Medicinal plant black mulberry. What is useful black mulberry

Mulberry has been cultivated since ancient times. More than 150 of its species are known, many fruit, fodder and ornamental varieties.

Mulberry varieties

Of the one and a half hundred species, hardly a tenth of their total number has become widespread. We grow white, black and red mulberries. In nature, satin (fodder) mulberry is found. In America, a variety of interest is common high quality wood (the berries of the plant are inedible).

Varieties of white mulberry

White mulberry can have not only white, but also pink, yellow and even black fruits. The fact is that this variety got its name due to the light (grayish) color of the bark. The black mulberry has a dark bark. Despite their southern origin, white mulberry successfully adapts to the conditions of the northern regions.

In China, this particular variety of mulberry was grown for breeding silkworms (black mulberry has tougher leaves). Popular varieties:

Diana
Masha
Snow White
white tenderness
white honey
Darkie
Luganochka
Black Baroness

Mulberry Black Baroness: variety description

One of the most popular varieties of white mulberry is the Black Baroness. As the name implies, the berries of this variety are black in color. The fruits are large (3.5 cm by 1.5 cm). The aroma of the berries is weak, the taste is sweet. The yield of the variety is high and stable. The ripening season is June-July. Plants withstand winter temperatures down to -30 °C.

Description of the mulberry variety White honey

Another popular variety white mulberry - White honey. The plant is winter-hardy, self-pollinating, high-yielding. The taste of juicy berries is very sweet. Their ripening season is June-July.

Varieties of black mulberry

Iran is considered the birthplace of black mulberry. The berries of this variety have a sweet and sour taste (white fruits have less flavor nuances). The color of the bark of black mulberry is red-brown. Black mulberry is more capricious in terms of lowering the temperature - the plants freeze slightly with a serious "minus". Popular varieties:

Royal
Fruit-4
Staromoskovskaya
Black Pearl
Black Prince
Shelly-150
Hope

Mulberry Nadezhda: variety description

The tree of this variety reaches a height of 10 m. The fruits are very dark and large (5 cm in length). The ripening season is July. Berries hold well on branches. The fruits have a sweet and sour taste. The yield of the variety is high and stable. Plants tolerate frost well.

Large varieties of mulberry

Small-fruited mulberry varieties often delight with the sweet taste of berries, but they have a serious disadvantage - it is quite difficult to harvest. Large-fruited varieties attract gardeners with the size and taste of berries, and therefore are in priority. The most popular large-fruited varieties:

Black Prince
Shelly-150
Black Pearl
white tenderness

Description of the mulberry variety Shelly-150

This variety is recognized for its large and sweet berries (5.5 cm long, weight 4-6 g). The fruiting season begins at the end of May. The fruits are dark colored. The variety is productive. Fruit transportability is average.

Decorative varieties of mulberries

Ornamental mulberry varieties are popular, such as Laciniata (its distinctive feature is beautiful carved leaves), Aurea (with yellow leaves), Globos (the tree of this variety has a beautiful spherical crown), Pyramidalis (the variety is characterized by a pyramidal crown shape).

Mulberry varieties for Russia

What varieties of mulberry are suitable for the Moscow region and middle lane Russia? Many varieties are able to withstand frosts down to -30 ° C, but it should be taken into account that the roots of the plant freeze slightly at -7 ° C ... -10 ° C. When planting mulberries in this region, the root neck of the seedling is deepened, and the root is mulched for winter. Prevents the normal development of mulberry and short daylight hours. In the Moscow region, it is recommended to grow a plant in the form of a bush, and not a tree, as in southern regions. In the middle lane, varieties of white mulberry have taken root - black tolerates low temperatures worse. Popular frost-resistant varieties of mulberries:

Vladimirskaya
Staromoskovskaya
Royal
white honey

Description of the mulberry variety Staromoskovskaya

White mulberry Staromoskovskaya has a spherical crown. You can grow a plant in the form of a weeping form. The berries are sweet, almost black, 2-3 cm long. The plant is frost-resistant. When looking for a self-fertile mulberry variety, opt for the Staromoskovskaya variety - the plant is able to produce berries without a pollinator variety.

Mulberry: the best varieties

It is difficult to say which kind of mulberry is worthy of the title of the best. If you prefer the rich taste of berries, opt for black mulberries. If you love exquisite sweetness, plant white mulberry seedlings in your garden. If conditions are not favorable for pollination of plants, order a self-fertile variety from the nursery. Choose large-fruited varieties and be sure to take into account the climatic conditions of your region.

People have been growing mulberries since ancient times. Even in ancient times in southern countries, the leaves of this plant, eaten by a silkworm, were used to make a strong and beautiful thread. Mulberry is valued for decorative qualities. And, of course, many people like sweet fruits that are eaten raw, used to make juices, compotes, preserves and jams.

Features of growing mulberries

To soil conditions, mulberry is quite unpretentious, but does not develop well on dry, saline, waterlogged soils. If the land on the site is acidic, then the intended planting site of the mulberry must be cultivated by adding slaked lime, dolomite flour or chalk. Mulberry is planted in a sunny place protected from the wind.

Mulberry is unpretentious, but will give a greater harvest in a sunny place.

Planting mulberries

Mulberries are planted in April (before sap flow) or in autumn. The planting scheme is as follows: on the site, retreat from the existing trees 5 m, between the newly planted mulberry trees there should be at least 4 m. . The planted tree is watered, the trunk circle is mulched.

