Warm plaster: material characteristics. Warm plaster for interior work: main types Warm plaster

Warm plaster for interior work- an innovative product in the field of thermal insulation of premises.

This type of material is used for finishing facades and rooms. Some manufacturers also offer universal mixtures.

The composition of the solutions differs and depends on the scope of application and the required properties.

What is warm plaster? Its composition

This type of finishing material has recently appeared on the markets. Warm plaster combines thermal insulation and leveling properties.

The new building material is made on the basis of cement or gypsum with the addition of additional elements:

foam glass or foamed silicon;
pumice powder;
sawdust;
perlite;
foamed vermiculite;
granulated polystyrene foam.

Warm gypsum plaster is suitable for leveling walls and ceilings in interior spaces. Cement compositions are used for both interior and exterior work.

The characteristics and properties of the additives are described in the table below.

Material	Properties
Sawdust	Environmentally friendly material. One of the most affordable in the price segment. You can mix warm plaster yourself with sawdust. Not high level thermal insulation.
Foam glass	Made from quartz sand. Suitable for use in rooms with high humidity. Low thermal insulation.
Vermiculite	The basis for the production of the material is mica. Fireproof, not afraid of fungi and resistant to mechanical damage. The only drawback is that it absorbs moisture well.
Expanded polystyrene	Low cost. Disadvantage: it is flammable and releases toxins when burned. High level of thermal insulation.
Perlite	Environmentally friendly volcanic glass material. Perlite mixtures are easy to process and install. It is fire resistant and prevents the spread of germs and bacteria. High level of thermal insulation.

The market today offers thermal insulation types of mixtures from different manufacturers. Among domestic solutions, they prefer Mishka, Umka UB-21, and Teplon solutions. Imported compounds are much more expensive, but they also differ in quality. Craftsmen pay attention to warm plaster for interior works by Knauf Grundband. It is more often used to level the facade, but cement base allows you to plaster the interior as well.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation compounds

Mixtures of this type have gained the favor of masters due to a number of undeniable advantages:

high level of adhesion to any materials, including wood and drywall;
good sound insulation;
the material can be used as insulation to prevent the appearance of cold bridges, and also as an independent thermal insulation composition;
the mixtures are environmentally friendly, with the exception of those containing polystyrene foam;
the weight of the composition is much less than conventional plasters;
mixtures with the addition of perlite, vermiculite and foam glass have high class fire resistance, and warm plasters with polystyrene foam are prone to internal combustion when exposed to high external temperatures;
easy to apply because the main binders are gypsum or cement;
the layer of warm plaster has high strength;
the mixtures are resistant to frost, temperature changes, mold, fungi and rodents.

Despite the impressive list of advantages, such compositions also have a number of negative characteristics:

the need to reinforce the surface when applying a layer thicker than 2.5-3 cm;
high weight if plaster is used as insulation;
low moisture resistance, which requires surface treatment decorative materials with additional moisture protection;
Heat-insulating plasters, of course, help retain heat, but they should not be treated like other insulation materials.

Review of mixture manufacturers

Paladium Palaplaster-207 - sound and heat insulating plaster. Most often, this type of mixture is used as a rough ball for painting or wallpapering. The main binding element is cement, and the additive is foam glass. The solution is ready for decorative finishing 3-4 days after application to the surface.

ThermoUm is a universal warm plaster for finishing work indoors and outdoors. The mixture will completely harden within 28 days, after which it will be suitable for finishing. Long service life is achieved by the ability of the material to repel moisture accumulated between the wall and the mortar ball.

UMKA UB-21 is suitable for outdoor use as it can withstand more than 30 freezing cycles. The thermal insulation mixture is made on the basis of lime and cement interspersed with foam glass granules. When installing reinforcing mesh, the thickness of this type of coating can reach 10 cm. After complete drying, the plaster needs finishing.

DeLux Teplolux - warm plaster with the addition of granulated foam glass. The composition is based on cement, which makes the mixture universal. After drying, the surface can be painted or decorated with any finishing materials. The period for complete hardening of the coating is 28 days.

