Ensure optimal access to fresh and clean air in living spaces, especially in warm time Quite a simple task. To do this, it is only necessary that the supply ventilation be equipped with a fan with sufficient power.
However, in winter period the existing concept of the arrangement of the entire ventilation system should be radically changed. In this case Special attention It is recommended to use air heaters for fresh air ventilation, which will take full care of establishing free access to housing for a sufficient number of warm air and a favorable microclimate in the rooms.
A heater is a device (equipment) designed to carry out heat exchange by heating the air flow by contacting it with a certain number of heating elements.
Such a device is installed in ventilation systems, both in the form of free-standing modules and in combination with monoblock structures.
Types of air heaters used in supply-type ventilation systems
The choice of such devices is usually based on several main factors, including performance, total area premises, equipment power, as well as climatic features of a particular area. Taking into account all the listed characteristics, the following types are used:
- electric heaters for fresh air ventilation - the use of this type of heater is considered the most economically justified, based on the fact that the electric heater does not require complex communications (it is enough to connect the device to the power supply) and is equipped with special heating elements for the most efficient heat exchange, which convert electrical energy into heat.
- water heaters for supply ventilation - their main purpose is to heat air in ventilation systems with a round and rectangular cross-section, therefore they are successfully used for heating cottages, shops, large complexes, warehouses and premises, including livestock farms.
The use of electric heaters is effective when the area of the ventilated room is within 100-150 m2. The main advantages of such heaters are simplicity installation work and their general availability, and the disadvantage is high level energy consumption.
Water heaters are quite practical, profitable and reliable devices for efficient heating air of large volumes (more than 150 m2) and do not require constant or frequent maintenance. The quality of their work depends entirely on the presence of automatic control.
When installed at the top point with a downward direction, a water-type heater is able to quickly and easily equalize the temperature of the air mass of the room, thanks to the equipment of this type of heat exchanger with a special thermostat. For better heating, such devices can be combined into a single structure.
The ventilation system based on water heaters operates according to the following scheme: the external air flow entering through the air intake mesh, passing through the louvered grilles, enters the filter section, in which the procedure for directly cleaning it from dust and all kinds of mechanical impurities takes place. After which the purified air enters the heater for further heating using the heat given off by the main water.
Among the wide range of water heaters, air heaters using bimetallic and aluminum fins have become especially popular.
Strapping methods
The regulating reinforcement frame (piping of the supply air heater), depending on the source of heated water supplied, is often carried out in two ways:
- the use of two-way valves - in cases of using a city network in which the flow of the return amount of water is not recorded, there is only the need to maintain a constant temperature;
- the use of three-way valves - in cases of consumption from a boiler or boiler room, where the flow rate of the return volume of water is strictly fixed, and any changes affect the normal functioning of the entire system. It will also be useful for you to read how to organize.
Determining the required installation power
When selecting heating equipment for arranging supply ventilation, the following indicators are required:
- performance based on outside airflow environment;
- pressure created by the operation of fans;
- total power of the heating device;
- area of air supply pipes;
- permissible norms for the occurrence of various types of noise effects;
- air flow penetration speed.
Particular attention is paid to determining the power level of the heater.
The process of installing air heaters is used in supply ventilation systems to heat external air mainly in cold weather. The power indicator can be calculated based on the ventilation performance parameters, the minimum, as well as the set temperature of the air flows, both outside and at the outlet. For efficient work The supply system is often equipped with a power regulator designed to reduce the fan rotation speed during cold periods.
A number of significant rules and restrictions should be taken into account:
- possibility of application different types nutrition;
- A three-phase connection is required when using a heater with a power of more than 5 kW. In this case, three-phase power is the most acceptable option, since the current will be much lower.
The maximum permissible value of current consumed by heating equipment is calculated based on a fairly simple formula:
I = P (power) /U (supply voltage)
For single-phase voltage, the U value is equal to 220V, for three-phase power supply - 660V.
An important parameter is also the temperature of the supply air flow when heating the heater of a given power parameter, which is calculated by the formula:
T =2.98 x P (power) / L (ventilation system performance)
Standard values for the calculated power of a heater installation for apartments and houses can be 1-5 kW and 5-50 kW for enterprises or offices. In cases where it is impossible to use an electric heater with a given power, you should resort to installing a water heater, which uses water from the heater as the main heat. various systems heating, including autonomous or central.
