Wooden stairs are gaining more and more popularity every year. This is due, first of all, to the fact that people more often began to purchase country houses several floors. When arranging a room, it plays an important role right choice steps. Stairs from natural wood have many positive aspects. This type Products can be either purchased or made yourself. To do this, you will need to collect a certain set of tools, buy good wood and be patient.
How to make the calculation correctly?
Before starting work, you should special attention pay attention to the selection of the main material. Wooden stairs to the second floor can be made from different breeds trees, but pine is best. This type of raw material is soft and low price. Even a beginner will find it easy to work with such material.
A staircase made of solid pine will not darken if, before starting work, the raw materials are properly treated with a special product.
In order for the structure to be reliable and last for many years, it is recommended to buy wood of more expensive varieties. These include beech, oak, and larch. They have a denser structure, but have a high price.
Main types of stairs:
- screw;
- marching
To make the first option, in addition to wooden materials Metal ones are also used. Such stairs are intended for human movement only. It is almost impossible to lift furniture or other large elements on them. Often, screw structures are chosen for small spaces. Popular types of wooden stairs are shown in the photo below: 
Marching ones are the most practical and easiest to manufacture. Such designs are divided into many types. They can be single-march or consist of several parts. In the second option, a platform is often used that separates these elements and is used to create a turn.
Before you start work, you need to calculate the wooden stairs:
- The product should not have an angle of inclination greater than 45 0.
- The tread depth is at least 25 cm.
- The dimensions of the riser should be within 16-20 cm.
- Opening width from 1000 mm.
- The height of the railing is from 1 meter. For children – 60 cm.
- The vertical opening is at least 2 meters.
In order to determine the number of steps, it is necessary to divide the height of the future staircase by the height of the riser. The resulting number should be rounded to the nearest whole number. This indicator and will be the number of steps. 
An accurate count can be made using a special computer program. Using simple rules and recommendations, you can make a comfortable, and most importantly, reliable staircase.
Product design
Before you make a wooden staircase, you need to know what it consists of. This will help you quickly create an option that will best fit into the chosen interior of the room.
For ease of movement, the number of steps should be odd.
The design of the staircase includes the following parts:
- Bowstring. This element acts as a load-bearing beam and is an additional fastener for the steps.
- Stringers. They are cuts that are created in the main parallel beams. They are necessary for placing treads.
- Riser. They are designed to cover the visible part between the steps. The risers are mounted vertically. It is not necessary to use these elements.
- Step through. This type of element is the upper part of the steps.
- Balusters. With this part it is achieved maximum rigidity and product strength. The elements are attached to the steps and railings.
- Columns. They are also often called support rods. This is the main part of screw structures.
- Handrails. Mounted to the top of the balusters.
- Radius steps. They are presented in the form of a rounded shape. Installed at the bottom of the stairs.
- Decorative parts. They are installed on poles. They are often called stubs.
- Winder step. It is installed at the very beginning flight of stairs. Its distinctive feature is its unusual shape.
The complexity of the structure depends not only on the type of structure, but also on the manufacturing method. You can make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands for a private house using both bowstrings and stringers.
Bowstrings are mounted from the end of the tread. For this, corners, grooves and construction adhesive are used. They can also be secured using bars. All elements are fixed with bolts or self-tapping screws. 
As for the stringers, they are placed under the steps themselves. Special fasteners are used for their installation. 
To make bowstrings and stringers, it is best to use oak or ash. Craftsmen also prefer larch. Such tree species will make the structure more reliable.
Layout and creation of elements
The manufacture of wooden stairs should be started only after full calculations have been made. You also need to finally decide on the place where the product will be installed.
Sequence of actions:
If the steps will be laid on stringers, then their length should be 10-20 mm longer and their width 20-30 mm longer.
Particular attention should be paid wooden railings for the stairs. They should be sanded in several stages, reducing the graininess of the paper. This way, the handrails will be perfectly smooth.
Also, do not forget about the connector to the second floor. If it is not there, then the dismantling method will require removing part of the ceiling.
Installation of a wooden staircase
Fastening the structure is the main part of the work. A lot depends on the correct assembly of the elements.
