How to build a house from concrete panels. Building a concrete house with your own hands Poured concrete house

Various technologies the construction of houses is more or less popular, for example, it is experiencing a real boom, as are houses made of timber, brick or block masonry is consistently in the lead, but the monolith is still quite a rare phenomenon. However, on our portal there is positive experience in building houses using monolithic technology, which may be of interest to self-builders who have not yet decided on the choice of method for constructing their house. Consider:

Technologies of monolithic house construction.
What is the monolith made of and pouring technologies.
Examples of monolithic houses of portal participants.

Monolithic housing construction

Initially, monolithic construction meant only the construction of structures made of reinforced concrete, since there was simply no alternative to a reinforcing frame and cement-based mortar with aggregates. When pouring, prefabricated formwork is used. Not so long ago, monolithic construction was widespread only in industrial quantities, for the construction of multi-story buildings, public buildings or production facilities. But gradually the technology began to spread into the private sphere, which is due to a number of advantages of monolithic houses.

Immelnikoff

In my opinion, the trick of monolithic reinforced concrete is as follows:

thin load-bearing walls (120-140 mm);
high strength of the entire building, hence safety;
seismic resistance;
fire safety (all electrical wiring is laid inside the formwork before pouring);
good “air” sound insulation (shock insulation is poor);
high heat capacity of the house;
durability (100-150 years);
stable geometric dimensions of the house - optimization of interior decoration;
versatility - any, without restrictions interior decoration;
psychological comfort from the knowledge that nothing in the house will collapse, that the insulation will not get wet, that no person will break through the walls, that the house is a real centuries-old fortress.

This is my list.

Of course, the monolith has its share of shortcomings.

jtdesign

This technology requires qualified builders and the presence of concrete plants in the area, so as not to transport concrete further than 50 km. It is also unreasonable to build without a detailed design (reinforcement diagram, formwork diagram). So this may be one of the obstacles to the widespread adoption of this type of private home.

But any material has disadvantages; it’s another matter that their number does not outweigh. A concrete mixer plus modifying additives - and you can fill it with self-mixed concrete. Ideally, any construction process requires qualified performers, but in reality, our craftsmen have repeatedly proven that self-builders will give many “pros” a head start, since they build for themselves. If you have the desire, you can learn anything.

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Interested in monolithic construction on your own (without reference to deadlines) two-story house For permanent residence size 10x10 m. Considering different types monolith, but reinforced concrete is a priority. I will build it alone, slowly, step by step, in general, long-term construction, I have no experience in construction, but the most important thing is that I have the desire, and this is very motivating.

Varieties of monolith

If initially monolithic houses were only reinforced concrete, today there are also variations on the theme - instead of DSP they use wood concrete or sawdust concrete, and instead of a reinforcement frame - wooden racks.

But the essence remains the same - enclosing structures are not assembled or laid out from individual elements, but rather are poured. As a result, monolithic, seamless walls of almost any geometric shape are formed, which frees up the hands of architects. That is, if the abundance of bay windows and arches during construction from block/brick/wood will significantly complicate the process, then when pouring special effort not required.

Since ordinary reinforced concrete turns out to be too cold, due to its high thermal conductivity and thin walls, foam concrete, polystyrene concrete or expanded clay concrete are used to do without additional insulation. In the first case, the thermal conductivity of the wall is reduced due to the formation of large quantity air pores due to foam, in the second - by adding polystyrene or expanded clay granules. But by variety, the monolith is divided not by the type of concrete poured, but by the type of formwork - it can be removable or permanent.

