Bas-relief - a type of sculptural decoration of premises and structures in the form of a convex up to half of the volume above the plane of the convex image. It is made from materials suitable for carving, modeling or casting in molds (decorative plaster, alabaster, polystyrene, clay, wood). It is used as an element of interior design, for architectural decoration (decoration of friezes, pylons, vaults, fountains, capitals, facades).
A bas-relief on a wall made of plaster, putty, or other material can be plot or abstract, made in a classic, antique, modern or other style. A branched tree, a baguette, a gypsum flower on the wall will be a win-win solution, add harmony, liveliness, color even to the most unassuming, “modest” interior. Inaccessible to a wide range in the past due to the high cost, today colorful or monophonic protruding images have become achievable for anyone. Among the diversity options room decoration gypsum paintings in last years became super popular and took a leading position.
This picture will perfectly decorate the wall.Step-by-step production of a three-dimensional study
Asking the question of how to make bas-reliefs on the wall with their own hands, non-specialists mistakenly believe that the master sticks the produced industrial way parts of a plaster miniature. The creation of a bas-relief is a process of artistic modeling from plaster (other materials) directly on the wall with your own hands (by a master) or with the technique of producing blanks, free plastering, or another method of parts of a future picture, followed by gluing “tiles” or parts of a miniature.
The order of implementation of the bas-relief on the wall
Each bas-relief is unique and individual. Even an experienced craftsman cannot create two identical studies even from one drawing.
Each drawing is unique in itself, it is impossible to repeat it. What you need to make a miniature from alabaster
The bas-relief on the plaster wall can be done by hand. To implement the project, the following minimum skills are required:
drawing;
preparation of solutions;
stencil production;
creation of wire structures.
To create such a drawing, experience and knowledge in the field of construction will be required. The formation of a bas-relief requires knowledge of the properties of mixtures (setting time, the possibility of adding dyes, determining the optimal density of the solution for various works) from which the image will be executed. It should be borne in mind that when working with a layer of 10 or more millimeters, it is necessary to make a wire frame that prevents the gypsum from cracking.
In order not to contact the master, you can use casting molds To perform you will need:
drawing (in full size);
a pair of round + the same number of flat paint brushes, a thin nylon brush (for children) for drawing;
graphite pencil, felt-tip pen or marker;
masking tape;
stencils of the required thickness;
capacity for diluting the batch;
special tools for creating reliefs (palette knives);
materials from which the matrix will be made (for example, silicone) and a mixture for bas-relief;
paints, color (colored bas-reliefs);
confectionery (for thick lines) or medical syringe (for the design of the thinnest veins);
sustainable reliable forests (goats).
With the help of loops, stacks, cutters, excess mortar is removed, the edges are trimmed, individual elements are created, and the details are given the desired shape layer by layer. When creating a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands, the tools are dipped in water to remove residue to avoid drips and other unwanted contaminants. At the end of the work, all tools are washed. The syringe is disassembled, cleaned and dried.
All work must be carried out carefully and according to the recommendations. Step by Step Guide to Performing the Grapevine Study
Consider how to form a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands using the example of image production vine with a bunch, curly leaves. The work is done by the method of execution various parts from an alabaster mixture with their subsequent fixing on the wall. Berries and leaves are cast into molds, ornate stem and tendrils are drawn by hand. In the production of large heavy parts, a wire frame is used to reinforce and facilitate mounting on the wall.
The first step in creating a do-it-yourself volumetric bas-relief on the wall is to complete the composition in full size and transfer the outlines to the place of the future picture. The sketch is transferred by drawing on the film (performed with a marker). A thin layer of base is applied to the prepared wall. The polyethylene sheet is placed in the required space and fixed, the contours of the sketch are outlined. The sample is removed, and the outline remains on the surface. The contours are also transferred to a dry plane. In this case, after fixing the film from above, its edge rises, and the lines are drawn with an ordinary slate pencil.
First of all, you need to draw a sketch of the picture
The second point in the execution of the bas-relief is the manufacture of a mold for leaves and grape berries. Consider the execution of the matrix of sealant with filler (talc/starch). Filler is poured onto the board and kneaded with sealant like regular dough. An object of the corresponding shape (oval or ball) and size is pressed into the resulting material. After the silicone has solidified, the sample is removed. It turns out a matrix for the formation of berries. For sheets, you can use a factory-made silicone / polyurethane matrix, or make a template yourself using the above method. A sample of the leaf shape for a bas-relief is molded from plasticine or salt dough.
