Sealant for concrete rings is waterproof. How to waterproof concrete rings. Drinking water well insulation

Sealing the inner surface

First of all, it is worth finding out when it is necessary to carry out sealing. concrete wells.

So, it is necessary in the following cases:

if the water began to smell unpleasant and turned cloudy (this applies to drinking wells);
when the concrete rings moved out;
when the liquid level in the structure has risen significantly.

How can I seal a concrete well from rings?

There are several ways to seal seams, these include:

application of plaster;
the use of roll material (after application, it is painted);
putty with a mixture (gasoline + bitumen);
inserts in the structure.

It is also worth noting that two mixtures are used for the plastering process (the first: waterproof, which does not shrink; the second: high-quality pozzolanic).

Let's take a closer look at how to putty seams.

First method: plastering

Application of plaster

For work, a special gun is required.

Lay the first layer of the composition. Its thickness must be at least 7 cm.
They begin to coat the second time only after the first layer is completely dry. It usually takes about two weeks to dry.

If you carry out work in the summer (especially in the heat), then in the process of laying a layer of cement with an interval of three hours, the mixture must be doused with cold water. In cool weather, it is enough to pour over the solution with water once a day.

On a note: It is possible to get to work (apply layers of mortar) only if the air temperature does not fall below five degrees.

The second method: the use of roll material (roofing material)

Ruberoid is used for pasting the surface. Apply such material first once, then the second (or more). This method is mainly used for septic tanks.

The third method: the use of a mixture of bitumen + gasoline

This method involves laying the mixture in three layers.

First of all, it is worth noting that the composition of the mixture of the first layer differs from the remaining two. For the initial coating, a composition of ¼ is used (a smaller part is bitumen, a large part is gasoline). For the remaining two layers, a 1:1 ratio is used.

Fourth method: inserts

Fluid is pumped out of the structure. The roof is removed. The pipes are removed (more precisely, their ends). As a result, the hole becomes larger in diameter.
Load the insert. A branch pipe is pre-welded to it, which is fastened with a coupling to the track.
The insert is filled with water.
Pour the composition into the resulting space.

In this case, the liquid level should be 20 cm above the level of the mixture.

What material to use to seal the well from the concrete rings from the inside?

bentonite cord

Currently, there are many different sealants that are used for concrete rings well.

Seams in the well can be sealed with foam, inserts, sealing tapes, concrete mortars and other substances / devices that can be found on the construction market.

Advice: Seal the seams with sealing tape is the easiest. Such material is capable of sealing a seam seven millimeters thick.

However, most owners of private houses prefer to use a solution consisting of cement and PVA glue to seal joints in concrete wells. After mixing the two components, a thick composition is obtained. A spatula is used to putty such a solution.

Do-it-yourself sealing from the inside of the well. Technology

Water is pumped out of the structure. This can be done with a pump or by hand. Pumping continues until there is Bottom part joint. Until the process of sealing the seams is completed, it is necessary to monitor the water level.
The surface is cleaned of dirt and other foreign bodies. Weaknesses and vulnerabilities are identified.
The slots are torn off to a depth of 30 mm. To do this, use a metal brush.
The joints of the links are embroidered to a depth of 25 mm. If water began to penetrate, then the seams should be covered immediately.
With the help of mixtures, all existing cracks and holes are closed.
Apply insulating material.
The insulating substance is applied in two layers.

Bottom sealing

well bottoms

To create the desired centering of the lower link, it is necessary to lower the plate with the crest on the bottom. The resulting seam is smeared. This process can be done in several ways:

Until the first link has been installed, an insulating cord is put in its place. Under the influence of moisture, it increases in volume, as a result of which all seams are securely clogged.
This process can also be carried out using roll material. The bottom is cleaned of dirt. Then a bitumen composition is applied, which is subsequently covered with a rolled material. For reliable protection, lay the material in several layers. After that, the bottom is covered with gravel, ten centimeters high.
To seal the seam between the bottom and the link, you can use a concrete composition. After application, this place is glued with tape.

Joints between rings

In order to avoid problems in the future, before you start laying the rings, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the inner walls.

Attention: It is worth noting that the methods of sealing are practically the same. To do this, use either a coating or roll coating(for the outside).

Video about waterproofing seams and repairing a well

The use of concrete rings for arranging wells for various purposes is a classic method that has been used for decades. It is built on the fact that separate concrete rings are installed on top of each other in a shaft dug in advance. The result is a fairly strong hydraulic structure, the only weak point which protrude butt sections between the rings. Waterproofing of a well from concrete rings is carried out separately, using special materials and technologies for this. If this procedure is not followed, the concrete shaft will gradually collapse. If we are talking about a drinking well, then the quality of the water will be low due to dirt penetrating from the outside.

Open slots in the well, and dirt getting into them will significantly reduce the quality drinking water Source yamoburoff.ru

The purpose of waterproofing wells

Most often, wells made of concrete rings can be found in suburban construction, where there are no centralized water supply or sewage lines.

The purpose of the wells may differ:

drinking. In the process of their operation, there is a gradual loss of tightness of the well shaft. As a result, initially pure water begins to be polluted with particles of earth, clay, mineral salts, and external drains. All this is brought inside the structure by means of groundwater and rainwater. To avoid such situations, drinking wells must be equipped with reliable external waterproofing.