The installation of a wooden staircase must begin with fastening the support beam. It is fixed to the floor where the stairs will begin. Then the stringer is attached to the beam. This can be done in two ways: washed down in a beam or washed down in a stringer.
After this, the product is fixed to the support beam, to the side wall and the ceiling opening. As soon as the first stringer is well fixed, you can proceed to the second. The second element is installed according to the length of the prepared steps.
The top step should be on the same level with the floor of the second floor.
Depending on the width of the stairs and the expected loads, you can use not two stringers, but three or more. The use of several elements gives the structure rigidity.
To ensure that the steps are not tilted in different directions, the stringers should be installed as evenly as possible.
Once the main parts are attached, you can begin installing the risers and then the steps. The treads are attached using wood screws to the stringers and risers. It is important to ensure that the fasteners are well embedded in the wood. 
The installation of balusters and posts must begin from the markings where they will be located. The hole for the dowel should be located in the middle of the baluster. The fasteners are fixed into the connector using glue. They should protrude 10-15 cm upward. A hole is drilled in the baluster to suit the size of the dowel. 
Then the posts are attached. On a single-flight structure they are mounted at the beginning and end. Only the upper elements should be attached first; the lower ones will be installed at the very last moment.
After this, you need to fix one or two balusters. This is necessary in order to determine the angle of the surface. To do this you will need to attach a handrail. Cut off the unnecessary part from all elements.
Then the base and holes of the prepared balusters are carefully treated with glue and connected to the dowels. 
The railings are cut at the required angle. Holes are made on the cuts to connect them to the posts using a dowel. The slats are attached to the balusters after the glue has completely dried. They are also fixed using adhesive and self-tapping screws. For reliable fastening we use . 
The bottom column is installed last. It is also fixed to the railing with a dowel. After the glue has completely dried, the wooden staircase made by yourself is considered ready.
To prevent the material from being attacked by fungus and insects, the wood must be painted with an antiseptic. The stairs should be coated with varnish or other paints and varnishes after the primer has dried thoroughly. To do this you will need to wait at least 24 hours. If this is not done, the paint will not apply evenly and will begin to peel off over time.
Making a staircase out of wood is not difficult. By following the sequence of actions and recommendations, you can make a beautiful, strong and durable structure that will decorate the room for many years.
If you plan to make a wooden staircase with your own hands - step by step instructions with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials.
Materials and parameters
Lumber: board 40 and 25 cm wide, 4 to 2.5 cm thick, beams 5x5 cm, wood glue, paint and varnish materials, galvanized tie rods, screws and corners. The equipment used includes a hand-held circular saw, a screwdriver, brushes, abrasive sandpaper, a clamp, a chisel, and a grinder.
For correct placement, the slope is determined to be 25 - 40 degrees. The gap between the steps is 19 cm. The tread width is 25 cm or more. The height of the handrails is 90 cm. The string of the structure is made from pine edged boards with parameters 40 cm wide and 4 cm thick.
Installation of a regular straight staircase
- Here you can find out the best way to create a wooden staircase with your own hands; a video with step-by-step instructions will allow you to build the structure as quickly and correctly as possible:
- Marking of areas for installation of treads is provided by means of a circular using a template. To do this, cuts are made 1 cm deep. Using a chisel, the mass of wood between the cuts is removed. The finished bowstring is mounted on the workplace.
- The strings are fixed to the floor surface using self-tapping screws. To do this, you should stock up on a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.
- Steps are cut out of boards 25 cm wide using a circular saw. The thickness of the steps is adjusted to the width of the span, no less than 2.5 cm. The end parts are processed with a grinding machine for more reliable fixation with the bowstring.
- The steps and strings are assembled using wood glue. The end parts of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring are smeared. Galvanized rods with threaded ends are used for the screed. Nuts with wide spacers are screwed onto them.
- Two boards are fixed to the installed rack at a level of 90 cm. They will provide the functions of handrails.
- 3.5 inch steel stand.
- Solid wood 1x8.
- Wooden elements 1×12.
- Connectors in the form of racks.
- Supports for handrails.
- Handrails with specified parameters.
- Metal base for steps.
- Welding machine.
Spiral staircase: Materials for making
Step-by-step installation
In the design under consideration, the distance between the floors is 3 m. Then the total height is divided by the selected size of the steps and their number is obtained: 300 cm ÷ 18 cm = 16.6 pcs.
