Sweet pepper is a thermophilic culture. Grow a full-fledged pepper by sowing seeds immediately in open ground problematic even in southern regions. The plant has a long growing season, so for harvesting good harvest seedlings need to be grown.
We cannot control the weather outside the window, but we can create optimal conditions for growing seedlings under the power of everyone. After transplantation, peppers successfully take root in open ground, fruiting begins a month earlier - you are guaranteed to have time to harvest.
How to choose a variety of sweet pepper
When choosing a variety, consider a number of parameters:
- The length of summer in your area. Choose early and medium varieties if the summer is short. If warm weather is guaranteed for 2-2.5 months, varieties with an average ripening period will do. In the southern regions, it is possible to grow late-ripening varieties.
- The shape of the fruit is also important. Cylindrical and cone-shaped peppers with thick walls are good for salads, cubic peppers are best for stuffing, small peppers are best for pickling.
- Fruit Color: The darker, the sweeter the taste.
- Bush height. Low-growing and medium-sized plants are planted on beds under film shelter, tall ones are usually grown in greenhouses.
Terms of planting sweet pepper for seedlings
To obtain good planting material, timely is necessary. If sown too early, young peppers will overgrow in pots, then the lower fruits will begin to set. This takes strength from the plant, they may not take root in the open field, normal fruiting will be delayed.
How to calculate the time of planting sweet pepper seedlings:
- Varieties early term ripening should be sown 60 days before the intended transplantation into open ground,
- later - for 70-75 days.
- The best time for sowing sweet pepper for seedlings is the end of February-beginning of March, if you plan to plant immediately in open ground.
Take into account the subsequent place of growth. In a heated greenhouse, young seedlings are planted by the end of April, in greenhouses and film greenhouses - throughout May, and planting in open ground should be carried out in the first decade of June.
Also note that without a pick, the peppers will be ready for planting two weeks earlier.
It can be carried out in early February, but sweet pepper seedlings will need additional lighting. Use LED or phytolamps. Daylight hours should be 12 hours.
Preparing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings
To soak or not to soak, to process or not to process sweet pepper seeds before planting, everyone decides for himself. But experienced vegetable growers recommend showing a little patience in order to speed up germination and choose the highest quality seed. Alas, to increase the shelf life, sweet pepper seeds are often dried out - but this must be indicated on the packaging.
To get friendly shoots, it is necessary to carry out the selection and processing of seeds.
How to select the best seeds
Prepare a brine solution (30 g of table salt per 1 liter of water), immerse the seeds in it and stir well. See what happens in 5-10 minutes. Weak seeds will float to the surface, and high-quality, healthy ones will sink to the bottom. The latter should be washed well with water, laid out on paper and allowed to dry.
Disinfection from pathogens
The next step is disinfection. You will need a weak solution of potassium permanganate (1 g of powder per 1 liter of water), in which you should hold the seeds for 15-20 minutes. Then rinse and dry slightly.
Strengthening germination
Can be used folk remedies: take 2 g of wood ash for 1 liter of water. Infuse the solution for a day, then keep a bag of seeds in it for about 3 hours.
Soaking can be replaced by bubbling - seed treatment in oxygenated water. To do this, you will need an aquarium compressor. You need to take a large glass container, fill it 2/3 with water (temperature about 20 ° C). Lower the compressor so that its tip is at the bottom and turn on the appliance. When bubbles appear, lower the bag of seeds there and let it stand for a day.
seed hardening
Seedlings should have good immunity. resistance to change weather conditions, diseases will help increase the hardening of seeds. Hold the seeds in warm water until swelling, then move them to the bottom shelf of the refrigerator and stand for a day, then proceed to sowing.
Soil preparation for sowing sweet pepper
The soil needs to be nutritious.
The following options will work:
- Most reliable option- a special mixture for growing seedlings of pepper. Such soil has already been treated against diseases and pests.
- You can prepare the soil mixture yourself. Take 4 parts of peat, 2 parts sod land, 1 part of humus and rotted sawdust, 0.5 parts of river sand and add 2-3 tbsp. spoons of wood ash.
- Coconut substrate - can be easily found in flower shops.
- Soil with hydrogel. Hydrogel balls are great for retaining moisture in the soil. Lay them already swollen.