Knauf Grönband is one of the most popular thermal insulation solutions among craftsmen. Warm plaster for interior work Knauf - is produced on the basis of cement, therefore it is also suitable for facade work. The filler in this mixture is polystyrene foam. After drying, the layer becomes textured and moisture resistant. Plaster can be painted. The solution is applied with a special machine or manually. The price of warm plaster for interior work of the Knauf brand is quite high, but justified by the properties and characteristics of the material.

Making warm plaster yourself

Since the cost of professional thermal insulation mixtures is quite high, many craftsmen prefer to mix warm plaster for interior work with their own hands.

Step-by-step guide to preparing the mixture yourself:

In a bucket or construction trough you need to mix sand (1 part), cement (3 parts), porous additives (4 parts), discussed above, and a plasticizer. As the latter, it is allowed to use PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g per 10 liters of mixture.
The entire solution must be thoroughly mixed with water using a mixer.
The consistency of the mixture should be like thick sour cream or semolina porridge. If the plaster is thicker than necessary, add water, if thinner - cement-sand mixture and porous additives.
After the last mixing, the solution must be allowed to brew for 15-20 minutes.

Warm plaster application technology

Important! First of all, you need to take care of temperature conditions in the room where heat-insulating plaster will be applied. Operating temperature from +5 to +25 ℃.

Next, you need to remove old plaster, finishing and dust from the surface that will be plastered. Before applying the heat-insulating mixture, the wall must be primed. This will improve the adhesion of the material to the base.

After the primer has dried, warm plaster is mixed. It is important to use it within 2 hours after mixing, because after that it loses its properties.

To achieve an even application, you should use special beacons and pull the plaster along them.

Using a spatula, trowel and rule, the first layer of plaster is applied. Its thickness should not be more than 20 mm. The next ball can be applied after 4 hours.

The next day, the evenness must be checked using the rule. If there are gaps, they need to be leveled. Next, the surface is sanded using sandpaper and abrasives with different fractions.

After 3-4 weeks, if there are no defects, decorative finishing can be applied to the wall.

When leveling a large area of walls, it is better to use a machine method of applying warm plaster.

To give the building additional thermal insulation, warm plaster is used - a material based on cement and composite materials: expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, pumice powder, polystyrene foam, etc. Depending on the type of such fillers, it can be used for both external and external use. interior decoration.

Purpose

Although the thermal insulation properties of this material are higher than those of ordinary plaster, it cannot replace the full insulation of a house with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, but it will be a good addition.

facade insulation;
heat and soundproofing material for finishing interior and exterior walls;
insulation of balconies, verandas, door and window slopes, stairwells, etc.;
sealing floor joints, cracks and cracks;
heat insulator for well masonry;
material for finishing work in premises;
insulation of water supply pipes;
thermal insulation of floors and ceilings.

How much more effectively does such a coating retain heat? Let's compare the main indicators - thermal conductivity coefficients: for simple cement-sand plaster it is 0.93 W/m °C. And for cement-expanded polystyrene (Knauf Grünband) it is already 0.35 W/m °C, which is almost three times lower! U gypsum plaster with filler, the thermal conductivity will be even lower, about 0.25 W/m °C.

Types of thermal insulation solutions

The main difference between warm plaster and regular plaster is the replacement of sand in the mixture with more voluminous heat-insulating components. Such mixtures may differ not only in composition, but also in application methods and technical and operational characteristics. We list the main types of such fillers:

Thermal insulation properties of this material will largely depend on the correctness of the work and compliance with the proportions when mixing. If all conditions are met, you can get not only insulated walls, but also additional sound insulation. In general, plastering with these mixtures does not differ from usual, so no special skills are required from the master.

When planning to carry out renovation work in a room, you should think through and take into account all the details, because there can be no trifles in such work. Warming a room is one of the most important processes and should not be ignored. Warm plaster is one of the options to solve this issue.

Peculiarities

Many residents of apartments and private houses are hearing about warm plaster for the first time, so you should understand in more detail what it is, for what purposes it is used and what its varieties are.