Sewer (septic tanks). Designed to collect and store waste products from home and garden. Therefore, the task of waterproofing measures in this case is to prevent the spread of harmful effluents outside the hydraulic structure.

Viewing (technical). Facilitate the maintenance of water pipes, sewers, etc. Various equipment is placed in this type of mine (shut-off valves, pumps, pressure gauges). For these devices to work efficiently, the manhole must be completely dry.

Source svoidomstroim.ru

High-quality waterproofing of the seams of the well from concrete rings will be required in each of the above cases. This will create protection in the path of water movement from the upper soil layer, and in the case of septic tanks, it will protect the surrounding soil from pollution by toxic effluents.

Ways to increase the moisture resistance of concrete rings

There are the following methods of waterproofing concrete wells:

Constructive. Treatment of concrete rings with hydrophobic impregnations directly at the factory, after the products have hardened.

Technological. The use of special techniques for compacting concrete poured into molds is envisaged. We are talking about centrifugation, vibrocompression and removal of moisture by the vacuum method.

Increasing the hydraulic resistance of cement. It is possible to increase the resistance of concrete rings to moisture through the introduction of special water repellents into the composition of the solution. The specificity of the action of these substances lies in their swelling and blockage of pores and microcracks as the concrete hardens.

The use of these methods increases the cost of reinforced concrete rings. A cheaper option is the sealing of the walls and butt sections between the individual elements of the well shaft.

Sometimes it’s easier and cheaper to just cover up the internal joints, but no one can guarantee how effective and durable it will be. Source domvpavlino.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of water supply and sewerage. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Waterproofing works

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings, if it is already finished, can be carried out from the inside or outside. To achieve an enhanced protective effect, it is recommended to use two methods at once.

Outdoor waterproofing

The main purpose of this procedure is to eliminate the impact of groundwater on the outer walls of the well. It is most convenient to implement it at the stage of laying the rings, otherwise you will have to dig out the finished barrel manually. Sewer and manholes it is necessary to expose completely, and drinking - 50 cm from the water level mark. The air temperature during work should not be lower than +5 degrees.

Waterproofing a well from concrete rings from the outside is carried out in the following sequence:

Foundation preparation. In order for waterproofing materials to hold well, they are applied to a dry base. This means that the existing well will have to be drained first. Next, a careful examination of the outer walls is carried out: they must be cleaned of dirt, salt accumulations and loose concrete. All protruding parts of the metal reinforcement of the rings are treated with an anti-corrosion compound. The joints must be expanded and deepened for further laying of the sealant. This also applies to detected cracks with a length of 20 mm or more.

Source pt.decorexpro.com

Primer. The cleaned and dried outer walls are impregnated with a primer. The brand of composition used depends on the type of well. Drinking facilities are treated with safe ready-made impregnations. For inspection and sewer shafts, a bitumen-gasoline solution is suitable. The priming of the seams is carried out more carefully: they are pre-glued with a special tape sealant. Thanks to this, additional tightness of the joints is achieved.

Alignment of the outer surface of the rings. To seal cracks, drops and chips, a repair sand-cement mixture reinforced with PVA glue.

Laying waterproofing. The most popular material for outdoor protection are bituminous rolls. In this case, tar mastic acts as an adhesive: the surface treated with it is tightly wrapped several times with strips of waterproofing. The joints between the individual sections of the winding are additionally treated with mastic.

Sealing of external seams. For these purposes, special penetrating compounds are often used, before applying which the primer can be omitted (it is replaced with plain water).

Source ko.decorexpro.com

Completion of the procedure. After waiting for the finished walls of the well to dry, they are covered with earth. As the recommended protection against atmospheric precipitation, a clay castle and a concrete pavement are used.

Internal waterproofing

The process of waterproofing a well from groundwater from the inside is in many ways reminiscent of exterior finish. In the case of a working well, preliminary pumping out of water and drying of concrete walls will also be required. Next, the search and removal of contaminants and unstable areas is carried out. All found chips, cracks and depressions are embroidered and sealed. The seams between the rings deserve special attention: they must be deepened by completely removing old mortar. When the leveled areas and joints are dry, the inner surface is completely covered with a waterproofing material. Reliable protection against moisture is achieved with a two-layer laying of the mixture.

The interior decoration of wells is allowed to be carried out using the following materials:

Cement putties.

Molten bitumen.

Cement-polymer mortar.

polymer compositions.

Source padovasport.tv

The first and second methods are the most inexpensive, but they are only allowed to be used for waterproofing sewer wells. Drinking hydraulic structures are usually treated with polymeric compositions.

Seam sealing

The waterproofing of the butt sections of a concrete well should be discussed separately. Modern well shafts are mainly constructed from rings with locks (the so-called "tongue-and-groove" connection). This greatly simplifies the vertical alignment of the barrel, since the rings are no longer able to move to the sides. In addition, the butt sections receive proper strength and tightness even without additional waterproofing.

Video description

Visually about the repair and waterproofing of wells from reinforced concrete rings, see the video:

To achieve the durability of the protection of seams from moisture, do the following:

Carry out alignment. The cause of leakage at the joints may be a misalignment of the rings. To avoid this, a ridge plate is laid at the bottom of the well, which ensures the alignment of the prefabricated shaft.