Forms can be made for leaves and berries
The third point is the mixing of the composition and the casting of individual gypsum elements. For pouring into molds, a solution is made from one part of water and two parts of gypsum. Water is taken room temperature. Other ingredients (sand, plaster, etc.) are not used when mixing the composition of alabaster for bas-relief. Dry gypsum powder is gradually added to the water with constant moderate stirring (to avoid the formation of lumps). Intensive mixing of the solution is not recommended. The mixture will be enriched with oxygen, and the part will turn out with air bubbles. Products are removed after the final hardening of the gypsum.
With the help of casting molds, you can make a very beautiful drawing.
The fourth stage is the preparation of the plane and gluing the individual elements onto the bas-relief. The plane is covered with satengypsum or acrylic putty, then reinforced with the chosen method. Berries and leaves are attached by gluing (pressing in) finished parts at the points indicated on the sketch. For fastening heavy elements, a wire (steel) with a diameter of 2-3 mm is used.
The fifth step is the execution of the stem and antennae. It is performed on a bas-relief with a syringe for decorating cakes. Particularly thin lines are executed with a medical syringe without a needle.
Leaves and berries can be made with a cake syringe or regular
The last point is the finishing of the bas-relief. Coloring is carried out with specialized paints for stucco molding (thin halftones are obtained by shading). Bright accents in the bas-relief are made with acrylic paints. Then the painting is covered by the previously indicated method.
A bird, a butterfly on the wall near a bunch or leaf diversifies and decorates the sketch, gives it individuality and special charm. If the miniature is made from separate parts, all connection points are carefully closed, smoothed and sanded to obtain the effect of a single canvas.
At the end, the drawing needs to be processed protective equipment Modeling on the walls with a stencil
If you need to create a bas-relief with a repeating fragment (for example, a flower, a curl, a leaf), the easiest method is to work with stencils. Anyone can handle this artistic decoration of the room. Even someone who has never been able to draw will design a unique artistic modeling without special efforts and special skills. The pattern is printed on a conventional printer. The template is made on suitable material by cutting out those elements that need to be applied to the wall. You can buy factory-made stencils for bas-relief on the wall. They are available in a large assortment in hardware stores.
You can apply a drawing on a stencil The template is fixed by any convenient way(for example, masking tape). empty seats are filled with a thick alabaster or other solution (the thicker the stencil, the thicker the batch is made) with a cliché-thick layer and left to dry completely. If uneven edges are obtained during separation, they are sanded with fine sandpaper. Subsequent processing is carried out in a manner common to all methods.
The template for the picture can be fixed in any way From all of the above, we can conclude that everyone can make a beautiful, bright and eye-catching outstanding drawing on the wall with their own hands. Self-creation of a bas-relief in your own home is an incomparable pleasure in the process and a unique decorative element as a result. It is worth setting a goal and the interior of an apartment, house or public institution (cafe, restaurant, clinic, etc.) will acquire its own unique atmosphere.
Video: How to make a bas-relief with your own hands
Video: Master class. Bas-relief of a flower
I want to decorate my house, make it cozy and hospitable. In a typical building, it is more difficult to create an original design, but you can look for a way out. An interesting, and at the same time elegant solution would be to create a bas-relief on the wall. It can be made from various materials, in addition, you can do the creation of a three-dimensional image yourself. About the variety of bas-relief, its features, application can be read below. There is also a master class, thanks to which you can independently master this technique.
Bas-relief in the interior
To create a bas-relief image, you can use such materials like:
The walls are decorated with:
- landscapes;
- figures of people;
- plants;
- items.
These can be full-fledged artistic compositions. Thus, they can decorate the building inside and out.
The cast parts of the decor are made of polyurethane or gypsum, and hand, author's modeling is done using putty, polyurethane glue.
The bas-relief is often used in modern interior. The technique of such compositions is different, this allows you to correctly place the bas-relief in a room of any style.
Bas-relief compositions will help to develop and complement the main theme of the interior, to place the necessary accents in the house. Stucco molding in the living room helps to achieve a special solemn atmosphere. In the bedroom, she creates an atmosphere of intimacy, in - the appearance of imaginary movement. All this helps to change the impression and create the necessary mood.
On an empty wall, you can create a panel in the form of a picture. If the bas-relief is highlighted, then all the convex details will look even more distinct. They are often used to decorate different openings.
Unlike decorative painting, bas-reliefs do not have to be highlighted with color. If desired, it can be left white, and it will look just as good. You can combine these two options, you get an original and unusual effect.
The bas-relief goes well with such finishing materials:
A simple stucco molding can give originality to a room in a minimalist style, it is suitable for a loft style, a classic.