The top position will end with the 17th step (rounded result). The width of the steps along the inner edge is 10 cm. Calculation of the outer edge begins with determining the outer diameter of the stairs without handrails.
The middle post and 2 steps form a cross-section of 172 cm. To determine the circumference, you need to multiply the diameter of the staircase by 3.14. Then 172 cm x 3.14 = 540 cm. Since 17 steps are to be installed, 210 ÷ 17 = 32 cm. To create an overlap of 2.5 cm, the width of the steps on the outside is 35 cm.
Support part
The screw device is created using a central metal support and bases for the steps. For a central post with a diameter of 20 cm, 400 cm is cut off. Of these, 300 are allocated for 17 steps, 90 cm for the fence at the top and 10 cm protrude for the reserve.
The pillar is marked at the points where it is planned to erect steps, that is, every 17.64 cm. The upper part is crowned with a thick round plate welded to the pillar. At the bottom, a square platform is created with a height of 1 cm and dimensions of 30 by 30 cm. Gaps are made at each corner of the platform for anchors and fixed to the base.
Placement of steps
The steps are attached to the central support in the marked areas. Each subsequent step overlaps the previous one by 2.5 cm so that the supports for the connection can be fixed. They attach one step to another. This can be done using metal or wood. Then all the bases of the steps are fixed to the central support. Wooden steps are placed on the bases. Gaps are made in the places connecting the supports.
Then you can screw 3 railing posts onto the step so that there is a gap of no more than 10 cm between them. After installing the posts, you can fix the handrails. When purchasing material, it is important to observe the ability to form bends in the direction of the stairs.
When implementing decorative processing, you can paste over the metal support wood materials. Varnish coatings are used to finish the steps. They are applied over a primed surface.
Attention! Widely used wooden steps in combination with glass, metal and plastic handrails.
For installation of structures, adhesive compositions with different types fastenings. However, their design may place too much stress on the product.
Today, most private houses are built on two or more floors. On this basis, the question arises about the need to move around the house, or rather, build a staircase. For such a structure you can use various materials both traditional and exclusive. But many owners country houses in order to save money, they are interested in how to build a staircase with their own hands.
Types of wooden stairs
The first thing to consider when developing a project drawing is this is the size of the staircase landing. Also, when choosing a design, you need to take into account the cost of materials, the ease of use of the structure (during descent and ascent), especially if it is installed for daily use. It is also necessary to pay attention to the aesthetics of this structure, since it must fit into the style and interior of the rooms. Wooden stairs are divided into two types - marching and spiral. In order to choose for yourself which one is better to install, you need to understand the pros and cons of each of them.
Screw structures have a rather complex shape, but their main advantage is that they take up minimal space, which is especially important in small house. It should be noted that such stairs are installed quite rarely when compared with marching ones. This is due to the fact that they are difficult to install and operate. Especially if you are lifting large equipment.
Nevertheless, such designs have many fans. Spiral staircases can become a real elegant element of the interior. Plus it's compact.
When installing screw structures, you need to make accurate calculations, since making a small mistake during installation can subsequently lead to many injuries.
Marching structures
Such structures are more stable and durable than screw ones. Although screw structures take up much less space than mid-flight ones, they are installed less frequently.
Mostly in private houses, structures with one or two flights are installed. But in principle there could be more. They also come in many different designs.
To save space, marching structures are installed on two flights, and the second part can be rotated to the first from 90 to 180 degrees. When planning, the main goal is to create comfortable conditions use of such a design.
Sometimes, for convenience, curved flight stairs are installed. Smooth turning is ensured by installing corner steps. Such steps can also be installed on two-flight structures instead of a platform between them.
Single-flight wooden
Single-flight design- the most popular option among owners of private houses and not only. The staircase can be located either in the middle of the room or near the wall.
The area under the single-flight structure is also put to good use. For example, if you install a partition and put a small door, you will get a functional utility room for storing things and tools.
It should also be noted that the advantage is the greater strength of such structures, since they have additional support in the form of walls.
Rotary step design
A single-flight staircase with rotating lower steps is usually installed to highlight the interior or due to the specific layout of the room. For example, if there is a window installed on the wall near the future staircase and you don’t want to cover it with a two-flight structure.
