you must be careful when working with the sealing elements of boilers and ensure that all connections are tight.

Hydrodynamic cleaning

Flushing the heat exchangers of a gas boiler can be carried out without disassembling it.

Hydrodynamic cleaning is a process of mechanical removal of scale from the walls of pipelines using water jets high pressure, which sometimes contain impurities of small abrasive particles.

This procedure is carried out using special installations that pump pressure up to one and a half thousand bar into the lines. This is the most effective, although quite expensive, way to clean heat exchangers.

Chemical cleaning

Chemical washing of gas boiler elements involves introducing an acid washing solution into the system using a special device called a booster. This solution is then run through a heat exchanger for several hours and cleans it. This method allows you to remove the most difficult types of deposits - carbonate scale and ferric iron.

Heat exchanger before and after cleaning

To the disadvantages chemical cleaning This may include the high cost of the reagent, wear and tear of the metal, and a large volume of toxic waste.

Liquids for flushing heat exchangers

In conclusion, we will consider the question of how to flush the heat exchanger of a gas boiler. Despite the abundance of recommendations in various sources, some care must be taken in choosing a cleaning product.

Many experts recommend using hydrochloric acid for washing. It removes scale really well, but is a rather aggressive compound that can damage the protective coating on the inner surface of the heat exchanger.

In addition, there is evidence that washing with hydrochloric acid can cause metal brittleness.

Less dangerous for the heat exchanger material is citric acid. It copes well with all types of deposits, as well as special reagents: DETEX, Cillit, Sanax and others.

Timely and proper care maintenance of heating system elements will increase its service life and reduce the cost of maintaining operability. Cleaning the heat exchanger, as one of the most important operations performed when maintenance boilers will make the most significant contribution to this process.