All building materials have certain thermal insulation properties. Using ordinary plaster, you can only slightly insulate the room. To achieve stronger insulation, use warm plaster.

When warm plaster is applied to the surface, the wall becomes smoother, while its thermal insulation increases.

Use this material in construction and when performing repair work started not so long ago, so little is known about the composition and properties of warm plaster.

With its help you can:

level the wall;
decorate the surface;
provide a temperature for comfortable living.

In addition, this material has a soundproofing function.

Thermal insulation materials have a porous, fibrous or cellular structure that is filled with air, gas or vacuum. When applied to the surface, a kind of “fur coat” is created.

Since ancient times, they have been used to insulate walls. natural materials. Straw, sawdust and clay were used for this. By coating the walls with a mixture of these materials diluted with water, they were insulated. Perhaps this technique is still used somewhere in villages because of its cheapness and ease of use.

Modern technologies do not stand still, and today they produce large number materials used for wall insulation. The basis for warm plaster is various fillers and a binding component, as well as other additional ingredients.

Filler for warm plaster can consist of different materials. Let's look at their description and characteristics:

The filler may contain expanded polystyrene. This material has a high level of thermal insulation, and it is inexpensive. In addition to its undoubted advantages, polystyrene foam has a drawback - it can quickly ignite, and when the material burns, toxic substances are released.
The cheapest, and also the most environmentally friendly material can be called sawdust. They are often used when self-production material, although sawdust does not have high heat-shielding properties.
Perlite. When processing perlite high temperature receive material from porous structure. Perlite has good resistance to temperature changes and is easy to work with. It is also resistant to harmful microorganisms.
Material made from mica - vermiculite. It is very durable, has a high level of hygroscopicity, is biologically safe and fireproof.
Foam glass. For its production, quartz sand is used. This material is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity, which is undoubtedly its advantage. Its thermal insulation properties are lower than those described above.

To bind these materials, gypsum or cement is used. The use of cement in the work allows you to achieve a more durable surface. The cement mortar is gray in color, which will be noticeable from the outside. In order to get rid of gray shade on the surface, it can be covered with gypsum putty.

Instead of cement, you can use gypsum. Usually it is used only indoors.

Specifications

You should figure out where warm plaster is used and how easily it is applied to the surface indoors.

So, this material is applicable for:

for leveling walls and creating additional thermal insulation;
filling voids, insulating water pipelines, sewers;
insulation of slopes of windows and doors - such an insulating surface will prevent the entry of cold air and drafts;
Heat-saving putty is often applied when insulating a ceiling or floor.

Thermal insulating putty has many advantages:

First of all, it should be noted that working with this material is easy, plus, you can immediately solve the issue of both insulation and surface finishing.
The material has excellent properties and has high adhesion to many surfaces.
When working with warm putty, you can often do without priming the surface.
When applying the solution to the surface during work, no seams or so-called “cold bridges” remain on it.
Using modern plasters, you don’t have to worry that over time the material may be damaged by insects or eaten by rodents, and besides, it won’t harbor pathogenic bacteria.

If the composition consists of gypsum, perlite and vermiculite, it is not recommended for use for internal insulation rooms with high humidity, since these materials are highly hygroscopic.

Before starting work, you need to prepare the walls. The surface should be cleaned of the previous layer and remove hooks, nails and other small details which may interfere with work. Next, the walls should be primed and left for a couple of days so that it is completely dry, and only then work on insulating the premises can be carried out.

Taking into account all the advantages of the material and its disadvantages, we can say that the use of warm plaster indoors is completely justified. It is used in combination with other insulation materials, but it should be applied in places where it is really needed.

In order to prepare the solution, take 1 kg of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water. It is not recommended to make the composition in large portions, as it dries very quickly. For mixing take construction mixer and stir until the mixture looks like sour cream.
When mixing the dry mixture with water, pour the liquid little by little, stirring constantly. When using a moisture-resistant composition, it is enough to take 200 liters of water per 1 kg of mixture. Before starting work, leave the solution for a few minutes to soak in.
When applying putty, take a trowel with the rule. The layer should not be made thick, it should not exceed 5 cm. When applying the material to the ceiling, the layer size should be reduced to 3 cm. By applying putty to the walls, you can immediately level the surface and remove minor defects.