- Peat tablets- a very convenient option. For subsequent transplants, simply transfer the seedling with it to a container of a larger diameter.
It is recommended to add a little soil to the soil from the area where pepper will grow in the future. This contributes to the successful adaptation of seedlings after transplanting into open ground. Before entering into the soil mixture, this earth must be shed with a solution of potassium permanganate or calcined in the oven for 30-40 minutes.
What container is best to plant
As a container, it is best to use individual cups with a volume of about 100 ml. It is desirable that they are not transparent - exposure to sunlight negatively affects the development of the root system. You can make homemade cups, as shown in the video above.
Growing sweet pepper seedlings at home
How to sow sweet pepper for seedlings?
- The main condition is to plant immediately in separate cups so as not to disturb the fragile root system with a pick. Peppers after picking are very sick and stunted, fruiting is delayed.
- Planting depth 0.5-1 cm.
Preparing containers and soil for seedlings
Lay a drainage layer at the bottom of the tank (pieces of polystyrene foam, broken bricks, expanded clay).
Fill the cups with soil ¾, compact a little, pour. Make a groove about 1 cm deep, place 1 seed in each cup. Lightly cover with soil.
Lighting and heat
For healthy growth, it is necessary to provide an optimal microclimate: cover the crops with glass or film. To protect the seedlings from drafts as much as possible, place the containers in a box, install a dense wire along its edges, stretch the plastic film on top so that it completely covers the ground with crops.
The cold will destroy the plants, direct sunlight is vital for them. Southern window sills flooded with sunlight - an ideal place to grow seedlings bell pepper. When the days are warm, you can take out the seedlings to the insulated balcony, loggia. Be sure to place a heater under the cups with seedlings.
How many days does sweet pepper germinate for seedlings? We maintain the correct temperature
Compliance with the correct temperature regime- an important condition for growing seedlings:
- Until the first shoots appear, it is necessary to maintain the air temperature within 25-27 ° C.
- Sprouts will appear in 7-14 days (depending on the variety). During this time, ventilate the greenhouse every 2 days and spray the soil with a fine sprayer.
- The cover can then be removed. Maintain daytime air temperature at 23-25 °C, nighttime - 16-18 °C.
- The air temperature should not fall below 12 ° C, otherwise the plants will lose their leaves and may die.
From the lack of lighting, seedlings begin to reach out to look for a source of light. Older specimens stop growth rates, root system may start to rot. The optimal length of daylight hours for pepper is 9-10 hours. Light up during the daytime (from 8.00 to 20.00).
How to water
Abundant, but not often. The soil should be slightly moist, do not allow stagnant water. Watering is best done in the morning. Use softened water (thawed water, rainwater, or tap water that has been standing for a day), warm it up to room temperature.
The roots need to receive oxygen - after each watering, loosen the soil with a carnation or a match, only slightly breaking the crust on the surface. Do this very carefully, since damage to the root system leads to inhibition of growth, fruiting may not occur.
How to prepare sweet pepper seedlings for planting in the ground
Seedlings that have grown strong need to be hardened off. 10-12 days before transplanting into open ground, take out for a while for Fresh air or leave a window open indoors.
It is useful to spray seedlings with herbal infusion (use onions, garlic, pine needles, marigolds, calendula flowers for infusion).
Thus, the seedlings will become more resistant to diseases and pests.
Immediately after spraying, seedlings should not be taken out under the sun, let the leaves dry. Droplets of water on the leaves can cause sunburn.
top dressing
Sweet peppers need to be fed. Do this twice: apply the first top dressing at the stage of appearance of 3-4 true leaves, the second - with the appearance of 5-6 leaves.
Organics can be added under the root: a solution of mullein (1 part of humus per 10 parts of water) or an infusion chicken manure(for 1 part of dry manure to 20 parts of water). For foliar dressings use complex mineral fertilizers.
How to sow sweet pepper seedlings video
Disease protection
A slowdown in growth is a phenomenon that is possible for 2 reasons:
- The roots are damaged after picking. If you are a beginner gardener, it is better to refuse this procedure.
- Lack of fertilizer. In addition to stopping growth, in this case, pallor of the leaves is observed. It is important to feed the seedlings so as not to destroy them.
The plant loves moisture, but do not overdo it with watering. Excessive watering leads to black leg infection: the root neck becomes soft, darkens, the sprout withers and falls. The causative agent of the disease can be initially infected soil.