Lay the connecting sections between the individual rings cord. The sealants "Gidroizol M" and "Barrier" have proven themselves well in this regard.

Carry out internal and external coating of seams. For interior work, it is recommended to use special compounds, such as AQUAMAT-ELASTIC (manufacturer - ISOMAT). From the outside, joints are allowed to be sealed with coating materials based on bitumen and rubber.

Fully waterproofed wells on the outside will last longer Source beton-house.com

Results

The durability and quality of functioning of prefabricated wells made of concrete rings directly depends on high-quality waterproofing. This procedure is recommended to be carried out construction works, as well as in those cases when the depressurization of the mine occurred during operation. In any case, this should be done by professionals who have the skills to work at height.

Concrete rings, due to their low cost and ease of installation, have become very popular in the construction of cleaning and sewage systems. Rings are used in the construction of collectors, septic tanks, pipelines, all kinds of wells (for drinking water, drainage, receiving, inspection, etc.). Concrete rings have a number of advantages and features:

Durability - service life reaches several tens of years;
High rates of strength and frost resistance make it possible to withstand heavy loads;
Low cost makes concrete rings available to a wide range of customers;
High speed and manufacturability of the installation.

At the same time, one should not forget that for the safe and reliable operation of concrete rings, it is necessary to perform their waterproofing.

Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings

All concrete structures buried in the ground need reliable protection from moisture and other aggressive environmental factors. Well waterproofing with drinking water will be able to protect water from harmful substances penetrating along with groundwater and, on the contrary, waterproofing of sewer wells will protect the soil from sewage.

The reason for the waterproofing device is many factors:

Corrosion of reinforcement of reinforced concrete rings, which leads to a decrease in the bearing capacity of the structure.
The destruction of concrete, as a result of which the structure will last several times less than the prescribed period.
Erosion and destruction of the joints of concrete rings can become a threat to infiltration Wastewater and contaminants in the surrounding soil.
Ground water will cause premature filling of the structure, since concrete without waterproofing is able to pass water.

Thus, properly performed waterproofing of concrete rings will significantly extend their service life, but at the same time, to protect them, it is necessary to choose not only effective, but also safe materials, since such structures can directly interact with drinking water.

Methods for waterproofing wells made of concrete rings

Work on the protection and waterproofing of wells from concrete rings can be divided into two main methods:

External waterproofing device;
Internal waterproofing device.

External waterproofing is recommended to be performed at the stage of installation of concrete rings, when the concrete surfaces are still clean and dry. Internal waterproofing is the best option for protecting existing and operating structures.

The device of external waterproofing for existing structures is impractical and very time-consuming, and often simply impossible process, since a significant amount of earthworks will have to be performed.

At the same time, both of these types of waterproofing can be performed simultaneously, which will maximize the protection of both the structure and the soil from pollution.

Types of waterproofing materials used

The most commonly used materials for waterproofing concrete rings include:

Roll materials are bitumen-polymer mastics applied on a fabric base, used for pasting waterproofing.
Coating compositions are bituminous mixtures and mastics that create a thin waterproof layer when applied.
Sprayed compositions are bitumen-polymer materials applied by spraying using special equipment.
Penetrating compounds are specialized materials that form insoluble crystalline hydrates in the thickness of the concrete, making the concrete absolutely waterproof.

Bitumen-based waterproofing materials are not very durable, as they do not tolerate sub-zero temperatures and large temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it is better to use them when installing external waterproofing.

The use of penetrating compounds will provide durable waterproofing - for the entire service life of the structure, and their use is equally effective both from the outside and from the inside of the structure, regardless of the direction of water pressure.

Waterproofing materials of the Penetron system - a comprehensive solution for waterproofing concrete rings

The Penetron system of penetrating waterproofing materials offers a comprehensive solution for waterproofing concrete rings:

1. Waterproofing of static joints and joints of concrete rings

For waterproofing static cracks, seams, joints and junctions of concrete rings, a non-shrinking sealing material "Penecrit" is used. This material creates a reliable waterproofing of the joint of two rings, turning it into a single monolithic structure.

2. Waterproofing of moving seams and joints of concrete rings

For the waterproofing of moving joints, joints and junctions of concrete rings, the system of materials "Peneband C" is used, consisting of:

Elastic waterproof membrane "Peneband C";

Two-component epoxy adhesive "Penepoxy 2K".

3. Ensuring water tightness of concrete rings

For waterproofing and ensuring water tightness of concrete rings, penetron waterproofing material is used. After processing the concrete ring with the Penetron material, the chemically active part of the material penetrates deep into the concrete body, forming a network of insoluble crystalline hydrates, which become integral part concrete structure and prevent water filtration even in the presence of high hydrostatic pressure.
Such a comprehensive solution to the problem of waterproofing concrete rings using the system of penetrating waterproofing materials "Penetron" allows you to create a reliable and durable waterproofing of wells from concrete rings, both at the stage of their installation and during the operation of the well.

In conclusion, it is necessary to note one more advantage of using materials of the Penetron system, in addition to the technical ones already mentioned - an economic advantage. Consumption of waterproofing material penetrating action "Penetron" when applied in two layers on concrete rings does not exceed 1 kg per 1 sq.m.