Video: planting and caring for a mulberry seedling

Mulberry Care

Mulberry care has its own characteristics:

To get a bigger harvest, mulberries need to be fed by introducing rotted manure or compost into the trunk circle.
To protect against frost and in regions with cold winters, mulberry seedlings can be covered with agrotex, straw, coniferous branches.
When growing heat-loving plants, including mulberry, in regions with sharp temperature changes, it is necessary to remember the danger of damage to trunks and branches by spring return frosts. Therefore, in the spring, after removing the covering material, it is advisable to leave it next to the tree for the fastest re-shelter in case of a threat of frost.
Damaged and diseased branches are cut out in autumn at an air temperature not lower than -10 o C.
Trees are watered in the first half of summer, so as not to cause rapid pre-winter growth of shoots, which is fraught with freezing of the tree.
To give decorativeness and facilitate harvesting, it is advisable to form mulberry trees 2–4 m high. In this case, you need to leave a stem of 0.5–1 m, up to this height side shoots cut.

Recently, the interest of connoisseurs of decorative living compositions has been aroused by the standard weeping mulberry. To form a weeping shape, the branches are cut into lower and lateral buds. Strong pruning with this crown shape will not spoil appearance tree, but will reduce the yield.

Standard weeping mulberry will decorate the site

Mulberry species

Of the wide variety of species and hybrids of mulberry (according to some sources, there are about 200), white mulberry and black mulberry have become widespread in Russia and Ukraine.

Black mulberry got its name from dark color trunks and branches of trees. The plant has purple-black fruits with a more fragrant sweet taste compared to white mulberry. Black culture is more thermophilic than white culture.

The mulberry tree lives for about 200 years.

Black mulberry has a dark trunk and branches

Video: black mulberry

Varieties of black mulberry:

Mulberry Shelley No. 150 has large leaves and fruits

white mulberry

White mulberry is named after light color trunks and branches of trees. The fruits of this species can have different colors: white, pink, cream, black. The species is more frost-resistant compared to other types of mulberry, which makes it possible to grow it not only in the southern, but also in the northern regions of Russia and Ukraine. In the south, under more familiar conditions, the tree reaches a height of 10–15 m, in the north - 5 m. Fruits of a sweet taste.

Photo gallery: white mulberry features

White mulberry has a light trunk White mulberry fruits can be of different colors The white mulberry got its name from the color of the branches, not the fruit.

Varieties of white mulberry:

Black Baroness. Variety of selection of agricultural company "Rostok" from the Belgorod region, frost-resistant (can withstand cold down to -30 ° C). It has black fruits of sweet taste with a weak aroma, up to 3.5 cm long, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. It bears fruit in June - July, the yield is high - up to 100 kg per tree. When freezing, quickly restores shoots.
Mulberry Black Baroness easily survives frosts
White honey. A popular frost-resistant variety, it resists diseases well. A plant with a dense broad-pyramidal crown. Sweet juicy fruits of honey taste, without aroma, white color. Fruit length - up to 3 cm, diameter - 1 cm. Harvesting begins at the end of June and continues until early August. Fresh berries practically do not endure transportation. In the case of freezing of young branches after pruning, the plant quickly grows and restores productivity.
Fresh mulberries White honey practically do not endure transportation
Darkie. Another variety of the Rostok agricultural company. The name is associated with almost black fruits. It is frost resistant (tolerates cold down to -30°C). When young branches freeze, it quickly grows and restores productivity. The tree has a broad pyramidal crown. The fruits are sweet, without aroma, with a slight sourness, up to 3.5 cm long, 1.2 cm in diameter. The variety is high yielding. Transportability is not bad (compared to other varieties of mulberry). Fresh berries can be stored for 12-18 hours.
Ostryakovskaya. Another variety of white mulberry with black fruits. A vigorous tree up to 5.5 m tall successfully tolerates frosts down to -25 o C. Large fleshy juicy seedlings have a sweet and sour taste. Due to the uneven ripening period of fruits, starting from mid-June, light, reddish and black berries can be found on one branch. The disadvantages of the variety include instability to diseases, damage by pests.
Ukrainian 6. White mulberry variety with black fruit. Bred in the Ukrainian Research Institute of Silkworm. It is frost resistant (up to -28°C). Begins to bear fruit in the 4-5th year. Sweet, without acid, large fruits ripen from the beginning of June, reach a size of 4 cm or more, with a diameter of up to 0.8 cm. Productivity is average. The plant is vigorous, with a dense spherical crown. Fresh seeds can be stored for more than 12 hours. Fruit transportability is good. The tree is decorative, used in landscaping. In the case of freezing of young branches after pruning, the plant quickly restores an attractive appearance, as well as productivity.
White tenderness. The variety is early ripe (fruits ripen from the beginning of June), the offering lasts about 2 months. It has good winter hardiness and disease resistance. The plant is vigorous, the crown is compact. In the first years of life, the leaves are large, with an increase in yield, they become smaller. The fruits are juicy, large, white. The taste is sweet, but rainy weather worsens, the berries lose their sweetness.
Mulberry White tenderness has good winter hardiness, disease resistance
Pink Smolenskaya. A new frost-resistant mid-early variety (begins to bear fruit from the beginning of July). The plant is unpretentious, the fruits appear in the 1st year after planting the seedling. Sweet pink or red buds 2–3 cm long. The plant has an attractive leaf shape and multi-colored fruits, which can be used in the preparation of decorative compositions in the garden.
Mulberry Pink Smolenskaya - multi-colored fruits

Mulberry varieties for growing in different regions

One of the main difference factors different regions are the climatic conditions ( Cold winter, the probability of the return of spring frosts, the number of sunny days per year, etc.). When planting a mulberry seedling, these factors must be taken into account.

For central Russia

Central Russia is characterized by cold winters, which are unpleasant for heat-loving plants. The probability of arrival of return frosts in the spring is high. In this regard, in this area, mulberry is formed in the form of a bush up to 5 m high. This is done to reduce the risk of frost damage to the entire aerial part of the plant.

In the southern part of the middle lane, the drought resistance of the variety must also be taken into account.

For these places, the varieties are applicable:

white honey,
black baroness,
Nadiya,
Darkie,
Ostryakovskaya,
Black Prince,
Vladimirskaya,
Ukrainian 6,
white tenderness,
Pink Smolenskaya.