With the right approach not only to the design, but also to the interior of the room, turning steps will add elegance to the room. At the same time, their functionality is not lost at all.
Two-flight simple
A staircase that has two flights and a turning platform between them, is often used when there is a need to install such a structure above front door, thereby significantly saving space. Moreover, it is very compact, and a closet for storing things under it can also be made.
Wood is rightfully considered the most popular material for building such structures. Before you begin installing a wooden staircase, you need to consider a few possible nuances. First of all, you need to decide on the type of structure.
For example, a spiral staircase takes up much less space. But the downside is the complexity of producing and installing such a staircase. Moreover, it is very inconvenient to move along such stairs, since they are quite narrow and it is difficult for a “large” person to climb and descend along them. And there can be no talk about transferring any equipment at all.
One of the most popular types of stairs in private households is the flight of stairs. Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is not difficult. They are very comfortable and spacious. Structures of this type come with one or two spans, but fundamental difference there is no performance technique.
There are also a few things to consider:
- How much space in the house is the owner willing to allocate for installation.
- What is the distance between floors?
- What kind of load does it have to withstand every day?
- What elements will the structure have, its height, width, length, etc.
After determining the shape and type of structure, it is necessary to prepare all materials for work. In order not to overpay for extra purchased material, you need to carefully consider the design and make an accurate drawing.
Don't forget about the clearance above the stairs. When a person of average height walks along it, he should not bend down or hit his head on the ceiling.
Having measured all design parameters and made drawings, you can proceed to the purchase and preparation of all necessary materials. For such structures, you can use wood of different species. Craftsmen generally recommend using oak, beech or larch. But these types of wood are very expensive. A more economical option - coniferous trees. Moreover, they also have sufficient strength for such work and are easy to process.
When purchasing basic material, you must pay attention to its quality. It should not have rotten parts, fallen knots, cracks or various deformations. The wood must also be well dried. Knots on the tree are allowed, but not in large quantities. Such a tree is considered second-class. Furniture cannot be made from it and it is better to recycle it.
For installation you need:
In addition to the materials, you must first prepare the necessary tools:
- Measuring tools (tape tape, corner, construction ruler).
- Drill for making holes (you can use a battery-powered one).
- Hacksaw for wood and metal. Alternatively, you can use an electric saw and jigsaw.
- A set of screwdrivers or a screwdriver with different attachments.
- Chisel and hammer.
- Sandpaper.
- Plane.
A previously made drawing should always be near the construction site in order to be checked and not make mistakes.
The next step is to install a wooden staircase with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions are needed for correct and consistent assembly. When the drawing is in hand and all the materials and tools are ready, then work on assembling the structure can begin.
The following steps must be followed:
At this stage the assembly is complete. All that remains is to cover everything with a layer of varnish or paint. Before painting, you can apply a ball of antiseptic to protect against pests. If you want to make a staircase in wooden house, then this can also be done easily. The main thing is to follow the correctly prepared drawing, select quality materials And necessary tools. Then put in a little effort and you'll have a chic, comfortable and... required element interior at the disposal of its owner. A staircase will decorate your home and make life easier.
You can come up with dozens of design options for a wooden staircase.
Do-it-yourself wooden staircase installation
Modern private house it must be equipped with a ladder for moving to the upper floors or attic space and an ordinary stepladder is unlikely to work here. It is necessary to build something more reliable and durable. For example, a staircase made of solid wood. A DIY wooden staircase will require special care at all stages of its manufacture.
Stairs to the second floor can have a creative design..
Advantages
Wood is the most environmentally friendly and easiest to process material that does not require special processing skills. It can be used both for interior structures and for the porch of a house. Stairs on metal frame are considered much more reliable, but now we are not talking about them.
Fully wooden structures, which can be assembled as a constructor, have the following advantages:
- reasonable price;
- availability of material;
- easy processing.
To make climbing stairs more comfortable, you can install wall railings. The most common material is pine. This is an inexpensive soft wood that is well suited for beginners. The disadvantage of pine is its soft texture, which is why during operation the structure may begin to darken and the steps to creak if the necessary wood treatment is not carried out before starting construction or a porch made of a similar material.