In general, in small rooms it is more advisable to install heaters for supply ventilation on an electrical basis, since they are convenient to use and do not take much time to install. For buildings with a large area the best option will be the installation of water heaters, which will significantly save electricity and reduce the energy costs required to heat water.
It is an installation used to increase the air temperature in confined space. The design of this device is based on tubular channels through which warm water, heated air or vaporous substances flow. The heater is used to heat air in air conditioning units, drying units, ventilation equipment, and so on. The water in this device heats up to a temperature of over 170 degrees. In essence, the heater is a heat exchanger. The most widespread devices are the duct type, which is a fragment of an air duct with heat-generating elements installed in it.
Types of heaters
Depending on the type of heat energy transfer, there are water and electric duct heaters. The water heater is a tubular heat exchanger that looks like a car radiator. As a rule, it is connected to a central heating system. The electric heater differs in that heating elements are used as heat release elements. In addition, air heaters may differ from each other depending on the structure and cross-sectional shape of the ventilation system. They may be round or rectangular shape. Recently, heating blocks in which heat is recovered have become increasingly popular. A design feature of such devices is that the cooled air entering them is heated by heat exchange with the outgoing hot air. In this case, there is no mixing of air flows. Such a system was developed on the basis of the famous Ammosov furnace.
Fig 1. "Drawing of a heater of the Ammosov system. 1840s."
Electric heater
A heater with an electrical design incorporates steel filaments or wire spirals. Thanks to this design, the device creates current resistance, thanks to which electricity is converted into heat energy.
- The main positive qualities of electric duct heaters:
- insignificant pressure drop compared to traditional heaters;
- for electric heaters you can easily calculate the power;
- accessibility and low price installations.
Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that a large inertia is created in steel filaments. Due to this, electric heaters can quickly overheat, which requires the installation of additional overheating protection. Also important point are increased operating costs of electric duct heaters. In practice, it has been proven that electricity costs in this case will exceed the costs of heat in water heaters. Electric heaters are mainly recommended for use in supply systems, in which the air flow does not exceed 10 cubic meters per hour. They are much easier to install, configure and connect. However, due to high operating costs, water heaters are installed in most cases. In general, electric heaters cost slightly more than water heaters.
Water heater
The most common type of air heaters is a water heater with a perpendicular flow. It is used in most ventilation devices. In these devices, water moves in a rectangular direction and in the direction opposite to the air flow. Due to this, water flows from bottom to top through channels. Thanks to this, air bubbles are located at the top of the structure, from where they can be removed without problems through special air taps. A mandatory component of any water heater design is a piping assembly. This unit is a special part that supplies hot water to the heat exchanger.
- The water heater includes the following parts:
- pump with a circular design;
- three-way valve;
- fittings;
- device control unit;
- piping unit, which is necessary to control the performance of the heater and inhibit its freezing.
If the heater is intended to be used in climatic conditions where the ambient temperature drops below zero degrees, then it must be equipped with an antifreeze system. Otherwise, the water in the channels may rupture the pipes when it freezes.
Operating principle of air heaters
The basis of the design of any heater are elements for heat transfer, which have the form of metal tubes with a special outer surface. Thanks to this structure, the area of the device increases and the efficiency of heat transfer increases. Cooled or heated coolant circulates through finned tubes. WITH outside The pipes pass through an air flow, which can respectively be cooled and heated after contact with the pipes. The principle of operation is that the coolant has increased level heat transfer compared to air flows. The fin design of the heater includes steel plates mounted on pipes or wound wire.
Choosing a duct heater
The energy efficiency of a heater is influenced by its heat transfer coefficient against the background of certain energy costs. Accordingly, the energy efficiency of a heater will be higher, the more heat it can deliver at comparable energy costs. When choosing a heater, it is necessary to take into account not only its energy efficiency, but also other indicators. In particular, when choosing a device, its dimensions play an important role so that it can function normally in a certain ventilation system. After installing the device, it is recommended to completely exclude the influence of harmful chemical components and sticking components from the passing air on the device. To do this, you need to install additional filters.