For Northwest Russia

North-West of Russia is a difficult region for growing mulberries. For most varieties of the plant, more accustomed to the climatic conditions of the southern regions, cold winters are fatal. The lack of sunlight also has a negative effect. In this regard, it is necessary to choose early-ripening varieties, to form plants in the form of a bush up to 5 m high. The mulberry itself, under such conditions, will tend to grow in the form of a bush. It is only necessary to cut out dried, broken branches, and also to prevent thickening.

Mulberries should be planted only in a dry, well-lit place. Level ground water should be no higher than 1.5 m. For the winter, plants must be covered (with straw, coniferous branches, wrapped with agrotex). annual plants candig up and store in the cellar until spring to protect young seedlings from severe winter frosts.

You can experiment with varieties:

white honey,
Black Prince.

For Ukraine

For cultivation in Ukraine, varieties of Ukrainian selection are primarily suitable:

Shelley No. 150,
Galicia,
Nadiya,
Ukrainian 6.

According to climatic conditions, the possibility of obtaining fruits of high palatability will suit other varieties:

white honey,
black baroness,
Black Prince,
Black Pearl,
Darkie,
Hope,
white tenderness,
Ostryakovskaya
Pink Smolensk.

Mulberry (mulberry tree) is an evergreen, tall plant that grows in regions with a warm climate. The leaves of this tree serve as food for silkworms, which produce natural silk threads. Fruits are famous for their valuable medicinal properties. In the East, mulberry is called the king-tree, and old people are fed with mulberry to prolong their life.

Mulberry fruits contain organic acids, fructose, carotene, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, vitamins C, K, PP, group B. The antioxidants included in the composition prevent aging of the body, improve the condition of the skin and hair. Mulberry fruits are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, hypertension, tonsillitis and other diseases.

The most popular varieties

As for the classification, it is very confusing.

The Mulberry family includes 200 species of trees, and only a little over 15 of them are generally recognized.

There are 2 main forms of mulberry - black and white, which are divided into varieties. Let's get acquainted with the most remarkable representatives of a large genus.

white honey

One of the most famous varieties obtained by domestic breeders. Bred as a result of crossing several types of white mulberry. The tree is low. The pyramidal crown is quite dense. Fruits - elongated white drupes in length reach 3 cm. They attract with an unusual taste - sweet, with a honey aftertaste. Berries - soft, require increased care during transportation. The variety consistently gives good harvest and withstands low temperatures.

Smolensk pink

A great option for beginner gardeners.

Variety - easily adaptable to environmental conditions and easy to care for. Differs in good frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit in the first year after planting.

Fruits - the average size, pink or red color. Fragrant and sweet. beautiful shape leaves allows you to use trees as spectacular decoration land plot.

Fruit-1

An early ripe variety that produces large and juicy fruits. Harvesting can begin in June. The main advantages are long fruiting and bright taste. Berries are sweet with a pleasant sourness. The mulberry tree is of a dense consistency, it does not wrinkle during transportation. Distinctive feature- white inflorescences in rainy weather become pink in color. Don't be afraid - it's normal.

Merezhevo

If when choosing suitable variety for growing your goal is taste, then pay attention to Merezhevo. The hybrid obtained as a result of grafting white mulberry has many undeniable advantages. Fruiting lasts 1 month. Fruits - large, attractive pinkish-cream color. The taste is sickeningly sweet. However, it was not without its downsides. Berries quickly crumble, do not tolerate transportation well and are stored for a short time.

Fruit-4

Behind the short stature and compact size of the tree, good productivity is hidden. The fruiting period is long, the yield is good. Fruits - large (4 cm), color - black. The taste is sweet, with light refreshing notes. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and is perfect for commercial purposes. The mulberry tree does not lose its original characteristics during transportation.

Black Baroness

The variety fully justifies its original name. Obtained as a result of experiments of domestic breeders. The fruits are large (4 cm), deep black. Fragrant and very sweet. Ripen in July. Stored - 12 hours. Yield indicators are also at the "height" - one tree gives up to 100 kg. The black baroness easily tolerates a drop in temperature to -30 degrees. If necessary, adapts to any environmental conditions.

Shelly

A variety familiar to many gardeners. Highly decorative. Gives large fruits (5.5 cm). Fruiting begins at the end of June. Berries - long, dark, with a characteristic sheen. Taste is dessert.

Dense consistency makes it possible to transport large quantities without loss.

Those who want to grow mulberries for the purpose of resale should choose this particular variety.

Mulberry variety Shelly

Black Prince

Another priceless copy. It seems to be made up of merit. Easy to care for, resistant to drought, frost and disease. It is valued for the beauty of large and glossy berries, reaching a length of 5 cm. The color is black. The taste is unusual, honey. It is noteworthy that the mulberry tree is juicy, but at the same time it does not wrinkle during transportation and is stored for a long time.

Hartut

Fans of mulberry wine should plant this variety in their country house. Fruiting begins in the 3rd year of life. Yields are high and stable. Berries - large (5.5 cm), black. The thick juice obtained from them tastes like Cahors. The variety is actively used in winemaking and cooking. Easy to grow and disease resistant.

Ukrainian-6

Valued for its high decorativeness and excellent taste. Fruiting begins in June. The fruits are elongated, large (4 cm). Color - matte black. The taste is sweet. The tree tolerates frosts down to -30 degrees without consequences. During transportation, the berries do not lose their original appearance. Stored - more than 2 weeks.

Above are varieties intended for human consumption. However, there are many decorative varieties designed to embellish the environment. These include weeping mulberry, golden, pyramidal, Tatar, spherical. There are varieties that can be grown in small containers or pots. That is, the choice of variety will directly depend on what goals you are pursuing.