Removable formwork

In the private sector, it is usually made of moisture-resistant or laminated plywood; boards, metal or plastic are less commonly used. The sheets are used whole or cut into pieces, depending on the scale of the fill. The elements are fastened together and, as they are poured, moved to a new location, since only specialized companies can afford to assemble the formwork for the entire house at once. And self-builders fill houses in stages, mainly horizontally. Plywood is deservedly popular, as it holds its shape well and allows you to get a smooth wall surface, and if it is also laminated, then the set can be enough for more than one construction site. As for fasteners, everything is individual.

alexxxxx

Plywood 12 mm thick, increased moisture resistance, 2500 × 1200 mm, cut in half lengthwise (600 mm), four ties per sheet (sheets were drilled through, folded together, 100 mm from the bottom), the top was tied together with bars. Ties with two jammed nuts at one end, 250 mm long, 8 mm in diameter, were lowered into the spindle. Drive-in nuts are driven into the formwork from the outside; you only need to turn it (with a screwdriver) from inside the walls.

Rearranging removable formwork as it is poured is considered one of the most labor-intensive and time-consuming processes, and the fewer operations required, the better.

Permanent formwork

Unlike the removable one, intended solely to give the filler the desired shape and dismantled after setting, the non-removable one remains in the “pie” and at the same time serves as insulation. These are hollow blocks or slabs with composite lintels, smooth edges or a grooved connection system. Fixed formwork is either entirely made of expanded polystyrene, or combined - PPS as outer wall, and the internal one is from slab materials. There are also technologies for permanent formwork, where EPS is used only as insulation, and both walls are made of pressed wood chips. Such blocks are considered more environmentally friendly than polystyrene ones.

sasha_nik

I will note the main advantages and disadvantages of this type of permanent formwork, in my opinion, from the point of view of not a professional, but a consumer.

Advantages:

Saving house space - wall thickness 32 cm.
In terms of cost and speed of construction, it is no more expensive than, say, aerated concrete, 400 mm thick with insulation.
The wall is monolithic - the most durable, in theory, the likelihood of its destruction, i.e., the formation of cracks, if the technology is followed, is practically excluded.
Interior houses made of chip-cement slabs - the microclimate will be close to the microclimate of a wooden house.
In interior wall It's easy to screw in screws, it's easy to make grooves for electrical wiring.

Flaws:

Expanded polystyrene as insulation is a dubious drawback, taking into account the fact that using EPS technology it will be protected from external influences non-flammable materials. Whether it will fall apart in thirty years is also debatable and largely depends on the quality of the PPS itself and on the quality of work performed during construction. But this is the only thing that confuses me about this technology. Although many insulation systems are also based on polystyrene foam.
The facade is made of chip-cement slabs - this disadvantage can be easily eliminated with a protective curtain screen, decorative plaster or other method.

The thickness of the heat insulation layer is selected depending on the region of construction, it starts from 50 mm, but on average 100 mm is enough if we are not talking about the northern regions. You can find out the exact figure by making a heat calculation, and based on the results, select suitable blocks or slabs.

Monolithic houses of portal participants

alexxxxx made of monolithic reinforced concrete using removable formwork technology.

alexxxxx

The walls were minimally reinforced (openings, corners and upper layers of floors along the perimeter, trimmings between layers). The concrete was mixed ourselves, proportions 1/2.5/3 (cement, sand, crushed stone). Crushed stone used fractions of 20-40 mm, I regretted a thousand times that I did not buy 10-20 mm, it is difficult to take large ones with a shovel from a pile and it is much easier to bayonet concrete with a small fraction. It took two months with breaks for the main work (the slab was poured last year).

A house for permanent residence, the foundation is a regular slab, 15 cm thick, with ribs of 40 cm, backfilled with 30 cm sand, drainage around the perimeter. The slab was immediately filled with a heated floor contour, six branches (33 m each), water distribution to the bathroom and kitchen, and a sewerage system (grey drains).

The user's walls are 15 cm thick on the first floor and 12 cm on the second, lightweight floor slab (beams 15 cm, canvas 7-8 cm). It was not possible to finish it in one season, so the cast box spent the winter without a roof or insulation, but no cracks or other damage were found in the spring. In the new season, the project underwent changes, and the house acquired an extension using the same technology, but with the addition of a ready-made crushed stone-sand mixture to the concrete. Insulation with expanded polystyrene slabs on the facade (18-20 cm), expanded polystyrene crumbs on the attic floor (30-35 cm).

