The best self-fertile varieties for the Moscow region and the middle lane

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The worker of Tataria has a high resistance to various diseases, especially to coccomycosis. It tolerates winters perfectly, there are practically no frost holes on the branches. It tolerates drought moderately, additional watering is required. These conclusions were made during the state testing of the variety before entering it into the register.​

Cherry in the form of a shrub, up to 1.5 meters high, with a hemispherical crown. Plant this variety and get the first harvest in 3 years. The fruits are small, the weight does not exceed 3.6 g. The skin of cherries is red, and the flesh is creamy pink, quite juicy, sweet with a sour taste.

• Average yield, fruits weighing 4.1 g, dark red. The pulp of the same color, dense, juicy, sweet and sour taste. The purpose of the fruit is universal.
• The variety is included in the register for the Middle Volga region, but it also feels good in other areas of the European part of Russia, with the exception of the northern latitudes.
• Vladimirskaya cherry, for example, in the Moscow region is considered a traditional representative of the garden. It is frost-resistant and well resists many diseases. Vladimirskaya is designated as a mid-season variety, which means that its fruits ripen in mid-July. The berries of this tree are dark red in color and weigh about three and a half grams. The fruits have firm flesh with a sweet and sour taste. Due to the high content of sugars in Vladimirskaya cherries, very tasty jams and jams are obtained from it.

Early winter-hardy and late varieties of cherries

"Generous" - the name of this cherry variety speaks of its fertility. With proper care, you can collect more than eight kilograms from each tree. The fruits are tasty, slightly sour, while they have one advantage - they do not crack.

When caring for trees, remember: although the cherry is a drought-resistant tree, it must be watered in the absence of rain, especially during the period of fruit formation.

• But, despite the many advantages, even the best varieties of the columnar species have a number of disadvantages. Flower buds of undersized cherry rootstocks have low resistance to spring frosts, which often leads to a significant loss of part of the crop. In addition, the buds of bonsai trees bloom earlier than those of tall plants, which can lead to the threat of freezing.
• The most common cherry variety "Yellow Homestead" for the Moscow region. It is one of the early ripe varieties of the bigarro group. Berries of medium size weighing about 5-6 grams, their flesh, like the peel, is yellow, sweet, but with a slight sourness. Yellow Homestead loves black soil, so it takes root perfectly in conditions middle lane.​
• Ovstuzhenka - refers to partially self-fertile varieties, fruits with a good rating. It is good to plant next to the cherry Iput.
• The self-fertility of varieties lies in the ability of fruit trees to self-pollinate with their pollen. Self-fertile are those that form 20-40% of the fruits from the total number of flowers. Self-fertile varieties do not need cross-pollination with other varieties. Their advantage is that they are independent of the flight of pollinating insects.
• The tree is medium-sized, has a sprawling shape, therefore it is inconvenient for cultivation in industrial gardens. It enters fruiting late, 6 years after planting. Fruits are about the same size, medium, dark red, almost burgundy. The pulp is dense, sweet, with a noticeable sour taste.

The yield of the variety is average, ripens by the end of July. Resistance to coccomycosis is high, resistance to moniliosis is good.​

• The variety is characterized by high resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis, tolerates frosty winters well. It is in the state register for the Central Region.​
• Cherry is not inferior to Tamaris in terms of disease resistance: coccomycosis, moniliosis and other fungal diseases affect the culture only in especially rainy and cold summers. The fruits are large, weighing 5-5.2 g, juicy, dark red. Taste - sweet and sour.
• Another variety of cherry zoned specifically for the Moscow region has a late ripening period. She has large berries, the average weight of the fruit is four grams. The color of the berries is dark red, and the shape is oval-heart-shaped. The variety has excellent yields: mature trees (twenty years old) can produce up to twenty kilograms of berries.
• Another popular variety is Morozovka. This is a dessert variety that has gained recognition precisely because of the great sweetness of the fruit. They have not only excellent taste, but also excellent transportable characteristics. They ripen in mid-July. Frost tolerates winter cold well, but is completely unsuited to spring frosts.
• Cherry fruits - a common stone fruit crop - are valuable both for fresh consumption and for various types of processing. They contain not only sugar and organic acids, but also many vitamins, for example, C, P, riboflavin.

Another significant drawback of the columnar sweet cherry is its overproductiveness, since the fruits eventually lose their size significantly, which affects their market value. To prevent this phenomenon, the crowns of columnar trees need regular adjustments aimed at regulating the load of the crop.​

• Variety features:
• Mid-season varieties of cherries:

Yellow cherry that is not afraid of birds

But there are not so many self-fertile varieties of cherries today. Therefore, even with such trees, it is better to plant pollinating varieties near them, which in any case will contribute to increased yields.​

The main purpose is processing and conservation, but it can also be eaten fresh.

The variety is intended for cultivation in the Middle Volga region, but it also feels good in other areas of central Russia.

A low-growing tree with a rounded crown is suitable for growing in suburban areas and industrial gardens. It enters fruiting at the age of 4, the yield, according to the observations of breeders, is about 36 centners / ha. The pulp and fruits are dark red, juicy.

• The main purpose is to eat fresh. But the fruits of the Zhyvitsa variety are also suitable for preservation, the stone is easily separated, this facilitates the processing process.
• The yield of almost all stone fruits is subject to fluctuations and depends on a number of reasons. Studies of varietal plantations in the gardens of the Moscow region made it possible to find out the reasons for such differences and determine what is necessary for regular harvests.​
• In the warm regions of Russia, cherry varieties such as Lyubskaya and Apukhtinskaya are popular. They have a high yield - up to ten kilograms per tree. In addition, their seedlings bear fruit, unlike, for example, from Turgenevka, already from the second year after planting.​
• Cherry as a fruit plant has been known since ancient times. Its back in the fourth century BC. e. it was described by Theophrastus, a Greek naturalist and one of the very first botanists.

Low-growing trees - small, but distant

Cherry belongs to heat-loving fruit trees, but gradually specially bred cold-resistant varieties are being developed in areas north of the middle lane, in the Urals, southern Siberia.

Self-pollinating tree, has high yields; Rechitsa - belongs to the varieties of the bigarro group, frost-resistant, not large-fruited, with very sweet dark red berries. Disease resistant. Of the pollinators, it is better to choose Pink Pearl, Adeline and Ovstuzhenka. The best varieties of self-fertile cherries for the Moscow region today are recognized:

1. Of the advantages of the Brunette variety, gardeners note high resistance to coccomycosis. In addition, ripened fruits hold firmly on the stalks and do not crumble.
2. A medium-sized culture with a pyramidal crown was included in the register in 2009. During this time, the variety has earned the recognition and love of gardeners for its low degree of damage to various diseases, frost resistance, unpretentious care.

The mass of Radonezh cherry fruits is 4 g. The ripening period is average, the first harvest is already at the end of June.

The variety is in the register for the Central region. However, according to gardeners, it is also suitable for more southern regions of Russia. Winter hardiness of Zhyvitsy is high, buds and branches are practically not affected by frost.

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Cherries are self-fertile. Varieties for any regions

Many varieties of cherries are not zoned to the outskirts of the capital, the climatic conditions of which have a bad effect on their growth. This culture comes from the southern regions, therefore, in the northern, unusual conditions for it, only adapted varieties can be grown. Successful cultivation of cherries in the Moscow region depends to a greater extent on the choice of planting site and fertilizing the soil.​

Another variety of cherry is popular among Ukrainian gardeners, which has a high yield and winter hardiness. This is a fairly unpretentious culture with a spherical, medium thickened crown. Shpanka is a cherry that grows in almost any area, it is not demanding on the soil and is resistant to such a common disease in gardens as coccomycosis. This species, popular in Ukraine and other former Soviet republics, was bred as a result of crossing cherries with sweet cherries. It is practically unsuitable for harvesting, it is not very transportable, but it differs in the size of the fruit. Wide-round sweet and sour berries of the skewer reaches a weight of up to five grams.


Today, cherry is considered one of the most common garden trees, ranking second after the apple tree. Her homeland is the Crimea and the Caucasus. It is unpretentious and grows on any, including rocky soil. However, it still bears fruit better in moist areas.

Numerous varieties of this plant can be divided into three types, depending on the type of pollination of flowers: cherry self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-fertile. In the northern regions, where there are few plantings of this fruit tree, and during the flowering period the weather is unfavorable for pollination, self-pollinating cherries are grown. Popular self-fertile varieties of cherries: Garland, Brunette, Cinderella, Youth, Chocolate. These plants are bred specifically for small farms, household plots with small areas.​

Fruiting begins quite late - in the 6th year, while ordinary trees begin to bear fruit in the fourth year;

Leningrad black from the Gini group. Sweet medium-sized berries, with pulp inseparable from the pits. A tree of medium height, not resistant to frost, not capable of self-pollination. Pollinators: Iput, Revna, Bryanochka, Tyutchevka and Veda.​

Folk Syubarova - is considered the best option throughout Russia. True, one should not expect a huge harvest, 50 kilograms from one tree is the limit, it is no longer possible to harvest even in the most successful year. The berries of this sweet cherry are medium in size. The tree itself is tall, with a powerful trunk and branches that can withstand the load from snow or wind. The plant has a high self-pollination, the fruits ripen up to 90%. Seedlings take root perfectly and are able to grow even on sandy and loamy soils.

The Bystrinka cherry closes the TOP 15 best varieties for central Russia. The bush grows quickly, reaches medium height, the crown is spherical, raised. Fruiting begins 4 years after planting the seedling in the ground. Bystrinka fruits are round, medium-sized, red.

The fruits, although small (no more than 3.2 g in weight), have dense and juicy pulp, excellent taste. The photo shows that the shape of the fruit is oval, and the skin at the time of ripening is dark red. At the same time, the yield is high, the fruits are suitable for processing and fresh consumption.

The variety is universal, resistant to diseases, tolerates frosty winters and spring frosts. Recommended for cultivation in the Central region.​

This crop was included in the register of breeding achievements 30 years ago, but in many respects it is not inferior to modern varieties. The tree differs from other varieties in high productivity, with a fruit weight of 4.5 g. The color of cherries is almost black, the flesh is dark red, dense, but juicy.

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Cherry varieties. Popular varieties of cherries - names, photos. Cherry varieties for the Moscow region

Cherries planted on sandy and loamy soil well "filled" with organic fertilizers and provided with constant care and fertilizers will delight with good harvests.

Description of culture

Varieties for Siberia, bred by breeders for last years, early and fruitful. But their main advantage is high winter hardiness. There are four types of cherries that grow in harsh Siberian conditions: sandy, steppe, felt, and some varieties of ordinary.

Many experienced gardeners know that it is impossible to plant the first tree that comes across on your site. After all, it is not known how a particular species will feel in this region. Therefore, only by choosing the right varieties of cherries for their garden, land owners get the opportunity to harvest a good harvest all summer and pamper their loved ones with delicious fruits rich in natural vitamins.​

Cherry self-fertile variety Brunette has juicy, tender, dark red fruits, sweet and sour in taste, of medium size. The trees are low, not always reaching 2.5 meters, which is convenient when harvesting.​

​frost-resistant variety, resistant to fungal diseases, not afraid of cherry flies;

Criteria

Leningrad pink - also belongs to the gini group. Small berries with tender, yellowish skin with ruddy flanks, sweet and yellow flesh. The plant is quite tall, has a lush crown, does not self-pollinate. It is recommended to plant next to the following varieties: Adelina, Chernyshevsky, Pink Pearl and Rechitsa.​

Ovstuzhenka is a frost-resistant sweet cherry that can withstand up to -45 degrees. It is conditionally self-fertile, since pollination takes place within one tree, the resulting ovaries make up no more than 90%. Medium large berries, 4 to 7 grams. The harvest is 30-50 kg per tree. The tree is low, which allows it to be grown on an industrial scale.

The variety is characterized by high resistance to frost and disease. Cherry is partially self-fertile, to improve the formation of ovaries, the neighborhood of pollinators is necessary. Recommended for cultivation in the central part of Russia, suitable for the Moscow region.​

Classification by maturity

The recommended region for growing is the Middle Volga. Keep in mind that Pamyat Sakharov is partially self-fertile, it is desirable to have other varieties nearby for pollination and the formation of ovaries.

The most popular varieties

A medium-sized tree with a short trunk and a rounded crown will delight you with fruits weighing 4 g. The skin of the cherry is light red, the flesh is creamy, the juice is pink with a sweet and sour taste. The stone is well separated from the pulp, the taste of the fruit is not lost during canning.

The variety is self-fertile, medium ripening, universal. Resistant to fungal diseases. The disadvantage is the average winter hardiness of wood. The kidneys, on the contrary, tolerate frosts easily, they are not afraid of spring frosts.