Installation of a duct heater
A duct heater has the ability to significantly heat the air that passes through it. The device raises the air temperature to 80 or even 120 ºС. Therefore, the device can be used to heat the forced air even in very low temperatures up to -30 ºС. When installing water duct heaters, you need to remember that they require additional installation of the piping part. Installation of equipment can be carried out using two air exchange schemes - by the air inflow and recirculation mechanism, as well as by the closed air recirculation mechanism. A duct heater works most efficiently in systems natural ventilation installed in basements. This is the most best option from an air intake point of view. However, when installing a duct heater in artificial ventilation systems, this is not important, since air enters the heater tanks using fans.
The duct heater can be connected to the ventilation system not only as one module, but also in combination with monoblock ventilation equipment. In this case, the heater is a device that acts as a heat source. The duct heater heats the air flow passing through it in contact with the heat transfer elements. The heater can be in the form of an air cooler, which has a significantly smaller distribution than a traditional heater. A calorific air cooler operates on the basis of freon or chilled water, which circulates in the heat exchange elements of the device.
Ceiling heaters
Due to the extremely flat housing, it is possible to install the heater in very low rooms. This heater can be installed directly under the ceiling. The device takes air from below, after which it passes through the filtration system, warms up and flows through special openings in different directions. Ceiling heaters of this series are distinguished by ease of installation, stylish shapes, variety color range and reduced noise pressure in the system.
Air heaters today come in several varieties. One of them is a water duct heater, designed for If comparisons are made with electrical analogues, then water heaters require less electricity consumption. But if you want to carry out calculations and installation yourself, you should be aware that this will be somewhat more difficult to do compared to electrical devices.
The principle of operation of supply ventilation
If a water heater is used for supply ventilation, the air in the system and drying units will be heated. The described device must be installed as a separate module or as part of monoblock installations. A heater is a heat exchange device where a heat source heats a passing air stream through contact with heating elements. Air coolers are also called heaters, but they are much less common. Similar devices operate on the basis cold water or freon, which are located in heat exchange surfaces.
Once you have become aware of the principle of operation of fresh air ventilation with a water heater, you can begin to make calculations and further install the device. Most often, such manipulations are carried out in large premises, which can be large stores, industrial enterprises, as well as storage facilities. If you use similar devices, then you can save on electricity, because work will require a minimum electrical energy. The connection is made to the heating mains, and the air that enters the room is heated by warm water. A water heater for fresh air ventilation, a section of which is presented in the article, has another important advantage, which is expressed in the fact that such devices have compact dimensions. By calculating and installing the device yourself, you will not encounter the problem of having to allocate a large space.
Main advantages
The equipment described in the article is very productive and is capable of creating strong temperature changes. By appearance heaters are a housing that looks very aesthetically pleasing. If you want to extend the life of the device, so as not to encounter financial costs, you need to monitor proper work. For something like this thermal equipment It is not recommended to use water from heating lines whose temperature is more than 180 degrees. You must also take into account the standards that prescribe the degree of air pollution chemical elements and dust. If a wall-mounted water heater for fresh air ventilation at home is used under inappropriate conditions, it is doomed to break down and fail.
Working conditions
Water heaters should be installed in ventilation systems, and also connected to central heating in cool rooms or rooms with a temperate climate. If we are talking about production and industrial premises, where there is enough heat, such a technique is not used. It is important to take into account the operating mode parameters of the device, which are described in the passport, only then will the device enjoy a long service life.
Controlling supply ventilation with a water heater is quite simple, however, in order for this condition to be met, it is important to carry out installation according to the rules prescribed by the manufacturer. Diagonal dimensions will determine the step to the damper, channel bend and other elements. It is important to ensure that the device is operated under conditions not lower than 0 degrees, otherwise the heater may freeze. Before installation, it is important to analyze the integrity of the tubes, plates and other components of the system.
Conclusion
Connections using flanges, which must be installed end-to-end, provide maximum simple solution to connect the device to the pipeline system.
Heaters are classified according to the type of coolant:- water, - steam
Based on the type of surface, steam and water heaters are distinguished: -smooth tubular, - ribbed.
According to the nature of the coolant movement, heaters are divided into: - single-pass, - multi-pass.
Based on the number of rows of pipes, heaters are divided into two models: -medium (C) with three rows of pipes, -large (B) with four rows of pipes.
Heater: purpose and classification.