Various fruit trees grow in the garden. These are apple trees, pears, cherries, plums and cherries. However, the mulberry tree is quite rare in it. But in the recent past, it was very popular and affordable. The older generation of gardeners can tell a lot about useful plant which has now become exotic.

Varieties

An amazing long-liver comes from China. It has long been grown as a fodder crop. The leaves of the tree served as food for the silkworm - the producer of raw materials for the manufacture of a unique fabric. Gardeners grow the mulberry tree belonging to the genus Morus not for silk production, but as an ornamental and fruit crop. The genus consists of twenty-four species. Of these, white and black mulberries are fruitful, the distinguishing characteristic of which is the color of the bark of an adult plant. Many gardeners mistakenly believed that mulberry trees are distinguished by the color of the berries. However, this is not at all the case.

White mulberry has a light bark color. But the berries can be white, cream, pink, purple or completely black. The numerous genus Morus is represented by dioecious and rarely monoecious trees. Most of them thermophilic plants, which can be grown in the southern regions. Only white mulberry in the middle lane does not freeze slightly, grows well and bears fruit.

Description

Not every fruit plant boasts of its durability. Within two hundred or even three hundred years, a mulberry tree will give birth, without changing its qualities over time. A spreading tree reaches a height of twenty to thirty-five meters. Often it is formed in the form of a two- or three-meter bush. The bark is light. The spherical crown is densely covered with oval foliage.

The spike-shaped inflorescences of the mulberry tree are small. They are light green in color. A dioecious or less commonly monoecious plant is pollinated by the wind. The fruits of the drupe are formed in the form of small infructescences. They have a pleasant sweet taste. Depending on the variety, the berries can be painted in different colors. White mulberry ripens from May to July. It bears fruit in the fifth year after planting. The yield is high. The berry picking period is somewhat extended due to unfriendly ripening. They are non-transportable and poorly stored, consumed immediately after removal.

This mulberry tree is winter-hardy and drought-resistant. These qualities characterize the plant as quite hardy and unpretentious. It is suitable for areas with any type of soil. In addition to these advantages, the mulberry tree is medicinal plant. The fruits are high in vitamins. In addition, they contain flavonoid, morin, carotene, fatty acids, iron salts. Not only berries have medicinal properties. The bark and leaves of the tree are also used for medicinal purposes.

Mulberry varieties

White mulberry can act as a fodder, fruit and ornamental crop. They are represented various varieties with individual properties.

So, among the fruitful varieties, white honey mulberry is quite attractive. It is characterized by relative frost resistance and unpretentiousness, resistance to diseases. A tall deciduous tree with a wide crown. Simple oval leaves are painted in light green color. Inflorescences spike-shaped. Juicy fruits are white.

Taste qualities are good. Long harvesting begins at the end of June. Uneven fruit ripening lasts until early August. Fresh berries are stored for no more than six hours. They practically do not tolerate transportation.

Mulberry white variety Baroness is a deciduous dioecious plant. Dense, well leafy crown has a spherical shape. Flowers are dioecious. They have a light color and form a spike-shaped inflorescence. large berries, which are 3.5 cm in size and 1.5 cm in diameter, are densely colored black. Fragrant complex drupe has a sweet pleasant taste. Unlike the previous variety, the fruits are relatively transportable. The shelf life is twelve hours. The variety is high yielding.

The berry picking period is June-July. This mulberry tree is an unpretentious plant with high frost-resistant performance. Mulberry in central Russia winters well.

Mulberry Smuglyanka is a tall sprawling tree that has a pyramidal crown. Large fruits reach three centimeters. Black berries are very juicy. Taste qualities are excellent. Slightly sour taste does not spoil the berries. This variety is less winter-hardy than Baroness. AT winter period branches may freeze. An unpretentious plant has a high yield. Fruit ripening occurs at the beginning of July.

Except fruit species, there are more than four hundred decorative forms. Mulberry varieties differ in the shape and color of the crown and foliage. it showy plants, which are used in landscape design. Beautiful tree and shrub compositions, alleys and hedges, which include mulberry trees. Their openwork crown goes well with evergreens.

Weeping white mulberry

A low-growing tree or shrub reaches a height and width of up to three meters. It has a very decorative look. The elongated branches of the mulberry tree hang down. This form is indispensable in landscape design and will decorate any garden.

dark green big leaves, whose length can be from eight to twenty centimeters, are heart-shaped. In autumn they turn yellow. The flowering period is May-June. Mulberry bears few fruits. They are edible and have a pleasant sweet taste.

In addition, there are spherical, dissected-leaved, Tatar and golden forms of white mulberry. Each of them has its own advantages and is widely used for single or group plantings.

Landing

Often summer residents do not dare to plant mulberry trees, because on small area space is limited. "Is my garden suitable for trendy exotics?" - such a question arises among gardeners when choosing one or another variety of a long-lived giant.

Growing mulberry provides several ways to form a plant that will limit the height. A tall, powerful spreading tree requires a larger feeding area. Mulberry planting is carried out according to the scheme 5 x 6 m. When the height of the mulberry tree is limited and grown in the form of a bush, the scheme is different and is 2 x 3 m. White mulberry is unpretentious. It grows equally well both in adverse urban conditions and in suburban areas. summer cottages. Well-lit should be a corner of the garden in which mulberries will grow. Planting and caring for mulberry trees comply with generally accepted rules for fruit trees. Planted seedlings in early spring. The seat must be such as not to damage the root system. For better rooting, a mixture of humus and sand is added to the hole. Water thoroughly and cover the planting hole with soil. Around the stem of the seedling, the soil is mulched with peat. In autumn, planting is carried out one and a half months before the onset of frost.