Material use
Bas-relief compositions will be well combined on stone, in forging, together with wood and other natural materials. They are often used in the decoration of fireplaces. If there is a clock in the hallway, then modeling can be done around. In small rooms, you should not make large panels.
Advice
The attention of guests will be attracted by a bas-relief with illumination. If the room is in classical style, then with the help of stucco molding you can fill the arch opening, the free space between the doorway and the ceiling.
If there is plasma in the living room in the middle of the wall, then such a relief decor can be made around it. It can also be used in the bedroom, especially if there are forged items, elements. You can place a large panel above the head of the bed.
With the help of a bas-relief, you can hide the bumps on the wall, and turn decorative elements from flaws. Also, behind the modeling you can hide engineering Communication. On the bare wall you can create a whole picture, a landscape that will flow into a beautiful decorative plaster.
Scene selection
Modern bas-relief allows you to recreate any idea. It could be:
- simple abstraction;
- landscape;
- flowers;
- panorama of the city;
- World map.
If the cast parts of the decor are chosen for the kitchen, then it is better to choose symbols that will characterize the abundance in the house, pictures with fruits and vegetables. In a children's room, it can be a light, airy decor featuring butterflies, birds, flowers, castles.
The bas-relief can be made the main composition, or it can be performed as an ornament that depicts separate scattered fragments or climbing flowers, a vine. It is used to decorate rooms, the facade of the house and other buildings.
plaster molding
Gypsum is a fairly popular material. All thanks to such qualities as fire resistance, environmental friendliness. This natural material well suited for creating stucco. Thanks to this, complex elements of relief decor can be created. And in order for the structures to last longer and be durable, they use a special varnish, primers, glue based on silicone or polyurethane. To protect the product from ultraviolet rays and precipitation, it is coated on top with acrylic paint.
The gypsum bas-relief composition can be given the appearance of wood, bronze, cast iron, or artificially aged. Using drying oil, you can imitate sculpting under ancient marble; shellac varnish is used to create terracotta. And to recreate antique bronze, a mixture of distilled water, copper sulfate or just oil paints is used.
If you want originality - add a little antiquity
Before painting, gypsum stucco should dry well. It is cleaned of dust, then primed. Mainly use water-based paint for the ceiling, the painting itself is done with oil paint.
Polyurethane molding
The material is a plastic foamed by a special technology, it is environmentally friendly, does not absorb bad smell, excess moisture, and resistant to temperature fluctuations. It looks good, and is suitable for its qualities for such premises: bathroom, kitchen.
Polyurethane stucco - ecological material
With the help of polyurethane moldings, you can visually correct the room. For example, you can visually make the ceiling higher and expand the room with the help of an overhead convex plank (molding), a vertical ledge in the wall, a pillar (pilaster).
They resort to molding to separate wallpapers of different tones. Stucco molding made of polyurethane can decorate interior doors. To facilitate the work with this material, a special adhesive for polyurethane is used.
With the help of such stucco, you can not only decorate or update the interior, but also furniture, you can create panels or frames, decorate ceilings, fireplaces, pedestals. Polyurethane stucco can be used in various fields, decorate products, parts, structures.
It will be of interest to you: REVIEW: Elegant Tapestry in the interior: combination with styles, design ideas (100+ Photos). How to create a cozy design with your own hands? (curtains, bedspreads, paintings)
Bas-relief master class
You can also make stucco molding on your own, for this it is taken
- gypsum;
- clay;
- alabaster;
- gypsum plaster.
Even a beginner can create a bas-relief design. In this case, it is better to use gypsum and plaster based on it. Maybe a chic picture will not work, but you can decorate the room with a relief image. The main thing is to follow the entire sequence of actions exactly:
- A box with low walls is assembled from slats and plywood, which looks like a tray. In dimensions, it must correspond to the dimensions of the future relief slab, there it will be necessary to create a bas-relief. In addition to the box, you can take other means, for example, an ordinary candy box, or a frame, suitable sizes, only pre-glue it to the glass with adhesive tape.
- It is necessary to cover the form with polyethylene. The foam must be straightened so that there are no wrinkles on top. If alignment fails, at least leave a minimum of irregularities.
- The solution is prepared exactly according to the instructions of its manufacturer, and poured into the mold. When planning to create an ornament with a high relief, wire is installed in the slab to further reinforce the composition.
- In order for the mixture to initially set, it must be left for a while. It is impossible to say exactly how long it will take, because. The indicator is different for each material. Just before using this or that raw material, it is necessary to clarify all the nuances of working with it.