In addition, the yield of this plant in the Moscow region also depends on the condition of the flower buds, which are often damaged by frost, as well as the conditions under which pollination is carried out. Affected ovaries in cherries become noticeable from the end of March - the beginning of April: if they are cut lengthwise with a razor, then blackening can be seen in the center.

Over the past twenty years, many varieties have been created - these are Maksimovskaya, Mayak, Metelitsa, Zmeinogorskaya, Ob, Novoaltayskaya and others. The zoned varieties include the Altai swallow, which, according to experienced gardeners, should be present in every site. It is one of the best pollinators for many varieties from the Siberian range.​

At the same time, beginner growers often have doubts about which seedlings to choose. Indeed, this issue is quite relevant today, because only varieties of common sour cherries number over one hundred and thirty varieties. And that's not counting the many decorative species, which a person grows solely because of their beautiful flowering(weeping cherry, sakura, etc.). But there are also felt, sandy and steppe cherries.

Shpanka

Early ripening varieties, which are especially appreciated in the northern regions, include the self-fertile cherry variety Garland. In addition, her fruits are large, bright, dense, but juicy. The taste is sweet and sour. They tolerate transportation and storage well.

frost-resistant cherry

Requires frequent pruning and removal of shoots, as the tree multiplies rapidly and has a very lush crown.

Tyutchevka is a medium-sized tree, very resistant to cold and disease. The berries are bright red, medium in size, well suited for freezing and transportation. The plant is partially self-pollinated. Recommended pollinators: Iput, Raditsa and Ovstuzhenka.​

Revna is a small plant with a pyramidal crown. Self-fertile, very prolific, not large-fruited, its berries are not large, but very sweet and fragrant. Cold-resistant, withstands frost down to -6 degrees during the flowering period. It has high transportability, it is stored for a long time, at the stage of maturity it is dense, not watery.

Varieties for the Moscow region

You have got acquainted with the fifteen best varieties of cherries according to our website. It remains to be recalled that the concept of the best variety for each gardener is different. Someone prefers high yields to the detriment of disease resistance, for other garden owners, taste is a priority.​

A compact spherical crown and a medium-sized tree - this is how Bulatnikovskaya cherry can be described. This is an early ripe variety of medium ripening, fruiting begins 4 years after planting the seedling. Fruits are approximately the same size, weighing about 3.7 g.

When ripe, the fruits practically do not crumble, which makes it convenient to grow cherries in summer cottages.

​good harvest This plant is due to conditions, most of which can be created artificially for it: choose the right planting site, provide fertile and well-drained soil, and regularly fertilize. Therefore, choosing the most resistant varieties for the Moscow region, even under unfavorable climatic conditions for growth, you can get very good fees.

A resistant variety, popular in Siberia, is the common Ashinsky cherry. This is a self-fertile species, that is, grown without pollinators, however, in very severe winters, its fruit buds can freeze slightly. Therefore, the yield of Ashinsky over the years is not always stable.

Variety Zhukovskaya

Whether it will be possible to grow an abundantly fruiting tree with juicy and tasty fruits in your garden or whether efforts will be in vain depends mainly on which varieties of this crop are chosen. The criteria for selection, depending on the region, are the following factors: winter hardiness, early maturity, resistance to drought or diseases, flowering and ripening time, need for light, etc.

Growing cherry trees in the suburbs

Cherry self-fertile variety Cinderella ripens in mid-summer; its fruits are light red, oval, medium-sized, sweet-sour. The valuable qualities of this variety include frost resistance, high yield (up to 15 kg per tree).

​To achieve high yields on a small planting area, columnar fruit trees, since there is less care and consumption of related materials, and mechanized harvesting is also applicable to them. Among the thousands of cultivars known in the world, tall ones predominate.​

Large-fruited - a tall, fast-growing tree with a wide crown of medium density. Large-fruited cherries have dark red berries, the mass of which is 10-12 grams, it is considered dessert variety. Surprise and Oratovsky will become the best pollinators.

Almost all known varieties of sweet cherries are mostly self-fertile, and only a few species are self-fertile, and only partially, since they also require pollinating varieties for a full-fledged harvest. Therefore, when choosing a variety for planting in your garden, you need to immediately buy a pollinator plant for it, which will have the same flowering period. Cherry is divided into 3 groups according to flowering time.

Remember that the variety itself is not a guarantee of the result you want. Read literature on gardening, communicate with like-minded people, follow the news, and you will be rewarded with good harvests.​

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The best varieties of cherries for central Russia

Gardeners and breeders note the high resistance of the tree to fungal pathogens, especially to coccomycosis. The disadvantage of the variety is the uneven ripening of cherries. The tree can have both ripe and unripe fruits. This should be taken into account by amateur gardeners.

The variety is self-fertile, early, disease and frost resistant. In the register for the Central region. Suitable for growing in the Moscow region.​

The purpose of this cherry is processing, conservation, fresh consumption. The tree is very tall, the crown is spreading.

Tamaris - first place

Please note that the ripening data is relevant only for central Russia. In other regions, they will differ.​

Even the most popular of all existing varieties not suitable for all regions of Russia. Therefore, it is desirable to select zoned cherry varieties for the Moscow region, which were obtained taking into account the characteristics of specific areas. Only in this case, when growing a crop, gardeners will not have problems, and they will easily achieve excellent fruiting.

In the conditions of the Russian climate, the best varieties of cherries are those that endure the cold and are self-fertile. This criterion is explained by the fact that even with unfavorable weather conditions when bees do not fly, normal pollination of flowers should still occur.

Zhyvitsa - second place

Cherry self-fertile varieties Chocolate also ripens in July, the trees are stunted, but with a dense crown. The fruits are medium in size, weighing 3.5 g, very dark, dense, giving sweet and sour dark red juice. The pit of the cherry is easily separated, which facilitates the processing of the crop. Begins to bear fruit in the 4th year high yields, tolerates frost well, is not afraid of drought.

And only a few of them, such as the Fatezh yellow cherry, have a relatively moderate growth.

Late maturing varieties:

Cherry Rossoshanskaya black - third place

Winter-hardy early varieties of cherries:

The average yield of Bulatnikovskaya cherries is about 50 c/ha, in some years it may be less. The indicator depends on climatic conditions and compliance with agricultural technology.​

Novella - fourth place

In the middle of our list is the old and well-known variety of Vavilov's Memory to many gardeners. It was included in the state register in 1985, but in 2016 it is also popular with the population.​

The variety is of interest to homeowners. In industrial gardening, Novella did not take root because of its size.​

As for the height of the tree, there are no uniform standards. Cherry can be in the form of a tree or a bush. Therefore, we have provided averaged data.​

Cherry varieties for the middle lane, their characteristics and features differ from those that are zoned, for example, for Siberia. The latter should not only withstand the cold as much as possible, but also give early harvest.

Igritskaya - fifth place

If cherry varieties initially have high resistance to the most common diseases in the region, then their care is greatly facilitated, and fruit losses are minimized. As for productivity, each adult tree should produce at least seven kilograms of berries per season.

​If you decide the question: where to buy trees, the answer is unequivocal - in well-established nurseries and botanical gardens. Only there you will be offered varieties that are guaranteed to be suitable for growing in your area. Cherry comes into fruition after 4 years, which means that an unsuccessfully chosen seedling will nullify your four years of work.

To breed low-growing varieties of sweet cherries, modern breeders have used several methods to suppress the dominant gene of high-producing

Radonezh - sixth place

Michurinka is not a tall tree, resistant to drought and disease. The berries are dark red, strong, fleshy and sweet. Long stored and well transported. The variety is self-infertile. Pollinators required: Late Michurin and Pink Pearls.​

Iput - resistant to frost, has good fruits. Pollinators can be Revna and Raditsa.

Shpanka Bryansk - seventh place

A medium-sized tree with a crown of medium density and straight, brown shoots. Ripening time is average. The fruits of Volochaevka are dark red, small, weighing 2.7 g. The purpose of the variety is universal, resistance to diseases and pests is good.

A tall tree with a pyramidal crown is unpretentious in care, slightly affected by fungal diseases, the fruits ripen in early July. Cherries are dark red in color with a characteristic sourness and weigh no more than 3.8 g.

Amateur gardeners appreciate Novella for large and juicy fruits, disease resistance, good resistance to low temperatures.

In memory of Vavilov - eighth place

Meet: 15 best cherry varieties for central Russia.

In addition to frost resistance, cherry varieties for the Moscow region should also have good resistance to coccomycosis, since this stone disease is quite common in the central region. Given these characteristics, the most suitable view for the capital and nearby regions is Lyubskaya.​

Breeders have bred many varieties of this plant. They differ not only in taste, but also in the color of the fruit and the timing of fruiting. It is on the choice of variety that the ripening period of the fruit largely depends. According to this criterion, cherries are classified into early, as well as middle and late varieties. The ripening period of early ripening varieties falls on the beginning of July. The mid-season variety produces a crop in the middle of the same month, and the late one - in early August.

You can also control the choice of seedlings yourself. Annuals usually have a root length of 20-30 cm, a trunk diameter of up to 12 mm and a length of up to 120 cm. It is very important that it is not damaged and dried root system.​

Abundant - ninth place

​layers. We will tell you about two of them.​

Bryansk pink - belongs to the bigarro group. The berries are medium-sized, about 5 grams, with sweet pink pulp, not separated from the stone. Varieties suitable for pollination: Iput, Revna, Ovstuzhenka and Tyutchevka.

Home garden yellow - self-fertile variety, frost-resistant, vigorous, slow-growing, quite productive. The berries are medium, sweet and sour.

The memory of Sakharov - tenth place

The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance; it can be cultivated both in the forest-steppe zone and in arid steppes. Yield is average.​

Bulatnikovskaya - eleventh place

The variety receives the leading position due to its high resistance to fungal diseases, in particular, to coccomycosis. At the same time, Tamaris can be considered a unique culture. This low tree, which is dwarf, has a high yield, with a fruit weight of up to 4.8 g.

Many gardeners note other varieties for the Moscow region that have high or medium resistance to coccomycosis. This is the same Turgenevka, Almaz, Meeting, Toy, Coral and others. Special immunity to this dangerous disease the hybrid of cherry and bird cherry is also different - cerapadus Renaissance.

Volochaevka - twelfth place

Based on winter hardiness, the following varieties of cherries for the Moscow region and central Russia can be named: Chernokorka and Molodezhnaya, Bolotovskaya and Bagrynaya, Lyubskaya and Shubinka, Volochaevka and Malinovka, Polevka, etc. Of the self-fertile, the best are Generous, Rusinka, Brunette, Flaming, and also Chocolate.​

The next step is to plant the trees correctly, correctly form the crown. During planting, mineral and organic fertilizers. Re-feeding is carried out after 2 years, and it is especially important during the fruiting period.

​Cultivation of donors of dwarfism. Cultivated large-fruited cherries are usually grown on antipka seedlings, which are vigorous rootstocks. To reduce the height of the tree, low-growing rootstocks are used. Clonal cherry rootstocks known today have a wide range of possible crown reduction, which is 20-90%. The effectiveness of the use of low-growing rootstocks has been noted by global breeders, industrial horticulturalists and private farms. Thanks to recent research, the prospects for using dwarf cherry rootstocks have been confirmed, which influenced the further development of breeding work in this direction.​

Worker of Tataria - thirteenth place

Red cherries, especially early varieties, are very fond of pecking birds. If the garden is located near the forest, rowan thrushes flying from it are capable of destroying the entire crop of berries in a matter of hours. Therefore, red-fruited varieties of the Moscow region during their fruiting period are best covered with a net.

Gronkavaya is a strong, frost-resistant variety. The fruits received a high dessert rating. Suitable pollinators: Cheremashnaya, Raditsa, Iput, Fatezh and Ovstuzhenka.​

Brunette - fourteenth place

Cherries are self-fertile. For fruit set, plant nearby cherries of other pollinating varieties. The most suitable regions for cultivation are Belgorod, Lipetsk, Tambov and Volgograd regions.​

Bystrinka - fifteenth place

Cherry comes into fruition at the 5th year of growth, ripens by the end of July - the beginning of August. The tree is medium-sized, with a short trunk and a wide, spreading crown.

Cherry is universal, intended for processing or fresh consumption. The fruits are juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness. The stone is separated from the pulp easily.

In the gardens south of the capital, there are also such species as Griot Moscow, Malinovka, Rastorguevskaya, Rusinka, Saniya and the widespread Apukhtinskaya.

The record of popularity belongs to such a subspecies as Turgenevka, which gives a harvest from the first days of July. The tree reaches a height of three meters, but begins to bear fruit only in the fifth year. The berries of this variety of cherries for the Moscow region are large and juicy, the stone is easily separated. Turgenevka is great for those gardeners who pamper their loved ones with compotes, jams and other preparations. It grows quietly both in central Russia and in climates with cold winter where frosts reach thirty-five degrees.