Heater- one of the most important elements climate control equipment, providing the required temperature parameters in rooms for various purposes. It is the function of these devices that includes heating the air in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and it is on their performance that the comfort of staying in the building and the premises of this building fully depends. Heater, due to its high performance, is widely used for heating rooms with significant internal volumes? office centers, retail and warehouse premises, sports and entertainment complexes, stations Maintenance, garage premises And production workshops. Portability, which many models have air heaters, allow them to be used in construction for heating enclosed spaces that are under construction or repair. Active use of these devices during construction work is also explained by the fact that the classic heater is a device with small in size and weight, easy to operate and unpretentious in operation. The high performance it has heater, is explained by its ability to create a large temperature difference (70 - 110 degrees), which also makes it possible to use it in supply ventilation systems. In such cases heater successfully copes with its functions even at air temperatures outside the room reaching values of -25 degrees. The versatility it has heater, also lies in the fact that in the warm season it can be used as a high-performance fan to ensure air circulation in ventilated rooms. It should be noted that heater as an element of a ventilation and heating system, it can operate at air temperatures outside the premises, the value of which varies from - 25 to + 40 degrees, and humidity ranges from 25 to 98%. The high performance of such a device allows it to be used to equip drying chambers. In such cases, the most common coolants entering the heater, are hot water or superheated steam, the temperature of which can be 180 - 190 degrees, and the operating pressure can reach 1.2 MPa.
Heater- this is a fairly simple technical device, it consists of elements that transfer heat to passing air, tube sheets, covers equipped with pipes for supplying and discharging coolant, as well as side shields covering its body.
The main classifying parameter air heaters is the type of coolant that is used in it. So, depending on this criterion , heater can be water - KSk, which uses hot water as a coolant, or steam - KPSk, which uses superheated dry steam.
Heater, in addition, may have different kind heat-transferring surface, depending on which it can be smooth-tubular or ribbed. Designs in which special fins are applied to the pipes, due to the larger heat-transfer surface area, are more efficient than devices with smooth surfaces.
Another parameter by which they are classified air heaters, is their design. Thus, there are spiral-knurled structures, bimetallic ones, connected to the coolant system by welding or special flanges and bolted connections.
Classification of air heaters depending on their internal design.
Movement of the coolant inside air heater can be organized according to two basic principles, which is ensured by the design of this device. Mermen air heaters KSk are multi-pass devices. The movement of hot water in such devices passes through special collectors with partitions. The partitions are installed in a transverse plane, which allows the movement of hot water in the collectors to be consistent. Use of such constructive solutions allows you to give the coolant movement a high speed, which directly affects the increase in heat transfer intensity. Multi-pass devices, due to their properties, are more efficient than single-pass designs. As a rule, multi-pass devices are installed in systems with a horizontal arrangement of heat-transfer elements.
Steam heater KPSK is a single-pass device installed in systems with vertical arrangement of heat-transfer elements. Devices with this principle of coolant passage have pipes on both sides that provide its supply and removal. Coolant from distribution box enters simultaneously into all tubes of a single-pass device and passes through them only once, giving off its heat to the passing air flow along the way.
Heater, depending on the power, may contain a different number of rows of pipes in its design. Thus, there are medium devices containing three rows of pipes, and large ones air heaters, the design of which contains four rows of pipes.
A separate category consists of the so-called electric air heaters, the design of which is equipped with a special electric heater. Such devices, which have small overall dimensions and mass, are completely autonomous, they do not require a centralized network of hot water or steam and only need an electrical power supply. The biggest disadvantage of such devices, which significantly limits their use, is their low power, which allows them to be used only for small rooms. In addition, such devices consume quite a lot a large number of electrical energy, which in some cases can be very critical.
Advantages of using water heaters.
Water heater, using hot water as a coolant, is one of the most effective devices of this type, allowing you to heat large rooms in a relatively short period of time. What is important is that a small amount of electricity is consumed, which makes such a device also very economical. Such heater, depending on it design, can work on the principle of closed air circulation or take it from the outside. As a rule, closed systems are used in cases where people are constantly in the heated room. The second type of such devices can be used to heat any premises: warehouses, hangars for various purposes, basements, etc.