- You can start creating the bas-relief itself. First, the contour of the necessary decorative ornament is applied to the tile. Then you can begin to increase the volume inside the circuit from the newly prepared mixture. The volume is built up in layers so that each layer hardens a little.
It is not difficult to work with plaster, it is even convenient, but while the raw material is wet. At this time, you can get rid of the excess, use a knife, and adjust the ornament with a chisel, a chisel for woodworking
If the material is not completely dry, simply plaster it. Dealing with an already hardened surface is much more difficult.
If you need to make an in-depth image, then you can do this in the following ways:
- The layer of the background itself needs to be built up around the figure, it will turn out that all the elements will be in a small depression. Everything is completed by grinding the background plane.
- Images can be buried if you select not a large number of base material using cutters, chisels.
Self-creation of a bas-relief image is painstaking work, it requires time and considerable costs. But, with a reasonable approach, the design of your home can be given an original, even unique look.
Types and themes for creating a bas-relief
Ideas for creating such a relief design are different. Their size, complexity and plot depend on the style and volume of the room. You can depict animal or plant motifs, antique scenes or abstract elements.
The image of a tree is one of the most neutral and versatile solutions.
A three-dimensional picture can be made on the wall itself, or a pre-prepared plate with a ready-made relief image can be installed.
Flowers
Swans
Wood
Let's talk about how you can make a bas-relief with your own hands. This issue worries many property owners, and therefore deserves a detailed study. Many people nowadays try to contribute to created interior some highlight.
For example, the bas-relief in the interior is gradually gaining new fans. It makes it possible to implement interesting ideas for decorating the interior of a dwelling.
How to make a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands? This design technique stylists often use when decorating mansions that have a real fireplace.
Original gypsum ornaments can encircle the fireplace, as well as decorate window and door openings.
Attention! Aerobatics in the interior world, a decorative pattern is considered, which includes additional lighting. With its help, you can give images the volume of 3D graphics.
How to make a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands? We offer step by step instructions, observance of which will allow you to create an original relief on the wall with your own hands.
How to create a three-dimensional drawing with your own hands
Those owners country houses Those whose profession is not related to repair believe that such a decorative element as a bas-relief is a prefabricated structure cast from plaster. In reality, this decorative element is made by hand, so it can be considered an original work of modern art.
Any elements of gypsum and putty are unique decorative elements; when they are created, a sketch is first drawn up.
Advice! In order to create a three-dimensional drawing on the wall, you need some skills and abilities, compliance with technological features.
Before creating bas-reliefs on the wall, it is important to first select materials. Currently, alabaster, gypsum, plaster, and clay are used to make bas-reliefs.
Having chosen the material for making the decor, you can proceed to the manufacture of the base, which will be the basis for the future bas-relief. Work will require wooden box having low sides.
Attention! The bottom in the created box will be plywood.
The dimensions of such a box will correspond to the dimensions of the created bas-relief. Instead of a box, you can use a box that has a rigid base and walls. The base of the box is carefully covered with a polymer film, making sure that wrinkles do not form. Then you can proceed to the process of preparing the solution, fully observing all the recommendations of the manufacturer.
After the solution is ready, it is carefully poured into the mold.
Attention! In the manufacture of bas-reliefs with high patterns, wire will be required for the reinforcement process.
The poured mixture remains in the box until completely dry, the drying time depends on the composition of the solution.
Then you can proceed to the direct manufacture of the future bas-relief. The main condition is the creation of a certain contour of the intended ornament, followed by filling it with a mixture. The decor builds up gradually, and the previous layer must dry completely, only then it will be possible to create a new layer.
Advice! To draw contours on the finished surface, you can use the film. After all the contours are drawn, the film can be removed.
Interior stylists consider plaster to be a good material for making an original bas-relief. Among the many advantages of this material, we highlight the convenience of working with it when wet. This material is quite malleable, so you can remove excess plaster, adjust the shape of the pattern being created.
Plaster that is not completely dry can be sanded, giving the finished bas-relief a sophisticated look.
As a prerequisite for creating a high-quality and beautiful bas-relief, professionals note the complete hardening of each fragment.
In order to create in wall panel recesses can be used in several ways:
- cut through the material and remove some parts of the created bas-relief with a chisel;
- build up the background around some point, which, after finishing, will be lower.
Basically, a flower is used as the basis for the images on the created bas-relief: a tulip or a lily. Not everyone will be able to make such a complex drawing on their own, so many owners of country houses try to order a bas-relief from professional craftsmen.