Thus, the cost of waterproofing concrete rings "by material" does not exceed the price of the "Penetron" material for 1 kg - 290 rubles. This distinguishes the Penetron system from “traditional” waterproofing, since when using “traditional” bitumen-based waterproofing materials, they must be laid in 2 or even 3 layers, plus mandatory preliminary priming with bituminous mastic. As a result, the cost of such waterproofing " by material "significantly exceeds the cost of the material" Penetron "

Wells made of reinforced concrete rings need to be insulated after their construction. The waterproofing of a septic tank from concrete rings is conditionally divided into the insulation of the bottom and the rings themselves and the sealing of the seams between them. Consider the need for such a process, as well as the types of insulating materials.

Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings

The main reasons why such ring wells require mandatory waterproofing are as follows:

Waters, especially aggressive environments of septic tanks, lead to leaching (destruction) of concrete;
Corrosion of unprotected reinforcing cage;
It is possible for the well to overflow with rising groundwater. In addition to overflowing the well, they also lead to the destruction of concrete structures;
Seepage from inside the well of fecal fluid into the soil. This causes her infection. There is an unpleasant odor in the area around it.

For these reasons, sealing the structure is more beneficial than periodic overhaul.

Septic tanks

Polymer-cement mixtures. Waterproofing a septic tank from concrete rings with polymer-cement mixtures (for example, cement-coating) is cheaper than using bituminous materials. They also have a longer service life. This waterproofing of the septic tank is applied with a brush on the rings in two layers using the “wet on wet” method, i.e. application of the second layer does not require drying of the first.

Popular waterproofing brands include: Penetron, Penekrit, Lakhta, Hydrotex, Bastion RB 1, Tekmadray, Hydrostop, Aquastop. Insulation work is carried out in accordance with the instructions attached to them.

The current opinion about the uselessness of waterproofing concrete septic tanks can be easily refuted next spring. Therefore, do not rely on chance. Get the insulation done right and you won't have to redo the well any time soon.

The construction of a well is always accompanied by the protection and strengthening of the walls with waterproof materials. If the design is based on reinforced concrete rings, then they will show reliability, durability and hygiene, because the material does not contribute to the formation of bacteria. The system will protect against seepage of soil and, but only if it is sufficiently protected. Therefore, at the construction stage, waterproofing of the well from concrete rings must be carried out.

The need for work

Concrete does not collapse from exposure to moisture. The main feature of this material is that it passes water well if it has not been waterproofed. Because of this, the properties of the structure will be exposed to moisture, in contact with wet concrete, this includes metal and wood. Rust will grow along the reinforcement, deforming it and making it less durable. This causes the destruction of the entire structure.

It is necessary to waterproof the well from concrete rings in order to exclude the ability of the material to absorb moisture. Reinforced concrete rings are subjected to such protection even at the production stage. Typically, suppliers use the following waterproofing methods:

constructive;
technological;
use of waterproof cement.

The first technique involves the treatment of products with water-repellent substances after manufacture. At the production stage, technological waterproofing is used, this should include the technology of compacting concrete, which is still in the forms. The material is subjected to centrifugation, vibrocompression and vacuum removal of excess moisture.

Moisture protection can also be provided by adding various water repellents to concrete. These ingredients begin to work after the concrete hardens, swell and clog pores and microcracks. This provides the concrete with the ability to withstand moisture. These measures contribute to the rise in the cost of reinforced concrete rings, but if you decide to save on rings, then it is important to seal the seams and joints between structural elements. This will provide long-term protection against rot, corrosion, mold and mildew.

Waterproofing materials

Waterproofing a concrete ring well may involve the use of one or more materials. They can be classified according to internal and external purposes. Last option involves the use clay castle, but this method cannot be called the only one. Internal insulation is the processing of the following types of materials:

injection;
penetrating;
coating.

Before waterproofing a well from concrete rings, it is important to correctly determine the method of protection, which depends on the degree of mineralization of groundwater. A private developer does not have the opportunity to choose some technologies, because they involve the use of special equipment.

Waterproofing methods: injection waterproofing

The dimensions of concrete rings are not the only thing that is important to choose for correct operation systems. It also needs to be waterproof. Injectable materials - this is the case when you should seek help from specialists. Waterproofing of this kind is an expensive pleasure, but it will not have to be done again, because the material is ready to last exactly as long as the entire structure will be in use.

Polymer compounds are pumped into the material, clog cracks and pores. The advantages of this method of moisture protection are:

the possibility of using for insulation of new structures;
the possibility of repairing the waterproofing of the well;
no need for surface preparation;
the ability to eliminate gushing and pressure leaks.

However, such a waterproofing of the well from groundwater also has some disadvantages, among them the high cost and the need to use high-pressure pumping equipment should be highlighted.

Use of penetrating materials

This technique is an example of a unique principle where the power of water is used to defend against attacks. Water repellent particles crystallize under the influence of water and clog pores. With an increase in humidity, moisture protection becomes more reliable, because the waterproofing hardens much faster. To carry out such work, you can use the following types of materials:

"Remstream-T".
"Infiltron-100".
"Penetron".
"Penecrete".

Hard elastic coating materials

You can use this solution for waterproofing wells, pools and foundations. Application is carried out on prepared substrates, and then the material is left until it dries. After that, the waterproofing acquires:

elasticity;
high tensile strength;
resistance to low temperatures.