At the first pruning, you need to remove the shoots extending under acute angle, choose branches for the skeleton and cut them to 50-60 cm, intermediate branches - up to 25 cm. You do not need to cut those that extend at a right angle. The conductor remains 20 cm above the side branches. Pruning is done every spring, while removing damaged, superfluous branches that shade the crown. Exposure of test samples to radiation. This method is based on causing a mutation in plants that suppresses the dominant traits of their tallness. As a result of the work of Canadian specialists, undersized varieties cherries - dwarf Compact Lambert and Compact Stella. The resulting columnar forms have earlier full-fledged fruiting than large-fruited tall cherries. Yellow cherries are not afraid of this scourge - birds do not touch its berries, and the crop remains intact. In addition, red fruits do not tolerate heavy summer rains and often crack. Yellow cherry, unlike the red-sided one, does not have such a drawback. Krasnaya Gorka - less resistant to diseases, the berries were highly appreciated. Pollinators like Iputi.​out of 5)Loading...​

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The best tomatoes for the middle lane Early varieties of carrots for the middle lane

Cherries are one of the most popular horticultural crops for growing on personal plot. The yield and taste of berries largely depends on the choice of variety for a particular region. Today, dozens of different varieties of this culture have been bred, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In the article we will consider the best varieties of cherries for central Russia, describe the features and photos of the berries.

When choosing a cherry variety for central Russia, many factors must be considered:

1. You should pay attention to winter hardiness. Sweet cherry is a heat-loving plant that can die during frosts. The higher the resistance of the variety to frost, the better.
2. It is advisable to purchase low-growing varieties - they have a more productive yield in an unfavorable climate, since most of the nutrients are spent on the formation of berries, and not the crown.
3. It is recommended to choose varieties with late deadline flowering - in mid-latitude conditions, a protracted spring and a late onset of stable high temperatures are noted.
4. Self-fertile varieties that do not need cross-pollination with other members of the species are best suited.

The best varieties

Breeders have bred several dozen varieties and hybrids of sweet cherries with different characteristics, yields and adaptive abilities. Consider descriptions of varieties for cultivation in the mid-latitudes of Russia.

and the way

A fast-growing cherry variety bred by domestic breeders at the Lupine Research Institute. Used for cultivation since 1993. The tree is medium-sized, reaches 4-5 meters in height.

The crown is dense, has a pyramidal shape, the leaves are elongated, elliptical with pronounced serration. The petioles are thick and short, on which there are 3-4 large flowers with white petals.

Flowering begins in May, the first harvest can be removed by mid-June. The fruits are large in size, blunt heart-shaped, have a mass of up to 6.3 g. The skin is glossy, painted in dark red. The pulp is juicy and tender, has a sweet dessert taste. By application, the variety is universal. Average productivity is 25-30 kg/tree.

The variety is winter-hardy, has resistance to fungal diseases. Self-infertile type of pollination.

Revna

A mid-late variety bred at the Lupine Research Institute by crossing seedlings of Bryanka pink cherry with other species. Recommended for cultivation in the Central region.

Trees of medium size, pyramidal crown. Begins bearing at 5 years of age. In spring, many ovate leaves with serrated edges form on the shoots. The petiole has embossed veins and is colored brown-pink. Flowering begins in mid-May, fruit ripening - in early June. The variety is partially self-fertile, the share of self-pollination does not exceed 5%.

The fruits are of medium size, have a flat-round shape and an average weight of 4.7 g. The skin is very dense, dark red in color. The pulp is red in color, has a dense texture and a dessert taste, a medium-sized stone. The variety has high rates of transportability.

Winter hardiness is above average, there is resistance to temperature extremes and sunburn. There is a high resistance to fungal diseases.

Fatezh

Medium early variety, bred at the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute by free pollination of the sweet cherry Leningrad yellow. Included in the register in 2001, suitable for cultivation in the Central region.

The trees are medium-sized with a height of up to 5 m. The crown is spherical, spreading and medium density. The leaves are lanceolate in shape, have finely serrated serrations. The flowers are white in color, the ovaries of fruits are formed both on bouquet branches and annual shoots.

Flowering begins from the end of May, fruits are formed from the second decade of June. The berries are rounded, weighing up to 4.4 grams. The pulp is light yellow in color, with a juicy and dense structure. The stone is light, medium in size, well separated during processing. Dessert-type taste, sweet and sour aroma. The variety has a high yield - up to 30 kg / tree.

Winter hardiness is above average, there is no susceptibility to diseases. There is immunity to fungal diseases. The variety is self-fertile. The main disadvantage is the tendency to comedy.

Tyutchevka

A late-maturing variety, bred in 2001 at the Lupine Research Institute by crossing Red dense cherries.

The tree has a medium height and a fast growth rate. The crown is rare, spherical in shape, depending on the place of cultivation, it can be sprawling or semi-spreading. The leaves are large in size with a strongly pointed apex.

Fruiting occurs on bouquet branches. Flowering begins by mid-summer, fruiting - by the end of July or the beginning of August.

Large fruits have a spherical shape and an average weight of 5.3 grams. The skin is dark red in color, small specks are acceptable. The flesh is red, with a dense and cartilaginous structure. The taste of the berries is sweet with a high tasting score. The maximum productivity comes after 4-5 years of growth, the yield is up to 40 kg/tree.

It has high level winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases. The variety is sterile, the quality of self-pollination does not exceed 6%. Main disadvantage- fruit cracking in humid climates.

Bryansk pink

A late-ripening variety bred at the Lupine Research Institute in 1987. Obtained on the basis of crossing seedlings of sweet cherry varieties Muskatnaya black (Negritenok).

Sweet cherry is represented by a medium-sized tree with a raised crown of a pyramidal shape. The leaves are large, have a pointed top and doubly serrate serration. Fruits are formed on bouquet twigs and annual shoots.

Flowering begins in mid-May, fruit ripening - from the second decade of July to early August. Fruits of average size, rounded shape. Average weight - 4.0 gr. The skin is dense, pink-yellow in color. The pulp is of a dense cartilaginous consistency, with worthy taste characteristics. The variety has a universal application, the fruits tolerate transportation well. Productivity - up to 30 kg / tree.

The stem and base of the tree has a high winter hardiness. There is a high immunity to fungal diseases of stone fruit crops. The variety is self-infertile, resistant to cracking.

Crimean

The variety was bred by domestic breeders in the Tula region, little is known about the history of occurrence. In mid-latitudes, it is used relatively rarely due to the presence of more productive varieties of culture.

The tree reaches 3.5 m in height, has a medium size and spherical shape. The berries ripen early, starting in mid-June. The fruits are small up to 2 g, have a dark red color. The pulp is juicy and tart; due to its specific taste, it is often used for making wine and compotes. Productivity - up to 7.5 kg / tree.

Crimean sweet cherry has winter hardiness, more often it is used not for harvesting, but as a pollinator for other productive varieties.

Oryol pink

The variety was bred in 1999 by domestic breeders by free pollination of Narodnaya cherries. Recommended for growing in mid-latitudes.

The tree has an average growth force, the height reaches 3.5 m. The crown is pyramidal, slightly raised. Flowering begins in the second decade of May, fruits ripen by mid-July. Fruiting occurs on fruit twigs and last year's shoots.

The berries are rounded, weighing up to 4 g. The skin is dense, pink in color. Inside is a pinkish pulp with medium density. The stone is large, up to 4.5% of the weight of the fetus, it separates well. Dessert variety, received average tasting ratings.

The variety is self-fertile, has a high winter hardiness. Resistance to fungal diseases of stone fruits is relatively low. Productivity per tree - up to 42 kg.

Folk Syubarova

The variety was bred in Belarus by the famous breeder E. P. Syubarova. It is considered one of the best for growing in the middle latitudes and central regions of Russia.

The tree is powerful and tall, which increases the resistance to wind and snow load, the branches are well developed. Seedlings take root in any soil, even in infertile loam and sandy loam soil. The variety is completely self-fertile, does not need other pollinators. It enters fruiting at the age of 3, the berries are formed by the second decade of July.

The fruits are medium in size, weighing up to 6 g. The peel has a dark red saturated color, pronounced shine. The flesh is red, juicy and tender. Received high tasting marks. The stone is small, well separated from the pulp.

The grade is winter-hardy, maintains strong frosts. Resistant to most typical diseases, fruit cracking is not observed in hot seasons. Productivity - up to 50 kg / tree.

Ovstudenka

The variety was bred in 2001 at the Research Institute of Lupine with the help of hybridization of sweet cherries of the varieties Leningradskaya black and Kompaktnaya Venyaminova. Suitable for cultivation in the southern and central regions, high yields were found in the black earth regions.

Wood small size, but has a rapid growth. The crown is raised, spherical in shape. The leaf blade is ovate with a doubly serrate serration. The ovaries are formed only on the bouquet branches.

Large fruits can reach a weight of up to 6 g, the shape is oval or round. The skin is dense and shiny, has a dark red tint. The bone is small, easily separated. The flesh is rich red in color, has a sweet taste and a high tasting score. It withstands transportation well, the variety has a universal purpose. The maximum yield is 30 kg/tree.

High rates of winter hardiness are observed, immunity to fungal diseases of stone fruit crops is developed. Low self-pollination, it is necessary to have other varieties nearby.

Gronkovaya

The variety was obtained by free pollination by Belarusian breeders in 1999. Widespread in the North Caucasian region and the Astrakhan region.

Sweet cherry is represented by a medium-sized tree with a broad pyramidal crown shape. During planting, it is recommended to increase the space between the trees to avoid darkening. Fruiting occurs from 3-4 years, harvesting is possible from the end of June.

The berries are evenly heart-shaped, the average fruit weight is 4-5 g. The skin is dark red in color with a pronounced wax coating. The pulp is rich red in color, medium density. The stalk and stone are easily separated. The taste of the fruit is sweet, has an average tasting score. Sweet cherry of universal application.

The variety is characterized by increased resistance to frost and disease. The tree is self-sterile and requires planting of pollinators. Productivity is high - up to 20 kg / tree.

Homestead yellow

Variety early term maturation, bred at the Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding. I. V. Michurin in 1998 by crossing sweet cherries Leningradskaya Krasnaya and Zolotaya Loshinsky. Recommended for cultivation in the Central region.

The tree is fast growing with a spherical crown of medium density. The leaf is large, has an oval-conical shape and a concave plate. It starts fruiting at 6 years of age.

The fruits have an oval shape and a wide funnel, the average weight is 5.5 g. The skin is yellow without cover points. The pulp is juicy, gives almost colorless juice. The berries received high tasting ratings and are used for table purposes.

The variety is self-fertile, has high frost resistance. The fruits do not crack in a humid climate, have an attractive appearance and good transportability.

Red hill

It was bred at the Research Institute of Lupine under the guidance of the famous breeder M.V. Kanshina. Successfully passed field trials for cultivation in the Central region.

The tree is stunted, reaches a height of up to 3 meters, the most active growth is observed in the first year of life. The crown is thick ovoid. The leaves are oval in shape, have a pointed end. The formation of fruits occurs on the fruit and growth shoots. Flowering occurs from the beginning of May, fruiting - from the second decade of June.

The berries have a traditional heart-shaped shape, the average weight is 5-6 g. The color of the skin is golden with a pronounced red blush. The pulp is devoid of pigment, the stone is well separated during processing. Application - table, the fruits received high tasting ratings.

The variety is self-fertile. It has high immunity and winter hardiness. Productivity is high - up to 45 kg / tree. The main disadvantage is poor transportability and short shelf life.

Rechitsa

The variety was obtained by marker traits when growing sweet cherry Bryansk pink. The development was carried out at the Lupine Research Institute. Included in the official register in 2001.

The tree is fast growing. The crown is pyramidal in shape, medium density. The leaf plate is green in color, has the shape of an ellipse. Fruiting is observed only on bouquet twigs, it starts fruiting from the age of 5. Middle period maturation and flowering.

The berries are round in shape, can reach a weight of up to 4.9 g. The color of the skin is almost dark red, almost black. The pulp is dense, inside which there is an oval bone. To taste, the berries are juicy and sweet, universal use. Productivity up to 23 kg/tree.

Winter hardiness is high, there is resistance to characteristic fungal and infectious diseases stone fruit crops. The variety is self-fertile, requires the presence of pollinators.

Leningradskaya

An early maturing variety bred at the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of VIR. It is one of the first varieties of sweet cherry with high winter hardiness.

Trees reach medium size, height - up to 4 meters. The crown is medium, wide-pyramidal. Active fruiting begins at 3-4 years of age. In the middle latitudes of Russia, maturation is observed from the second decade of July.