Our other craftsman - cprivetom, preferred with PPS as insulation for my one-story monolithic house.

cprivetom

We began construction of a house for a family of six - two parents and four children, a house for permanent residence. I had to tinker with the layout. We treat the house quite utilitarianly, the main thing is that you can live in it comfortably, and decorativeness is secondary. Therefore, the form is simple - without bay windows, tricky corners, ledges and turrets, the roof is gable, the facades are without decorations. Some say you have a “barn” style, but for us it’s a simple “ranch”.

The foundation is a slab, 30 cm thick, lying on a 10 cm layer of EPS, the slabs are laid on a compacted bed of crushed stone (5 cm), the crushed stone is laid on a compacted sand “cushion” (40 cm). The main communications – water supply and sewerage – were previously laid out in a layer of sand. The insulation was covered with glass insulation, a reinforcement frame was laid in two layers with reinforcement under load-bearing walls(step 125 mm), concreted with ready-made mortar.

We would like to warn you right away that do-it-yourself flood house– this is a very bold project that needs to be approached very responsibly. If you do not have the necessary skills in cement work, it is better to entrust the construction of the building to professionals.

Since we started talking about difficulties, let’s mention one more. Hardening process cement mixture– long, it takes at least 28 days. In addition, it is advisable to build poured concrete houses at positive temperatures.

Now about the positives. In terms of costs, such a house will be cheaper than a brick one. At the same time it will be quite durable. And most importantly: you can pour cement into any, the most bizarre shapes and volumes, “playing” with curved figures and creating a unique structure, which no other material will allow you to do.

Stages

The poured foundation for a house using this technology should be deeper and wider than for brick building, – by about one third. When the foundation has hardened, we tie reinforcement with wire to the protruding rods of its frame, which will “hold” the concrete wall. We put up the formwork. In a completely poured structure, the formwork must be assembled along the entire perimeter, not forgetting the empty openings for doors and windows.

The construction of poured houses may not be monolithic. In this case, cement columns and lintels will become the support of the entire structure, and the wall space between them can be covered with other materials: slabs, bricks, etc. Optimal width cement supports in this case - 400 mm. The width of the jumpers is the same. The standard height of the latter is 400 mm (and 200 mm for openings on the second floor).

When building a poured house with your own hands, it is permissible to use floor slabs - if you are confident in the strength calculations made. Cement lintels can support this weight. We finish the job by installing the roof.

Characteristics of a concrete building

Unfortunately, it is impossible to talk about the construction of an entire building in one article. But we tried to answer the basic questions so that you get an idea of how to properly build a flooded house.

A concrete house is right choice, because it is much more durable and stronger than brick. However, it is necessary to distinguish between technologies for building houses from monolithic concrete and concrete blocks, since these, as they say, are two big differences. This article will focus on the first case, in which the structure is a single non-prefabricated frame, which can then be finished to improve the appearance.

Why is it worth building a monolithic concrete house?

Solid structures have a lot of advantages over prefabricated ones: higher reliability, longer service life, low heat transfer rates, and so on. Let's take a closer look at the advantages of monolithic houses:

Reliability . Since a seam always has lower strength than the material it joins, it can be concluded that the fewer seams the better, and perfect option- when there are no seams at all. Such houses are very common in seismically active areas, for example, in Japan, where earthquakes occur almost every month, almost all houses, including multi-storey ones, are built using monolithic technology, so they can easily withstand even the strongest shocks. Also, in places where there is fighting, monoliths are also quite popular, and Israel is a prime example of this. Good one-piece concrete house it can withstand a direct hit from a rocket, and although the glass will still be broken, at least you won’t have to rebuild it.
Long service life . If you build a house out of brick, it will undoubtedly last a long time. Your children, and even a few grandchildren, can live in it before it has to be completely renovated. But a monolithic concrete house will give a roof over the heads of your grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and even great-great-grandchildren, which, of course, is very nice. The thing is that any structure wears out over time, but what quickly deteriorates is not the material itself from which it is built, but the seams connecting the blocks. For example, in brick house The layer between the bricks deteriorates very quickly, and after it they themselves begin to collapse. But since there are no seams in a monolithic house, the only thing that can deteriorate is the concrete itself, and as we know, it lasts a very long time.
These houses are warmer . The absence of seams avoids the presence of microcracks through which air passes, taking heat with it. In addition, these microcracks tend to diverge over time, as air currents erode their edges. This is not the case in monolithic houses, so they can be built even in areas where there is wind. strong winds- there will be no draft.
Prospects . With the development of 3-D printing technologies, it has become possible to literally stamp houses using a 3-D printer. This does not require workers or complex building construction, and the procedure itself will only take a couple of days. Imagine how a huge self-propelled printer with a dozen tanks of liquid concrete arrives at the site of your future home and starts printing your house - fantastic! Of course, this is not yet technically feasible, but in the future, in 30-40 years, they will build this way.

Flaws

The main disadvantage of monolithic houses is high price . While the technology for 3-D printing of residential buildings is very poorly developed and is only capable of serving the low-budget sector, monoliths have to be built manually. But the procedure for constructing a monolithic house is quite difficult and therefore requires highly qualified builders.

The most difficult thing here is the construction of the formwork into which liquid concrete is poured. The fact is that if you install it incorrectly, then during filling it will simply break and all the concrete will spill out. This problem is especially acute in areas with soft soil, as it also contributes to its loosening.

From experienced craftsmen construction work there are secrets of how to strengthen the formwork, and that is why such workers are very expensive. Building a monolithic house on your own is far from the best idea, which is why there are relatively few such structures in our country.

The need to create high formwork. As already mentioned, the construction of solid concrete houses requires reliable scaffolding, which will not fall apart at the most crucial moment. Only an experienced team, which has already been involved in similar constructions many times, can design and build such floors. And of course, developing forests takes time.

Difficulty in installing concrete floors. The fact that concrete can break through the formwork is only part of the problem. In fact, quite often when it is built by unskilled workers, it breaks under its own weight.

High quality concrete required. Finding good concrete is no longer an easy task, but this is the main thing when building an all-concrete house. After all, the service life of good and bad material can vary significantly (by 3-4 times). There is a widely known case when the Moscow Voentorg concrete store, built of concrete in 1912, became unsafe after only 80 years, although it should have stood for at least 250.

These 4 problems are the main obstacles to the popularization of concrete houses in our country, and it is because of them that only people with high incomes can afford the construction of monoliths. Therefore, if the budget does not allow, it is better to build from brick, as it will last longer than a low-quality concrete house built by cheap workers.

A monolithic house is stronger than all other types of buildings. Previously, only industrial facilities and high-rise buildings were built using a monolithic method; today, private individuals also use this technology to build cottages and houses.

System for calculating the mass of a monolithic concrete slab.

A house built using monolithic technology allows you to realize the most incredible design ideas in life.

And increasingly, future homeowners are thinking about how to build a monolithic house with their own hands. This kind of construction is becoming more and more popular also because a house made with your own hands using this technology is surprisingly durable. It can withstand a small earthquake, does not require much labor or expensive materials, is durable and reliable in operation. A monolithic house can be finished with anything, and the walls can be erected immediately equipped with additional insulation. Technology that uses non-removable technology allows this.

Scheme of concrete floor reinforcement.