Water heater, in addition to being economical, it also has high safety. Today, such devices, with varying capacities, are successfully used for heating warehouse and shopping complexes, industrial premises, gyms, service stations, garages, greenhouses and livestock farms. Even with small power and overall dimensions, such a device, thanks to its high performance, is capable of heating large rooms. So, for example, by installing this heater at the top point of the room and by directing the flow of warm air downwards, you can effectively eliminate the temperature gradient and ensure uniform heating of the air throughout the entire volume. If necessary, you can create entire heating systems, composed of several such devices, each of which is equipped with a thermostat responsible for turning them on and off. The creation of such systems, composed of several water devices connected in series, can significantly reduce the cost of heating rooms characterized by a large volume.
What is important, water heater connects to the existing heating system of buildings, which does not require the creation of special conditions and additional financial costs for its installation and startup. The electricity that such a device necessarily needs is not spent on heating, but only on ensuring the operation of the fan, which consumes it in very small quantities.
High efficiency water air heaters, their ability to provide rapid heating of air in heated rooms is achieved due to the following factors:
Using hot water from the system as a coolant central heating buildings, which usually have a fairly high temperature;
The use of tubular finned heat exchangers in the design of such devices allows for efficient heat exchange between hot water and passing air;
The presence in the design of such devices are fans that effectively mix the air, making it as uniform as possible in its temperature parameters;
The use of such air heaters special blinds with adjustable shutters, with the help of which you can direct heated air exactly to that part of the room where it is most needed this moment time.
HEATER
HEATER
1) a device for heating with hot air; 2) a special stove device for heating large rear areas; heats the room with hot air passing from it through pipes in all directions.
A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .
HEATER
1) a device for heating heating pads; 2) a furnace for heating using heated air.
Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .
HEATER
from lat. calor, heat, and fero, carry. Heating device.
Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .
Heater
(fr. calorifere lat. calor heat, heat + fero carry) a device for heating air in heating systems, ventilation and dryers; is a system of pipes inside which hot water (water boiler), water vapor (steam boiler) or hot combustion products - flue gases (fire boiler) move; appl. also electric
New dictionary of foreign words. - by EdwART,, 2009 .
Heater
heater, m. [ from Latin calor – warmth and fero – carry] (tech.). 1. A device for introducing somewhere. some amount of heat. 2. A device for heating a room with heated air, consisting of a stove and a system of pipes that distribute heated air throughout the rooms through vents. 3. A heating device in the form of pipes conducting hot water or steam. Water heater.
Big dictionary foreign words.- Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .
Heater A, m. (fr. calorifère, German Kalorifer lat. calor heat + fēro carry).
A device for heating a room in the form of a system of pipes through which it's hot water, steam or heated air.
Heater - relating to heater, heaters.
||
Wed. fireplace, reflector.
Dictionary foreign words by L. P. Krysin. - M: Russian language, 1998 .
Synonyms:
See what "KALORIFER" is in other dictionaries:
HEATER, heater, man. (from lat. calor heat and fero I carry) (tech.). 1. A device for introducing some amount of heat somewhere. 2. A device for heating a room with heated air, consisting of a stove and a system of pipes distributing through ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
A device for heating air in a room, consisting of pipes through which hot water, steam or hot air circulates. Source: Dictionary of architectural construction terms a device for heating the air passing through it in systems... ... Construction dictionary
Heat exchanger, air heater, heat heater, heater, radiola Dictionary of Russian synonyms. heater noun, number of synonyms: 8 air heater (8) ... Synonym dictionary
heater- a, m. calorifère m. A device consisting of a furnace and a system of pipes and used to heat a room with heated air, hot water or steam. BAS 1. There in England there are excellently designed heating units (caloriphères), they warm the stairs, canopy,... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
heater- A device for heating the air passing through it in systems air heating, ventilation, air conditioning and in dryers [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages (VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] heater Device for... ... Technical Translator's Guide
- (from Latin calor heat and fero carry) heat exchanger (plate, smooth pipes, etc.) for heating air in air heating systems, ventilation and dryers... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
heater- calorifer, air heater *Heizapparat, Heizkörper, Kalorifer heat exchanger (plates, from smooth pipes, etc.), in which the air is heated by heat transfer through the surface, which separates them. Suitable for heating the surface in systems... ... Girnichy encyclopedic dictionary