The berries are rounded, weighing up to 3.5 g. The skin has an almost black color and a pronounced gloss. The pulp is fibrous, tender and juicy in taste. Tasting scores are average, often used for making drinks.

The variety is extremely frost-resistant. Fruit shedding is extremely rare, combined with a high yield (up to 40 kg / tree) is one of the best varieties for the Central regions of Russia.

large-fruited

It was bred in the 80s of the last century by Ukrainian breeders by pollinating a number of sweet cherry varieties. The fruits have repeatedly received awards at various exhibitions.

The tree demonstrates rapid growth at a height of 4-5 m. The crown is spherical with an average volume of foliage. The leaf plate is strongly elongated, has a pointed top. Fruits are formed on bouquet twigs and last year's shoots. Begins bearing at 4 years of age. Late maturity.

The berries are very large, can reach a weight of up to 13 g. They have a rounded shape and a dark red color of the skin. The pulp is dense, has an average cartilage. The taste is sweet and sour, average tasting scores were obtained. The stone is large, but easily separated from the fetus. The type of application is universal.

This variety is often used for fresh sale, as it has a long shelf life. During wet seasons, cracking of the crop is possible. Sweet cherry has a weak resistance to bacterial diseases, frost resistance indicators are high.

Michurinka

A hybrid variety obtained by employees of the Research Institute. Michurin by crossing Leningrad yellow cherries.

The tree is of medium height. The crown is oval, rarely rounded. The leaf is in the form of an ellipse, there are no stipules, a strongly pointed tip is often formed. It enters fruiting after 5 years, late ripening of berries.

Fruits have an average weight of up to 4.7 g, heart-shaped. The color of the skin and pulp is dark red, the stalk is medium in size. The pulp is quite dense, inside of which there is a large bone. The berries are sweet in taste, retain their presentation for a long time.

There is a relatively high resistance to fungal diseases and frost. Type of application - universal, often used for fresh consumption.

Italian

A variety of early ripening, bred by specialists from the Research Institute. Michurin by crossing Bigarro cherries and Slava Zhukov. Passed field tests in 1995.

The tree is of medium vigor. The crown is pyramidal, the flowers are large and white. It starts fruiting 4-5 years after planting.

The berries are large, the average weight is 6 g. The fruits are dark red in color, the skin has a wax coating. The pulp has a pleasant taste and a dense texture. Received fairly high tasting scores. Sweet cherry is easily separated from the stalk, does not crumble during the harvest period.

The variety is known for high productivity, there is resistance to a number of fungal diseases. Frost resistance is average, used for fresh consumption and for the preparation of juices and preparations.

Lena

A hybrid variety of late ripening, obtained from Bryansk pink cherry. The development was carried out at the Lupine Research Institute. All tests passed in 2006.

The tree demonstrates average growth rates, height up to 4 m. The root is oval in shape, has an average density. The variety is self-fertile, fruiting occurs 4 years after planting on bouquet branches.

The berries are heart-shaped, the average weight is 6 g. The color of the skin is black-red, with a slight wax coating. The pulp has a sweet and sour taste, high tasting scores. Recommended for fresh consumption, but the type of application is universal.

Productivity is maintained only for 7 years, then it is necessary to graft or transplant. There is resistance to fungal diseases and frosts.

Sadko

An early ripening variety obtained at the Research Institute of Lupine by crossing several hybrid varieties of sweet cherries. Passed tests in 2005 in the Central region of Russia.

The tree has medium growth characteristics. The trunk is prone to peeling, the crown is rounded. Fruiting is observed starting from 4 years after planting. Berries are formed on fruit branches and bouquet branches.

The fruits have a mass of up to 6.1 g, the shape is oval. The skin is painted in a dark red hue, there may be small specks. The pulp is red in color, has a dense texture and a pleasant taste. Fruit cracking resistance is noted.

The Sadko variety has a high winter hardiness, but the pistils are susceptible to frost. Relatively high performance immunity to fungal infections. Self-infertile type of pollination, good yields.

Today, there are dozens of names of cherry varieties for growing in the middle regions of Russia. When choosing a plant for your garden, you should consider not only resistance to frost and disease, but also taste characteristics, as well as yield indicators. The taste and quantity of fruits largely depends on proper care and climate in your area.

A rare summer resident of central Russia does not try to plant at least one cherry tree on his site, even knowing that this culture is very whimsical and capricious. When it is possible to harvest, it is said about the skill of the owner, and if the berries were not waited for, then they usually appeal to the fact that the role of the cherry was reduced solely to pollination of cherries growing nearby.

Cherry varieties for central Russia

The concept of the middle zone of Russia is conditional and does not coincide with the division into regions adopted in the State Register of the Russian Federation. It covers the North-Western region (with the exception of the Kaliningrad region), the Central and Central Black Earth, as well as almost the entire Volga-Vyatka and Middle Volga regions. The climate in such a territory is heterogeneous, but in general it is characterized by warm, rather humid weather in summer and moderately cold snowy winters. Average temperatures range from -12°C in winter to +21°C in summer.

I. V. Michurin made the first scientific attempts to adapt the southern culture to new conditions. The bred sweet cherry became the foundation for further breeding work to create new cold-resistant varieties. The variety of obtained types of cherries allows us to classify them according to many characteristics, primarily by the color of the fruit.

Yellow cherry varieties

Cherry fruits are colored in red, yellow, pink and orange. Sweet cherries with yellow berries are not as picky about climatic conditions as their relatives, therefore they are more adapted to grow and bear fruit in the climatic conditions of the middle zone, where severe winters are not uncommon.

Drogana yellow

Drogana yellow - an old variety with amber large fruits. Their average weight is about 6–7 g, some reach 8 g. The taste of the berries is sweet, dessert, but they are poorly transported.

Drogan cherry yellow is suitable for compotes and jams, but not for freezing, after defrosting the shape of the berries is not preserved

The fruits of Drogana yellow ripen by the end of June or July, do not fall off. Trees are productive from the age of 4–5 and bear fruit for another 20 years. The yield is stable, up to 30 kg per tree.

The variety is self-infertile, pollinating cherries are Denissen yellow, Gaucher. It is frost-resistant and, thanks to late blossoming, does not suffer from returning frosts. Approved for cultivation in the Lower Volga and North Caucasus regions, but through the efforts of gardeners, it has successfully expanded the distribution zone.

Drogana yellow tolerates drought well, and in rainy summers, the skin of the fruit cracks and is affected by fruit rot. Cherry fly also does not leave Drogana berries unattended. However, cherries are not exposed to fungal diseases.

Leningrad yellow

Leningradskaya yellow - a common late-ripening cherry, the berries ripen at the end of August. The skin is honey-yellow, the pulp is moderately tart, but sweet and juicy. The fruits weigh 3.4 g.

Cherry berries Leningrad yellow do not deteriorate, do not lose their taste and appearance within two weeks after harvest

On average, it gives 15 kg from one tree. Winter-hardy. Immune to bacterial rot, does not suffer from insect pests, including fruit fly damage.

Self-infertile. It is pollinated by varieties Leningradskaya black or Leningradskaya pink. These three types of cherries were obtained at the Pavlovsk experimental station of VIR, located near St. Petersburg. Pomologists of the station have created winter-hardy varieties of sweet cherries that are successfully cultivated in the North-West region, although they are not formally included in the State Register.

Oryol amber

Oryol amber - early-ripening cherries, berry picking begins in the second half of June. The fruits are intense yellow with a slight blush, weigh 5.6 g. The flesh is dense, juicy, sweet. Cherries are most often consumed fresh.

The berries of the Oryol amber have a very thin skin that attracts bees, besides, ripened fruits are prone to shedding

From the age of 4, the Oryol amber bears fruit, increasing its yield every year. From one adult tree, you can collect up to 33–35 kg of berries. Needs pollinators, Vityaz, Iput, Gostinets, Severnaya and Ovstuzhenka varieties are suitable.

The variety is not included in the State Register. It grows in the Central Black Earth and Middle Volga regions.

Homestead yellow

Homestead yellow was obtained at the end of the 20th century. Rounded ruddy berries weigh an average of 5.5 g. The pulp is pleasantly cartilaginous, sweet, with a slight sourness.

Home garden yellow is not intended for cultivation on an industrial scale, because it is poorly stored and transported

It blooms early and gives an early harvest, which begins to be harvested in the second half of June. Regular fruiting from the sixth year without the participation of pollinators. The yield is up to 15 kg per tree.

The advantages of this variety include high frost resistance. Homestead yellow zoned in the Central Black Earth region.

Chermashnaya

Chermashnaya - medium-sized, early-ripening and early-growing cherries. The berries are round, yellow, some develop a blush. The taste is dessert, sweet and sour (sweetness is more pronounced, sourness is barely perceptible). The average fruit weight is up to 4.5 g. The berries are consumed fresh.

Chermashnaya cherry is transportable both for close and long distances, the main thing is to harvest in dry weather and tear off the berries along with the tails

The variety is productive, gives up to 30 kg of berries from one tree. When planting two-year-old seedlings, they are harvested after four years. Self-infertile. As pollinators, the varieties Fatezh, Crimean, Bryansk pink, Iput, Leningrad black or Chocolate cherry are recommended.

Chermashnaya is resistant to fungal stone fruit diseases. Included in the State Register for the Central Region.

Winter-hardy varieties of cherries

In unstable winter weather, when colds are replaced by periods of thaw, wood is affected near the cherry, frost cracks appear. And return spring frosts are detrimental to the kidneys, because of which the crop suffers. Breeders managed to develop varieties of sweet cherries that are resistant to cold by buds and wood. In addition to the yellow-fruited Leningrad and Homestead, it is worth remembering a few more winter-hardy varieties.

Veda

Veda - late sweet cherry. The fruits are flattened-heart-shaped, medium-sized. Weight - a little more than 5 g. Juicy tender pulp is hidden under the ruby ​​​​skin. The yield of the variety is up to 25 kg per tree. Fruits in 4-5 years. The State Register recommends growing in the Central Region.

To improve the pollination of any sweet cherry, including the Veda variety, during the flowering period, you can spray the branches with water with honey or sugar, bees will flock to the sweet

Bryansk pink

Bryansk pink - very late cherry. The berries are round, coral. The veins show through the thick skin. Cartilaginous elastic pulp of rich sweet taste. Fruit weight - 4.5 g. Needs pollinators, the best varieties are Iput, Ovstuzhenka, Revna, Tyutchevka. The average yield is 20 kg per tree. The trees are early-growing, winter-hardy, not susceptible to coccomycosis. Sweet cherry Bryansk pink is included in the State Register for the Central Region.

100 g of any sweet cherry, for example, the Bryanskaya pink variety, contains 14–15 mg of vitamin C ( daily rate adult - 70–100 mg)

and the way

Iput - a variety of sweet cherries with dark pomegranate-colored fruits. Heart berries weigh an average of 5 g, although the weight can reach up to 10 g. The skin cracks under conditions of excessive moisture. The pulp is dense, dark red, sweet and juicy.

Iput blooms early and gives an early harvest. Fruiting from 4-5 years. Average yield- 20 kg per tree, twice as much in good years. Gives a crop only in the vicinity of pollinators. Varieties Revna, Bryansk pink, Tyutchevka are suitable for pollination.

Winter-hardy, not affected by fungal diseases. Cherry Iput is included in the State Register and approved for cultivation in the Central Black Earth region.

For Iput cherries, breeders chose a name that seems strange to many, and the name is given in honor of the river flowing through the Bryansk region

Odrinka

Odrinka is a late sweet cherry with round, dark red berries with a rich taste. The maximum fruit weight is 7.5 g, the average weight is 5.4 g. It blooms late and gives a medium-late harvest. Begins fruiting at 5 years old. Productivity - 25 kg from a tree. Self-infertile, the best pollinators are Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, Revna. Winter-hardy, not susceptible to fungal diseases. In the State Register for the Central Region.

In addition to other advantages, any sweet cherry, like the Odrinka variety, is very decorative - in spring it is covered with fragrant flowering, in summer - with juicy fruits.

Revna

Revna - medium late cherry. Flattened-rounded fruits weigh no more than 5 g, although some are almost 8 g. The skin is red to black in mature berries. The pulp is dark, dense, juicy, excellent in taste. Revna bears fruit from 5 years. Partially self-fertile, the best pollinators for this sweet cherry are Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Iput. When adjacent to other varieties, the average yield is 25 kg per tree, and the maximum reaches 30 kg. Shows winter hardiness and resistance to fungal pathology. The variety is included in the State Register for the Central Region.

pink pearl

The berries of winter-hardy cherries Pink pearls are not very large, weighing an average of 5.4 g. The fruits are pleasant in taste, they are characterized by sweetness. The variety tolerates temperature changes, is drought-resistant and at the same time actively bears fruit. The first harvest appears in the 5th or 6th year, and the first berries appear in mid-July. The indicator relative to one mature plant reaches 13–18 kg. The variety is self-infertile and needs pollinators. For this purpose, the varieties of sweet cherries Michurinka or Michurinskaya late, Adelina, Ovstuzhenka, Plaziya, Rechitsa are used. It is on state variety testing.

