Types of decorative plaster for walls. Venetian lining. Work methodology

The final stage of the repair of the premises is the decoration of the walls. One of the most popular finishing materials is called decorative plaster. Demand creates supply! Today, in building materials stores, buyers are offered big choice quality putty. So what are the types decorative plaster for walls are presented in assortment?

Depending on the variety of the main connecting element, decorative putty is classified into several subgroups.

Mineral

The main binder is cement. Mineral plaster is produced in the form of dry mixes. To obtain a solution, it is necessary to mix the dry mixture with water (the appropriate proportions must be indicated on the factory packaging). Using construction mixer or conventional drill with a special nozzle, the solution is mixed with a homogeneous consistency.

The key qualities are the hypoallergenicity of the material used, moisture resistance, strength, good air circulation and low cost. Unfortunately, after a certain period, cracks and chips may occur.

Acrylic

Acrylic resin (high molecular weight polymer) is the main component of this type of putty. Due to its elasticity and strength after application, it is in great demand among repair teams. One of the key features is that acrylic plaster is sold as a ready-to-use mix. Applied to different surface: concrete, aluminum, brick and wood. However, it was not without drawbacks. During operation, it was noted that the acrylic type putty is characterized by low vapor permeability, and also loses its properties and cracks under the influence of active UV rays.

silicate

Connects the elements of liquid glass. It is implemented in finished form, which is very convenient to use. Due to the component composition unsafe for human health, it is used exclusively for decorating the appearance of building facades. It is difficult to work with silicate plaster, the mixture dries quickly.

Despite some shortcomings, it has the following positive qualities: no special care is required, it is easy to clean with plain water, a high degree of fire resistance, elasticity, resistance to UV rays, dust and various contaminants.

Silicone

The basis of silicone putty is synthetic resin. A ready-made mixture of various colors is sold in specialized hardware stores. It is very popular and is used as a material for exterior and interior decoration.

The mass is so easy to use, even a novice master can easily handle it. It has a good degree of elasticity and high level moisture resistance. The disadvantages include the cost of the product. Among all the above types of plaster for walls, this option is the most expensive.

Types of plaster by type of filler

Modern putty on a decorative basis may differ in the type of filler.

Textured

The basis of this material is dominated by mineral chips of marble and granite types, mica, small stones, wood and linen fibers. It is widely used for interior decoration, as well as for decorating brick, wooden and concrete walls from the outside of the building. Key Features– elimination of various irregularities on surfaces.

Textured finishing options have a number of advantages: high moisture resistance and breathability, beautiful and stylish design. It is possible to imitate the texture of genuine leather, wood, natural stone and fabrics. The price range is designed for a buyer with an average income level.

Structural

A thin-layer material with a non-uniform granular texture. The basis is a silicate or acrylic mixture. It is characterized by high impact resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to various kinds of mechanical stress and temperature extremes. Craftsmen consider it an excellent material for decorating corridors and bathrooms.

Also applicable for exterior facades, country houses, gazebos, fences and gates.

Venetian

A mixture of homogeneous structure with the addition of lime and marble chips was popular in ancient Rome. At first glance at the wall, decorated with Venetian putty, one gets the impression that marble and onyx were used as the finishing material. For an ideal appearance, it is necessary to apply about 5-6 layers.

Each layer is applied in a thin layer. Venetian plaster requires special professionalism and experience, not every master is able to qualitatively finish the walls with this material.

Specific species

In addition to the types of putties described above, there are many other types of plaster used for interior and exterior surfaces. Less popular, but no less practical and unique, are the following options:

Flock. Due to the addition of cellulose and silk fibers, the wall resembles a delicate silk fabric. It has excellent moisture resistance and sound insulation.
Roller. Roller plaster, consisting of natural materials of various sizes, gives the walls an original appearance. After complete drying, recesses in the form of an interweaving of channels are visible.
African. Suitable for interior decoration in ethnic style. Visually resembles the skin of a crocodile or snake. For greater effectiveness of the result, coating with varnish, paints, glitter or wax is allowed.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Due to the special texture, excellent performance and a wide variety of assortment, decorative plaster has won the sympathy of many designers.

Key benefits include:

leveling of irregularities;
elimination of defects (cracks, chips, indelible dirt) on the walls;
excellent sound-absorbing characteristics;
moisture resistance and resistance to temperature extremes;
good breathability;
the ability to create an original and stylish design;
resistance to mechanical stress;
durability;
variety of material textures.

Decorative plaster is a solution used for finishing walls outside public buildings and private houses, as well as inside apartments, offices and other premises. Its main purpose is to improve the aesthetic and decorative qualities surfaces. In the article we will consider all types of decorative plaster for walls.

The word "plaster" is of Italian origin and literally translates as "gypsum" or "alabaster". Compound plaster mixture for decoration, it has common components with ordinary plaster - sand, lime, cement, but its main difference lies in the addition of various granulates - dry bulk substances in the form of small granules, for example, stone chips, wood fibers, etc.