To prevent this from happening, you need to ensure proper care:
- When watering, water should not fall on the stems. While they are very tiny, apply water through a pipette or syringe into the aisles.
- Do not keep under cover for long. Ventilate the greenhouse regularly until seedlings emerge. Make sure that there is no dampness near the stems.
- Provide warmth: spores of a harmful fungus become active in cold, damp soil.
- There should be no sudden changes in temperature, so as not to weaken the immunity of seedlings.
External characteristics of good seedlings of sweet pepper
Young peppers are ready for transplantation to a permanent place of growth in 60-80 days. Their height should be 17-20 cm. The thickness of a strong stem at the root should be 3-4 mm. A healthy plant should have 7-10 well-developed leaves, buds may be present.
Transplant in open ground with the establishment of real heat (late May-early June).
Stick to a 40x50 cm planting pattern, you can plant seedlings two plants in one hole if you want to use a piece of land more economically.
When and how to plant sweet pepper seedlings in the ground, we look at the planting patterns in the video:
In greenhouse conditions, it is planted in early May, when the time of frost and cold passes. By this time, the plants should be strong, flowering. The age of the seedlings should be more than 2 months, so you need to carry out planting sweet pepper seedlings. With a later planting, the fruits simply do not have time to grow and ripen.
Important! It is not necessary to plant too early, otherwise there will be no good harvest. The best option- second half of February.
If, nevertheless, the planting was done ahead of time, prepare good greenhouse conditions to plant pepper in the ground in April.
In the north, northwest and central part of the Russian Federation, these vegetables are planted only through seedlings. Early maturing varieties are often used.
In Ukraine and the southern regions of the Russian Federation, seeds for seedlings are planted at the end of January or immediately into the greenhouse at the beginning of April.
Moon calendar
Many gardeners rely on the lunar calendar when planting crops.
The best time to land is to the growing moon. Many use clarifications - the growing moon should be in the sign of Scorpio, Aries and Sagittarius.
Auspicious days for planting peppers will be from 15 to 20 January, from 11 to 16 February and from 9 to 17 March.
Further care is also carried out according to the lunar calendar - watering, picking, landing in a greenhouse.
Sowing sweet pepper seedlings
Here we’ll talk about how to plant bell peppers from seeds?
Sowing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings. Seeds must be prepared to landing. Some germinate seeds in wet material, but you can do without it. .
better to buy in specialized stores, packages already contain all the necessary components in the right proportions.
If you use the land from the site, it must be disinfected (potassium permanganate solution) and steamed in the oven. Then the soil follows (ash, potassium sulfate and liquid sodium humate).
How to plant bell pepper seedlings? It is better to immediately plant peppers in separate containers with a diameter of about 5-6 cm. So you avoid picking and initially strengthen the root system of plants.
Reference! It is good to use containers that decompose in the ground (paper and peat cups) for convenient planting in permanent soil. Several seeds should be placed in cups at once, peppers are difficult to germinate.
There is an opinion that when peppers lose special hairs with which they absorb nutrients.
If planted in a common container, then the distance between the sprouts should be more than 2 cm.
Planting depth - about 3-4 cm. It is better to warm the top layer of the earth with warm water, sow the seedlings and sprinkle the earth with a layer of 3-4 cm on top. So the soil will be more air-saturated.
Then you should cover the crops with polyethylene to form the desired humidity, when open.
It is better to put seedlings on the south side, in a bright place, the optimum air temperature for germination should be about 25 degrees. then it can be reduced to 20. If the growth is weak, the temperature must be increased again.
Important! Plants stretch towards the sun, bending. It is necessary to turn the seedlings to straighten the stems. Seedlings are afraid of drafts!
Water as the soil dries out. Initially - once a week, otherwise the appearance ("black leg") is likely, then watering is carried out more often.
Picks are carried out when two well-developed leaves appear. A few hours before you need to water well.
Then you can feed every 5 days. For this use mixture of urea and saltpeter(1 tablespoon) per bucket of water. Many use a glass of mullein per bucket.
A month before planting in the greenhouse, plants are hardened- open the window or take it out to the veranda or balcony.
After a period of 60 - 80 days and with good flowering plants should be transplanted into a greenhouse. Plants should have 10 leaves.