To enhance pollination and attract insects, next to any cherry, including the Pink Pearl variety, you can plant honey herbs: lemon balm, mint, oregano

Fatezh

Fatezh is a dessert variety of sweet cherry. The berries are small, round, medium early ripening, weigh 4.5 g. The skin is red or red-yellow. The pulp is juicy, has a cartilaginous structure and a pale pink color. The taste is sweet with sourness. Fruits are well transported. The variety is self-fertile, Chermashnaya, Iput, Bryansk pink are recommended as the best pollinators for it. In the neighborhood of pollinators, it gives up to 35 kg of yield from one tree. Resistant to fungal diseases and frost-resistant. Included in the State Register for the Central Region.

Fatezh sweet cherry is a recognized pollinator for almost all other sweet cherry varieties, with the exception of undersized ones.

Often, gardeners increase the winter hardiness of sweet cherries by grafting. In this case, the seedlings retain the characteristics of the selected varieties, while showing resistance to cold and disease due to the hardy rootstock.

undersized sweet cherry

On small garden plots tall cherry trees with a spreading crown cause a lot of trouble. Breeders offer varieties with limited growth, convenient for care and harvesting. Such cherries are called dwarf or columnar. Fruiting in such trees occurs earlier than in tall cherries, sometimes even in the year of grafting. However, it is recommended to cut off the flowers of the first year.

In fact, these trees are an overgrown central conductor 2–3 m high with short skeletal and bouquet branches. To facilitate care and limit the growth of trees, it is also practiced to form sweet cherries in the form of a bush, in several trunks. Due to the structural features, compact seedlings take up less space on the site, they are planted closer. Often columnar trees need additional support.

Dwarf trees, more than other types of sweet cherries, are demanding on external conditions, they need a lot of illumination of the site, the absence of wind and sudden changes in temperature. In addition, they do not tolerate watering flaws and are not drought tolerant.

Seedlings of dwarf trees retain maternal properties, therefore, not only grafting is used for reproduction, but also planting seeds. As a rule, seedlings obtained from stones adapt better to the local climate.

Dwarf trees look advantageous on small areas because of the unusual shape and dense flowering. Often self-fertile, and the taste is not inferior to large-sized ones. There are not so many varieties that can survive harsh winters. Most often, suppliers offer Helena, Sylvia and Little Sylvia, Black Columnar cherries. The variety Sam is proposed as a pollinator, catching up with large trees in height.

Photo gallery: columnar varieties of cherries

Columnar trees can be planted close to each other, at a distance of 1–2 m Helena sweet cherry can tolerate cold, but it is better to create additional protection for the winter so that it does not die Silvia sweet cherry is a very valuable industrial variety suitable for transportation and storage in normal conditions up to 7 days The Little Sylvia variety retains all its properties for several weeks if the berries are stored in the refrigerator. Pruning is not needed for low-growing varieties of cherries, like the Black Columnar, they themselves stretch upwards Sam cherries have the highest resistance to fruit cracking among all cherries, therefore valued in regions with high rainfall

Cherries with large fruits

As a rule, large-fruited cherries grow in warm regions, are prone to various diseases, and do not tolerate cold and temperature fluctuations. In particular, this is the yellow Drogana already described above - its fruits reach 8 g. There are other varieties that are worth talking about.

It can be noted winter-hardy cherries bull heart, the weight of the berries of which is within 8 g. These dark, sweet berries with a slight sourness have one drawback: with excessive humidity or temperature changes, the skin of the fruit cracks. Due to this, quality and transportability deteriorate. In the presence of pollinators (varieties Iput, Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka), the Bull's heart is capable of producing up to 40 kg of berries from one tree. The berries ripen by the end of June. It is grown mainly in the southern Black Earth region.

Cherry berries Bull's heart gives one of the largest among all varieties, but they do not tolerate transportation well and immediately burst (because the pulp is very juicy)

Some gardeners cut off up to a third of the flowers to increase the size of the fruit, artificially reducing the number of ovaries. In this case, the remaining berries receive more nutrition and develop better.

Self-fertile cherries

Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the flower, the sweet cherry is mainly a cross-pollinated plant. Most varieties of sweet cherries are self-fertile, however, self-pollinating cherries also exist.

The berries of the Narodnaya Syubarova sweet cherry reach a weight of 5–7 g. This is an example of an unpretentious sweet cherry that grows on any soil and in almost any climate. Despite the cold snowy winters and strong wind, in the second half of July, bright scarlet berries ripen on sweet cherries. Up to 40-50 kg of crop is harvested from a tree and without the presence of other varieties. Not included in the State Register. Distributed in the Crimea and the Volgograd region, but gardeners manage to expand the cultivation area of ​​Narodnaya Syubarova due to the unpretentiousness and winter hardiness of the variety.

Self-fertile sweet cherry Narodnaya Syubarova, like other self-fertile crops, in the presence of pollinators will bring more fruit

Partially self-fertile varieties include the early medium Ovstuzhenka, whose average berry weight is 4 g. The berries are dark cherry in color, medium-sized, slightly elongated, with dark sweet pulp. Without pollinating trees, berries form only 10% of the flowers. The best neighbors are Iput, Raditsa, Bryansk pink. Productive variety (up to 20 kg per tree). Ovstuzhenka is not affected by coccomycosis and is resistant to cold, enduring frosts down to -40 ° C without damage. In the State Register for the Central Region.

Cherry Ovstuzhenka does not like weeds very much, it is necessary to weed the near-trunk circle in a timely manner, annually increasing it by 50 cm

There are other partially self-fertile varieties, for example, Revna, but it also bears fruit better in the presence of pollinators. Without neighborhood with other varieties, 5–10% of flowers are tied.

Early cherry

Cherry begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. Cherries Iput, Veda bear fruit from 4-5 years. The four-year-olds of the Oryol Amber and Chermashnaya are not inferior to Adeline in terms of yield. But there are also champions.

There is a sweet cherry that yields a crop already in the third year after planting. This is the Orlovskaya pink variety, the flattened-rounded berries of which are even, with an average weight of 3.5 g. The skin and flesh are pink. Tastes sweet with mild sourness. Productivity of a grade - 20 kg from a tree. Self-infertile, pollinating varieties - Vityaz, Iput, Gostinets, Severnaya and Ovstuzhenka. Its advantage is resistance to fungal diseases and precocity. Approved by the State Register for cultivation in the Central Black Earth region.

The Orlovskaya pink cherry variety surpasses all varieties in terms of frost resistance: after testing with severe frost, the tree continued to bear fruit

Adelina is a little behind the Oryol rose, giving the first harvest for the 4th year. The variety is mid-season. Heart-shaped berries are painted in ruby ​​color. The average weight of Adelina fruits is within 5.5 g. The pulp is juicy, cartilaginous structure. Due to the dense texture of the pulp, the fruits are perfectly transportable. Self-infertile variety, the best neighbors will be varieties Poetry and Rechitsa. The yield is low, a little more than 20 kg per tree. Included in the State Register for the Central Black Earth Region.

If you want to protect the entire already small crop of Adeline cherries from birds, then the nets that cover the trees can help.

Sweet cherry varieties

The sweetest cherry for the middle band:

• Adeline;
• Bryansk pink;
• Iway;
• Revna;
• Ovstuzhenka;
• Chermashnaya.

In addition to these varieties, it is worth mentioning the mid-season Tyutchevka cherries, the fruits of which are dark red, juicy, dense, weighing 5.3 g. It needs pollinators, the varieties Bryansk pink, Iput, Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Revna are recommended. In a typical year, 25 kg is harvested per tree. An excellent cold hardy and disease resistant cherry. Included in the State Register for the Central Region.

Sweet cherry variety Tyutchevka Sweet cherry has good resistance to many diseases, but can be affected by coccomycosis and clasterosporiasis

Features of planting and growing cherries in central Russia

When planting sweet cherries, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region, the composition and level of soil acidity, as well as varietal features the cherry itself. According to I. V. Michurin, the variety ensures the success of the business.

Cherry prefers to grow in warm, lit areas, protected from penetrating winds. It does not tolerate stagnant water and acidic soils, therefore, before planting trees, the soil is deoxidized by adding 3–5 kg of dolomite flour to the planting pit for these purposes. All stone fruits love light soils, so sand is added to the soil mixture to improve its composition (in proportion to dolomite flour), and limestone crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pit to improve drainage and provide the sweet cherry with calcium.

Seedlings are purchased from reliable suppliers or large nurseries. Check the condition of the kidneys and root system. The buds must be awakened, and the root system developed and completely cover the container.

It is preferable to purchase containerized sweet cherry seedlings, since the closed root system is not injured during transportation and is subjected to less stress during planting.

Prepare a place on the site in advance. The projection area of ​​the crown corresponds to the prevalence of the roots, so more space is left for high varieties. In addition, the need for pollinators is taken into account. Planting holes are dug at a distance of 3-4 meters from each other. For planting one seedling:

1. Dig a hole with a diameter of 80 cm and a depth of up to 70 cm.
2. Separate the top fertile layer.
3. Crushed stone is poured to the bottom for drainage.
4. Dolomite flour and sand (1:1) are mixed with their own fertile soil layer, adding organic matter (humus, compost or peat in equal amounts), and fall asleep back.
5. The planting stake is fixed and a seedling is placed nearby so that the root collar rises above the soil level.
6. Tie the tree to a stake.
7. Compact the earth around the seedling, forming an irrigation hole.
8. Water abundantly (up to 3-4 liters of water).
9. To reduce the evaporation of moisture, cover the trunk circle with mulch.

Sweet cherries are characterized by intensive growth, so it is advisable to immediately cut the central conductor to a height of 50–60 cm in order to form a tiered crown in the future. If the skeletal branches are already formed, then cut them so that they are shorter than the trunk.

The formation of a sparse-tiered crown provides the plant with optimal development

When planting, organic fertilizers are applied so that the soil under the trees is not fertilized in the next few years. Further watering of seedlings is carried out if necessary. Excessive soil moisture leads to rotting of the roots, and during the period of fruit ripening - to their cracking. Important periods for watering sweet cherries are the time of flowering and the formation of the ovary, immediately after harvest and a month before the expected permanent cold weather (early or mid-October). The rest of the time, cherries are watered based on the characteristics of the climate.

Video: planting cherries

Recommended in early spring prophylactically treat cherry seedlings with a 1% solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid to prevent fungal diseases. If necessary, repeat the procedure before flowering.

Regular pruning is carried out in early spring in order to remove damaged branches and form the crown correctly. Weak, thickening, inward-growing, criss-crossing branches are removed, thereby indirectly regulating flowering and ensuring yield.

In autumn, it is recommended to whitewash not only the trunks, but also the main skeletal shoots to protect the bark from frost cracks. In the early years, it is recommended to cover the seedlings before the winter cold by wrapping the trunks with corrugated cardboard or other material in order to protect the plantings from rodents.

Reviews

In search of new experiences, we often do not notice how many wonderful things are happening before our eyes. After all, the fact that heat-loving cherries have spread far to the north and decorate summer cottages even in the North-Western region can only be called a miracle.

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Unpretentious sweet cherry - varieties for growing in Russia + Video

Foreword

Many varieties of cherries are known today! In the south of Russia, more heat-loving trees are grown, and for the Moscow region and regions of the middle zone, it is better to choose frost-resistant plants. How not to get confused in the variety of varieties of cherries and find the best one for your garden, we will tell in this article.

The self-fertility of varieties lies in the ability of fruit trees to self-pollinate with their pollen. Self-fertile are those that form 20-40% of the fruits from the total number of flowers. Self-fertile varieties do not need cross-pollination with other varieties. Their advantage is that they are independent of the flight of pollinating insects.

self fertile cherry

But there are not so many self-fertile varieties of cherries today. Therefore, even with such trees, it is better to plant pollinating varieties near them, which in any case will contribute to increased yields.