Decorative plasters can be sold ready-made, that is, previously diluted with water or a special solvent, such mixtures can be used immediately for work. Dry components can also be supplied, which must be diluted according to the instructions before application.
Depending on the end result and the design idea, various fillers can be added to the decorative plaster: small pieces of mica, shells or small pebbles, which, after the plaster layer has hardened, will look organically on the wall. In addition, in this way it is possible to achieve the effect of additional surface volume.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

The surface can be decorated in various ways, for example, simple plaster can decorate a wall, giving it a perfectly smooth structure. Of course, thanks to the special composition, it became possible to obtain a relief effect, achieve a glossy surface or imitate any natural materials without much effort.

Decorative plaster is distinguished according to several principles. For example, according to the type of filler, it can be:

textured;
structural;
Venetian.

The textured and structural appearance form a rough surface and are usually called embossed plasters, and the Venetian forms a perfectly flat surface, so it is referred to as a smooth type of plaster.

All of these types are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to which they are considered safe, reliable and durable materials.

There are several types of plaster according to the binder used.

Acrylic. The binder is a high molecular weight polymer (acrylic resin), which provides good elasticity of the applied layer. It may contain organic and inorganic pigments, due to which the composition acquires a different color. Acrylic decorative plaster is sold in the form ready mix. The disadvantage of this type of coating is low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Also, plaster is exposed to UV rays, over time, the coating may begin to crack. Acrylic resin in the composition, allows you to paint the mixture in any desired color using pigment pastes.

Mineral. The binder is cement. It has a relatively low price and is most often produced in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before work. An excellent option for decorative plaster for bathroom walls and for outdoor use. In humid weather, slightly less water should be added to the solution. It is considered the most environmentally friendly decorative material. Over time, such a coating only becomes stronger, has good resistance to UV rays, but is afraid of mechanical damage, in addition, it is not advisable to wash it with devices that use high pressure. The standard color of such plaster is considered to be a light range.
Silicone. The binding component is synthetic resins. It is applied for exterior finish and at internal works ah, it has plasticity and ease of application. They are resistant to UV rays, do not attract dust and odors. Forms a water-repellent layer during application, due to which silicone decorative plaster is used for facing external walls in the area high humidity. Produced in the form of a ready-made mixture, various colors.
silicate. The binder is liquid glass (alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide). It is distinguished by high strength of the applied layer, resistance to mold and decay, as well as the ability to repel water. The mixture has impregnating, adhesive and astringent qualities. It is applied practically on any surfaces, has an excellent indicator of fire resistance and vapor permeability. Supplied as a ready mix, various color shades. One of the most reliable plasters, the service life can reach 50 years or more.

Silicate and silicone plasters are most often used in facade decoration and construction in humid climates.

Textured plaster

This is a plaster with a coarse, highly viscous structure. The filler is linen fibers, wood, mica, mineral chips (granite, marble) or small pebbles. It is used for decorating brick, concrete, plastered and wooden surfaces. Great for exterior finish and interior work.

Due to the special particles in the composition, textured plaster hides large defects and most surface irregularities. Almost no application required. preliminary preparation walls, it is enough to dry and clean them, if there are peeling coatings, then they should be removed, and then an adhesive composition or a special “concrete contact” solution should be applied, this is necessary for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
The applied layer has high hardness, water resistance and forms an air-permeable coating. The surface obtained as a result of application can be an imitation of natural stone, natural leather, wood or fabric. Among the types of decorative plaster, textured is the most common, in addition, it has a relatively low price.
The plaster is supplied for sale in various containers, weighing 9, 18, and 50 kg, dry and ready for use. It can be tinted in any color during application, or painted after drying. Average consumption up to 2 kg per 1 m2. The larger the filler, the more composition is required for applying one layer. It is not recommended to use plaster for outdoor work during rainy or damp weather, and at temperatures up to + 7 degrees.
It is possible to apply textured plaster without the use of highly specialized tools, and there is also no need to involve professionals, even with self-decoration of walls, many design options are obtained.

Subspecies of textured plaster

Lamb- plaster has various sizes of stone grains, is applied to mineral bases, the surface is rough and uniformly grained.

Fur coat- the surface after application is rough, in the form of a slight "hairiness", the main component of this mixture is cement.

bark beetle- composite plaster, with fine stone filler, when applied, forms a grooved texture resembling the surface of corroded wood.

The peculiarity of textured plaster is that the surface relief appears immediately after application.

Structural plaster

A material having a thin layer structure, made on an acrylic or silicate basis. As a structure-forming substance, marble chips or quartz elements are used. Outwardly, it looks like a granular heterogeneous mass. It is applied to decorating of walls in rooms and finishing of facades.