The soil in the greenhouse must also be disinfected and warmed up.
Properly grown seedlings are the key to a good harvest. All efforts will not be in vain. We told how to sow sweet peppers for seedlings, gave the rules for sowing bell peppers for seedlings, planting dates.
To get a chic crop of sweet peppers, you first need to properly grow strong seedlings at home. The procedure for growing a crop is in many ways similar to eggplant and partly to tomatoes, but there are also cardinal differences. Pepper reacts sharply to fluctuations in temperature (sharp drops) and an unsuccessful transplant (pick), because of which the level of his vitality drops sharply and he slows down in growth.
Therefore, before you start sowing pepper seeds for seedlings, you need to familiarize yourself with the main features and rules for its cultivation. Next, you will find detailed step-by-step instructions for preparing and directly planting pepper seeds for seedlings at home, as well as useful photo and video materials.
How to choose a good variety of sweet pepper
Note! The site already has several detailed review articles about most popular and the best varieties sweet pepper, which will definitely help you make your choice:
Video: pepper seeds - how to choose the right varieties
How to plant pepper seedlings
It is very important to plant pepper seedlings correctly, and first choose optimal timing for sowing, prepare and process the planting material itself, soil and containers. And, of course, sow the seeds themselves to the desired depth.
When to sow seeds: optimal sowing time
Note! The site already has a detailed article about, including auspicious days for landing in 2019, according to the lunar calendar.
How to prepare seeds for planting seedlings
Note! More complete information on the preparation and processing of pepper seeds before sowing seedlings you will find .
To make the correct and efficient planting of pepper seeds for seedlings, it is important to carry out preliminary training seeds. This procedure will help to disinfect the planting material, as well as activate its vitality in a shorter time.
Note! The shelf life of pepper seeds should not exceed 3 years. Further, germination is significantly reduced.
Important! On sale you can find pelleted (granulated) pepper seeds. Such planting material does not need any preparation, it is already processed and coated with a special nutritious shell. It must be sown dry so as not to wash off the protective film.
Technology for preparing pepper seeds for sowing:
- disinfection (etching) in a pink solution of potassium permanganate (this is a very weak remedy), it is much better in (Alirin, Gamair is also suitable) for 20-30 minutes (in gauze), followed by rinsing under running water;
- soaking in a growth stimulator, for example, in "Epin" or "Zircon" (according to instructions) in order to enhance growth processes;
As an option, you can use an infusion of ash (1 tablespoon per 500 ml of water, let stand for 2 days), in which you need to withstand the seeds wrapped in a gauze bag for 4-5 hours.
- germination (soaking) of seeds in water(you can add a growth stimulant) for their swelling and subsequent awakening (germination).
If you simply submerge the seeds in water, there will be no effect, because oxygen is required to awaken them. That's why seeds need to be soaked in a damp cloth (namely a cloth or cotton pads, they can grow roots into gauze) so that the seeds have access to both moisture and air), for example, putting it on a saucer, and covering it with a plastic bag (food wrap) on top so that moisture does not evaporate quickly, in other words, create a greenhouse effect.
Wherein optimal seed germination temperature pepper - + 23-28 degrees. Therefore, a saucer with soaked seeds must be removed in a warm place, for example, on Kitchen Cabinet n and 2-3 days before germination.
Video: preparing pepper seeds for sowing seedlings
Note! The most complete information on the processing and preparation of pepper seeds for sowing seedlings you will find .
Which substrate to choose
In order for seedlings to have all the necessary components for growth and development at the initial stage, a special soil should be selected.
The soil mixture itself should be loose, light and nutritious, and its acidity should be close to neutral.
If the gardener is not able to cook it on his own, you can solve the problem by buying ready ground for growing seedlings of pepper(which is usually also suitable for eggplant and tomatoes).
If desired, the necessary soil mixture can be prepared independently by combining and mixing the following components:
- garden (garden) land;
- peat;
- perlite, coconut substrate or river sand.
Important! Experts do not recommend adding humus or mineral fertilizers to the soil mixture at the stage of sowing seeds for seedlings, as this can lead to intensive growth of the aerial part with further lodging of seedlings.
Some gardeners initially sow germinated seeds in pure coco substrate (without soil), to subsequently transplant into pots with soil, although again you can mix the earth with coconut. But the method is very risky, it is better to just experiment with it first.