After covering the entire surface, wait until the wall is dry. This may take a little over an hour. After this, it is pruned using the rule. To check, you can take a building level. At this stage, possible defects such as depressions, irregularities and roughness are eliminated.
If after applying one layer the walls remain uneven, they are left to dry and then another layer is applied again. When applying more than one layer, after the surface has completely dried, it is primed and sewn with reinforcing mesh.
On final stage do glossing or glazing. To do this, the surface is moistened with water and cleaned with a sponge grater. When cement or gypsum milk appears, the wall is rubbed down with a soft wide spatula. You can leave the wall in this form, it no longer allows heat to pass through, but more often it is painted with facade paint, covered with siding, or any other decorative work is used.

High-temperature putty is an easy-to-use material that is used for interior work. When choosing this material, you should take into account that the mixtures are quite expensive, and you often have to buy several packages for work.

To avoid additional waste, you can use putty prepared yourself. Homemade solutions They are absolutely not inferior in quality to store-bought options.

Self-produced putty contains:

one part sand;
one part cement;
four parts perlite/vermiculite;
the required amount of water to make the mixture creamy.

When making a solution with polystyrene foam, vermiculite and perlite, the ratio should be 1: 4, that is, if you take 0.5 kg of sand and cement, you should add 2 cubes of perlite and about 500-600 liters of water.

Sometimes PVA glue is added to this composition, but it is not used in large quantities - just take 2% of total number water. When adding glue to the solution, it should be diluted first. Instead of glue, you can take a plasticizer, for example, polyplast.

For self-cooking Putty will have to experiment a little in proportions. It is not recommended to mix a lot of solution at once; it is better to make small portions. When applying them to the wall, it will immediately become clear how correctly the proportion was chosen and whether the material is convenient for use.

If you use perlite or vermiculite for cooking, you need to add a large amount of liquid. At insufficient quantities water, the solution will immediately harden and will be unsuitable for use.

For interior work, it is better to mix masonry mortars using plaster.

Manufacturers

One of the most popular companies that produce putties is the company Knauf. This name is known to many and deserves to pay attention to the products of this company. This plaster contains cement with polystyrene, as well as special additives.

When applying the solution to the surface, a durable structural layer is formed. After it dries, you can use textured paints to decorate the surface. Apply a layer of plaster from 10 to 30 mm; work can be done by hand or by machine. Available in packages weighing 25 kg. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm per 1 sq. m you need to take about 12 kg.

When using this putty indoors, it should be taken into account that it contains polystyrene, which has a high degree of flammability. Putties Knauf used both outside and indoors.

Choosing quality material for indoor work, you should pay attention to thermal insulating plaster "Umka". Russian manufacturers were able to make a dry mixture that has excellent characteristics. The composition was developed taking into account the harsh climate.

After applying the solution to the surface, finishing is usually carried out. finishing work. The dry mixture is packaged in 7 kg packages. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm, you should take 4 kg of mixture per 1 square meter. m.

Dry mixtures are also used to insulate indoor walls. "Bear". A layer of this mixture of 2 cm in thermal conductivity will be equal to brickwork 50 cm. Before applying the “Mishka” mixture to the wall, the surface is leveled and primed. The mixture for insulating walls indoors is produced in bags weighing 14 kg.

Other most popular companies producing dry mixes include:

Unis;
Paladium;
ThermoUm.

Choosing insulation for interior wall decoration is a task that today has many solutions. Many people prefer well-known materials, such as polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

However, there are fewer traditional way insulation, which has not yet gained particular popularity due to high cost of the composition. We are talking about a material called “warm plaster”, the features of which will be presented for consideration in this article.

What is this material?

Thermal insulating plaster – a combined material that combines conventional rough plaster and insulating components.

Mineral additives contained in the mixture gives the solution thermal insulating properties. Warm plaster contains the following types fillers:

porous (expanded polystyrene granules, perlite, foam glass, etc.);
binders (cement, gypsum, lime);
polymeric materials – plasticizers.