The best varieties of self-fertile cherries for the Moscow region today are recognized:

• Folk Syubarova - is considered the best option throughout Russia. True, one should not expect a huge harvest, 50 kilograms from one tree is the limit, it is no longer possible to harvest even in the most successful year. The berries of this sweet cherry are medium in size. The tree itself is tall, with a powerful trunk and branches that can withstand the load from snow or wind. The plant has a high self-pollination, the fruits ripen up to 90%. Seedlings take root perfectly and are able to grow even on sandy and loamy soils.
• Ovstuzhenka is a frost-resistant sweet cherry that can withstand up to -45 degrees. It is conditionally self-fertile, since pollination takes place within one tree, the resulting ovaries make up no more than 90%. Medium large berries, 4 to 7 grams. The harvest is 30-50 kg per tree. The tree is low, which allows it to be grown on an industrial scale.
• Revna is a small plant with a pyramidal crown. Self-fertile, very prolific, not large-fruited, its berries are not large, but very sweet and fragrant. Cold-resistant, withstands frost down to -6 degrees during the flowering period. Possesses high transportability, is stored for a long time, in a stage of a maturity dense, not watery.

Early winter-hardy and late varieties of cherries

Almost all known varieties of sweet cherries are mostly self-fertile, and only a few species are self-fertile, and only partially, since they also require pollinating varieties for a full-fledged harvest. Therefore, when choosing a variety for planting in your garden, you need to immediately buy a pollinator plant for it, which will have the same flowering period. Sweet cherry is divided into 3 groups according to the timing of flowering.

Winter-hardy early varieties of cherries:

• Iput - resistant to frost, has good fruits. Pollinators can be Revna and Raditsa.
• Home garden yellow is a self-fertile variety, frost-resistant, vigorous, slow-growing, quite productive. The berries are medium, sweet and sour.
• Gronkavaya is a strong, frost-resistant variety. The fruits received a high dessert rating. Suitable pollinators: Cheremashnaya, Raditsa, Iput, Fatezh and Ovstuzhenka.
• Krasnaya Gorka - less resistant to diseases, the berries were highly appreciated. Pollinators like Iputi.
• Ovstuzhenka - refers to partially self-fertile varieties, fruits with a good rating. It is good to plant next to the cherry Iput.

Winter-hardy cherry variety "Iput"

Mid-season varieties of sweet cherries:

• Rechitsa - belongs to the bigarro group, frost-resistant, not large-fruited, with very sweet dark red berries. Disease resistant. From pollinators, it is better to choose Pink Pearls, Adeline and Ovstuzhenka.
• Leningrad black from the Gini group. Sweet medium-sized berries, with pulp inseparable from the pits. A tree of medium height, not resistant to frost, not capable of self-pollination. Pollinators: Iput, Revna, Bryanochka, Tyutchevka and Veda.
• Leningrad pink - also belongs to the Gini group. Small berries with tender, yellowish skin with ruddy flanks, sweet and yellow flesh. The plant is quite tall, has a lush crown, does not self-pollinate. It is recommended to plant next to the following varieties: Adelina, Chernyshevsky, Pink Pearl and Rechitsa.
• Tyutchevka is a medium-sized tree, very resistant to cold and disease. The berries are bright red, medium in size, well suited for freezing and transportation. The plant is partially self-pollinated. Recommended pollinators: Iput, Raditsa and Ovstuzhenka.
• Large-fruited - tall, fast-growing tree with a wide crown of medium density. Large-fruited sweet cherry has dark red berries, the mass of which is 10-12 grams, it is considered a dessert variety. The best pollinators will be Surprise and Oratovsky.

Late maturing varieties:

• Michurinka is not a tall tree, resistant to drought and diseases. The berries are dark red, strong, fleshy and sweet. Long stored and well transported. The variety is self-infertile. Pollinators required: Late Michurin and Pink Pearls.
• Bryansk pink - belongs to the bigarro group. The berries are medium-sized, about 5 grams, with sweet pink pulp, not separated from the stone. Varieties suitable for pollination: Iput, Revna, Ovstuzhenka and Tyutchevka.

Yellow cherry that is not afraid of birds

Red cherries, especially early varieties, are very fond of pecking birds. If the garden is located near the forest, rowan thrushes flying from it are capable of destroying the entire crop of berries in a matter of hours. Therefore, red-fruited varieties of the Moscow region during their fruiting period are best covered with a net.

The yellow cherry is not afraid of this misfortune - the birds do not touch its berries, and the crop remains intact. In addition, red fruits do not tolerate heavy summer rains and often crack. Yellow cherry, unlike the red-sided one, does not have such a drawback.

yellow cherry

The most common cherry variety "Yellow Homestead" for the Moscow region. It is one of the early ripe varieties of the bigarro group. Berries of medium size weighing about 5-6 grams, their flesh, like the peel, is yellow, sweet, but with a slight sourness. Yellow Homestead loves black soil, so it takes root perfectly in the middle lane.

Variety features:

• self-pollinating tree, has high yields;
• fruiting begins quite late - in the 6th year, while ordinary trees begin to bear fruit in the fourth year;
• frost-resistant variety, resistant to fungal diseases, not afraid of cherry flies;
• requires frequent pruning and removal of shoots, as the tree multiplies quickly and has a very lush crown.

Low-growing trees - small, but distant

To achieve high yields on a small planting area, columnar fruit trees are increasingly being used, since there is less maintenance and consumption of related materials, and mechanized harvesting is also applicable to them. Among the thousands of cultivars known in the world, tall ones predominate.

columnar fruit trees

And only a few of them, such as the Fatezh yellow cherry, have a relatively moderate growth. To breed low-growing varieties of sweet cherries, modern breeders have used several methods to suppress the dominant gene for tallness. We will tell you about two of them.

1. Growing dwarf donors. Cultivated large-fruited cherries are usually grown on antipka seedlings, which are vigorous rootstocks. To reduce the height of the tree, low-growing rootstocks are used. Clonal cherry rootstocks known today have a wide range of possible crown reduction, which is 20-90%. The effectiveness of the use of low-growing rootstocks has been noted by global breeders, industrial horticulturalists and private farms. Thanks to recent studies, the prospects of using dwarf cherry rootstocks have been confirmed, which influenced the further development of breeding work in this direction.
2. Exposure of test specimens to radiation. This method is based on causing a mutation in plants that suppresses the dominant traits of their tallness. As a result of the work of Canadian specialists, low-growing varieties of sweet cherries were bred - dwarf Compact Lambert and Compact Stella. The resulting columnar forms have earlier terms of full fruiting than large-fruited tall sweet cherries.

But, despite the many advantages, even the best varieties of the columnar species have a number of disadvantages. Flower buds of undersized cherry rootstocks have low resistance to spring frosts, which often leads to a significant loss of part of the crop. In addition, the buds of dwarf trees bloom earlier than those of tall plants, which can lead to the threat of freezing.

Another significant drawback of the columnar sweet cherry is its overproductiveness, since the fruits eventually lose their size significantly, which affects their market value. To prevent this phenomenon, the crowns of columnar trees need regular adjustments aimed at regulating the load of the crop.

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Saratov cherry

In the industrial gardens of the Volga region, sweet cherries are still very poorly distributed. Why? As a rule, we grow varieties of southern origin, and they are not winter hardy enough.

Not much better is the situation on amateur sites. Although varieties such as Valery Chkalov, Napoleon black, Drogana yellow, etc. may well grow in our climate. However, no one can guarantee you success. In severe winters, trees suffer from cold weather, and sometimes freeze completely. Yields fluctuate over the years.

Berries for dessert

Cherries are the closest relative of cherries. But unlike the latter, its fruits contain up to 15 percent of sugars and only up to 0.8 acids. Therefore, they are much sweeter, have an excellent dessert taste. Good for both fresh consumption and processing. Berries ripen annually and at a very early date. In addition, sweet cherries are less damaged by pests and diseases than other crops. The trees are quite tall, in cultivation they reach a height of about 8 m. They live 2-3 times longer than cherries - up to 40-60 years.

Place for a seedling

Sweet cherry is a photophilous plant. Being planted in the shade, forms an ankle-shaped crown. And in this case, you will collect much less harvest due to the fragility of the bouquet branches of the tree. It is best to plant cherries on the south side of the buildings. And at such a distance that the shadow from them does not reach the plants. It is impossible to place landings on the lower parts of the slopes or in the lowlands, where cold air masses accumulate in spring. Cherries are demanding on the soil. Like cherries, it does not tolerate excessive moisture, and even more so flooding, even if it is short-term.

Selection novelties

All this must be borne in mind in order to successfully grow cherries and get rich harvests. But no less important is the choice of a reliable variety adapted to the climatic conditions of the Volga region. At our experimental station, work is underway to create such novelties. Based on the variety Leningradskaya Chernaya, we have identified a group of winter-hardy seedlings. Under the condition of good preparation for the winter, they endured temperatures of -25 ... 27 ° C without visible damage. After many years of testing, the best of them were selected. New products not only withstand the winter cold without loss, but are also distinguished by good fruit quality, high and annual yields. In memory of Chernyshevsky. This is a seedling from the free pollination of sweet cherries Leningradskaya black. The tree is medium tall, with a pyramidal crown of medium density. It starts fruiting 4 years after planting. The winter hardiness of the tree is high, the flower buds are satisfactory. The variety is partially self-fertile, but it is better to place it next to other cherries and sweet cherries. The fruits ripen on June 17-23. They are wide-heart-shaped, with an average weight of 4.8 g, with dense red flesh. Tasting score - 4.8-5 points. The stone is well separated from the pulp. From eight-year-old trees, we harvested more than 20 kg. Fruiting is annual. The variety is recommended for production testing and amateur gardening in the Volga region.

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Cherry - what to plant and what variety to choose?

Of all fruit crops cherries ripen first. What are the features of this culture and which variety to choose?

Sweet cherries are self-fertile, and therefore it is necessary to plant (or graft) at least 2-3 at the same time. flowering varieties. It enters fruiting early, the first fruits appear already 2-3 years after planting.

A good harvest is harvested for 5-6 years. There is no periodicity of fruiting, unless, of course, flowering does not fall under frost.

Sweet cherry, grafted onto sweet cherry, forms almost meter-long growths in the first years and quickly forms a high crown (up to 3.5 m by the age of four). Therefore, the distance between the trees should be at least 4 m. In 5-6-year-old trees, it is necessary to cut the guide to a strong side branch so that the tree grows in breadth.

In the middle lane and further north, it is better to graft cherries on cherry seedlings. The stock inhibits its growth, makes it more resistant to adverse conditions. Cherries grafted onto cherries are best formed in the form of a multi-stemmed bush with 3-5 trunks. By 8-10 years, the bush will reach a height of only 2-2.5 m. Such a cherry is better restored in case of freezing.

Cherry varieties

E. L. Syubarova (Belarus) was a pioneer in the creation of winter-hardy varieties of sweet cherries. Severnaya, Gronkovaya, Festivalnaya and Gostinets are especially resistant to diseases (with large fruits and dense pulp).

For the Central Black Earth region of Russia, varieties appeared at VNIISPK - Orlovskaya pink, Poetry, Malyshka.

For the sharply continental conditions of the Lower Volga region, early varieties Pamyat Chernyshevsky, Yantarnaya and late - Yantar of the Volga region were obtained.

For the Moscow region, varieties Fatezh, Chermashnaya and Sinyavskaya are suitable. In Bryansk, varieties Iput, Revna, Bryanskaya pink, Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Rechitsa, Teremoshka were bred relatively winter-hardy, with high-quality fruits.

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Crimson. Weak (up to 2 m) bushy variety. It has highly winter-hardy flower buds. The beginning of fruiting - on the 3-4th year of growth. Fruits weighing 3.5-4 g, rounded, sweet-sour, dark red, with dark-colored juice, universal purpose, early ripening. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. The variety is partially self-fertile. The best pollinators: Moscow Griot, Vladimirskaya, Shubinka.

Vladimirskaya. An old Central Russian variety of folk selection. Srednerosly (up to 3.5 m), with a spherical crown. Beginning of fruiting in the 4-5th year after planting. The wood is winter-hardy, flower buds freeze slightly in severe winters. Fruits weighing up to 3 g, flat-round shape, dark red, with intensely colored juice, sweet and sour, universal purpose, medium ripening. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: Lyubskaya, Zhukovskaya, Shubinka.

Volochaevka. Medium-sized (2.5 m) winter-hardy tree with a rounded crown. The variety is self-fertile, starts bearing fruit in the 4-5th year. Average term of maturing. Productivity 10-12 kg per tree. The fruits are dark red, large (4.5 g), juicy, sweet and sour taste. The variety is resistant to coccomycosis.

Garland. The tree is stunted with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. In the south of the Chernozem region, the winter hardiness of the tree is good, the flower buds are average. The variety is high-yielding, the fruits densely stick around the branches, from where the name "Garland" comes from, the yield can reach 65 kg per tree during the period of full fruiting. Average term of maturing. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, on young trees up to 6 g, rounded, dark red. The pulp is dark red, pleasant sweet and sour taste.

Gorkovskaya. Variety of folk selection, selected by I.P. Eliseev in steppe cherry plantations in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Vigorous (up to 4 m). The fruits are small (up to 2.5 g), rounded, dark red, with colored juice, technical purpose, late ripening. Winter hardiness is high. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Shubinka.