Advice! Before sowing pepper seeds, the right decision is to preliminary disinfection of the soil. For example, it can be calcined in the oven or microwave. Or shed with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate, a preparation or "Previkur" (according to instructions).
Video: land for seedlings of peppers, eggplants and tomatoes
Planting tank selection
What is the best container to use for planting a crop, each gardener decides for himself.
Naturally, if you are going to grow with picks, then it is initially logical to sow in a common container (wooden box, Plastic container), and then dive into individual containers. Although initially it can be sown in small (0.1-0.2 liters) personal cups (pots or cassettes).
If without a pick, then, of course, immediately into separate sufficiently voluminous containers (from 0.5 liters).
Important! The main requirement for the landing container is that it must have drainage holes.
Alternatively, you can also (optionally) add a drainage layer of expanded clay or fine gravel.
To understand the advantages and disadvantages of one or another landing container, it is worth considering several options.
Video: containers for planting and growing seedlings
Plastic cups
The most popular and convenient container for growing seedlings of pepper and other crops.
For landing and further dives are required plastic cups volume from 100 to 500 ml.
Advantages: reusable, extracting seedlings without damaging the roots, low price.
Disadvantages: lack of drainage holes, the need for an additional pallet, instability, inconvenience during transportation.
wooden box
The advantage of this container is that it is durable and you can make it yourself, saving the family budget. In addition, when transporting seedlings, no additional devices are required.
disadvantage wooden box is that in the filled form it has a lot of weight, and with further transplantation into the ground, the seedlings are almost impossible to pull out without damaging the root system.
Therefore, boxes, as a rule, are used only for the initial sowing of seeds, and in the future, individual containers are already used for picking.
Plastic cassettes
Cassettes are plastic cells interconnected. Now they are put up for sale in a very wide range, which allows you to choose containers different size complete with drip tray and transparent lid.
As a rule, plastic cassettes are used for picking, but, in theory, they can be used for initial sowing.
The advantage of using them is that they are already equipped with drainage holes, are easily cut with scissors into individual specimens, and are also light in weight and allow you to easily remove seedlings from the cell (during transshipment and planting in the ground).
The disadvantages of the structures include fragility and relative inconvenience during the further transportation of seedlings.
Peat cups (pots)
They are round containers made of ecological material (peat and cardboard, ideally 70% and 30%).
Ideal for picking.
The main advantage is that they dissolve in the soil and provide additional plant nutrition while the root system is not damaged. In other words, seedlings are planted without taking out, but together with a pot burying it in the ground.
The main disadvantages of these landing tanks is that they are very moisture evaporates quickly Therefore, regular and frequent watering. However, because of this, they often moldy(due to overflow). In addition, peat cups have a relatively high cost.
Video: the pros and cons of planting seedlings in peat pots
By the way! There are also peat cassettes.
Peat tablets
They are compressed peat, which is placed in a thin shell. Before sowing seeds for seedlings, you must first soak the tablets in water for about 10 minutes.
Tablets are easy to use, stimulate the development of a strong root system, as they have a balanced nutritional composition. The disadvantages include the rapid evaporation of moisture, the need for an additional pallet and a high price.
Video: sowing seeds in peat tablets.
By the way! Lately it has become popular to plant in snails. Indeed, this is convenient, but peppers do not tolerate picking, and with this method, rather severe damage to the roots occurs during picking. Therefore, it is better to leave it for tomatoes, for which the transplant is not at all terrible.
Landing pattern
When sowing seeds of sweet pepper, it should be understood that over time, the seedlings will need more space, so initially they should be planted at a distance so that they can fully develop before picking, without interfering with each other.
Important! In the case of dense plantings, the risk of developing diseases increases, the seedlings will stretch excessively and develop poorly due to lack of light and nutrition.
Bell pepper seeds are recommended to be planted in rows at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other and with a row spacing of 3-4 cm. The more free space each seedling has, the longer it will be able to fully develop without picking. Such an optimal sowing technology will contribute to the normal cultivation of seedlings in the future.
Think! Some gardeners believe that pepper is better to grow without picking at all, in other words, the seeds should be planted immediately in separate pots or at a greater distance (3-5 cm apart, 4-6 cm in a row).