Finished steps for a pine staircase. When building a more reliable, beautiful and durable staircase structure, it is better to use expensive varieties. Stairs made from solid beech, oak or larch have an inimitable structure and increased wear resistance due to the density of this material. The only drawback of these breeds is high price.
An oak staircase looks very beautiful. Design
How to do wooden stairs for a porch or for a house made of solid oak, pine, ash and larch? Before studying the manufacturing instructions and talking about the frame and components, you need to understand what types of wooden structures you can assemble with your own hands. Conventionally, we can distinguish marching and spiral staircases.
It's important to choose right place under the stairs to the second floor. Screw structures are used in rooms with limited space. These structures are not suitable for moving large objects and can only be used for human movement. Such a staircase will never be completely wooden, since the support (rod, pipe) is made of metal.
Unusual design spiral staircase. Marching stairs- the easiest to implement. Wooden structures of this kind on stringers or bowstrings are mounted both indoors and outdoors (mainly for the porch, which, as a rule, is located on a metal frame). For indoor installation, the main criterion is ergonomics. That is why it is not so important what kind of staircase will be built in your room - a single-flight staircase, a double-flight staircase with a platform, or a design with winder steps. It is worth noting that it is not much more difficult than the straight line.
Two-march stylish staircase. The main thing is that it fits perfectly into the space allocated to it and is in harmony in style with the engineering elements surrounding it. A wooden staircase inside a house means, first of all, warmth and comfort. These are not simple porch stairs or welded structures on a metal frame. To choose the right type of staircase structure, you need to measure the area on which the staircase will be located. Then make initial calculations and draw drawings. A detailed drawing will show the location of the structure in the room and how ergonomic it will be.
Drawing of a marching wooden staircase. Elements
Making wooden stairs from solid wood will require some knowledge about the elements of staircase structures. Let's understand the terminology.
- The string is a supporting beam and an element of additional fastening of the steps, located at the end of the latter.
- Stringers are the most common method of making wooden staircase structures. Cuts are made in load-bearing parallel beams on which treads are laid.
- Treads – the surface of a step.
- Risers are the vertical part of the step, mounted (if necessary) between the steps, covering the visible space.
- Balusters are a fencing element that gives the structure additional rigidity and strength. Attaches to steps and railings.
- Pillars (or support rod) - are installed mainly when installing screw structures as the main (central) load-bearing element.
- The railing is part of the enclosing structure of the staircase, attached to the top of the balusters or fastening spokes.
- Decorative elements – decorative overlays, plugs.
Designations of elements of a wooden staircase. On bowstrings or stringers?
Stairs for the house on bowstrings and stringers are equally simple when self-production. You should understand the difference between them. The strings are attached to the end of the tread using corners, grooves and wood glue or using bars. All this is held together with self-tapping screws or bolted connections.
Attaching the steps to the string. Stringers are located under the steps and secured with special fastening fittings.
For the production of bowstrings and stringers, blanks from solid oak, ash, pine and larch are most often used. These tree species are the most common in the vast expanses of our homeland. For making load-bearing elements woodworking enterprises use machines that dissolve logs into unedged board required thickness(and the load-bearing parts are at least 50 mm), when trimmed, the finished timber is formed (50x50, 50x100, etc.). If you decide to assemble the structure on bowstrings with your own hands, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with it.
Milling strings for steps
Making a stringer
Calculation
To make accurate calculations and draw up a drawing.
- The angle of inclination of the stairs should not be higher than 45 degrees.
- The tread depth should not be less than 250mm.
- The height of the riser is in the range of 160-200mm.
- The minimum opening width is 1000mm.
- The height of fences (railings) should not exceed 1000mm. For children, additional handrails are installed at a height of 600mm.
- The vertical opening should not be lower than 2000mm.
Calculation for stairs can be done in computer program. By applying these simple rules, you can build a correct and convenient staircase structure for your home or porch.
Important!
It should be remembered that the topmost step must be level with the floor of the second floor, this applies to both concrete and wooden floors.
Cutout for a step on the second floor. Marking and production of elements
Let's consider detailed instructions about how to make a wooden staircase for your home. After detailed calculations and analysis of the drawing, you can begin marking and manufacturing structural elements.