Griot of Moscow. Vigorous (up to 4 m) variety. Fruits weighing up to 3 g, rounded, dark red, with red juice, universal purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness is average. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Crimson, Shubinka.

Griot of Ostheim. An old German cherry variety, grown in Germany for over 300 years. It has long been brought to Russia, where it is distributed from the south of the Non-Black Earth region to the North Caucasus, often under local names. It was even zoned for Sakhalin. The tree is medium-sized, up to 3-4 m, with a characteristic spherical dense crown with drooping lower branches. Average term of maturing. The fruits are medium, 3–4 g, round, dark red, dark cherry when overripe. The pulp is dark red, medium density, pleasant typical cherry sweet and sour taste with a slight astringency. The variety is high-yielding, especially in the south. There, 50–60 kg of fruits are removed from a 15–20-year-old tree, and from best trees up to 120 kg. In more northern regions (north of Voronezh), due to freezing of flower buds, yields are lower.

Griot of Rossoshansky. Medium height, with a rounded, well translucent crown. Winter hardiness of a tree in the south of the Central region of the European part is high, flower buds are average. Average term of maturing. The average yield from a tree is 20–25 kg, the maximum is up to 70 kg. Medium-sized fruits, 3–4 g, rounded, slightly flattened, dark cherry color. The pulp is dark red, sweet-sour very pleasant taste.

Dessert Volga. Srednerosly (up to 3 m) variety. Fruits weighing up to 3 g, dark red, with red juice, universal purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is high. The variety is self-fertile.

Zhukovskaya. A popular cherry variety in the Black Earth region. Medium height, up to 3–3.5 m. The crown is reverse pyramidal, becoming rounded with age. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Central Black Earth zone is good; in the Non-Black Earth region, flower buds freeze quite often. Late maturity. Fruits weighing up to 3.5 g, round-heart-shaped, dark red, with intensely colored juice, sweet and sour taste. Winter hardiness is average. The grade is appreciated for high tastes of fruits and high transportability. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya.

Star. Tree up to 3.5 m high, with a pyramidal crown. Fruits up to 4 g, red, with colored juice, universal purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. Best pollinators: Vladimirskaya.

Kalitvyanka (Torch). The tree is stunted or medium in size with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the European part of Russia is good. The average yield from a tree is 20–25 kg, the maximum is up to 55 kg. Average term of maturing. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, rounded, bright red. The pulp is light red, pleasant sour-sweet taste with a predominance of sugar content.

Kent. This ancient cherry variety is significantly inferior in fruit quality to the best modern varieties, but continues to be valued for its early ripening and vitality of the tree. A tree of medium height, crown of medium density, broadly pyramidal in shape, with characteristic shiny elongated oval foliage, by which Kent is easy to distinguish from other varieties. Winter hardiness in the Central Black Earth zone is good, in the south of the Non-Chernozem region it is satisfactory. Early maturity. Productivity is high, 30–40 kg per tree. Fruits 2.5–3 g, rounded, red, flesh is light red, sweet, with a weak acidity, good taste. Pink juice.

Lada. The tree is medium-sized with a raised crown. Winter hardiness of a tree in the south of the Central Chernozem region is high, flower buds are above average. Begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year. Productivity is high: up to 25 kg per tree. The fruits are large, 4.5–5 g, oval, dark red. The pulp is red, medium density, sour-sweet taste. The fruits are mainly intended for fresh consumption. Ripens in the last decade of June. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Lyubskaya. An old Russian variety of folk selection of cherries, also known as Apukhtinskaya. Medium height (up to 2.5 m). Late maturing, self-fertile. The beginning of fruiting in the 3-4th year. Good fruiting up to 13-15 years. Annually gives high yields: 10-15 kg per tree. The fruits are large (4–5 g), round-heart-shaped, dark red, with red juice, universal purpose, late ripening. The pulp is sweet-sour with astringency. The variety is more suitable for technical processing. Winter hardiness of wood is average (high in the Chernozem region, only average in the Non-chernozem zone), flower buds - high. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Zhukovskaya. Severely affected by coccomycosis.

Robin. Small tree (up to 2 m). The variety is self-fertile, blooms in medium terms, medium-late ripening, high-yielding (10-15 kg per tree), with round-oval red fruits above average size (3.5-4.0 g), sweet-sour taste, with intense color juice, universal purpose. Winter hardiness is good. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Moscow Griot. Weakly affected by coccomycosis.

Lighthouse. A low bush cherry, up to 1.5 m, has a spreading spherical crown. It enters fruiting at the 3-4th year. Medium maturity, self-fertile, winter-hardy. Productivity is high - up to 12–16 kg per bush. The fruits are large (4.2 g), dark red, sweet-sour, juicy. The variety is moderately resistant to diseases and pests.

Menzelinsky. Bush cherry, grows up to 2–2.5 m. The shape of the bush is spreading, weeping, the branches are long, thin, hanging down. Late ripening, winter hardy. Productivity is high: 10–12 kg. The fruits are red, sweet and sour, large (3.8 g). The variety is self-infertile. The best pollinators are Vladimirskaya and Shubka. The variety is resistant to drought and coccomycosis.

Youth. The tree is stunted, bushy type, 2–2.5 m in height, with drooping branches. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high. The variety is high-yielding, self-fertile, late ripening. The fruits are large, weighing 4–5 g, rounded, maroon. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour with a predominance of sweetness, very good taste. After ripening, they are able to hang on a tree for a long time, gradually turning into very tasty dried fruits.

Not chilly. Forms a bush with a height of 1.5–2.5 m. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th–5th year. Productivity is high: 15–20 kg per bush. Early term of maturing, winter-hardy. The fruits are large (4.5 g), red, sweet and sour, juicy. The variety is self-infertile. Best pollinators: Beauty of Tataria, Mayak, Early sweet. The variety is moderately disease resistant.

Nizhnekamsk. Forms a low shrub 1.5–2 m high. Medium ripening, winter-hardy. The yield is good. The fruits are dark red, medium size (fruit weight 3 g). The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. It is highly resistant to coccomycosis.

Memory of Vavilov. The tree is very vigorous, up to 7–8 m, with a rounded crown of medium density. Winter hardiness in the Central Chernozem region is average, in the south of this zone it is good, but in the Non-Black Earth region the tree and flower buds often freeze slightly. The yield is average, irregular, from a few kilograms to a landslide harvest, reaching 100 or more kilograms per tree. Average term of maturing. The fruits are large, 5–6 g, with big harvest smaller, rounded, dark red. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste. The variety is one of the most resistant to coccomycosis.

Memory of Voronchikhina. A tree of medium height, comes into fruition in the 4th year. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Central Chernozem region is good. Productivity is high, averaging 18–22 kg per tree, but not always regular. Ripens mid-early. Fruits 4-5 g, rounded, almost black. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste. The fruits of this variety give very good processed products, they make excellent compotes, jams, juices.

The memory of Enikeev. The height of the tree is 2.5–3 m, the crown is slightly drooping, spherical, of medium density. Average term of maturing. In terms of winter hardiness of flower buds and tissues, it is slightly inferior to Vladimirskaya. The fruits are large (4.7 g), oval in shape, dessert flavor. General purpose variety. The average yield is 8–10 kg per tree. Recommended for cultivation in the southern regions of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Vole. Weak (1.5–2 m) variety of weeping form. Average term of maturing. Average yield: 8-10 kg per bush. The fruits are small (up to 2.6 g), red, round, sweet and sour, with pink juice, for technical purposes. Winter hardiness is high. The variety is self-infertile. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Shubinka, Menzelinskaya, Mayak, Shakirovskaya. Severely affected by coccomycosis.

Pren koray. Hungarian early cherry variety, which showed good winter hardiness, productivity and high quality of fruits in the south of the Central Black Earth Region. Tree of medium height with a rounded crown of medium density. Early maturity. Productivity is good, up to 20–25 kg from an 8–10 year old tree. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, under favorable conditions up to 6–7 g, flat-round, dark red, with a short stalk. The pulp is red, medium density.

Prima. Tree of medium size or vigorous with a rounded crown, durable. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the Chernozem region is high. The yield is average, not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 20–25 kg, the maximum is up to 84 kg. The fruits are medium, 3–4 g, rounded, dark cherry. The pulp is dark red, sweet and sour, good taste. The fruits ripen later, they are able to remain on the tree for a long time, up to September, without losing their qualities. Among the disadvantages is increased sensitivity to moniliosis.

Rainbow. Srednerosly (up to 2.5 m) grade. Fruits weighing up to 3 g, rounded, dark red, with colored juice, universal purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is good. The variety is practically self-fertile, Gorkovskaya is a good pollinator.

Rastunya. Variety of folk selection of the Middle Volga region. Vigorous (up to 4–5 m). Fruits weighing up to 2.5 g, flat-round shape, dark red, with colored juice, technical purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness is good. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Beloved, Shubinka.

Rossosh black. The tree is medium-sized, 2.5–3 m, the crown is raised, reversely pyramidal, of medium density. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high. The yield is good, but not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 18–20 kg, the maximum reaches 60 kg. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, round, dark cherry, almost black. The pulp is dark red, sweet and sour pleasant taste. The fruits ripen early average term, at the end of the 3rd decade of June. The variety is distinguished by dry detachment of fruits and their high transportability.

Saratov baby. The variety got its name for the restrained growth of the tree. The crown is rounded, very dense, inside which the fruits are hidden, so the birds cause much less damage to them compared to other varieties. Early maturity. The yield is high, reaching 20–25 kg per tree, in some years up to 50–60 kg. The fruits are large, 5–6 g, under favorable conditions up to 7–8 g, flat-round, dark cherry with a characteristic short stalk. The flesh is dark red, medium firm, very sweet with pleasant acidity and cherry aroma, good to excellent taste. The juice is dark red.

Tambov. Srednerosly (up to 2.5 m) grade. Fruits weighing more than 3 g, dark red, with colored juice, universal purpose, medium ripening. Winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is satisfactory. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya.

Turgenevka. A tree 3–3.5 m high, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, raised. Winter hardiness is high, flower buds tolerate frosts down to -35 ° C. Late maturity. Productivity is high, regular, 20–25 kg per tree. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, maroon. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste. The fruits are very good for processing into compotes, jams, juices.

Farmer. A medium-sized tree with an elevated, broad-pyramidal crown shape, bears fruit in the 3rd–4th year after planting, and is winter-hardy in the south. The average yield is 17 kg per tree, the maximum is up to 30–40 kg. Average term of maturing. The fruits are large, 4–5 g, rounded, dark red. The pulp is dense, dark red, sweet and sour taste. Due to the high density of the pulp, the fruits can withstand long-term transportation. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Black large. The tree is stunted, relatively short-lived. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is good. The yield is not always regular, the average yield per tree is 15–20 kg, the maximum is up to 33 kg. Average term of maturing. The fruits are large, 5–6 g, with a small yield up to 8 g, rounded, almost black. The pulp is dark cherry, sweet and sour, good taste.

Chocolate girl. It grows up to a height of 2–2.5 m. The variety is highly self-fertile. The average yield per bush is 11.5 kg. Fruits weighing 3–3.5 g, maroon, sweet and sour taste, universal purpose. The variety is relatively resistant to fungal diseases, including coccomycosis. Differs in high winter hardiness.

Shubinka. Local variety of the Moscow region. Vigorous (up to 4 m and more). Fruits weighing up to 3 g, rounded, dark red, with colored juice, universal purpose, late ripening. Winter hardiness is average. The best pollinators: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya.

CHERRY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA: PROMISING VARIETIES.

Cherry is a traditional stone fruit culture in the Russian garden. It began to be grown back in the days of Ancient Russia. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, a wild-growing species is widespread - steppe cherry or cherry, growing in the form of a low shrub. This cherry is highly winter-hardy, specimens with large fruits are often found, but their taste is too sour, often with astringency and bitterness, so they are of little use for fresh consumption. The best specimens of wild steppe cherries, transferred to gardens, served as the basis for the cultural assortment of cherries in ancient Russian gardens.