Video: growing pepper without a pick
Direct landing
Step-by-step instruction sowing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings:
- Pour the prepared soil into the container.
- pour over warm water and allow moisture to soak in, and the soil to settle.
- Make rows 1 cm deep with acceptable row spacing.
By the way! Some plant peppers to a depth of 1.5 cm, but the recommended one is exactly 1 cm.
- Spread the seeds at a distance.
- Sprinkle with soil and moisten the surface with a spray bottle.
- Cover the container with a transparent lid or cover with a plastic bag (film) to create a greenhouse effect.
- Put in a dark and warm place until shoots appear when temperature + 25-27 degrees, like a kitchen cabinet.
Video: sowing pepper seeds for seedlings
And the next video shows even more detailed process sowing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings:
Caring for pepper seedlings after sowing
In order to eventually grow full-fledged and strong seedlings, you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules for caring for and growing peppers at home.
Temperature and light conditions
In the future, for the stable growth of the aerial part without compromising the development of the root system the air temperature during the day should be within + 22-26 degrees, and at night - + 16-18 degrees. Optimal soil temperature - + 19-21 degrees.
Pepper is a short day plant.
Therefore, in order for the seedlings to fully develop, daylight hours should be only about 9-10 hours(and for late varieties even less).
Because sowing seedlings occurs early enough, then, of course, it is optimal to place the seedlings on the southern windowsill, but a western or eastern window is also suitable (or even better, a southwestern or southeastern one).
However, if your windows face the north side or you often have cloudy weather, then seedlings cannot be dispensed with.
Watering
Watering pepper seedlings at home should only when the topsoil dries up, avoiding overflow and drying out of the earth (especially withering of plants).
Important! Water for watering pepper seedlings should be separated and warm (+ 25-30 degrees) or at least at room temperature.
Video: utrails for seedlings of peppers - from germination to picking
picking
Pepper negatively tolerates any damage to the roots and recovers for a long time after transplantation, so picking should be done very carefully.
How to care for seedlings after picking
Further care for pepper seedlings is similar: you need to maintain temperature and light conditions, as well as water on time and, if necessary, start feeding.
top dressing
Top dressing is an important element in the care of pepper seedlings at home. However, if you originally used nutrient soil, then you can usually do without additional fertilizer. But if appearance seedlings is a concern, then top dressing is simply necessary, it will help the plant develop normally.
By the way! If your young plants need extra food, then all the information about feeding seedlings of pepper you will find .
Preparing for planting in the ground - hardening
Since seedlings are grown at home, before planting seedlings in open ground, they should first be adapted to more severe environmental conditions (for example, to sudden temperature changes, direct sunbeams etc.) so that after transplantation she does not get into a strong stressful situation.
To do this, 2 weeks before planting the seedlings in a permanent place, in open ground, you should start preparing it, in other words, harden it, gradually taking the seedlings to the balcony or to the greenhouse.
Video: caring for pepper seedlings - from picking to planting
When and how to plant pepper seedlings in open ground: optimal timing
Pepper seedlings should be planted in a permanent place only when minutes threat of return frosts, and the air temperature will not be lower than +15 degrees, regardless of the time of day. Wherein the soil should warm up to at least +10, and better + 12-15 degrees.
As for the requirements for appearance, then pepper seedlings by the time of planting should be strong, with a well-developed root system and have 8-12 true leaves. Besides, early varieties should have clearly expressed first formed buds.
Thus, the approximate time for planting pepper in the ground in the South of Russia is the second half - the end of April, in middle lane(Moscow region) - the second half of May, and in the northern regions (Urals, Siberia) - not earlier than the 3rd decade of May - early June, at about the same time pepper is planted in the North-West (Leningrad region).
Naturally, it is possible to plant in a greenhouse earlier (for 1-2 weeks), because. soil in closed ground warms up faster.
The very procedure for planting pepper seedlings in open ground is standard: transfer the seedlings into pre-prepared planting holes, maintaining the integrity of the earthen coma, and then thoroughly shed.
Thus, even a novice summer resident is able to grow strong and healthy seedlings of pepper at home, which in the end will be able to give a generous and tasty harvest. It is only necessary to comply with all the requirements for sowing and seedling conditions, and also not to ignore the basic rules for its cultivation.