It may be fine-grained and look like an almost even layer when applied, as well as medium-grained, after drying such a plaster, a kind of relief appears. It adheres well to most mineral surfaces, drywall and chipboard.
Structural plaster forms a layer with excellent air permeability, resistant to moisture and atmospheric phenomena. Available in 9, 18 and 50 kg packages. Supplied in the form of a ready-mix, it is not allowed to add coloring pigments to the composition. Apply with a trowel to a dry, clean surface, previously treated with a deep penetration primer. The consumption rate when applied in one layer is 3 kg per m2.
Not recommended for use in wet rooms or during rain during outdoor work, the air temperature should be above +7 degrees. Plaster can be applied in various ways and with tools: with a smooth spatula, roller or sprayer. So, to obtain the effect of waves, coarse-grained plaster is used, which is applied in a circular motion with a spatula.
Very often, structural plaster is used for finishing walls in corridors and bathrooms, as well as for finishing facades, fences and gates. For interior work, it is recommended to use material made on water based, quick dry and odorless. The resulting surface is sufficiently impact-resistant and resistant to mechanical damage. Wet cleaning of the plastered wall is allowed.

Venetian plaster

This phrase appeared as a result of the literal translation of the phrase "stucco veneziano". It is a decorative multilayer coating. Such a plaster mixture is made with the addition of marble chips and slaked lime. It has a fairly homogeneous structure. Wide use received back in ancient Rome, when a lot of dust and small particles remained when working with marble, which began to be used as a material for facing.

Visually finished layer resembles the surface of natural marble or onyx. Proper finishing with Venetian plaster requires special skill. It should be applied with a flexible rubber spatula, in thin strokes, in several layers (5-6), each of which requires thorough drying. The material is quite expensive, but the resulting effect fully justifies its price. Most often, Venetian plaster is used in rooms decorated in antique or classical style, as well as in baroque style.
Thanks to different ways application can be achieved matte or glossy surface. The plaster is intended for indoor use only. The mixture may be tinted. Available in containers of 8 and 16 kg. The surface to be decorated must be clean, level and dry. Before facing the walls, it is recommended to pre-reinforce, and then putty and prime. If the technology is violated, cracks can form on the decorative plaster, which are very difficult to get rid of.
In addition to the stone surface, Venetian plaster can imitate precious metals, due to the special staining with special pigments. Using such a finish indoors, you can achieve the effect of increasing space, due to the refraction of light. This coating often acts as a basis for complex panels and frescoes.

Specific types of decorative plaster

Colored plaster - made on the basis of acrylic and marble chips. Possesses high adhesion to mineral surfaces, water resistance and sufficient hardness. The color scheme is represented by fifteen shades. It is applied to a dry, cleaned surface, in one layer. To prevent noticeable joints, the mixture must be brought to the corner. Equally suitable for both outdoor and indoor work.

Roller plaster- contains filler natural origin different fractions from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. When applied, a texture is formed with small channels-recesses. It is applied to registration of facades and decorating of walls in office and premises. Tinting or surface staining is allowed. It is applied to the surface with a wide spatula, and then rubbed with a trowel in circular, cross-shaped, vertical or horizontal movements.

latex plastic- allows you to create a smooth finish with a slight gloss, imitating the texture of a smooth stone or marble, as well as various relief surfaces. The material is resistant to cracking, has high moisture resistance, so that the plastered surface is easy to clean. The mixture can be tinted in various colors, while in order to achieve the effect of the structure of natural stone, the colors should not be thoroughly stirred. The mixture is applied only on even walls, previously puttied and treated with a deep penetration primer.

"Wet Silk"- the coating, which resembles the surface of a fabric, contains mother-of-pearl particles, the overflows of which imitate the overflows of flowing silk. Tinting in any color is allowed, several color variations are initially produced: white, gold, garnet, silver and bronze. The formed surface possesses high moisture resistance and perfectly transfers damp cleaning. An excellent option for decorative plaster for kitchen walls.
"Sea breeze"- the coating has a translucent structure, with a slight pearly sheen. Fine-grained sand is added to the composition. Can be tinted, several basic colors are available: gold, white, garnet, bronze and chameleon. Used for interior design.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Plaster-based decorative coating has won the love of many designers, thanks to its special properties and qualities that distinguish it from other materials for interior decoration.

Able to hide irregularities and defects of the decorated surface;
applied to most known materials (brick, stone, concrete, wood, drywall and many other coatings);
does not absorb odors;
has high sound-absorbing properties;
has a unique and inimitable design;
application does not require special surface preparation;
differs in high indicators of resistance to any atmospheric phenomena;
The resulting coating has breathable properties;
forms a moisture and frost-resistant layer;
due to the special plasticity, it is possible to process structures of any complexity, as well as create all kinds of patterns and drawings;
forms an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress;

Decorative plaster walls in the apartment

To obtain a high-quality decorative coating, the mortar should be applied using tools that do not have defects, damage, chips, cracks or nicks. Each type of plaster mixture involves its own finishing methods and techniques, to give the surface expressiveness and special artistic properties.

Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster, for the manifestation of the necessary pattern, requires multi-layer application. The work is carried out with various widths of stainless steel painting tools (spatula, trowel). The main layer is applied with the widest tool, while gaps should remain on the surface. Strokes are made wide and asymmetrical. All subsequent layers should cover the gaps of the previous application. To give more expressiveness, each layer can have its own color shade.

The applied layers are dried in turn, each of them is leveled and additionally polished with a smooth steel tool. This method is called ironing, due to which the surface acquires a glossy appearance. If additional gloss is required, then the plaster can be covered with a special varnish or wax. Due to the translucent layers, the effect of depth and volume is achieved.