Thermal insulating plaster – highly porous material, due to which it is sometimes called “drying”.

Varieties

Depending on the filler, which gives the composition thermal insulation qualities, warm plaster divided into several types, each of which has its own characteristics.

With perlite

Perlite is a material based on expanded perlite sand. It is a type of volcanic glass and has a texture similar to pearls, but contains more than 1% water.

The peculiarity of the material is ability to increase (5-20 times) and swelling (10-12 times) as a result of heat treatment. Perlite plaster is used for façade finishing and interior walls, both in industrial and residential premises.

Advantages of perlite mixture:

high heat and sound insulation properties;
high-quality adhesion when applied to various mineral surfaces;
plaster is fireproof and provides additional fire resistance to the treated surface;
has good vapor permeability;
environmentally friendly and harmless to health;
It is distinguished by its flexibility and ease of use.

The downside is high gyroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture four times its weight, which is why the surface needs finishing.

Do-it-yourself application of warm plaster for interior work

The walls need to be prepared cleaning them from dust and dirt and removing the old coating (wallpaper, tiles, paint, etc.).

For better adhesion the surface can be impregnated with primer deep penetration. The honeycomb structure, as well as the presence of reinforcing fibers in the composition, gives warm plaster resistance to cracking, so that the surface being finished does not require the installation of reinforcing mesh.

Before applying the composition the walls should be thoroughly wetted warm water for high-quality adhesion of the solution to the surface.

Next you need mix the solution using an electric drill and mixer, following the instructions on the package. You can check the readiness of the composition by scooping the mixture onto a spatula and turning it over. If the solution does not fall, then it is ready for application.

The application process itself is the same as finishing with conventional cement mortar. Beacons are installed on the wall, between which they throw the mixture and level it with the rule. The layer thickness, as a rule, is no more than 5 cm.

To apply the final leveling layer a thinner solution should be used, which is smoothed with a plastic grater, thereby eliminating minor defects, holes and irregularities. After 48 hours, the plastered surface can be covered.

Applying warm plaster: video instructions.

When putting on a fur coat in winter, we don’t forget about a sweater or vest. Something similar happens to our houses when, instead of the usual finishing, thermal insulating plaster is used, which makes the house cooler in hot weather and warmer in cold weather.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New building materials that perform a specific task are also being developed in the field of building decoration. The main purpose of using heat-insulating plaster is to ensure thermal conductivity of no more than 0.175 W/m-K with a bulk density of up to 500 kg/m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be an analogue of classic facade insulation, that is, it should be sufficiently strong, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing fillers that conduct heat well with components that have low thermal conductivity. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions were replaced:

expanded vermiculite;
foam glass;
sawdust;
straw cutting;
perlite, etc.

The result was various types warm plasters that meet the specified requirements, which differ in the area of use:

warm plaster for interior work;
heat-insulating facade (for external use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, resulting in heat and sound insulating plaster. This type of finish serves as both an acoustic and thermal barrier.

Thermal insulating compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.

Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent drying cracks. Manufacturers use proprietary plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making the composition with your own hands, add to it detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in construction stores, microfiber.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

In order to reduce heat loss, they are used in construction various materials: mineral wool, polystyrene foam, etc. They are laid on the walls outside.

Compared with such home protection, warm compounds have the following advantages:

simple application that a beginner can handle;
the material is highly plastic, it can be sealed hard to reach places structures;
no surface leveling required;
no special fastening is needed; surface wetting is used to improve adhesion;
the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at corners and to repair cracks;
a high adhesion rate allows the composition to be applied even to a metal base;
the material is microporous, which makes it breathable and helps dry the walls;
fire safety of most compositions;
an additional benefit is good sound insulation of the insulated room;
resistance to biological damage;
the coating is frost-resistant, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
environmental friendliness;
use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reducing the polluting load on nature);
does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV rays;
thin-layer application provides additional insulation when using mineral wool and other insulation materials.