Video: growing pepper from A to Z - from sowing seedlings to planting in open ground and harvesting
In contact with
The topic of sowing sweet pepper seeds is of great importance, which is why it deserves a separate article.
Growing plants must be approached very carefully, as they are very capricious. If you grow seedlings for it incorrectly, then the fruits will bring you surprises in the form of a sharp taste or inappropriate color.
Pepper is an important product of any gardener or gardener, and this is understandable, because this fruit is incredibly healthy and has great taste. And now let's talk in more detail about how to grow seedlings.
Choosing the right seeds
To begin with, we will talk about what not to do when choosing planting material:
- Choose bright packaging. The packaging often depicts a fruit that does not actually look like that. You need to read the information.
- If you plan to buy seeds and continue to receive offspring that can be successfully sold in your garden, then you should not buy hybrids (seeds labeled F1). The fact is that a hybrid is a crossing of different peppers in order to obtain their best qualities. Hybrids are not capable of producing offspring.
- Avoid coated seeds. Do not be afraid of this word. Coating is the treatment with fertilizers in order to bring only benefits to the plant.
- Choose highly exotic species. The fact is that in your area they may simply not grow.
- Buy too much material. Its shelf life is limited, so your stocks may well disappear plant functions.
Now that you know what mistakes to avoid, we will talk about the rules for choosing seedlings for seedlings:
- We choose seeds that suit our region and climate. So we get the maximum effect from the harvest.
- We select varieties. There are many criteria by which varieties are classified. These are color, size, taste, wall thickness, juiciness, germination time. You need to choose the variety that is most convenient for you to care for.
- The variety or hybrid you want to purchase depends on whether you need offspring. Hybrids are not able to give it.
Actually, this is all you need to know before buying. Now let's deal with the timing of sowing, this is one of the most important points, without which we cannot do without in our business.
When to sow
The fact is that Bell pepper germinates in 10-15 days, but has a long growing season.
Therefore, you need to start sowing early. This is usually done in winter, specifically from January 20 to February 10. In addition to the fact that the seeds need to be sown on time, they also need to be properly prepared for sowing.
We dilute a weak solution of potassium permanganate and keep the seeds in it for about 15 minutes. Then we wash and leave for a while in a solution of trace elements. After that, we wash the seeds again and do not let them dry for a couple of days. Everything, our seeds are ready and we can discuss how to germinate them.
How to germinate seeds
As a rule, seeds should be germinated until roots appear 0.5 cm in size.
A wide container filled with wet sawdust is the first thing you need for germination. You can also use an alternative - a damp cloth on which the seeds are laid out, then they are covered with several layers of damp gauze.
If there is a desire, then you can use some kind of growth stimulator.
It's important to know: do not miss the moment of the desired germination, otherwise the roots will cut into sawdust or a rag and may break off when removed. Check the seeds every few hours.
Now, knowing all the subtleties of germination, we can proceed directly to seedlings.
How to plant seeds
Sowing sweet pepper seeds is a very important step that will show the result of all your previous efforts.
Immediately, in order to avoid disappointment, we will discuss the main mistakes in direct seeding:
- Plant too deep. The fact is that the seeds do not receive sufficient watering in this case.
- The air temperature should be around 20 degrees. A strong deviation from the norm will worsen germination.
- Do not assume that any soil will do for seedlings.
If you select the wrong soil, then the earth will be heavily compacted during irrigation and small bores simply will not be able to climb to the surface.
It is for sweet peppers that meadow soil with the addition of wood ash, river sand and humus is ideal. A few days before sowing, the soil must be treated with boiling water.
Now let's move on to landing. So, here are the steps you need to do to grow high-quality seedlings:
- We place the seeds to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm, sprinkle with a small layer of soil with a solution of potassium permanganate. The distance between rows should be about 5 cm, and between plants in a row - up to 2 cm..
- The container with the planted seeds should be placed in a warm place and covered with foil.
- After about a week, the pepper will begin to sprout. When this happens, you need to remove the film and place the container on the windowsill, while opening at least the window. The temperature should be about 15 degrees.
- After 2 weeks, when the strength of the sprouts can already be determined, you need to thin them out. The weakest sprouts must be removed to allow the strong ones to develop.
- When 1-2 leaves appear, usually after 25 days, you need to finally thin out the plants, leaving the strongest ones. The distance between plants should be at least 4 cm.