In order to simplify the process of creating a lily from gypsum or plaster, you can immediately apply it to the wall surface.
In such situations, all other interior elements must be covered with a special masking tape to prevent damage. Then the base of the pattern being created is covered with putty, and after complete drying, a primer is performed.
Advice! Professionals recommend choosing paint for priming - a primer, the properties of which make it possible to create an excellent coupling with the decorative elements of the bas-relief being created. For complete drying ready mix it takes three or four hours.
With the help of a trowel, Marseille wax, which is a quick-drying material, is applied to the bas-relief. By fixing the film on the surface of the created bas-relief, it will be possible to draw small details.
Attention! The film must be fixed so that, if necessary, one of its edges can be bent.
The outlines of the planned pattern on the film can be drawn using a colored marker. Further, bending polymer film, according to the traces made, you can draw a lily using Marseille wax. The painting is carried out on the wall, so there is no need to use a special substrate.
Many interior designers choose white wax for work related to the manufacture of bas-reliefs. The main task of the master is to give the created bas-relief optimal realism.
Advice! Acrylic paints are suitable for making the final layer of the created composition.
Conclusion
For a person who does not face such decorative element, it is difficult to decide on an independent creation of an unusual bas-relief in your country house or city apartment.
Basically, the bas-reliefs depict trees, flowers, animals, birds, and also create original plot compositions.
The fashion trend of the last season is the creation of three-dimensional images, which are initially created in a box, then fixed on the wall.
Even when creating simple option plaster moldings, you can count on getting a solemn and elegant interior.
To obtain complex compositions, professionals recommend creating bas-reliefs directly on the surface of the wall.
The bas-reliefs fit perfectly into the interior of the bedroom, the living room space. With it, you can make the kitchen individual and unique, focus on its decoration.
Ready-made bas-reliefs are suitable for interiors of different styles, from modern to fusion. To create large paintings, you will need perseverance, accuracy, desire.
To make an individual genre painting, which will depict wild animals, you will need a professional master.
Decorating the interior of an apartment or house, you can make a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands.
Decorations of this kind are rightfully called exclusive, because the bas-relief makes the design of an apartment or house simply unique, because even the author does not always succeed in repeating the work already done.
For a person who has never encountered this trend in fine art, very often there is not enough determination to create such a picture.
However, it is well known that it is not the gods who burn the pots. After reading this material, you will learn how you can make a bas-relief on the wall yourself.
And bas-reliefs in their apartments are molded not only by professional sculptors and artists.
The novice master is increasingly performing the design of his home with my own hands. Including the bas-reliefs on the walls.
Basic concepts
At all times, people gave a lot of effort and financial resources to decorating their homes, and primarily walls. The most popular and scarce ones were chosen from the paintings of the classics and avant-gardists.
Bas-relief, as a technique for obtaining three-dimensional images on the wall, has recently begun to gain popularity. It can be applied to a separate tablet and fixed in place.
Larger compositions are molded directly on the entire wall. The bas-relief most often depicts flowers, trees, birds, animals and plot paintings.
In order to create a bas-relief with your own hands, you can go through a master class and use special techniques and techniques.
Preparatory stage
Even the simplest stucco molding gives the room an elegant and solemn look.
When developing the design of any apartment or house, from the kitchen to the bedroom, you can use relief images.
Bas-reliefs harmoniously fit into the interiors of any style, from modern to fusion.
To create such paintings, you only need desire, accuracy and perseverance.
Before starting any serious business, you need to properly prepare, watch a master class or consult with your neighbors.
Practice shows that at first the wall or walls on which the bas-relief will be applied are selected.
It is very important to evaluate how the picture will be covered, natural light or with electric lamps.
The next step - among the abundance of paintings, you need to choose the one that will be molded in a specific place on the wall. Such decisions require time to think and choose a specific option.
It is not recommended to take on a genre painting with images of wild animals and brave hunters for a person who intends to make a bas-relief with his own hands for the first time.
The most suitable in this case will be images of flowers, leaves and fruits.
It will be useful to see the simplest master a class from a specialist who is professionally engaged in sculpting bas-reliefs for walls.
It is desirable to choose an image that is not complex, but not primitive either. In its original state, it should please the eye.
To do this, you need to collect the minimum set of tools that is used in this case:
- trowel;
- brush flat;
- palette knife;
- maklovitsa;
- masking tape;
- rubber gloves;
- film is transparent.
It will take and finishing material, which is used when leveling walls. The creation of a bas-relief is carried out in several steps.