Agricultural technology

Care consists in removing weeds, loosening the soil and regular watering. It is especially important to monitor newly planted plants. The presence of weeds that are detrimental to plants is not allowed in near-trunk circles. Regular weeding and mulching with humus or peat will contribute to their normal and rapid growth. During the summer season, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied. This agricultural technique is very important for the normal development of mulberries and obtaining good yields. Fertilization is carried out during bud break. For one square meter you need fifty grams of nitrophoska. After fertilization, the soil is heavily watered. In early July, stop watering. During this period, feeding should also not be carried out. Enhanced nutrition will promote the growth of young shoots, which will freeze in winter.

pruning

So that the tree does not grow tall and looks well-groomed, its crown is formed, limiting growth to three meters. In addition, last year's young growths in winter may freeze slightly. They need to be removed. Mulberry pruning has no individual characteristics. Sanitary and anti-aging techniques are carried out, which are performed following generally accepted recommendations for fruit trees and shrubs. The mulberry tree tolerates a haircut perfectly. This reception should be regular. Crown thinning is carried out annually. In this case, diseased, damaged and weak branches are subject to removal. Also cut crossed shoots.

Obtaining seed material

White mulberry ripens in summer. Ripe fruits are suitable for seeds. After harvesting, some of the berries are left in the sun. They are slightly overripe. Then for a few days they are placed in a container.

Juicy fruits should turn sour. Then they are ground in water. Full-weight seeds sink to the bottom of the container. This mass is rubbed through a fine sieve. The resulting seeds are dried. They must be used throughout the year. They quickly lose their viability.

seed propagation

There are several ways to obtain young plants. Possible seed reproduction. This method begins with stratification. Seeds are kept at a temperature of zero or five degrees for a month. Pre-prepare the greenhouse. In early April, mulberry will be sown in it. Reproduction in this way allows you to have forty-centimeter seedlings already in the autumn.

Vaccinations on frost-resistant rootstock

In order to preserve the maternal characteristics of a particular variety, grafting will be more effective. This method is more complicated. It requires careful selection of material for reproduction. Quite often, winter mulberry grafting is used. As a stock, young plants of frost-resistant mulberry varieties grown from seeds are used. They are dug up and stored in wet sawdust. Storage temperature should be zero degrees. Scions are also stored in wet sawdust. After vaccination planting material placed in boxes and kept at a temperature of twenty-five degrees. After that, they are stored in wet sawdust at zero temperature until spring.

Mulberry grafting in the spring is performed on last year's stocks. This event falls on the period before bud break. Used cuttings cut in autumn. They are stored all winter in wet sawdust at zero temperature.

Can be grafted in the summer. To do this, use the blanks of the current year.

Reproduction by green cuttings

Planting material is harvested in the second decade of June. Green shoots are suitable, the length of which is at least fifteen centimeters. They are cut from non-lignified branches. The blanks are processed by removing the lower leaves and shortening the upper ones by half. Before rooting, the cuttings are kept for six hours in an aqueous solution of heteroauxin.

Or they are placed in a mixture of sand and peat, which is moistened with this solution. Green cuttings are rooted in closed ground. The main condition is high humidity. For creating greenhouse effect cover with polyethylene film.

Diseases and pests

Like any culture, white mulberry is susceptible to infection. It can be affected by diseases such as bacteriosis, powdery mildew and root rot.

In the spring, preventive spraying of the tree with special preparations is carried out.

There are also many pests in the mulberry tree. Khrushchi, Medvedka, mulberry barbel, wireworm and spider mite damage various parts of the plant. To combat them, mechanical and chemical methods. In the autumn period, fallen leaves must be removed and burned.

Features of harvesting

White mulberry is characterized by an extended period of fruiting. Berries ripen unevenly. On the one hand, this is good. For a longer period, the mulberry tree will delight with ripe juicy fruits. However, ripe fruits should be removed in a timely manner. Almost all varieties of white mulberry are poorly stored. They are non-transportable. If the harvest is delayed, the berries fall off, which leads to their spoilage. After removal, the fruits are immediately processed or consumed in fresh.

Useful properties of white mulberry

The medicinal properties of mulberry have been known for a long time. Eating fresh berries improves general condition person. White mulberry contributes to the normalization of the nervous system. It is included in diets for weight loss. Low-calorie berry perfectly normalizes metabolism. In addition, the plant cleanses the intestines and promotes the removal of toxins. Mulberries are most often consumed fresh. It is also subjected to culinary processing. It is suitable for preparations for the future. You can make juices, syrups, jams and marmalades. Wines and liqueurs have an exquisite taste. It is also dried. In this form, it is used instead of sugar. White mulberry is indispensable in cosmetology. It is included in various masks for hair, face and body.

However, with all the advantages, one should not forget about the individual characteristics of the organism. Like any medicine, the use of mulberry has contraindications. Overuse can be harmful. Berries are not recommended for diabetics. For them, dried mulberry leaves will be more useful.

Mulberry is a tall (10-30 m) deciduous tree of the Mulberry family. Mulberry cultivation is practiced in many countries of the world. In the East, it is bred for the sake of the leaves on which it feeds silkworm(its pupae serve as raw material for the production of silk). In our country, these trees are grown to obtain fruits - juicy drupes of black, white or pinkish color with a thin skin and a sweet dessert taste. Despite the diversity of species and varieties of mulberry, no more than two dozen are grown in culture, a description of which will be presented in this article.

Varieties

The classification of mulberry is quite extensive and ambiguous. The Mulberry genus includes about 200 plant species, only 17 of which are considered universally recognized and are cultivated in different parts of the world. The remaining species are represented by fruit, fodder and ornamental hybrids that do not have a clear classification.

Of the variety of forms and types, three main ones are distinguished, depending on the color of the fruit: black, white and red mulberries, which, in turn, are divided into varieties.

Mulberry black and white are considered the most common. They land everywhere: in India, Afghanistan, Portugal, Spain, including in the south and in the regions of central Russia. White mulberry came to us from eastern China, where it has been grown for more than 3 thousand years as food for the silkworm. From China, the plant migrated to Central Asia, and then to Transcaucasia. Mulberry came to Europe around the 12th century, and to Russia in the 17th century, but not all territories had a suitable climate for growing it, so the culture moved to the regions of the Caucasus and the Volga region.