Relief decorative plaster

A slightly different finish is embossed decorative plaster. In this case, no special treatment of the walls is required, as for applying smooth plasters. It is enough to remove old finishing materials (painting, wallpaper, whitewash), clean and dry the surface.
After that, the walls are treated with a primer. This procedure is carried out about a day before finishing with embossed plaster. It is best if the primer will have antibacterial properties that prevent the development of fungi and mold.
The plaster mixture is applied to the primed surface with a wide soft spatula. Immediately after that, you need to give the layer a relief. It is worth doing this very quickly, as the composition instantly seizes.

You can get the desired pattern on textured plaster using tools such as spatulas, sponges, rollers, trowels or stencils. For example, using a rubber roller, before each application of the texture, moisten it in water. The work is carried out immediately over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe wall (from corner to corner), otherwise noticeable seams cannot be avoided.

Structural plaster

Structural plaster is applied with a stainless steel trowel. The layer should slightly exceed the grain size. The treated surface is kept for 2-3 minutes, and then smoothed in a circle with a plastic trowel.
This method provides a uniform distribution of the granules present in the composition over the treated surface. The excess mass of the mixture is regularly removed from the trowel with a small spatula.
Structural plaster, as well as textured, forms joints when applied, so the work is carried out from corner to corner at a time.

Tip: if there is a need to paint relief plaster, then it is worth doing it 10-14 days after application.

Basic coating care

The decorative coating formed by embossed or smooth plaster is sufficiently durable and resistant to mechanical damage and atmospheric phenomena, therefore, in the first year after application, no special care is required.

This material does not absorb odors and does not attract dust, and also contains water-repellent substances, due to which the surface, if necessary, can be easily washed with ordinary detergents without chemical fillers. When cleaning, it is better to use soft cloth or sponge, avoiding hard brushes, metal scrapers, pumice or plastic.
To increase the service life of the plaster coating, special waxes or glazing compounds are applied over the dried decorative layer. Artificial or beeswax helps to increase the waterproofing of the surface, and when applied to Venetian plaster, it gives extra shine.
The wax composition is supplied ready-made. It can be used to highlight the smallest details and the depth of the relief applied decorating mixtures, while increasing their resistance to mechanical stress, there is additional protection from dust, dirt and moisture. Protective wax is available in two versions: with a mother-of-pearl effect, which has a silvery-white tint and in a translucent form, with a yellowish tint.

It is necessary to apply such a product in a double layer, using a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polish with a soft cloth. Wax surfaces must not be cleaned with solvents, only application soap solution or clean water.
Glaze is an almost sheer, light coating designed to give additional shade, in addition, it adds volume and emphasizes the contours of the relief. It can have several shades imitating gilded, silver or bronze surfaces, as well as simply white, transparent or iridescent. The agent is applied with a brush, sponge, rubber spatula or a special mitt. Can be washed with detergent or soapy water.

Protective compounds are used for all types of plaster used for wall decoration indoors and outdoors. Thanks to such means, it will last longer, will not crumble or crumble, which means that care for it will be minimal.

How to update the decorative plaster coating

If necessary, remove the decorative coating from the wall, you can use several methods:

repainting in a different color - is made in the case when it is required to change the color scheme;
withdrawal before concrete base- when it is necessary to apply another version of the plaster;
puttying on top of the layer to the state of a smooth, even wall - such a surface can be finished with a light decorative material, such as wallpaper.

Decorative plaster for walls video

When choosing decorative plaster, it is impossible to say which kind of it is better or worse. It all depends on the personal preference of each and the requirements put forward for the finished result, as well as on the availability of a certain budget, because the price of decorative plaster for walls sometimes differs by an order of magnitude. It is quite easy to apply one mixture, for example, textured and structural, and you can do it yourself, but you will need to involve specialists to apply Venetian plaster. It is necessary to remember this when purchasing a decorative coating.

It is very important to properly prepare the walls. The final type of coverage will depend on the quality of these works. Decorative plaster is a multilayer coating that is formed on the walls and allows you to get the original texture. The latter may take different forms. It will depend on the size and shape of the filler mixture, as well as the tools that were used for application. At this stage, the method of applying the composition is also important.

Why choose decorative plaster

Decorative plaster today is quite popular in the formation original interiors, it is very popular. The mixture is distinguished by an abundance of textures and colors, has a low cost, and provides the possibility of simple and quick application. After drying, a surface is obtained that is not subject to mechanical damage.

The described type of finish can be used even when decorating exteriors, you can find it on sale. Among other things, it can be cleaned of dirt during operation. Really beautiful and more practical material for decoration is quite difficult to find.

Preparation for applying structural and textured plasters

You must definitely prepare the walls for decorative plaster if you plan to use the latter for repairs. Structural and textured mixtures are great for applying to any materials, including:

concrete;
brick;
wood;
metal.