Each step requires special primers and plastic materials.
Sequencing
In order to mold a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands, you can use the most different material. The most common are alabaster, clay, gypsum, gypsum-based plaster.
Looking through the master class on creating a bas-relief, you need to choose the most suitable texture for yourself.
It makes sense to create a bas-relief on a separate tablet. For this, drywall or fiberboard is suitable. The finished picture must be fixed in the place where it will serve as a decoration.
Step #1 - Image preparation
From among the pre-selected paintings, you need to take the most clearly traced.
The outline of a leaf or flower must be transferred to paper. Then a transparent film is applied on top.
And already on top of it the image is transferred.
The contour can be outlined with a pencil or a helium pen, so that it does not wear out.
Step number 2 - preparing the base
The basis for the bas-relief is prepared from acrylic putty or "Marseilles wax".
A layer of putty is applied to the gypsum board with a spatula and leveled.
After 15-20 minutes, after the material hardens a little, you need to transfer the image to the base.
To do this, a film stencil is placed on the base and the outline of the pattern is outlined with a hard pencil.
A relief image of a leaf or flower remains on the puttied surface.
Step number 3 - the formation of a picture
This stage can be called the longest and most responsible.
A master who is engaged in modeling from plasticine or clay will quickly cope with this matter. A person who does not have such experience will have to work hard.
The essence of the process is to give volume to the painted leaves or flowers.
Volumetric composition is not created in several steps. Putty is applied to certain areas of the picture not immediately, but gradually, layer by layer.
The material from which the three-dimensional figure is molded must be plastic and not harden immediately.
You need to prepare a putty of this consistency in advance.
Step number 4 - painting and fixing the bas-relief
When the bas-relief on the wall is finally molded with your own hands, it must be dried.
After that, all sharp edges and protruding corners are cleaned with fine sandpaper.
At this stage, the main thing is not to overdo it and do not scrape off the excess.
In the end, in order for the bas-relief on the wall to take on a complete look, its surface is primed and painted.
Most often three-dimensional picture painted with water-based paint.
Plaster bas-reliefs
Gypsum is a material that both professionals and beginners love to work with.
It is enough to view the master class with general recommendations by handling it and it will be easy to achieve results. Gypsum is mixed with PVA glue.
This mixture is similar to plasticine for sculpting individual elements of the picture. In order to get a three-dimensional image of a leaf or flower, you can simply buy the appropriate form in the store.
You need to pour a mixture of gypsum with glue into it and wait until it hardens. When the mixture hardens, carefully remove the resulting element from the mold and fix it on the wall in right place compositions.
Wall bas-reliefs made using artificial flowers harmoniously fit into the interior design. Fabric, paper or plastic is the material that is used to make flowers.
Alabaster or a mixture of plaster and PVA glue is diluted in a trough-type container. The consistency of the solution should be like that of sour cream or yogurt.
A flower made of fabric or plastic needs to be dipped several times into the solution. It is important to ensure that there are no streaks that quickly harden.
After each dipping, a pause is maintained, during which the solution slightly hardens. When the texture of the flower acquires a uniform saturation, the procedure can be completed.
After the flowers have completely hardened, they need to be fixed on the panel with thick alabaster. From individual fragments, a composition is made up to the entire wall.
Concluding the master class on making a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands, it should be noted that there is nothing complicated in this technology.
In this context, it should be emphasized that the bas-reliefs on the wall are one of the types of decoration.
Rich compositions that claim to be of aesthetic value should preferably be made under the supervision of an artist or decorator.
Simple drawings for walls work equally well with masters and diligent and purposeful beginners.
After reading the material, you have learned how to make a bas-relief, and now you can surprise your relatives and friends with an amazing technique.
When designing the interior, the emphasis is increasingly placed on the originality and uniqueness of the design style. In this case, preference is given to the bas-relief. This technique of creating three-dimensional images is quite painstaking and time-consuming. However, once you have mastered the technology of how to make a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands, you can bring any design solutions to life.
Types of bas-reliefs
This style of interior design is performed using various techniques:
- Low relief bas-relief. The image protrudes slightly above the plane of the wall, has an attractive appearance in all types of lighting, except for very dim.
- High relief bas-relief (high relief). The figures protrude above the surface, but at the same time no more than half of their real volume. Looks good in diffused lighting.
- Bas-relief made with mixed media. It is a medium option between low and high relief. The image has a moderate degree of three-dimensional figures. Looks advantageous in normal home lighting (uniform and fairly bright).