In the 11th-13th centuries, southern varieties of common cherry were brought from Byzantium to the southern regions of Ancient Russia, primarily to Kyiv, which arose in culture in Ancient Greece from spontaneous crossing of steppe cherries with sweet cherries. The common steppe cherry differs from the common cherry in the larger size of the tree and much tastier and sweeter fruits. But in terms of winter hardiness, it is significantly inferior to steppe cherry varieties. Byzantine varieties of common cherry were cultivated primarily in the monastery gardens. With the transfer of the grand-ducal capital from Kyiv to Vladimir, this cherry fell into the Vladimir lands. There it proved not to be winter hardy enough and had to be grown with shelter for the winter. During the joint cultivation of southern varieties of common cherries and local varieties of steppe cherries, they were cross-pollinated, random seedlings grew from hybrid seeds, more or less successfully combining high quality fruits with good winter hardiness. Thus, the Vladimir center of cherry culture arose with its own assortment, the best variety of which is considered to be Vladimirskaya or Roditeleva. This cherry was very popular in the 19th century, when large industrial orchards were planted with it due to the high taste of the fruit. Just such a garden is depicted by A.P. Chekhov in his famous play. But low productivity and small fruit are very significant disadvantages of this variety.

At the end of the 19th century, in the gardens of the southern part of the former Kursk province (now the Belgorod region), the local variety Lyubskaya was discovered. It was distinguished by high and regular yields, large beautiful fruits, but their taste was very mediocre, excessively sour and with astringency, so they were suitable only for jam and compotes.

These two varieties Vladimirskaya and Lyubskaya became the main ones in the cherry orchards of central Russia for many years.

For the first time, breeding work with cherries in our country at the end of the 19th century was started by I.V. Michurin. They have developed more than 10 new varieties. But breeding work with this crop acquired a special scope in the 30-80s of the last century. It was carried out at almost all experimental stations and horticultural institutes in the center of Russia. Many new varieties were created that enriched the previously poor assortment of this crop for the middle lane. As a rule, new varieties are distinguished by large fruits of good or excellent taste, high yields, and increased disease resistance. They significantly increased the cherry season: in the south of the Central Chernozem region, it now lasts about 1.5-2 months - from mid-June to the end of July. Near a number late varieties- Lyubskoy, Molodezhnaya, Prima fruits are capable of remaining on the tree for a long time after ripening without loss of quality, especially if the weather is dry at this time. This lengthens the season until mid-August or more.

The winter hardiness of Central Russian cherry varieties allows them to be grown in most of the Central region of Russia. Trees without significant freezing endure short-term frosts down to -36° - 38°, and flower buds withstand -33° - -35°. This, of course, provided that the tree is healthy and leaves well prepared for the winter. Premature leaf fall in August - September due to the defeat of coccomycosis significantly reduces the winter hardiness of trees, and then they are damaged by weaker frosts.

We give a brief description of the best cherry varieties for the Central region of the European part of Russia based on the results of their testing at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station.

Varieties of early ripening

Kent. This ancient cherry variety is significantly inferior in fruit quality to the best modern varieties, but continues to be valued for its early ripening period, tree viability and its high ecological plasticity. Wood medium strength growth, crown of medium density, broadly pyramidal in shape, with characteristic shiny elongated-oval foliage, by which Kent is easy to distinguish from other varieties. Winter hardiness in the Central Black Earth zone is good, in the south of the Non-Chernozem region it is satisfactory. Productivity is high, reaches 30-40 kg per tree. Fruits are below average, 2.5-3g, rounded, red. The flesh is light red, sweet, with a weak acidity, good taste with a tasting score of 4.2 points. Pink juice. This variety in mid-June opens the cherry season in the south of the Central Black Earth Region.

Saratov baby. A new excellent early variety of selection of the Saratov Experimental Horticulture Station. It got its name from the restrained growth of the tree. The crown is rounded, very dense, inside which the fruits are hidden, so the birds cause much less damage to them compared to other varieties. Productivity is high and reaches 20-25 kg per tree, in some years up to 50-60 kg. The fruits are large, 5-6g, under favorable conditions up to 7-8g, flat-round, dark cherry with a characteristic short stalk. The flesh is dark red, medium firm, very sweet with pleasant acidity and cherry aroma, good to excellent taste with a tasting score of 4.8 points. The juice is dark red. Ripening early, a few days later than Kent.

Pren koray. Hungarian early cherry variety, which showed good winter hardiness, productivity and high quality of fruits in the south of the Central Black Earth Region. Tree of medium vigor with a rounded crown of medium density. The yield is good, up to 20-25 kg from an 8-10 year old tree. The fruits are large, 4-5g, under favorable conditions up to 6-7g, flat-round, dark red, with a short stalk. The pulp is red, medium density, with a tasting score of 4.3 points. The juice is red. Ripening early, in the south of the CCR at the beginning of the third decade of June.

Lada. A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is medium-sized with a raised crown. Winter hardiness of a tree in the south of the Central Chernozem region is high, flower buds are above average. It begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting in the garden, the yield is high - up to 25 kg per tree, resistance to coccomycosis is average. The fruits are large 4.5-5g, oval, dark red, with a lighter stripe along the seam. The pulp is red, medium density, sour-sweet dessert taste, with a tasting score of 4.8 points. The juice is red. The fruits are mainly intended for fresh consumption. They ripen in the last decade of June, a few days later than the Saratov baby.

Rossosh black. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station in the 60s of the last century and gained great popularity. The tree is medium-sized, 2.5-3m high, the crown is raised, reverse pyramidal, medium density. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high, it withstands the climate of the Moscow region well, where it is recommended for home gardens and summer cottages. The yield is good, but not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 18-20 kg, the maximum reaches 60 kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, rounded, dark cherry, almost black. The pulp is dark red, sweet-sour pleasant taste with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen in the early middle term, at the end of the 3rd decade of June. The variety is distinguished by dry detachment of fruits and their high transportability.

Memory of Voronchikhina. A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. Tree of medium vigor, bears fruit 4 years after planting. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Central Chernozem region is good. The yield is high, averaging 18-22 kg per tree, but not always regular. Fruits weighing 4-5 g, rounded, almost black. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste, with a tasting score of 3.8-4 points. The juice is dark colored. The fruits of this variety give very good processed products, thanks to the intense color of the fruits, they make excellent compotes, jams, juices. They ripen in the middle-early period, in the south of the CCR at the end of the last ten days of June.

Varieties of medium maturity

Griot of Ostheim. An old German cherry variety, grown in Germany for over 300 years. It has long been brought to Russia, where it is distributed from the south of the Non-Black Earth region to the North Caucasus, often under local names. It was even zoned for Sakhalin. The tree is medium-sized, up to 3-4m tall with a characteristic spherical dense crown with drooping lower branches. Fruits of medium size, 3-4g, rounded, dark red, dark cherry when overripe. The pulp is dark red, medium density, pleasant typical cherry sweet and sour taste with a slight astringency, tasting score 4.5 points. The juice is dark colored. Fruit ripening is average. The variety is high-yielding, especially in the south. In this zone, 50-60 kg of fruits are harvested from a 15-20-year-old tree, and up to 120 kg from the best trees. In more northern regions - north of Voronezh, due to freezing of flower buds, yields are lower.

Griot of Rossoshansky. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. A tree of medium vigor, with a rounded, well translucent crown. The winter hardiness of the tree in the south of the CCR is high, the flower buds are average. The variety is high-yielding, the average yield from a tree is 20-25 kg, the maximum is up to 70 kg. Medium-sized fruits, weighing 3-4g, rounded, slightly flattened, dark cherry color. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour, very pleasant taste, tasting score 4.3 points. The juice is dark colored. Fruit ripening is average, in the south of the Chernozem region and early July.

Garland . A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is stunted with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. In the south of the Chernozem region, the winter hardiness of the tree is good, the flower buds are average. The variety is high-yielding, the fruits densely stick around the branches, from where the name Garland comes from, the yield can reach 65 kg per tree during the period of full fruiting. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, on young trees up to 6 g, rounded, dark red. The pulp is dark red, pleasant sweet and sour taste, tasting score 4.2 points. The juice is red. Fruit ripening is average, removable maturity in the south of the CCR occurs in early July.

Kalitvyanka (Torch). A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is stunted or medium in size with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the CCR is good. The yield is good, the average yield per tree is 20-25kg, the maximum is up to 55kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, rounded, bright red. The pulp is light red, pleasant sour-sweet taste with a predominance of sugar content, tasting score 4.4 points. The juice is light red. Fruit ripening in the middle term, in the south of the CCR in early July. Varieties Garland and Kalitvyanka are very similar, but they are easy to distinguish by the characteristics of the fruit. Garland has very long stalks, the color of the fruit is very dark, the taste is more sour compared to Kalitvyanka.

Memory of Vavilov. The variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops (Michurinsk). The tree is very vigorous up to 7-8m. high with a rounded crown of medium density. This is one of the most vigorous cherry varieties in the world assortment and one of the most resistant to coccomycosis. Winter hardiness in the Central Chernozem region is average, in the south of this zone it is good, but in the Non-Black Earth region the tree and flower buds often freeze slightly. The yield is average, irregular, from a few kilograms in some unfavorable years to a landslide harvest, reaching 100 or more kilograms per tree in favorable years. The fruits are large, 5-6g, with a large yield they become smaller, rounded, dark red. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4.3 points. Maturity is average, in the south of the Black Earth region in the first decade of July.

Black large. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. The tree is undersized, relatively short-lived, on this basis it resembles Lyubskaya. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Chernozem region is good. The yield is good, although not always regular, the average yield per tree is 15-20 kg, the maximum is up to 33 kg. The fruits are large and very large, weighing 5-6 g, with a small yield up to 8 g, rounded, almost black. The pulp is dark cherry, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The juice is dark-colored, almost black. Consumer qualities of fruits are very high. Fruit ripening in the middle term, in the south of the CCR in early July.

Farmer– A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. A tree of medium vigor with a raised, broad-pyramidal crown, begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting, and is winter-hardy in the south of the CCR. The average yield is 17kg per tree, the maximum is up to 30-40kg. The fruits are large, with an average weight of 4-5 g, rounded, dark red in color. The pulp is dense, dark red, sweet and sour, very pleasant with a tasting score of 4.4 points, the juice is dark red. Due to the high density of the pulp, which is unusual for cherries, the fruits can withstand long-term transportation and are in high demand among consumers. The fruits ripen in early July. The variety is universal. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Late maturing varieties

Youth. This relatively new variety was bred at the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (Moscow) and has gained great popularity due to its high annual yield, low growth and high quality fruits. The tree is undersized, 2-2.5 m in height, with drooping branches, short-lived. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, widely rounded, maroon. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour with a predominance of sweetness, very good taste with a tasting score of -4.6 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen late in the south of the Central Chernobyl region in the second decade of July. After ripening, they are able to hang on a tree for a long time, gradually turning into very tasty dried fruits.

Turgenevka. A relatively new variety of selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding (Orel). A tree of medium vigor, 3-3.5 m high, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, raised. The winter hardiness of the tree is high, flower buds endure frosts down to -35 ° C in steadily cold winters without sudden temperature changes. The yield is high, regular, averages 20-25 kg per tree, the maximum yield reaches 70 kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, with a small yield up to 8 g, wide-heart-shaped, maroon in color. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste with a tasting score of 3.8 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits are very good for processing, they make excellent compotes, jams, juices. Ripening late, in the conditions of the south of the CCR in the 2nd decade of July.

Zhukovskaya. A very popular variety in the Chernozem region of the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops (Michurinsk). A tree of medium vigor, 3-3.5 m high, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, becoming rounded with age. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the CCR is good; in the Non-Chernozem region, flower buds freeze quite often. The yield is average, irregular: from 3-4 kg per tree in lean years to 50-60 kg in good years. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, oval-heart-shaped, dark red, almost black. The flesh is dark red, very good sweet and sour taste with a tasting score of 4.7 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen late, in the south of the CCR in the second decade of July. This variety is especially valued for its high palatability of fruits, their dry separation and high transportability.

Prima. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. Tree of medium size or vigorous with a rounded crown, durable. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the Chernozem region is high. Productivity is average, not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 20-25kg, the maximum is up to 84kg. The fruits are medium, weighing 3-4g, rounded, dark cherry. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4 points. The juice is dark red. Fruit ripening later, in the conditions of the south of the Central Chernobyl at the end of the second decade of July. The fruits are able to remain on the tree for a long time, up to September, without losing their qualities. Among the disadvantages of the variety should be attributed increased sensitivity to moniliosis.

Lyubskaya. This old Russian variety of folk selection, also known as Apukhtinskaya, has not lost its value to this day, primarily due to its annual high yield. The tree is stunted, 2-2.5 m tall, short-lived. The winter hardiness of a tree in the Chernozem region is high, in the Non-Chernozem zone it is only medium, and flower buds are high. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, heart-shaped, dark red. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour with astringency, mediocre taste, tasting score 3.5 points. The juice is dark red. The variety is more suitable for technical processing. The fruits ripen late in the south of the CCR in the third decade of July and are able to remain on the tree for a long time. A big disadvantage of the variety is its high sensitivity to coccomycosis, therefore, when growing it, it is imperative to provide for a system of protective measures against this disease.

Publication region: Central