Plaster allows you to create a surface that has the ability to breathe. The surface after drying is not afraid of moisture, and the service life is measured in decades. The walls before applying these compositions are allowed to be prepared not very carefully. There is no need to align them to the ideal state, because the material during the application process will be able to hide small gaps, swelling and other minor flaws.

Step-by-step preparation of walls for decorative plaster involves cleaning the surface of the old finish. Oil stains are removed with a solvent, then the wall should be washed with soapy water. Deep cracks, if any, should be repaired. cement mortar. Walls must be treated with an antifungal agent. However, if the room is operated at a low level of humidity, then this is not necessary.

Work methodology

The next step is to apply a primer. Preparation of walls for decorative plaster involves surface treatment with putty. However, these works should be carried out only after the primer has completely dried. Putty will level the surface. It acts as a basis for applying a decorative composition. If the walls are processed with a thick relief layer, then putty may not be used.

After 24 hours, the walls should be treated with an acrylic-based primer. This composition is necessary to improve the quality of adhesion. After the walls are polished using fine-grained sandpaper. On this we can assume that the preliminary work is completed. The preparation should not cause real difficulties.

Removing the old layer of plaster

Preparing walls for decorative plaster with your own hands necessarily involves removing the old plaster layer. It will also be necessary to clean the wall of whitewash, wallpaper and old layers of paint. The surface is well cleaned until you reach the base. Walls need to be well vacuumed, which is especially true for cracks. They should be washed using any cleaning solution. This is required for several reasons. Indeed, otherwise the hitch with an untreated surface will be very unreliable. If that the plaster layer will not keep. In addition, this will reveal defects that were previously hidden under the finishing material.

It is important to highlight another factor that favors the need to clean the wall from old coatings. It consists in carrying out additional processing, the features of which will depend on the base material. If you have to work with walls in a newly built house, then this item should be skipped.

Features of preparation before applying Venetian plaster

Preparation of walls for decorative plaster can be carried out according to different technologies, which will depend on the final composition. If we are talking about Venetian plaster, then preliminary work more time and effort needs to be devoted. This is because decorative material has some features.

Walls should be carefully and efficiently cleaned of dirt. Old whitewash and house paint are removed. The cleaned walls are then carefully sanded. Alignment is carried out with a putty composition. This stage must be approached with great responsibility. If the walls are not even, then the attractiveness of Venetian plaster will be invisible, because it has several transparent layers, the number of which can reach three.

Preparation of walls for decorative plaster provides for the need for grinding. These works must be carried out manually. From application grinder should be abandoned, because even the smallest influxes and irregularities need to be processed. A primer is applied to the aligned walls, a deep penetration solution should be selected.

It is necessary to bring the walls to an ideal state. All cracks and gaps must be sealed on them. Sometimes these works have to be repeated several times, so by and large the manipulations during this type of work are quite laborious. However, without them, it makes no sense to apply Venetian plaster; in this case, it will not be able to provide a stunning effect.

Preparation for decorative wall plastering, the technology of which is described in the article, involves the application of primer. It must be chosen correctly. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the coating. On the shelves of stores you can find a primer mixture in a wide range. To do right choice, you need to familiarize yourself with which primer is better to prefer for certain surfaces.

For example, alkyd compounds work well on wood that has not been pre-prepared. In this case, it is possible to achieve alignment of the structure and create a flat surface for applying plaster. The advantages of this mixture include fairly quick drying. You can also use a polystyrene primer, its application is permissible even on plastered surfaces. However, these products contain substances that can harm health.

Before you prepare the walls for decorative plaster, the norms must be considered. After reviewing them, you can understand that a special purpose primer is excellent for metal surfaces. Usually this is a composition with zinc additives. It is possible to use an alkyd primer mixture with the addition of zinc, this composition provides anti-corrosion protection. On the metal surfaces it is better not to apply glyptal mixtures, as they are characterized by a long drying period.

Secrets of the masters

If you will be preparing the walls for decorative plaster, then you need to follow a few rules. No need to purchase putty mixtures on alabaster and oil-adhesive bases. Any other formulations may be preferred. The thickness of the primer layer must be 2 mm or more.

Putty is recommended to be applied on a sickle, which is a self-adhesive mesh. Distribute it on the wall. Surface treatment should be carried out with a spatula of large width. Preparation of walls for decorative plaster is carried out using a primer. It is recommended to purchase acrylic mixtures.

Conclusion

Quite often, home craftsmen today carry out self-training walls with decorative plaster. The consumption of a given composition will depend on the type of mixture. If we are talking about Venetian plaster, then its consumption varies from 70 to 200 g per square meter. Bark beetle for each square meter will be consumed approximately 3 kg. Everything will depend on the base material and layer thickness.

Due to the fact that plaster is quite expensive, in order to reduce its consumption, it is better to level the surfaces as carefully as possible. This is the preparation of the walls for decorative plaster. Features of these works may include the application of cement-sand plaster or the installation of a foam insulation layer. The second option is very practical, if the house is finished in this way, it will be warm and beautiful.

There are many ways to decorate a house, but recently decorative plasters have become more and more popular. They are very diverse, allow you to create walls and ceilings that are unique in appearance. different types give different effects, plus the application of decorative plaster can also be different. As a result - a huge number of variations for any interior in any style.