- Reverse bas-relief (counter-relief). Created by cutting contours inwards. It is a carving on a stone surface, not stucco. The counter-relief needs sharp oblique and bright lighting, since the pattern creates a shadow.
- shadow bas-relief. The image is formed by shadows from small depressions, slots, protrusions various shapes. An extremely complex type of bas-relief, capable of changing during the day when changing the direction and angle of illumination. Over time, depressions, slots, protrusions change shape (for example, after cleaning from dust), and the image loses its original image.
The types of bas-reliefs for interior design are varied. Based on the created image, they are:
- ornamental, on which there are patterns;
- plot-pictorial, represented by the picture.
A self-created bas-relief is always unique and inimitable.
Creation Techniques
- Free plastering of individual (not fixed on the wall surface) non-removable models. This method is great for beginners as it is the simplest technique that allows you to edit an image multiple times without having to redo all the work. Using this method, you can create different types bas-reliefs.
- Plastering directly on the wall of non-removable models. Suitable for beginners, it differs from the previous method in that the work takes place immediately on the reference plane.
- Reverse casting from plaster according to the model. The model is created using the formed mold. This is a more complicated method, however, it allows you to work with the model for a long time, bringing it to perfection. Using this technique, it is possible to create a sufficiently large number of identical products.
- Plaster molding directly on the wall. This artistic method is for experienced craftsmen, as it requires certain skills. It allows you to create paintings, panels in the entire wall, intricate patterns with entry to the ceiling and rounding corners.
In the manufacture of a whole or prefabricated bas-relief, a drawing or its separate fragments can be created on a sheet of drywall.
Drywall is attached to a leveled wall. You can work with it as directly on supporting surface, as well as separately from it. The joints of the parts are putty with the base composition.
You can not fix drywall with a bas-relief on weak walls, bearing base should be strong.
materials
To independently create a bas-relief, you can use gypsum, gypsum plaster, papier-mache, alabaster, clay and more. For beginners, it is preferable to choose materials, focusing also on the application technique.
Gypsum
The main material in the creation of stucco. It lends itself well to processing, while being durable and light, so it is suitable even for beginners. Gypsum has a noble clean White color, paints and varnishes fit well on it.
Plaster
It is recommended for creating thick layers, and it is necessary to wait for each of them to dry before applying the next. When wet, the plaster is malleable, well adjusted, if necessary, it can be sanded. Material should be purchased, designed for a layer of 5 or more centimeters.
Mixture
This is a composition of architectural gypsum, plaster and PVA glue in a ratio of 1: 1: 0.5. Dry gypsum and plaster are poured with water, based on the required density, and PVA is added.
Putty
For beginners, it is recommended to create a bas-relief from putty, since you can do all the work only with this material. It can also be used for thin layers. In this case, it is used finishing putty or ready in buckets.
Papier mache
The papier-mâché bas-relief has a greater strength than that of plaster. At the same time, the material perfectly forms the volume, supple, dries quickly.
Styrofoam
Complex figures for bas-relief can be cut out of foam. This material can become the basis of the product due to its low weight, especially in comparison with gypsum.
Tools
To create a bas-relief, you will need an extensive list of fixtures and tools:
It is important to properly care for the devices for creating a bas-relief. Tools should be kept in a clean state, there should be no residues of the composition on them. After work, the palette knife, brushes and disassembled syringe are placed in water. After soaking, the instruments are thoroughly washed. In the process of work, palette knives and brushes must be dipped in water each time before the next set of composition.
Stages
First of all, when creating a bas-relief, you need to decide on the wall on which the three-dimensional image will be located. You need to choose a reliable supporting surface. It is equally important to evaluate the lighting of this area. The drawing and the order of its creation also need to be thought out in advance.
It is better for beginners to refuse to perform complex figures and picturesque paintings, it is recommended to start with the image of berries, fruits, leaves. The creation of a bas-relief occurs gradually in the following stages.
Preparation
The selected wall must be prepared by cleaning it of old coatings. The surface needs to be leveled (no worse than 2 millimeters per meter), primed. In this case, it is preferable to use a deep penetration primer. After drying, the choice of material is applied: base mixture, decorative plaster, etc.
In the case of a prefabricated bas-relief, drywall does not require alignment. Next, a background texture is applied over the base coat with a roller and the base is tinted. For decorative plaster these steps are not followed.
Sculpting and installing relief
This stage is the most time-consuming and, based on the skills of the master and the selected image, can be performed in various ways.
Plastering individual models
Consider this method using the example of plastering artificial flowers.