The most popular solution on the domestic market is the Spanish product Tekmadray Elast, which is a two-component coating. DuPont products are also well established, as is the Italian Mapei. If you want to save money, then you should purchase the Russian Rastro waterproofing, which will cost less than foreign analogues. Waterproofing the seams of the well can be done using a sealant in the form of a tape, such as Rubber Elast.

Well waterproofing technology outside

During the construction of a well, external waterproofing measures are usually carried out. If we are talking about the need to protect the old structure, then a fairly large amount of earthwork will have to be carried out. For this, roll materials are usually used, for example, roofing material. However, penetrating protection can also be applied.

The surface must be prepared. External walls structures open up. To do this, dig the earth around the well 4 m deep. The base is free of contaminants. If you have to work with an old structure, then you can see some parts of the reinforcement that have been exposed during operation. They should be cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

If the waterproofing of the well is being repaired, then the walls must be covered with soil, you can use Betonkontakt or a bitumen-rubber composition, which have proven themselves well, as well as a cement-sand mortar, to which PVA glue is added. The composition is left to dry, and then bituminous or tar mastic is applied to it. Ruberoid is glued on its surface, the seams between the sheets should be smeared with mastic. When choosing penetrating insulation, the stage of priming the walls should be abandoned. They are moistened and smeared with "Penetron", leaving for three days to dry. The surface should be moistened periodically.

Internal waterproofing

Waterproofing the well from the inside should be started after pumping out the water. It is important to ensure that the level does not rise until the work is completed. Internal surfaces are cleaned with a wire brush, it is important to remove dirt, moss and loose concrete. Slots and joints should be cleaned and deepened, only after that you can proceed to waterproofing measures.

If leaks open during this, then they can be sealed with Aquafix or analogues of this substance. For cracks, Megacret-40 repair compound is excellent. As soon as the layers dry, the walls of the well must be moistened and applied using a wide brush. The technology assumes compliance with SNiP, the waterproofing of a well from concrete rings, according to the rules, is applied with the first layer on a moistened surface. The second layer should be applied without moisture. It will take days for the materials to solidify, at this time it is important to ensure that the water does not rise.

More about waterproofing with bituminous materials

Waterproofing a well from concrete rings with bituminous mastic is carried out quite often. This technology is most suitable for outdoor protection. The surface is prepared, cleaned and coated with a primer that will be able to provide a good degree of adhesion. For sewerage and technological facilities, a composition of three parts of gasoline and part of bitumen can be used. In order to achieve High Quality waterproofing, the seams should additionally be glued with bentonite-rubber tape. Instead, CeresitCL 152 tape is sometimes used.

After drying, you can start repairing the rings, repairing chips, cracks and potholes. To do this, use a cement mortar. After that, the surface is primed again, coated with tar mastic, because the bituminous one can crack, after that you can start gluing the rolled waterproofing in 3 layers. All seams and joints are recommended to be treated with mastic and covered with soil. Around the concrete well after subsidence of the soil, it is better to make a blind area.

Conclusion

Before starting sewerage work, you should familiarize yourself with the dimensions of the concrete rings. For example, the diameter depends on the type of construction and can vary from 70 to 200 cm. As for the height, it is on average 50 cm. But the parameters of the rings are not the only thing to consider before installing the well. It is also important to comply with SNiP 3.05.04-85, which contains recommendations for waterproofing.

Well waterproofing is one of the most difficult types of waterproofing work. Without high-quality waterproofing of concrete rings, structures made of them are of little use as a source of drinking water. Special requirements for septic tanks and drinking wells allow the use of only a limited range of materials that do not pose a danger to humans and environment. This article discusses the waterproofing of a well from concrete rings.

A well is an indispensable attribute of a suburban, rural, summer cottage. According to their purpose, wells are of three types:

1. Wells for drinking water. Over time, the walls of the well gradually lose their waterproofing properties and particles of soil and clay, products of agricultural and other activities, ground salts and much more get into clean water. That is why a very high quality external waterproofing is required for this type of wells.
2. Sewer well or septic tank. In this case, the hydroprotection should work differently - to prevent contamination of the soil surrounding the well.
3. Technological (dry) well for servicing the water supply and sanitation system. We can say that this is a kind of technical premises in which various systems such as water supply. There should be no moisture in such wells and high-quality waterproofing should be both inside and outside.

Each of the three types of wells must have completely sealed walls so that the external moisture of their upper soil layers does not get inside, or vice versa - contaminated water does not seep into the ground from the septic tank. To do this, it is imperative to perform such measures as waterproofing the well, especially if it is built of concrete rings. The fact is that, depending on the number of rings, there will be the same number of circular seams in the well through which water exchange will occur.

Figure #1. drinking well

If these requirements are not observed, the consequences can be very unpleasant - from poisoning with poor-quality water to pollution of water-bearing levels, surrounding water bodies or failure of water supply equipment.

Drinking well waterproofing excludes the most effective materials, such as bitumen-polymer mastics, as they give the water an unpleasant taste and are potentially hazardous to health.

If it is planned to place both a septic tank and a septic tank on your site, then keep in mind that the distance from the well to the septic tank should be at least 15 meters. Most importantly, the septic tank should be located below the well along the terrain.