Note: to reduce the risk of damage to the root system of the pepper, plants can be dived at the stage of two leaves.
Picking is the landing of each pepper in a separate container. In this process, do not damage the stalk of the seedlings.
When picking, it is advisable to go deep no more than 0.5 cm. After the plant, you need to pour plenty of water. But it must be taken into account that the pepper does not tolerate a pick.
Now let's talk directly about the care and germination of seeds.
Germination
Usually germination occurs on the 5-7th day from the date of planting. Small fragile sprouts appear. In 80% of cases, each seed sprouts without problems.
If there are problems at this stage, you need to figure out why sweet pepper seeds do not germinate. This is usually due to poor compact soil, but it also happens that the seeds are deeply planted and the soil is too dry.
Therefore, it is imperative to follow the instructions and be very selective in choosing the soil for the pepper, because the plant is, of course, capricious. When caring for a plant, the main thing is to water the seedlings on time.
This should be done every time the topsoil dries out. Peppers should be planted on the bed so that they do not interfere with each other and are not intertwined.
With proper observance of the rules, the plants will delight you with a juicy, fleshy crop.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated in growing, however, this is a very important stage, which is the basis for the further development of the crop and determines it. taste qualities.
Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jams, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruit and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, resembling burdock, protrudes beautiful background for one year olds. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.
3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage and meat sandwich - great idea for quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and some spices. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, for medium ripening - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.
Unpretentious plants of the "second plan" sansevieria do not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal maintenance. Stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.
One of the brightest months of the garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.
Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most good choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.
I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To fulfill my dream of a garden that does not require big care He probably fits perfectly. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.
June is not accidentally one of the favorite months of gardeners. The first harvest, new crops in the vacant places, the rapid growth of plants - all this cannot but rejoice. But the main enemies of gardeners and gardeners - pests and weeds - also this month use every opportunity to spread. Planting work is on the wane this month, and seedling planting is at its peak. The lunar calendar in June for vegetables is balanced.
Many owners of cottages, equipping the territory, think about creating a lawn. Imagination draws, as a rule, magical pictures - an even carpet of green grass, a hammock, a deck chair, a barbecue and beautiful trees and shrubs around the perimeter ... But, faced with the breakdown of the lawn in practice, many are surprised to learn that it is not so easy to create a beautiful even lawn . And, it would seem, everything is done correctly, but here and there incomprehensible bumps appear or weeds sprout.
The June schedule of garden work can surprise anyone with its richness. In June, even lawns and ponds require attention. Alone ornamental plants have already completed flowering and need pruning, others are just getting ready for the upcoming show. And donate ornamental garden in order to take better care of the ripening crop - the idea is not the best. AT lunar calendar June will be the time to plant new perennials and potted compositions.
Cold pork leg terrine is a meat appetizer from the category of budget recipes, because pork legs are one of the cheapest parts of the carcass. Despite the modesty of the ingredients, the appearance of the dish and its taste are highest level! Translated from French, this “game dish” is a cross between a pate and a casserole. Since there were fewer game hunters in times of technological progress, terrine is made more often from livestock meat, fish, vegetables, and cold terrines are also made.
In pretty pots or trendy florariums, on walls, tables and window sills, succulents can last weeks without watering. They do not change their character and do not perceive conditions that are comfortable for most capricious indoor plants. And their diversity will allow everyone to find their favorite. Similar either to stones, or to bizarre flowers, or to extravagant sticks or lace, fashionable succulents have long been not limited to cacti and fat women.
Trifle with strawberries is a light dessert common in England, the USA and Scotland. I think this dish is prepared everywhere, only called differently. Trifle consists of 3-4 layers: fresh fruit or fruit jelly, biscuit biscuit or biscuit, whipped cream. Usually cooked custard for a layer, but for a light dessert they prefer to do without it, whipped cream is enough. This dessert is prepared in a deep transparent salad bowl so that the layers are visible.
Weeds are bad. They stop growing cultivated plants. Some wild herbs and shrubs are poisonous or may cause allergies. At the same time, many weeds can be of great benefit. They are used and how medicinal herbs, and as an excellent mulch or component of green manure, and as a means of repelling harmful insects and rodents. But in order to properly fight or use this or that plant for the good, it must be identified.