For this, a liquid solution of architectural gypsum is being prepared. Each model flower is dipped in the mixture and laid out on a surface covered with plastic film. It is important that their position is the same as it will be directly on the wall.
When the composition sets, the model is dipped into the solution again and so on until the layer of gypsum on it is 1-1.5 millimeters. Install such a bas-relief by gluing to the wall with acrylic adhesive or PVA.
Plastering individual models on the wall
This method differs from the previous one in that the models are formed on the wall or glued to it, and only then processed with plaster. The solution in this case has the consistency of sour cream.
When working, it is important to pay attention to the material of the model. soft plastic over time (after 3-7 years) it decomposes, which is manifested by the appearance of spots on the bas-relief. It is recommended to use salted dough.
The recipe for making it is simple: mix a glass of flour and salt with half a glass of water. Such models are able to maintain their original appearance for up to half a century. Their installation on the wall is carried out using mounting or acrylic adhesive. The gypsum mixture is applied gradually in thin layers up to 15 times.
Reverse casting from plaster
This method involves the manufacture of a mold with which a model is formed. This method is suitable for the image bunch of grapes with identical berries.
To create a silicone mold, a grape and a small container are made from plasticine, where silicone sealant is poured, and a berry is immediately inserted halfway.
After drying, the silicone mold is ready. A gypsum solution is poured into it (sour cream consistency) and after setting, a finished model of grapes is obtained.
This form can be used multiple times. You can install the model on the wall using glue (acrylic or mounting).
flat modeling
This is a painstaking and laborious method. First of all, it requires drawing the contour of the image on the main surface. If the work takes place on a separate material, and then attached to the wall, they make a slab for relief.
To do this, a box with low sides is knocked down from 4 rails and plywood, sometimes you can even get by with a candy box. The form is covered with a film and, having straightened the folds, the solution prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions is poured. After drying, the contour of the desired pattern will be transferred.
To do this, the image is covered with a transparent film and circled with a pen or marker. Then the film is applied to the plate or directly to the wall and a contour is drawn with a pencil, its trace remains on the base surface.
For the same purpose, bas-relief stencils are used, which can be purchased at a hardware store or made independently. Stencils are transparent plastic templates with holes in the shape of various shapes.
After applying the contours of the image, a gradual increase in volume is performed. The mixture in this case has the consistency of dough and is applied in layers. Each next layer is applied to the set, but still wet, previous one. Work begins with the most small parts and gradually moves to large ones. You can deepen the drawing using a chisel.
When installing a bas-relief, which is made on a separate plate, tile glue is used. With a large weight (more than 2 kilograms of the product per 1 square decimeter of the wall), self-tapping screws or corrugated nails are used. After the seams between the plates and the fastenings, they are covered with grout (putty or alabaster).
The method of deepening into the wall is also used, in which a niche for the bas-relief is previously created in it. When creating an image immediately on the wall, the relief is sanded, dust is removed and covered with a primer.
Modeling in place
This method requires artistic skills. It is used to create vines on the wall. To do this, an image is drawn on the supporting surface with a pencil. In this case, the center of the composition should be more convex, gradually decreasing towards the edges.
A bas-relief depicting branches or vines can be made from ropes or pieces of cloth. To do this, tear the fabric into strips of 4 centimeters. For the most convex part of the image, use the wire, wrapping it with a rope or rags soaked in a plaster solution.
The wire frame makes up the "skeleton" of the protruding figures, ensuring their strength. With a smaller convexity of the branches, the fabric is folded in the form of ropes and, after wetting with a plaster composition, is placed along the contour of the pattern.
Further, with the help of a spatula and gypsum, the irregularities of the pattern are smoothed out on the surface of the wall. Small branches are formed using confectionery and medical syringes. Finished bas-relief must be carefully polished, if necessary, correcting the image. Next, the surface must be primed and painted to give a decorative and water-repellent effect.
toning
It can be carried out even at the stage of forming the basis for the bas-relief or when creating its individual details. In this case, thin layers are superimposed, each of which is tinted with a color for gypsum: the deeper, the darker the shade.
After creating a bas-relief and completely drying, you can paint it on top using acrylic paints or special for plaster moldings. At the same time, the former are more saturated, while the latter can be shaded into halftones with a damp sponge. It is not recommended to use brushes when painting a bas-relief in order to avoid the appearance of stripes.
Final processing
To preserve the original appearance, the dried bas-relief is covered with styrene-butadiene latex. This ensures color saturation, because without such processing, the paint fades and fades.
1-2 weeks after applying the latex, it is recommended to varnish the bas-relief with acrylic varnish.