White mulberry, in comparison with other species, is low (13-18 m). Its crown is compact, spherical, but sometimes spreading. The trunk and main branches have a light grayish-brown color, due to which this variety was called “white”, since its fruits are not only light, but also pink, yellow, and even black. White mulberries are considered the sweetest - they contain from 12 to 23% of sugars. These trees have a very decorative appearance - multi-colored seedlings in combination with foliage of various shapes make it possible to use plants in garden and park construction.

The red mulberry comes from eastern America. The trees are low (10-15 m) with large (up to 14 cm) heart-shaped foliage and a dense voluminous crown. The bark of the trunk and large branches is brown, rough. The fruit is a purple drupe 2-3 cm long, resembling a slightly unripe blackberry in appearance. It is quite sweet (up to 11% sugar), and, in comparison with white and black berries, can be stored longer. In terms of frost resistance, red mulberry is superior to white, but it is not so common in gardens.

Black mulberry is native to Central Asia (Iran and Afghanistan). The trees of this species are tall, with a spreading crown and large ovate or heart-shaped dark green leaves. The bark of the trunk is dark, brown in color. The berry is black or dark blue, large size (2-5 cm), very juicy, sweet and sour taste. Trees are undemanding to the soil, they tolerate heat and drought well, but they are thermophilic, so there will be a big return on them in the southern regions.

Almost all types of mulberry are dioecious plants (male and female flowers located on different trees), therefore, for pollination, it is necessary to plant two trees side by side, however, there is also a self-fertile mulberry, the pollination of which occurs mainly with the help of wind. The culture grows very quickly and is easily grafted - several varieties can grow on one tree at the same time, with different colors of seedlings. Mulberry trees are long-lived - their life expectancy can be from 150 to 500 years.

Video "Features of growing mulberries"

From the video you will learn how to grow mulberry.

White varieties

As you know, white mulberries can have different colors of fruit, but in order to make it easier for a simple layman to figure out which variety of berries have exactly a light color, a list of the most basic white-fruited varieties is offered:

White honey. A very popular hybrid of domestic selection in amateur gardening, obtained by free pollination of the best samples of white mulberry. A medium-sized tree, the crown is dense, pyramidal. Seed fruit - elongated white drupes 3 cm long with a sweet honey taste. Fruiting is regular, the yield is high. The trees are frost-resistant (withstand up to -30 ° C), after frost they quickly recover. The berries are very tender, so they are transported and stored poorly.
White tenderness. Frost-resistant variety with high productivity. Fruiting begins in early June and lasts for 2 months. Seedlings of pure white color, long, sweet in taste, but in rainy weather the taste worsens (becomes neutral).
Mulberry pink Smolensk. New early (beginning of July) variety for home gardening. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, begins to bear fruit in the first year of planting. Seed fruit - small (2-3 cm), pinkish or red, very sweet. Due to the special shape of the leaves and multi-colored seedlings, the culture is often used as decorative element garden.
Fruit-1. An early ripe (June) variety with white seedlings, which tend to turn pink in rainy weather. The berries are large (3 cm), sweet taste with slight sourness. Yield per high level, the fruiting period is long. The berries are juicy, but quite dense, can be transported.
Ukrainian-107. Mid-season (July) hybrid with light pink, large (2.5-3 cm) seedlings. The taste is dessert, sweet, the fruits are transportable. The resistance of trees to frost and disease is high. Fruiting is plentiful, begins from 3 years. The yield from an adult tree is 15-17 kg.
Merezhevo. A hybrid obtained by grafting white mulberry. Mid-season (first decade of July), fruiting lasts 1 month. Infructescences are pinkish-creamy, large in size, cloyingly sweet in taste, easily fall off the tree, and are not stored for a long time.

black varieties

And here everything is ambiguous - many varieties with dark (black berries) belong to white mulberry, but in order to avoid confusion, this section will present varieties whose seedlings have characteristic description black color:

Fruit-4. chokeberry productive variety with rather large (up to 4 cm) berries. The plant is compact, low (up to 5 m). Fruiting is regular, plentiful, stretched, the total yield is very high. The variety is frost-resistant, suitable for commercial cultivation. Fruits of sweet refreshing taste, dense, well transported.
Black baroness (white mulberry). Domestic variety obtained from free pollination. The fruits are large (3.5-4 cm), rich black color, dessert taste, with a slight sweetish aroma. The variety is frost-resistant (does not freeze at -30 ° C), mid-season (ripens in early July), unpretentious to conditions. Productivity is high - adult, large plant capable of producing up to 100 kg of berries per season. Transportability is average, the shelf life of berries is up to 12 hours.
Smuglyanka (refers to white mulberry). A self-fertile hybrid obtained from the pollination of a white variety. The trees are large, with a dense spreading crown. Seed fruit - one-dimensional, cylindrical, large (3.5-4 cm), black in color, sour-sweet in taste. Fruiting is regular, the yield is high. The variety is frost-resistant, quickly restored. Berries are transportable, stored for 12-18 hours.
Ukrainian-6. The universal variety, created in the Ukrainian research institute, produces tasty berries, can be used to feed the silkworm, as well as for decorative purposes. The fruits are long, large (up to 4 cm), black, matte in color and have a sweet dessert taste. Fruiting is plentiful, earlier (beginning of June). Frost resistance is high (can withstand up to -30 ° C). The transportability of berries is good, storage - more than 12 hours.