Types of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster - a marvelous interior decoration

Decorative plaster is used for finishing walls and ceilings indoors, facades of buildings. The basis can be various substances both natural (gypsum, cement, marble dust) and artificial (acrylic, silicone, silicate) origin. It is called so because it forms an externally attractive surface with a different texture - from Venetian plaster smooth as marble to embossed stone or “under a fur coat”. The number of options is endless - applying decorative plaster is a creative process and it is unlikely to be repeated exactly. This is another plus of this type of finish.

By the type of surface formed, the following types of decorative plaster are distinguished:

Embossed. After applying such compositions, some kind of heterogeneity and irregularities are often formed on the surface, that is, they create a relief. Their plus is the low requirements for the preparation of the base. It must be strong and must not crumble. There should also be no significant differences, but perfect smoothness is not required.
Smooth. In this category, only one subspecies is Venetian plaster, but they allow you to create surfaces with different appearances. It is a plastic mass, often translucent. It contains dust of marble, malachite and other natural materials. With its help, you can imitate marble, cork, leather, silk, precious woods, various metals, malachite, granite finishes.

It must be said right away that textured and plastic plasters are often difficult to separate, since different techniques can be used on the same composition. The photo below shows options for only one type of plaster - different techniques for applying decorative plaster make it possible to obtain surfaces that are very different in appearance.

Some decorative plasters are so plastic that they can be used to create a work of art. It turns out very beautiful and original panels.

A few touches...

By changing the application of decorative plaster, all these various reliefs are obtained - from simple to complex.

It is worth considering further dividing them by area of application. There are two large groups - for outdoor and indoor work. There are also universal compositions, but rarely. Almost all the compositions discussed above are for internal work. These are more interior solutions. Some of them are resistant to abrasion, some can be washed with detergents and even brushes, but they will not withstand harsh outdoor conditions.

Some types of textured plaster are suitable for outdoor use - bark beetle, for example. This kind finishing material just refers to the universal. It can be seen on the facade, indoors. In apartments, these are usually corridors and, in offices and institutions, corridors or service rooms can be finished in this way.

An example of decorating a house with decorative plaster outside: stone plaster on the basement, above - on the walls - bark beetle

Putties for outdoor use generally have a rougher structure, contain components that increase resistance to ultraviolet radiation and other climatic influences. In this category there are specific plasters - stone. They are made up of small pieces. natural stones in a binder solution. The application of this type of decorative plaster is simple with a spatula or a stainless grater. Other elements are rarely used. On facades and fences, the creation of reliefs is not best idea- dust will clog and spoil the appearance, and it is not easy to wash it out.

Surface preparation

For different types decorative plaster requires varying degrees of surface preparation. But we can definitely say that it is necessary to remove everything that can fall off. The surface must be strong, dry and clean, must not crumble. Also a mandatory step is a primer. And not with any composition, but with a special one that creates a rough coating. It increases adhesion (adhesion).

For relief (structural and textured)

Under all relief, you can not especially level the walls or ceiling. The composition is applied in a fairly decent layer - up to 1 cm, so it hides differences up to 8-9 mm. But, in order to reduce the consumption of an expensive composition, it is still recommended to remove large irregularities. The protrusions are cut off, the pits are covered with suitable plaster. The next step is to apply a primer. After drying, you can start applying decorative plaster.

Structural plaster is usually applied in two layers. The first - basic - is laid evenly and dried. The layer thickness is indicated by the manufacturer, usually set with some tolerance. This layer also serves as a leveling layer, but again, in order to reduce costs, it is better to pre-level the surface. The second layer is already applied a little thinner, and a relief begins to form on it.

But not all structural plasters two-layer. On many, you can form a relief immediately after application, without a base layer. Usually the recommended layer in this case is somewhat thicker.

Under Venetian plaster

The compositions of this group require a perfectly flat surface. Not as smooth as for painting, but almost the same. Small differences are allowed - no more than 2-3 mm per square meter. standard - first, a layer of plaster (ordinary) is applied to the walls, a paint grid is embedded in it. After drying, a leveling layer is applied - to a perfectly even state. Next - a primer, and after the drying of this layer - the application of Venetian plaster.

Application techniques

It is impossible to talk about each method of applying decorative plaster - there are a lot of different details and nuances. The simplest case is with textured plasters. They are simply applied with a spatula. The whole difference is in the direction of movement of the spatula, in the depths of the beards that leave inclusions, and in color. But this is in basic version. No one bothers to experiment on these compositions. Another thing is that the structural effect of the same actions is more impressive - more plastic compositions.