This technology, like any other, has its advantages and disadvantages. And the advantages are very significant:

The integral solidity of the structure greatly increases the mechanical strength of the structures. They are resistant to damage caused by ravines, earthquakes and ground shifts.
There are no so-called cold bridges, which are found in conventional buildings made of structures with seams. This makes the rooms warmer.
Monolithic construction can be carried out at any time and on any soil.
Quite fast construction.
Low financial costs.
Projects of monolithic buildings may have curvilinearity.
If perlite, sawdust, slag, expanded clay and similar substances are used in concrete solutions, then the structure will be light enough so as not to make a heavy foundation for it.
Additional insulation will not be needed during construction with a permanent structure. And at the same time, the total thickness of the wall will be less than usual;
Monolithic walls have exceptional sound insulation.
The interfloor ceiling can be made of any material.
This technology eliminates the appearance of cracks in the walls due to the uniform shrinkage of the building.

And about the disadvantages of monolithic construction - there are much fewer of them:

on the upper floors of the structures being built, it is impossible to do without a mortar pump or concrete pump;
monolithic floor slabs will require multiple labor costs, as special scaffolding is needed;
with permanent formwork, home improvement is required supply and exhaust ventilation, otherwise you cannot avoid humidity and its consequences;
mandatory plastering in order to avoid possible negative consequences from its combustion - the release of toxic substances;
mandatory grounding of the entire building, since it is reinforced concrete.

Construction technology

Monolithic concrete structure diagram strip foundation with reinforcement

As is already clear from the above, the monolithic construction technology can be produced with different formworks: removable and non-removable. Both types of construction have their own nuances and features both in the construction itself and during operation.

Removable is individual for each project. Its task is to accurately repeat all the features and curves of the future structure. Plywood, wood, iron or plastic are most often used.

The distance between the walls is the width of the future wall. And it is calculated taking into account the region of construction and the thermal conductivity of the concrete mixture used. The shields are fastened with nuts, studs, and washers. To facilitate removal after pouring, corrugated tubes are placed on the threaded rods to protect them from contact with the concrete mixture.

This technology allows you to pour not only ordinary concrete into the formwork yourself, but also mixtures with lower thermal conductivity: perlite concrete, expanded clay concrete, slag concrete, sawdust concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete and others. Such walls will be more vapor-permeable and warmer, but they can withstand less loads.

Very important point in monolithic construction – reinforcement. It uses steel or plastic reinforcing mesh, and for even greater strength, a reinforcement frame is made.

You can pour concrete no more than half a meter at a time. And it is allowed to continue pouring only after it has set. Concrete must be compacted using deep vibrators, while Special attention given to the corners. After the concrete has hardened, the removed formwork is placed higher, and work continues in this way until the entire structure up to the roof is poured.

Finishing and insulation of walls can be done with your own hands no earlier than 4-5 weeks, after maximum strength has been achieved. Insulation is done mineral wool, polystyrene foam, warm plaster or extruded polystyrene foam.

Sometimes insulation is made with your own hands using a well facade. In this case, an indentation is made from concrete wall and a wall is laid out of brick or tile, and the indentation is filled with ecowool, expanded clay or other insulating material.

Advantages of non-removable

Diagram of a partition made of foam blocks.

The shape may vary. There are longitudinal, corner, window-sill, over-window and others. At its core, the arrangement is reminiscent of assembling structures from a children's play set.

Permanent formwork is more popular because it also serves as an insulating layer, while overall labor costs are reduced and there is no need to spend money on wall insulation.

After the foundation is equipped with a waterproofing layer, polystyrene foam formwork is installed on it, fastened with special profiles having a tongue-and-groove fastening shape, which allows concrete to be poured without leakage and without sagging at the fastening points.

Scheme of reinforcement of floor slabs.

The width of polystyrene foam can be different. And if there are a large number of them, they can be manufactured at the factory to order. Standard width block - 150 mm, with polystyrene walls of 5-7.5 cm.

This fully meets the requirements, in which the heating will have to be turned on only when it is below +5 degrees outside.

To fill permanent formwork, you cannot use warm mixtures - only ordinary concrete. The thing is that the vapor permeability of warm mixtures is significantly higher than the vapor permeability of polystyrene foam; such proximity will lead to condensation and the house will become overgrown with fungi and mold.