Warm compositions have their disadvantages:

compositions are more expensive than insulation materials (taking into account cheaper work and reduced costs for related materials, for example a mesh, the cost is comparable);
the increased dead weight of the coating with the additional load from absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
a protective coating is necessary, since porosity promotes rapid absorption of moisture (compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene do not have this disadvantage);
compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (only indoors);
The insulation layer is thick, so it takes a long time to dry;
some fillers are flammable (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To make such a calculation, use SNiP 02/23/2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster is the ability of a material to conduct heat. If the room temperature is higher than the street temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat “leaves” outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, thermal conductivity of the wall material, the difference between street and home temperatures, and other parameters. To quantitatively express the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster (how much it can conduct thermal radiation through an area of 1 m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W/(m*°C)) is as follows:

cement with sand – 0.93;
cement-lime with sand – 0.87;
lime with sand – 0.81;
clay with sand – 0.69;
gypsum – 0.35;
clay with sawdust – 0.29;
gypsum with perlite – 0.23;
cement with perlite – 0.3.

The coefficient λ =1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m. If this figure is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 = 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1°C, but 6°C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.

To determine thermal resistance apply the formula R = d/λ, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.

For example, thermal resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

R=0.51/0.3=1.7 (m2*°K)/W.

From the table for external walls, take the standard value of their heat transfer resistance for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is equal to 3.28 (m2*K)/W, which means that the calculated resistance of foam concrete in Moscow for the wall of a house is not enough. And for Sochi (1.79) too.

With thickness d

R=d/ λ or d=R* λ

Using this formula we calculate d = Ra* λ = 1.58 * 0.23 = 0.363 m or 363 mm. We are not satisfied with a plaster coating of such thickness, so using insulation would be optimal.

For Sochi d= (1.79-1.7)*0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. In this case, for the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of the plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.

Areas of application of warm plaster

Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for exterior work. It is used to insulate plinths, floors and ceilings, seal cracks, and insulate sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, it is used as insulation for garages and other auxiliary buildings.

The following varieties are produced according to application:

finishing compositions
for rough finishing.

Types of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Thermal insulation compositions are classified by the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as by the type of insulating filler.

Straw based

The material used for a long time is insulating plaster made of clay with straw grain. Straw in clay coating acts as reinforcement and creates voids.

As a result, the plaster coating can be thicker without delamination or cracking. It is applied as a rough layer on the wall over shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before application, the walls are moistened or sprayed with clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main advantage is a favorable microclimate and low cost.

Sawdust based plaster

Sawdust has long been used for home insulation. They covered the rubble and ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for coating walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beam, since the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust is 0.06 – 0.07 W/(m2 °C), and wood – 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to polystyrene foam.

Compositions with sawdust can have a different mineral base - clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 parts of gypsum, 1 part of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a cell diameter of 5 mm.

Polystyrene as filler

A type of polystyrene foam - polystyrene foam - is used for various purposes, for example as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, pillows for sleeping. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, and is not food for microorganisms. Applicable in cement screeds for insulating floors (1:4:4 - cement/polystyrene granules/sand), and also as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) laid under the screed.

Plaster mixtures with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. They are produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.

Plaster mixture with the addition of foam glass

Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm plasters for facades. Such compositions are easy to install, retain heat well, and do not get wet.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

When volcanic lava frozen on the ground comes into contact with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous round granules similar to pearls. Due to this, the hydroxide received the name pearlite. The granules have high porosity, which reaches 40%, and are capable of absorbing water 4 times more than their own weight (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). For plaster composition (external and internal use), expanded perlite is more often used.

The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, consisting of small exfoliated scales of brown-golden color. When heated, vermiculite swells and fills with air. Used in lightweight concrete compositions and warm plaster mixtures. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, so they need finishing plastering.