- We apply markings to the bowstrings or stringers. To do this, it is convenient to use a right triangle or a special corner with marked legs (rise height and tread width).
- We measure the length of the steps and risers, as well as other elements that we will cut out ourselves.
- We cut out all the elements of the staircase structure using an electric saw.
- We sand all the wooden pieces of the stairs.
- If there is no opening for passage to the second floor, it is necessary to organize it by dismantling part of the ceiling.
Marking is also an important process when designing a wooden staircase. Assembly and installation instructions
Assembling a staircase for a house on wooden stringers or bowstrings begins with the installation of load-bearing elements. Rigid fixation at the upper and lower points is carried out using corners, threaded connections, or anchors (depending on the material of the floor and floor). Before final fastening load-bearing structures It would be nice to check the coincidence of the horizons once again. To do this, use a level placed on the horizontal “notches” (the place where the future tread is attached). If the stringers were cut according to one pattern, then there is no need to worry too much. So, during the assembly process, do not be lazy to look at the drawing once again and keep a measuring tool at hand.
Checking the uniformity of horizons using a building level. Log staircase
Quite often the question arises: “Is it possible to make a staircase from a log?” Of course you can. It cannot be made from just one log. Let's look at the options.
The staircase made of logs has a massive appearance. The logs are sawn in half. From these blanks steps and load-bearing parts will subsequently be made (one might say massive “strings”). For convenience, let's look at simple project- straight stairs. After processing the front side using an electric planer and an emery wheel, we proceed to marking inside. The steps and fasteners will be attached to it (a steel corner is the most suitable option for such a massive structure; it is secured with a threaded connection or an anchor).
Steel corner for log stairs. We install our bowstrings, securing them to the ceiling and to the floor. In accordance with the markings, we use self-tapping screws to attach the bars to the bowstrings, which will support our steps made of half-logs (choose the width yourself). Immediately before fixing, we check the level of the horizon of each step. We drill a hole through the string into the end of the step, without allowing it to move. We lay the anchor and tighten it until it stops. There are four anchors for each step. A little secret of the fastener - for greater reliability, drop a drop of water into the drilled hole. silicone sealant, and then lay the anchor. head anchor bolt can be hidden in a secret place.
Fastening the bars to the bowstring using self-tapping screws. To install such a staircase, you can also use threaded connections with the organization of hidden “windows” in the steps for tightening elements, but this requires serious skills in working with wood. This log construction is much more reliable. You can also make steps for the porch stairs from logs, which is also very interesting.
A log porch gives your home a medieval feel. Some manage to create something from one solid log that vaguely resembles a ladder, laying it at the right angle and cutting something like steps into it. It would be more correct to lay two logs in parallel as load-bearing stringers, make cuts in them for steps and attach the latter to the load-bearing parts. So you can make a staircase from a log. It remains to add that such a structure, if done correctly, will be no worse than concrete ones in terms of reliability. As you can see, marching structures are quite simple to install. If we talk about screw ones, then everything is somewhat more complicated. However, you can install it too.
Do-it-yourself log staircase
Processing of the finished product
All elements of the staircase structure are securely fastened and sanded. All that remains is to treat the surface of the porch or stairs for the house with special means of protection against insects, against rotting and to give a beautiful appearance.
Indoor staircases should fit harmoniously into the interior of the room. Therefore, to process these structures it is used varnish coating. If necessary, the stairs can be tinted suitable shades colored varnish, stain, or whitewash (this technique is very popular now).
It is best to sand the stairs at the initial stage in disassembled form. Advice!
When choosing materials for processing, it is better to give preference to alkyd and urethane varnishes.
It is very good to treat the porch of a wooden house with drying oil applied in several layers. This will prevent the structure from rotting and extend its life.
For a beginner without certain skills in working with tools, building a ladder on his own will not be easy. However, it is possible. The main thing is to correctly calculate and accurately mark the structural elements. Installing precisely calibrated parts will not be a big hassle.
Professional production and installation of wooden stairs
About how to make steps with your own hands for the stairs and for the porch.
Making the stairs to the second floor yourself is a difficult task only at first glance. If you carry out the calculations correctly and carefully and consistently carry out all stages of assembly, you can confidently guarantee the success of such an event as making a staircase in the house with your own hands.