What can be used to create a decorative effect

Applying decorative plaster is possible with many tools and common household materials and fixtures made from them:

Trowels and graters made of metal. They are used not only for applying the composition in an even layer, but also for forming geometrically chaotic patterns on it.
Construction graters made of plastic, polystyrene. They level out the freshly formed overly protruding relief.
Sandpaper with fine grain. Also for leveling the relief, but on already dried material. When compared with the previous method, the effects are different.
Foam sponges. They are multifunctional. They can:
Cellophane films and bags. Also a multifunctional tool:
- Spreading a thin soft plastic film on freshly applied decorative plaster, you can form a relief with your hands. It can be some kind of abstraction or something with some motives. When the relief is ready, the film is carefully removed, the relief is left to dry.
- Crumpled paper is wrapped in cling film. Get a simple but effective tool for the formation of a heterogeneous and chaotic pattern. You can use different application techniques - circular movements, short “pokes”, waves, strokes, comets, tails, etc.
- Just crumpling the cellophane, but already more rigid and “poking” it into the plaster, we get a surface that is somewhat reminiscent of the moon.
Rollers. Ordinary foam rubber or fur rollers are used, as well as special ones with some kind of pattern. Regular ones are used to create a basic relief, on top of which more pronounced strokes are then applied. The type and shape of the "basic" relief depend on the length of the pile. When rolling with a foam roller, small protrusions-cavities are obtained. When rolling hairy - more pronounced. The longer the pile, the greater the difference.
Different rollers - different surfaces
Hands in rubber gloves. any pattern can be made. The task is to repeat more or less similar on the rest of the plane.
Brushes. You can get stripes, waves and a bunch of other appearance options.

Principles of relief formation

Decorative plaster is attractive because it allows you to create a unique pattern - you can use your own imagination. To make this drawing look harmonious, you need to know some general rules. At good producers in the description of each composition there are rules for working with it. It describes the procedure, methods of application, methods of forming decorative surfaces.

A simple way - rolling with a roller with a pattern formed on it

Large firms (manufacturers or shopping centers) hold master classes, where everyone can try to work with a specific decorative plaster, which is also provided there, and not experiment “on the spot”. Therefore, before buying, be sure to read the entire available material, watch the videos, which are also often available, and in in large numbers There are really many ways to work. Describing in words is difficult and often incomprehensible. Much easier to do everything in video format. We will try to briefly summarize the techniques.

- When working with structural plasters dyed in mass (the color is added to the composition), a thin base layer is first applied. It can be smooth, maybe - slightly textured - rolled by one of the rollers. This layer is allowed to dry (6-24 hours depending on the manufacturer). Then, one of the reliefs is formed with the same or clarified composition (an uncolored composition is added, obtaining a mass several tones lighter). Further options:
  - - Immediately after formation, while the plaster has not dried, the parts that are too protruding are lightly smoothed with a stainless or plastic trowel.
  - Wait until the layer dries. Sandpaper attached to a holder or wooden block, clean off some part of the relief.
- When working with textured plasters, one layer is applied. Without waiting for drying, they immediately take the grout and form the desired relief. An example is working with bark beetle plaster. This composition is widespread, but basically all surfaces are made the same - with vertical strokes formed by inclusions. There are some very interesting techniques in the video.

The most difficult technique for applying Venetian plaster. The layers are very thin, translucent, there are many of them and are applied in different ways:
- - An even, thin base coat is applied first. He dries up.
  - Thin chaotic strokes are applied, which gradually fill the surface. In this case, a certain, not very pronounced relief is obtained - strokes of different thicknesses are obtained, different directions.
  - The layer is left to dry for 4-5 hours.
  - They take a large stainless spatula or grater and rub (iron) the surface. In this case, the sharp edges are slightly erased, the surface becomes smooth in places, in places it looks velvety. The "marble effect" begins to appear.
  - The next layer is almost the same, but you just need to level the surface as much as possible.
  - The layer is left to dry for 1.5-2 hours.
  - Smooth down with a smooth, burr-free spatula with rounded ends (so as not to accidentally damage). At this stage, the surface acquires a glossy sheen.
  - Finishing stage - coating decorative wax. This layer increases the moisture resistance of the coating, the glossy sheen becomes more pronounced.

Applying decorative plaster: video tutorials

Not all nuances finishing works can be clearly described in words. Previously, everything was passed from the master to the students with the help of an internship. Modern technologies allow you to make the process more massive - video tutorials and master classes give an idea of how to move, which is very difficult to describe in words. This section contains several interesting ideas for decorating walls with embossed plaster.

As you understand, applying decorative plaster is a creative matter. But without experience, it is difficult to imagine what results one or another of your actions will lead to. We look carefully, we try to copy the movements. First, it is advisable to practice on a piece of puttied drywall - to work out the technique. When the result suits you, you can start decorating the walls.

As you know, plaster is one of the important elements under repair. It serves to create a perfectly flat surface. Apply it before finishing. But recently, more and more often, traditional plaster is being replaced with decorative one. Let's take a look at what this cover is. Also in the article will be given the main types of decorative plaster.