Expanded clay granules (crumbs) are produced by firing some low-melting grades of clay. When fired, light granules that conduct little heat are formed. different sizes. For warm facade plaster granules up to 5 mm in diameter are used.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To make a truly heat-insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:

It is important to properly prepare the base.
To mix the dry mixture (SS), take the amount of water according to the instructions.
In a large container, mix the entire volume contained in the package with water, so it is guaranteed that each portion will contain the required proportion of components.
The SS is poured into the poured water, being careful not to create dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at low speed (areas close to the sides and bottom are treated). Then give the solution 5 minutes to “ripen” and stir for another 2 – 3 minutes.
Work quickly, trying to use up all the solution before the end of its life. A solution that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
Work is carried out at temperatures above +5°C, below +30°C. Drafts, direct exposure sun rays and rain are not allowed. During facade work, a canopy is made.
Before plastering, turn off the power to sockets and switches.
Use safety glasses to protect your eyes.
Used beacons are removed after applying the solution. You cannot leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold a thick plaster coating on the wall.
The insulating layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If greater thickness is required, apply several layers intermittently to dry. The surface of the overlapping layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands

Commercially available CCs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Craftsmen prefer to create warm plaster solutions with their own hands. All components can be purchased for almost nothing. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Suitable also liquid soap, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 spoons per 20 liters of mixture. You can purchase a hydrophobizing agent in the store (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for thermal insulation compositions.

Recipe 1. Mixture for facades:

1 part – cement from M400;
1 part – foamed polystyrene 1 – 3 mm;
3 parts perlite;
50 g – polypropylene fiber;
plasticizer (add according to instructions).

Mix the dry ingredients and add enough water so that the solution has a paste-like consistency and does not run off the trowel.

Recipe 2. Indoor mixture:

1 part – white cement M400;
4 parts – filler (vermiculite or perlite);
50 g/bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from perlite-sand mixture:

1 volume part of cement;
1 part sand;
4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for rooms and facades):

1 part – cement;
2 parts – paper pulp, soaked into porridge;
3 parts – sawdust;
water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:

1 part sawdust;
10 – 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
Water.

Lime is a strong biocidal agent that is not attacked by rodents, mold and mildew. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, since mixing produces a lot of heat. The solution has short term life, so you need to work it out quickly. The dry ingredients are mixed, then cement or other binder is added (if desired). Water is added last.

Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):

1 hour – clay;
2h. – sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors the proportion is 1:10. The solution has no shelf life, as water is simply added if necessary.

Video about preparing and applying warm plaster

Preparatory work

First of all, the wall must be properly prepared. The surface is cleaned of old peeling coating, dust free and coated with primer. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Disinfect areas of mold and rot. Repairs cracks and potholes. On wooden surfaces shingles are nailed or a mesh is attached. Beacons are installed along the plumb line.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

Finish coating

The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
The mortar is applied in a layer of up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed over. If the coating thickness is large, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (without trying to make them smooth) using a grater.
When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.
When the entire volume between the beacons is filled, the surface of the top layer is leveled by the rule.
After the top layer has set, the beacons are removed and the remaining grooves are filled with solution.
After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

As a rule, the manufacturer on the packaging reports the average consumption of a centimeter layer of the composition per 1 m2. The mixture consumption is calculated based on the planned thickness of the plaster coating. The following consumption indicators correspond to standard volumes:

for 1 m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm you will need 10 - 14 kg;
the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 – 25 kg.

Work on the reinforcing layer

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal strengthening of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building before its shrinkage is completed. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part of it is made of brick. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced. It is carried out using a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied to the ceilings and walls, then the mesh is laid out and recessed. On the facade walls on top of the insulation, the reinforcement work is slightly different. First, the solution is applied with strokes, then the mesh is attached, and then plastered. They work with spatulas and polishers. When the layer has dried, apply the next one on top of it in the usual way.

Manufacturers and prices

The list of companies and the thermal insulation mixtures they produce is long. Popular ones:

Umka UB-21 (Ecotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, which requires finishing. With reinforcement, up to 10 cm is applied. Other insulating mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with expanded polystyrene. The permissible layer is up to 30 mm.
Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not require finishing.
Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. You can't do without finishing.
The Teplolux DeLuxe cement mixture retains heat using foam glass. It is also not final.
Thermo Um is universal - used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

Prices vary. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mixture ranges from 11 to 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its use allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in the premises. For southern regions she - great option insulation of houses.