Large varieties

Varieties are considered large-fruited, giving seedlings of at least 4-5 cm. These include:

Mulberry Istanbul. A highly productive frost-resistant variety with large (up to 5 cm) dark purple seedlings. The ripening period is late (end of July - beginning of August), fruiting is plentiful, starting from the age of 4.
Mulberry Shelley. Early (late June) large-fruited variety with decorative large leaves and no less attractive fruits. The mulberry of this variety is considered one of the largest - the size of its seedlings reaches 5-5.5 cm. The berries are elongated, black, glossy, sweet dessert taste, dense, can be transported.
Mulberry Galicia 1. Universal hybrid of Ukrainian selection. Seed fruit is very large (6-8 cm), oblong, black or dark purple in color (looks like a blackberry), sweet, refreshing taste, with a slight berry aroma. Productivity is high - up to 40 kg from a 5-7 year old tree.
Mulberry Black Prince. Unpretentious, resistant to disease, drought and frost variety. The fruits are large (4-5 cm), glossy, intense black color, sweet honey taste. Despite their juiciness, the berries are well transported and stored.
Mulberry Hartut. An ideal variety for making wine - the juice of the berries of this mulberry is sweet and thick, like high-quality Cahors. The fruits are quite large (4-5.5 cm), black, contain 18-20% sugars, are recommended for winemaking, jam, as a dessert. The variety is self-fertile, fruiting starts from the age of 3, the yield is stable and high.

Decorative varieties

Of all the many varieties and varieties of mulberry, most of them are decorative types, which have long been successfully grown by gardeners for use in landscape design. White mulberry served as the basis for breeding most ornamental varieties - it is its varieties that are distinguished by a variety of leaf shapes and colors, and an original crown.

Ornamental mulberry can be used in a single planting, or to create hedges. It tolerates pruning, haircuts, and is resistant to weather conditions.

These trees have many unusual and spectacular forms that are widely used to decorate landscape space:

Used to decorate rooms remontant variety is a dwarf, very compact mulberry that can be grown in a pot or container. You can also decorate the garden with universal varieties that are highly decorative, and at the same time give very tasty berries. These include: Smolensk pink, which has already been mentioned, or Red felt - a beautiful tree with reddish top and bottom white leaves and delicious purple seedlings. This solution is most suitable for a small private garden, as it allows not only to enjoy the amazing taste of berries, but also to divide or decorate the landscape space.

Video "Features of the mulberry tree"

From the video you will learn what a mulberry tree is.

Black mulberry is a mulberry tree, a close relative of white mulberry.

The trees differ not only in the color and taste of berries (black ones are more fragrant and sweeter), but also in the fact that the silkworm prefers softer white mulberry leaves.

Black mulberry: description

Mulberry trees are grown to breed silkworm caterpillars, which wrap their pupae in silk threads. From these threads, natural silk is obtained - a fabric whose production secret was known only in China for a long time.

deciduous tree native to Afghanistan and Iran, growing up to fifteen meters. The tree is characterized by rapid growth at a young age, but growth slows down over time. The mulberry has a lush spreading crown, darkish bark and thin shoots. The foliage is large up to 20 cm long and 15 cm wide. The shape of the leaves resembles a blade, the upper surface of the leaf plate is rough to the touch, the lower is soft, felt. 3-5 years is the age when mulberry first begins to bear fruit after planting. It is literally covered with inky black, glossy berries up to 3 cm long, the berries are juicy, sweet and sour in taste. Mulberry usually enters active fruiting in the fifth year after planting. Black mulberry is thermophilic, tolerates dry periods well.

Did you know? Under Ivan the Terrible, a silk-weaving manufactory was created in Russia, producing the most delicate silks for royal family and yard. Peter the Great banned cutting down mulberry in Russia due to the extraordinary value of the tree for weaving. And in Central Asia, musical instruments were made from valuable wood.

Features of planting black mulberry

Best timing for planting mulberry- April, until the movement of juices began, the beginning of autumn, the period before the rainy season. autumn planting even more preferable: a sapling that has survived the winter will grow healthy tree with good yield.

Selecting a landing site

For successful cultivation, black mulberry is planted in an area open to the sun, but closed from the winds. The occurrence of groundwater should be at least one and a half meters below the ground surface. Dry, marshy soil is not suitable for mulberry, sandstone and salty soils are not suitable for mulberry.

Black mulberry planting scheme

A pit for a mulberry tree seedling is prepared two weeks before planting. The depth and width of the pit is calculated according to the size of the root system, on average it is 50 x 50 x 50 cm. The pit on poor soils is deepened, taking fertilizer into account. About 5 kg of rotted manure is placed at the bottom with the addition of 100 g of superphosphate and covered with a layer of soil. The roots of the seedling should not come into contact with the fertilizer when planting. On poorly drained clay soils drainage must be placed in the pit (brick fragments, large pebbles).

When planting, the seedling is placed at the bottom, distributing the roots, as it falls asleep, the earth is lightly tamped so that there is no air left. If the seedling is too thin and intimidating, drive a peg into the hole for support. After planting, water well and mulch the near-stem circle, you need to pour at least two buckets of water. As mulch, you can use sawdust or peat.

Black mulberry: growing features

Mulberry mulberry both in planting and in care does not require a special approach: everything as usual fruit tree- watering, fertilizing, cleaning the soil, pruning and other procedures familiar to every gardener.

Soil care for black mulberry

Black mulberry needs careful soil care. The trunk circle of the tree must be weeded and cleaned of weeds that deprive the mulberry of moisture and nutrition. The soil around the tree should be loosened regularly, saturating it with air and moisture. In spring, mulberry watering is necessary only in the absence of precipitation; in summer, watering is carried out in June and July. In August, it is stopped: the plant enters a dormant phase.

Tree pruning features

Black mulberry pruning is carried out during the dormant period, best of all in the spring before the juices begin to move, in April. Before the buds open, rejuvenating and shaping pruning. Sanitary pruning - all damaged branches, competing shoots growing inside the crown - is carried out in late autumn after the foliage has fallen, but the air temperature should not be below -10 degrees.