Causes of possible leaks in concrete wells

Water can penetrate into the well or from the inside to the outside not only through the joints between the rings. Also problematic is the place where the pipe enters, leaks through poor-quality waterproofing of the bottom, or cracks that occur, which can be provoked by improper installation, poor-quality concrete or temperature changes in winter. Another one common cause leaks of sewer concrete wells - a constant aggressive environment, due to which the concrete is gradually destroyed - and moisture seeps out.

Therefore, the waterproofing of the well must be performed both from the inside of the walls and from the outside.

Figure #2. Waterproofing of a well from concrete rings

External waterproofing of the well

The sealing of the walls of the wells from the outside is carried out in the same way for all types. External waterproofing of the well is carried out up to the upper edge of the well.

Preparation work can be performed at an air temperature of at least + 5 degrees.

It is most convenient to install the waterproofing of the well from the outside at the construction stage. Otherwise, you will have to carry out a significant amount of earthwork and completely open the walls of the well.

Figure #3. External waterproofing of the seams of concrete rings of the well

Surface preparation

Also, digging a well may be necessary when performing repair work. The depth of soil removal should be at least 3-4 meters.

An existing well must first be drained. Drainage of the walls of the well - is carried out until the dark spots on the concrete disappear. AT rainy weather the well must be protected from precipitation.

Loose concrete should be removed with a chipper. The outer surface is thoroughly cleaned: dirt, overgrown moss, salt deposits, etc. are removed. If metal parts are exposed during cleaning of the surface, then they must be carefully processed - remove rust and cover with an anti-corrosion solution.

Around the places where there are seams and cracks, at a distance of up to 2 cm, it is necessary to make a recess in the concrete to a depth of about 2.5 cm. This will increase the contact area of the concrete surface with the sealant.

Figure #4. External waterproofing of the well with bituminous mastic

Waterproofing with bituminous materials

For external waterproofing of the well, rolled bituminous materials and bituminous mastics are most often used.

1. The initially prepared surface is coated with a primer to ensure good adhesion. For wells with drinking water, it is necessary to use a ready-made safe composition (for example, a primer composition of the Betokontakt type). For technological and sewerage facilities, a composition of 1 part of bitumen and 3 parts of gasoline can be used.
2. If you want to make a very high-quality waterproofing, then additionally the seams can be glued with a special bentonite-rubber tape or CeresitCL 152 tape.
3. After the primer dries, the repair of concrete rings begins: cracks, chips and potholes are repaired - the surface should be as even as possible. To fill the voids of damaged concrete rings, a cement mortar or a cement-sand composition with the addition of PVA glue in a ratio of 5 to 1 is useful.
4. After the cement has dried, the surface is primed again.
5. The next step will be the direct installation of waterproofing. For this, the walls of the well are coated with tar mastic, since bitumen tends to crack.
6. Then rolled waterproofing is glued in 3 layers, no less.
7. Further, all seams and joints of the insulating material are treated with mastic and the soil around is filled up. After its subsidence, a blind area is necessarily made around the concrete well.

This work must be done with respiratory protection, and then well ventilate the well.

Figure #5. Waterproofing "Penetron"

Application of penetrating waterproofing

A clay castle is not needed if there is stone, sand, peat after the fertile soil layer. In this case, only rain and melt water must be drained, which in turn prevents the ingress of surface water directly into the storage area of the well.

Figure #7. Preparing clay for a clay castle

Clay castle is performed to a level just above ground level. Top around the well, you can lay tiles or gravel.

Video #1. Arrangement of a clay castle

Work on the arrangement of the clay castle should be carried out in dry, warm weather. In this case, the soil most often used is the one that remained during construction. Clay must be selected very carefully: there should be no stones, as well as sand.

Initially, the upper fertile layer is removed no more than 1-2 m around the well. Compaction is carried out in several successive stages. Each stage consists in creating a thin clay layer with a slight slope in relation to the walls of the well. The clay is wetted and rammed hard into a small ball that fits in the palm of your hand. So ball by ball, the clay is laid along the walls and is strongly pressed. Such clay does not allow water to reach the walls, but makes it drain to the sides. In order for the clay to be laid with maximum effect, the thickness of each layer should be 12-15 cm. The initial layers of clay must be compacted very well. The dimensions of the clay castle should be in the range of 2 to 3 meters from the walls of the well.

Figure #8. Arrangement concrete blind area around the well

Concrete pavement

If you rush to concrete the area around the deck without waiting for the soil to shrink, then in 2-3 years the water in the well during the flood and after each rain will be cloudy. Your well will turn into drainage well. If a clay castle is broken at the well, then in a few years it will be simply dangerous to drink from such a well.

Video #2. Internal waterproofing of the well

Internal waterproofing of the well

Internal insulation is carried out after the construction of the well and the device of the bottom. If you need to seal from the inside old well, then the water must be pumped out, and the concrete walls must be dried well, since most insulation materials must be applied to dry surfaces.

You can perform work using the following waterproofing compounds:

- special cement putty;
- molten bitumen or bitumen-gasoline composition;
- cement-polymer mixture;
- bitumen-polymer composition;
- polymeric waterproofing.

The first two methods are the cheapest, but they can only be used for sewer concrete wells. Compositions with bitumen should never come into contact with drinking water.