General information

In addition to their visual appeal, all types of decorative plaster have many advantages. This is what distinguishes the material from others. All types of textured and decorative plasters include a liquid base (it is plain water), filler (lime, granite or marble chips, sand, etc.), as well as a polymer binder. Materials can be used in finishing the most different surfaces. Like ordinary, types of decorative plaster have the ability to mask defects. Materials can be used to finish brick, concrete, wood, plasterboard and other surfaces. At the same time, curvilinear forms can also be processed with decorative plaster. One of the undoubted advantages of the material is its plasticity. Thanks to this surface quality, different shapes can be given. Some types of decorative plaster (photos of works can be seen below) can be used to "sculpt" all kinds of patterns and figures directly on the wall. Depending on what result is expected to be obtained, various materials (shells, pebbles, mica and others) can be added to the mixture to form "volumetric" surfaces. It should be noted that it was this "versatility" that made decorative plaster one of the most popular coatings. The material can be used for both indoor and outdoor work. Yes, there are special

Classification

There are different types of decorative plaster according to various parameters. In particular, the material is classified according to the type of filler, binder, method of formation. These are not all the parameters by which the types of decorative plasters are distinguished. The methods of applying the material are also different for each type. One of the main criteria by which the classification is carried out is the type of filler. Next, consider the types of decorative plaster for walls separately.

popular material

Today, as practice shows, textured plaster is most widely used. One of the advantages of this coating is its relatively low cost. Small pebbles, mica, mineral chips, wood fibers are used as fillers in the compositions. Thanks to these components, the surface is voluminous, a 3D effect is created. Undoubtedly, such a coating looks much better than just a wall pasted over with wallpaper or a painted ceiling. Textured rollers and special stamps are often used to enhance the effect.

Homogeneous coating

Such a surface can be created using structural types of decorative plaster. "Bark beetle" is another name for this material. It is due to the fact that filler particles (fine-grained additives) give the surface the appearance of an old tree. Structural types of decorative wall plasters allow you to create not only a uniform coating, but also a mosaic effect. The fraction of fillers is significantly larger than that of the standard material.

Effective coverage

Venetian decorative plaster is considered today one of the richest types. In the manufacture of the material used marble chips. As a rule, such a coating can be found in interior decoration in antique and classic styles. Due to the homogeneity of the composition, the material is an excellent basis for creating magnificent masterpieces. But it should be noted that the application of such a coating requires special skill and knowledge.

Material for external finishing

On the market today there are various types of decorative plaster facades. The material in its composition can have a variety of fillers. The main differences that these types of decorative plaster possess (a photo of some coatings can be seen in the article) are high performance properties, resistance to temperature extremes, water and sound impermeability. Thanks to the wonderful thermal insulation properties, external attractiveness, as well as the ability to protect and strengthen the facade, such plaster is rightfully gaining recognition from professionals in the field of construction and decoration.

Environmentally friendly coating

Spray method

This is the easiest way to create relief on a surface. After the first layer has dried, the second layer is applied. In order to obtain a relief surface, you can use a variety of devices, for example, a broom. It must be taken in one hand, in the other - a stick. The broom is dipped into the solution. Then they are tapped on a stick so that the spray hits the wall. Flakes will form on the surface, the size of which will depend on the density of the mixture and the broom itself. The surface can be pre-painted. For example, it can be green, and the spray can be white. Approximately the same is carried out "Italian" decoration. But here, after the covering layer is applied, without waiting for it to dry, the second one is immediately applied. If the previous one was, for example, of blue color, then the next one might be white. The second layer should cover most of the first. Until the coating has hardened, it is smoothed.

Creating a relief with a trowel

To form the original surface, you can use not only the usual tools. After applying the covering layer, a little solution should be put on the trowel. Next, with light movements, the plaster is applied to the base. In this case, a kind of pattern is formed.

"Multilayer" coating

The textured method of applying plaster allows you to create a coating in antique style. In this case, the material is laid in several layers. After leveling and drying, the coating is painted.

Hatching-bouffant

This method is used to create a relief surface on fresh plaster. The coating in this case is treated with a metal brush. Then the surface must be dried during the day. After that, using a rag, spatula or sponge, remove plaster elements that do not adhere well to the base.

Roller stamping

This is another fairly popular way of applying decorative plaster. Using a special roller with a pattern, relief images are obtained on the surface. If there is no such tool, you can use the usual one. On a simple roller, a pattern is cut out or simply wrapped with a rope. In the latter case, after such stamping, a surface with a pattern resembling grass stems will be obtained.

"Sgraffito"

This coating technique is more complex than those described above. However, you can also do it yourself. To create a decorative coating, layers of plaster of different colors are applied. Gamma is chosen according to one's own preferences. It should be remembered that the surface must be in harmony with the surrounding interior. To create a drawing, certain sections are cut out in the top layer using a stencil. Pieces of plaster are removed with the help of cutters or scrapers. If you remove a lot of material from the top layer, then the remaining coating on the background of the underlying one looks like an appliqué. If you remove a small amount, then the picture will turn out to be tinted. This coating can be applied to the entire wall. Also, using this technique, you can create original panels.

Finally

There are a lot of types of decorative plaster, as well as methods for applying it. The material describes the most popular of them. In general, work on finishing the premises, both outside and inside, can be completely carried out independently. However, some materials require certain knowledge and special devices. Mixtures containing large granules are recommended for use when finishing surfaces with outside. Fine-grained plasters are used when working with walls indoors. In the latter case, the surfaces are not so rough.