After the construction of walls with permanent formwork, they do not need to be insulated; application of decorative plaster or siding.

Kinds

During the installation of the frame, boards are used. The foundation must be at least 20 cm wider than the future walls.

In application, there are several types: formwork for foundations, floors, ring walls with the ability to change the radius, tunnel formwork. Thus, any building structural element can be manufactured.

Build various elements in the same way is impossible. For example, foundation formwork is installed on horizontal supports and slopes; walls are made using construction locks, brackets and racks. And for floors, the formwork is laid on a structure made of supporting volumetric racks or telescopic racks.

A removable one can be built from steel, plastic and wood. If we build formwork from plywood, then it must be cut with a saw with fine teeth in order not to damage the lamination and veneer. Holes are drilled on both sides for the same reason. Plywood formwork should be stored in a dry place. In order to make removable formwork easy to remove, special fastenings are not only made for it, but also treated with a solution specially designed for this purpose.

Tools and technology

To build a house with your own hands using monolithic technology, you will need the following:

concrete mixer, mixer;
when preparing a concrete mixture manually, you will need dishes for mixing it, shovels, measuring utensils;
a stretcher for carrying concrete mixture or a wheelbarrow;
gas cutter, construction hair dryer;
mesh for reinforcement;
mesh scissors, pliers or other similar devices;
knife for cutting polystyrene foam;
hammer, nails;
tape measure, water level;
machine for giving the mesh a special shape;
metal and wooden supports;
reinforcing hook for tying wire;
perforator;
individual protection means.

The monolithic technology of building a house with your own hands allows you to completely dispense with additional building materials, except for those required for the production of mixtures for pouring into formwork.

Construction of monolithic walls: We’ll talk about this in this article on the website. Monolithic walls made of lightweight concrete, compared to brick, they are just as strong, but less thermally conductive and more economical. For this reason construction of monolithic walls Today it is gaining considerable popularity. Due to this circumstance, we created this article. In it we described in detail the entire technology construction of monolithic walls with your own hands.

There are two technologies for constructing concrete monolithic walls. Their difference lies in the use of different formwork structures. In the first option, removable (the structure is removed after the concrete has hardened) is used, and in the second, permanent (dismantling is not provided) formwork.

Construction of monolithic walls with removable formwork

The removable formwork used in the construction of monolithic walls is most often made of metal or wood and is prefabricated. Metal formwork has the appearance of assembled (like a construction set) panels. The wooden one is more popular; it is knocked together from boards and plywood directly onto construction site. This type of formwork can be reused.

During installation, the formwork is set to a height determined by the thickness of the concrete layer, which is planned to be poured at one time. This value can be veiled from 20 to 200 cm, and sometimes even more. The width of the formwork structure, and therefore the wall itself, is calculated based on the thermal conductivity of concrete and the region of construction.

The inner surface of the formwork (in contact with the concrete) should be as smooth as possible. For this purpose, plastic or laminated chipboard is used.

Construction (construction) of monolithic walls made of concrete (reinforced concrete) with your own hands:

Assembly and installation of formwork. From boards 30-50 mm thick and bars of “ribs” nailed to them outside shields are collected. Panels (connected panels) are placed opposite each other. The distance between them is set by temporary spacers (horizontal bars between the panels). If the width of the walls exceeds 500 mm, then to strengthen the structure, the “ribs” are connected by “contractions” - a horizontal beam. Opposite panels are connected with tension bolts or twisted wire. Finally, spacer slope racks are installed in increments of 1-1.5 m.
Reinforcement of monolithic walls. A reinforcing mesh (plastic or steel) is installed in the formwork, or, more importantly, a frame made of reinforcement.
Pouring walls with concrete. The concrete mixture is laid in layers (no more than 50 cm). Each subsequent layer is poured after the previous one has “set.” The poured mixture is compacted with a deep vibrator. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is moved to a higher level, after which concreting continues.