The first step is choosing the material that will be the least problematic to work with. All houses with more than 2 floors are made exclusively with metal or concrete interfloor stairs. These are fire safety requirements.
But making a metal staircase for a home requires significant skills in welding work, the presence of the welding machine. And its calculation is a rather complicated procedure.
Construction concrete stairs for the home - a labor-intensive process that requires the constant participation of several people.
But everyone has skills in working with wood, this light material and can be processed with simple tools. Therefore, if your house has 2 or more floors, then a wooden staircase is the most best option both in complexity and cost.
The designs of wooden stairs for the home are different. Screw ones take up little space, but are inconvenient to use, and their manufacturing technology is quite complex, which is why a novice craftsman will inevitably make catastrophic mistakes when assembling it. Therefore, it will be extremely difficult for a non-professional to make a screw model in a private house with his own hands. Although straight ones take up more space, they are very comfortable for walking and have a decisive advantage in our case - simple technology manufacturing.
Calculation of a straight staircase to the second floor of a house
If inconsistencies arose during assembly, they were corrected at the design stage. clear, detailed drawing with correctly calculated dimensions of the parts will guarantee that the assembly will go quickly and without any hiccups.
Pay attention! WITH The easiest way to make a diagram is according to the principle of the following ratio: the height of the staircase to the length of the span is equal to the height of the step to its depth.
This relationship follows from the similarity of triangles, one of which is formed by the flight of stairs, the length of the flight and the height of the flight, and the other is the height and depth of the step.
Dependence of the shape of steps on the angle of inclination
Angle = 30°; sin = 0.5; cos = 0.8660254; tg = 0.5773503; ctg = 1.7320508.
Explanation of the ratios:
- Sin – length of flight/flight of stairs.
- Cos – height/length of a flight of stairs.
- Tg – span height/length (or step height/depth).
It follows from this that in order to make a full calculation, it is enough to know two sizes - the height of the stairs and the length of the span, which you choose based on the conditions of the room. In the example under consideration, with a height of, say, 2 m, the length of the flight of stairs will be equal to 4 m, and with a standard tread depth of 30 cm, the height of the tread will be 30x0.5773503 = 17.32 cm. The span will be equal to 2x1.7320508 = 3.46 m.
Manufacturing procedure
To make stringers, planed pine boards 4 cm thick are used. Its width depends on the length of the flight of stairs. The longer it is, the wider the stringer should be. For this example, a board with a width of 15 cm is used. If the shelves for the steps are made by sawing, then the width of the board should be made even wider so that after cutting out the shelves for the steps, a section of at least 15 cm in width remains intact along the entire length. Such shelves are cut out with a jigsaw after marking.
It is done using a template, taking into account the slope of the stairs. The template can be the first cut triangle. Marking is done using a protractor and a ruler.
Important! When calculating the length of the stringer, the thickness of the overlap should be taken into account. In this case, the upper and lower steps of the stairs are not made. The role of the bottom step will be played by the support beam, and the top one will be the floor of the second floor.
There is another way to make shelves for steps. In this case, they are not cut out, but are formed by placing triangular fillies on the end of the supporting beam. In this case, a 15cm wide beam is used, since it will not weaken.
Mounting diagram
Next you need to make treads and risers. For the steps you can use the same pine. Sometimes the staircase for a home is made open, without risers. For treads it is recommended to use hard rocks wood, as more resistant to abrasion. If this is not possible, you can use laminated pine. Such treads will not at least crack, and they will not “twist” over time.
To install the stringers, a support beam is attached at the bottom in the right place, and at the top they are attached to the floor beam on which they rest.
Fastening elements
After installing the stringers, steps are attached to them. The steps are screwed in with self-tapping screws, coating the shelves with glue.
Railings are often made from ready-made balusters. The balusters are attached to the steps, two per step, using self-tapping screws passing through the holes in the steps from bottom to top. The railings are attached to the balusters with self-tapping screws, twisted into the balusters diagonally, with the caps recessed and the holes sealed with putty or decorative plugs.
Finally, everything is sanded, primed, painted or varnished.
Knowing the rules for calculating parameters and using a minimum of material, you can easily make a staircase to the second floor yourself.