If, during the preparation of the walls for insulation, outside water leaks are observed from the inside, use the so-called hydraulic plug - the AQUAFIX or Peneplug instant-hardening cement composition. This will allow you to perform all the necessary operations for waterproofing the well with high quality.

AQUAFIX is a fast-setting hydraulic solution for stopping water leaks instantly, which has a flow rate of approx. 1.6 kg/l.

Figure #9. Hydroplug AQUAFIX

"Peneplug" is a dry building mixture, which consists of special cement, quartz sand of a certain granulometry and patented active chemical additives. "Peneplug" is used for the instant elimination of pressure leaks in structures made of concrete, brick, natural stone and has a flow rate of about 1.9 kg / l.

Work performance technology

Preparatory work in general is similar to work with external waterproofing of a well: the well must be drained and kept dry throughout the entire period of repair work, clean and prepare the surface.

Joints, cracks and cracks must be carefully gouged to a shallow depth of up to 20-25 mm and thoroughly cleaned with a metal brush with a hard bristle.

Figure #10. Coating waterproofing AQUAMAT-ELASTIC

All potholes must be repaired with a cement-polymer mixture and wait for the solution to dry completely, and then proceed to the final stage of work. At the end, it is necessary to cover the surface of the well with coating waterproofing in two layers. Follow the instructions in the instructions for the material. Our experts recommend using the special AQUAMAT-ELASTIC compound from ISOMAT.

Overview of materials

cement mix- there are ready-made dry mixes on sale, which you only need to dilute with water according to the instructions and apply in several passes so that a layer of about 0.7 cm is obtained. The composition should dry for several days, so the surface must be moistened several times a day, and the well itself must be closed lid. The service life of such insulation does not exceed 15 years. For example, such mixtures are manufactured by the manufacturer LITOKOL.

Bitumen-gasoline painting- the composition is prepared by their components in equal quantities. It must be applied in three layers with a break of 12 hours. Observe safety regulations. This option, as well as bitumen-polymer mixtures, is valid for use only in sewer wells. The service life is short - 5-10 years. Fused rolled insulation can properly serve up to 30 years.

Cement-polymer mixtures- this is the most affordable of modern effective waterproofing materials. The best for today is the ISOMAT system. It includes the already named AQUAFIX hydraulic plug, a modified MEGACRET-40 repair compound for sealing cracks and grouting joints, and a finishing two-component elastic mixture of cement and polymeric materials, which must be applied by coating with a layer of up to 0.3 cm. This composition is completely inert, environmentally friendly safe, does not affect water quality in any way.

Figure #11. Repair compound MEGACRET-40 for sealing cracks and grouting joints

The same high-quality result can be obtained using inexpensive non-shrinking coating "Penecrete" or "Penetron Admix". It is applied in 3 layers with a spatula. The service life of cement-polymer waterproofing is about 40-50 years.

A more expensive option is the two-component composition CeresitCR 166, which has increased elasticity. It should be applied in two layers, on the first before hardening it is necessary to lay a reinforcing fiberglass mesh. The service life of this waterproofing exceeds 60 years.

Polymer waterproofing mixtures is the most expensive, but also the most effective method, since the polymer membranes that are installed on special mastics are very elastic. If your well is unstable, deformations and new cracks may appear, then you should not save money, but purchase polymer waterproofing. The most attractive price / quality ratio for domestic products of the TechnoNIKOL trademark. In this case, for at least 40 years, you will not be bothered by leaks in the well.

Features of waterproofing a septic tank and a technological well

The device of a multi-chamber waste septic tank assumes the presence of several successive wells. So the last of them does not need to be waterproofed, because the essence of filtration is that the water goes into the ground as much as possible. Since it is an excellent biofilter, a small amount of wastewater will not bring harm. But, anyway, you must first consult with the environmental service - they may have their own restrictions.

But from what the septic tank must be very carefully protected, it is from the ingress of rain and melt water. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully seal all the joints between the elements.

Since the maintenance well must be completely dry, both external and internal insulation must be carried out.

Video #3. Waterproofing the well from the inside

Waterproofing of joints of rings

For the construction of wells, rings with locks are usually used. The lock is called the groove on the ring at the top and bottom. When the rings are lowered into the well, they stand on top of each other, which is called “groove to groove”, a kind of “lock” is obtained, thanks to which it is easier to align the shaft vertically, and it is more difficult for the rings to move to the side. The advantage of rings with a lock is that a strong and tight connection of the rings is ensured and there is no need to additionally seal the joints between the rings. However, it will not be superfluous to cover the joint with cement mortar.

Figure #12. Waterproofing joints of concrete rings

It is necessary to start work with bottom insulation, after installing the ridge plate and the first ring. A special plate with a comb is installed at the bottom of the well, which is needed for the correct centering of the first ring.

Waterproofing of the joints of the concrete rings of the well is carried out inside and outside. Between the rings (as well as between the first ring and the bottom) it is necessary to install a gasket cord (“Gidroizol M” or bentonite-rubber “Barrier”).

Inside, the joints can be waterproofed using the same AQUAMAT-ELASTIC coating waterproofing from ISOMAT, and on the outside, using a bituminous or rubber-based coating waterproofing, as well as rolled waterproofing, for example, the most common roofing material is suitable.