It will take 4-5 weeks for concrete to reach maximum strength. After this period, you can begin insulation and finishing.

A wall reinforced with reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm or more will be quite cold. The reason for this is the “cold bridges” created by the metal parts of the frame.

In the case when monolithic walls houses are built using instead of conventional concrete can be used mixtures with much lower thermal conductivity. These include: expanded clay concrete, slag concrete, perlite concrete, sawdust concrete, wood concrete, etc. Walls made of such materials will be warmer, but at the same time less resistant to increased loads.

Construction of monolithic walls with permanent formwork

The permanent formwork used in the construction of monolithic walls of a house consists of blocks or panels made of various materials. They are mounted in a formwork structure, which is reinforced and filled with concrete mixture. After the concrete has set this formwork cannot be removed, it becomes a functional part of the wall.

The most common type of permanent formwork is blocks (thermoblocks) made of foamed polystyrene with voids. These are plates (usually 50 mm thick) located at an average distance of 150 mm from each other and connected to each other by removable or non-removable jumpers.

Constructing monolithic concrete walls with your own hands:

Installation of formwork: elements of permanent formwork are laid out on the prepared foundation surface. The blocks are fastened to each other using connecting “locks”. They endow the design the right level tightness and eliminate the possibility of concrete leakage. The formwork is erected to a height of up to 50 cm. After pouring the concrete, the next “batch” of blocks is laid out. During this time, the concrete has time to dry. Thus, work is practically uninterrupted.
Reinforcement of permanent formwork: Horizontal reinforcement rods are placed in special grooves in the blocks. Next, vertical reinforcement is installed. The rods are connected with knitting wire.
Pouring formwork concrete: concrete mixture laid in a layer of 50 cm (to the height of the formwork: point 1) and compacted with an in-depth vibrator.
Decorating the walls of the house. As a result of construction work, walls are obtained in the form of a “sandwich”, where reinforced concrete is located between two plates of expanded polystyrene. This design needs protection from mechanical damage, as well as in fireproof coating. For this purpose, the walls of the house both with the facade and with inside get off non-flammable material(minimum 30 mm layer): plasterboard, plaster.

Formwork blocks are supplied standard sizes, so they have to be adjusted on site by cutting.

Only concrete should be used to pour permanent formwork. The use of warm mixtures is prohibited. The reason is that the vapor permeability of polystyrene foam is lower than that of warm mixtures - 0.05 Mg/(m*h*Pa) on 0.09 Mg/(m*h*Pa). Consequently, condensation will inevitably accumulate in warm concrete compressed between polystyrene foam. And this will inevitably lead to the formation of mold and mildew.

Types of concrete solutions for monolithic construction

Monolithic construction allows the use of solutions with different thermal conductivity and vapor permeability:

Concrete - a cottage with such walls needs insulation. The reason for this is the high thermal conductivity of the material 1.51 W/(m*C) with a vapor permeability of 0.03 Mg/(m*h*Pa);
Reinforced concrete is even colder than concrete, since the reinforced frame acts as a “cold bridge”;
Expanded clay concrete - with such walls the house will be quite warm. The thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete is 0.66 - 0.14 W/(m*C) with a vapor permeability of 0.09 - 0.3 Mg/(m*h*Pa). These indicators may vary depending on the density of the mixture (the larger the porosity of expanded clay concrete, the warmer the walls will be);
Slag concrete is concrete made from slag. The same expanded clay concrete only less durable;
Sawdust concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, sawdust(needles) and water. Such walls will be warm, durable, fire-resistant and environmentally friendly. But there is one thing, such material must be covered with a waterproofing layer;
Wood concrete (wood concrete) is a combination of wood chips and cement. Compared to sawdust concrete, the material is more durable and warm;
- cellular concrete, obtained by hardening a mixture of cement, sand, water and foaming agent. The material has a thermal conductivity of 0.29 - 0.08 W/(m*C), together with a vapor permeability of 0.11 - 0.26 Mg/(m*h*Pa).