Mulberry tree nutrition

Black mulberry needs to be fed only on poor soils with a lack of nutrition. In this case, the tree is fertilized starting in spring and ending in July. At the beginning of spring, mulberry needs nitrogen for growth, then phosphorus and potassium compounds for lush flowering and fruiting.

How to care for mulberries in winter

It is important to know how to care for mulberries in black winter, because this species tolerates cold worse than others. Black mulberry is more accustomed to a warm climate, so the plant must prepare for winter. First of all, mulberries do not need to be heavily fertilized, only in case of external signs of a lack of nutrition, stop watering in August, and carry out sanitary pruning in the autumn.

When planting in regions with a cold climate, the root collar of the seedling is deepened into the ground to protect the plant in the winter. You don't have to worry about being cold hardy. Black mulberry in the description of biological features has one interesting property. The mulberry tree has the ability to build up cork tissue between a mature stem and a young one; in case of frost, the tree sheds unsuitable tissues for survival, but if the winter is issued without snow, the tree will die. To prevent this from happening, for the winter the trunk circle is mulched and covered tightly, for example, with spruce branches.

Interesting! If it were not for the observation of the Chinese princess Xi Ling Shi, the world would not know what silk is. During a tea party in the shade of a mulberry tree, Xi Ling noticed a caterpillar cocoon that had fallen into a cup, the threads of the cocoon unraveled from the water and shimmered beautifully in the sun. The resourceful Chinese used surveillance to their advantage, monopolizing silk production for many years.

Features of reproduction of black mulberry

Reproduction of black mulberry is possible seed and vegetative method.

At seed propagation the seeds undergo a stratification procedure either natural, that is, sowing before winter, or before sowing in the spring for about two months in the refrigerator, with removal to heat once a week for three to four hours. Before sowing, it is necessary to soak the seeds for a couple of hours in a growth stimulator. The backlog of seeds should not be deep; after sowing, the soil is covered with mulch. Seedlings are cared for in the usual way.

Cutting black mulberry practically does not give results, oddly enough, but it is this species that does not want to take root and multiply in a similar way.

Consider how the mulberry also reproduces. Reproduction by root shoots: the seedling is separated from the donor bush and transplanted to a separate place. Care, like a young tree.

Attention! At seed method reproduction and root shoots, the varietal characteristics of the mother tree may not be preserved, in addition, it is possible to get a tree with only male flowers (mulberry is a monoecious plant), therefore the most fruitful method of reproduction is grafting.

To get varietal seedlings, apply methods of budding and grafting with a cutting under the bark. In summer, budding is carried out by a dormant bud, and in spring, by a germinating bud. Grafting is carried out on a growing tree with cuttings with two buds under the bark. The cut on the rootstock is made at an angle of 35 degrees, while the cut on the handle above the kidney is straight, the lower cut is oblique.

Important! The grafted cutting on mulberry is inserted with a cut to the bark, and not to the wood, unlike other plants!

Further vaccination is carried out according to the general rules.

Black mulberry: useful properties

Black mulberry has many useful properties. Plant-based preparations recommends and official and traditional medicine. The funds are effective in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in cardiovascular diseases, and are especially recommended for patients who have undergone heart valve surgery. Regular use in food reduces shortness of breath, normalizes the heartbeat, strengthens the heart muscle.

Mulberry (mulberry tree) is an evergreen, tall plant that grows in regions with a warm climate. The leaves of this tree serve as food for silkworms, which produce natural silk threads. The fruits are famous for their valuable medicinal properties. In the East, mulberry is called the king-tree, and old people are fed with mulberry to prolong their life.

Mulberry fruits contain organic acids, fructose, carotene, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, vitamins C, K, PP, group B. The antioxidants included in the composition prevent aging of the body, improve the condition of the skin and hair. Mulberry fruits are used in folk medicine to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, hypertension, tonsillitis and other diseases.

As for the classification, it is very confusing.

The Mulberry family includes 200 species of trees, and only a little over 15 of them are generally recognized.

There are 2 main forms of mulberry - black and white, which are divided into varieties. Let's get acquainted with the most remarkable representatives of a large genus.

white honey

Smolensk pink

A great option for beginner gardeners.

Variety - easily adaptable to environmental conditions and easy to care for. Differs in good frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit in the first year after planting.

Fruits - the average size, pink or red color. Fragrant and sweet. The beautiful shape of the leaves allows the trees to be used as a spectacular decoration of the land.

Fruit-1

An early ripe variety that produces large and juicy fruits. Harvesting can begin in June. The main advantages are long fruiting and bright taste. Berries are sweet with a pleasant sourness. The mulberry tree is of a dense consistency, it does not wrinkle during transportation. A distinctive feature is that white seedlings in rainy weather become pink in color. Don't be afraid - it's normal.

Merezhevo

If taste is your goal when choosing a suitable variety for cultivation, then pay attention to Merezhevo. The hybrid obtained as a result of grafting white mulberry has many undeniable advantages. Fruiting lasts 1 month. Fruits - large, attractive pinkish-cream color. The taste is sickeningly sweet. However, it was not without its downsides. Berries quickly crumble, do not tolerate transportation well and are stored for a short time.

Fruit-4

Behind the short stature and compact size of the tree, good productivity is hidden. The fruiting period is long, the yield is good. Fruits - large (4 cm), color - black. The taste is sweet, with light refreshing notes. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and is excellent for commercial purposes. The mulberry tree does not lose its original characteristics during transportation.

Mulberry Black Baroness

Shelly

A variety familiar to many gardeners. Highly decorative. Gives large fruits (5.5 cm). Fruiting begins at the end of June. Berries - long, dark, with a characteristic sheen. Taste is dessert.

Dense consistency makes it possible to transport large quantities without loss.

Those who want to grow mulberries for the purpose of resale should choose this particular variety.