Video number 4. Well construction rules

Conclusion

After reading this article, one can draw an obvious conclusion - the waterproofing of a well is not a very simple matter, which is best entrusted to a competent and reliable specialist, and not to do it yourself.

Without high-quality waterproofing of concrete rings, structures made of them are of little use as a source of drinking water. Only the organization of a protective layer will help prevent organic matter, groundwater sand from getting inside the well, as well as significantly extend the service life and prevent the destruction of the internal reinforcement of the reinforced concrete structure.

Widespread in our country, wells made of reinforced concrete rings have one significant drawback. The lack of rigid adhesion between adjacent structural elements, uneven edges and the tendency of concrete to crack result in a serious problem - the penetration of groundwater into the well shaft, the so-called perch. To prevent contamination of the source, it is necessary not only to properly seal the seams between the rings, but also to revise and repair defective areas.

Causes of leaks

The technology of building wells with shafts from modular reinforced concrete structures involves the installation of rings on a sand-cement mortar. Filling all the irregularities of the joint between the upper and lower rings, the building mixture must create a reliable barrier to melt and groundwater.

Contrary to popular belief, sealing with mortar from sand and cement is also needed for interlocked well modules. The presence of the latter prevents the displacement of the rings, but does not protect the joint from leakage.

Speaking about leaks between well rings, most often they recall the deterioration in the quality of drinking water, completely forgetting about the danger of the gradual destruction of the well shaft.

It should be noted that such a primitive waterproofing gives a positive result - the drinking spring shaft remains dry. However, the absence of leaks in the first years of operation is no guarantee that this idyll will continue forever.

As a rule, even on stable soils, after 4-5 years, the surface of the concrete shaft is covered with wet spots, which soon turn into dirty streaks and streams. You should not blame yourself or the builders for the fact that the work was done incorrectly. Most often, leakage occurs for completely different reasons:

A simple mortar is not designed for use in such harsh conditions. Constant humidity, temperature fluctuations and exposure to salts dissolved in water contribute to its cracking and destruction.
If a well is dug in a site with pronounced seasonal soil movements, then its trunk is subjected to regular mechanical stress. As a result, one can observe not only cracks at the joints, but also the mutual displacement of concrete rings in the horizontal plane.
In the northern regions, the upper rings are exposed to the forces of frost heaving. Because of this, they can not only move horizontally, but also move up and down.
Force majeure, expressed in the displacement or subsidence of the rings due to the appearance of a quicksand.
Poor-quality materials - rings made in violation of technology may appear over time various defects– through cracks, chipped areas, etc.

The waterproofing of the well should be taken care of even at the stage of its construction - in the future it will save a lot of time and effort

If the well is being built with the simultaneous laying of rings, then very often even simple sealing with mortar is not performed. And in this and in other cases, it will be necessary to carry out a set of measures for reliable waterproofing of joints.

Methods for sealing joints in a well from precast concrete modules

To seal joints between concrete rings, you can use one of the following methods:

plastering;
sealing with rolled waterproofing;
drawing bituminous mastic;
filling gaps with seals;
the use of polymer inserts.

The choice of a specific sealing method depends on which well you have to deal with - under construction or in operation. In addition, construction technology, soil features, the depth of the source of drinking water and other factors will have to be taken into account.

Waterproofing	Peculiarities
Waterproofing	Mounting method	Efficiency hydroprotection	Safety	Durability	Special requirements	Price
Plastering	interior outer	high	high	average	No	average
rolled	outer	average	low	high	requires additional waterproofing	average
Bituminous	outer	average	low	high	requires additional waterproofing	average
Sealing materials	interior outer	low	average	low	requires additional waterproofing	low
Polymer liner	interior	high	high	high	No	high

It should be noted that the best results are obtained by a combination of several waterproofing methods - only in this case can one count on one hundred percent success.

Plastering

Application of special plaster mixtures is perhaps the most common method of waterproofing. The popularity of sealing joints with plaster is explained by both simplicity and accessibility, as well as the ability to carry out work from the inside and outside of the well. Sealing is carried out using spatulas, with which the mortar is pressed into cracks and cracks. The plaster is applied until the solution completely fills the gap, after which the liquid mixture is leveled over the joint surface.

Sealing joints with plaster is one of the simplest and most available ways sealing, which makes this method very popular with home craftsmen

There is little point in using a conventional sand-cement mortar - there is a very high probability that over time it will crack and the seam will leak. It is best not to save money and use special compounds called hydraulic seals.

Manufacturers produce hydraulic seals "for all occasions" - if necessary, you can even find a composition that can instantly stop a leak with a pressure of up to 7 atmospheres

Made on the basis of aluminum cement, fine sand and chemically active additives, hydrostable mixtures have a reduced setting time and, in addition, have such necessary properties as frost resistance, strength and plasticity. With their help, you can not only close the dry joint between the rings, but also eliminate leaks under pressure.

Avoiding the question of specific brands of hydraulic seals, materials such as Penetron and Penecrete can be recommended for general cases. If you urgently need to fix a pressure leak, then choose Waterplug, Puder-Ex or Peneplug - they have a minimum hardening time and high adhesion in a humid environment.

Hydroseal is a high-tech quick-hardening composition, therefore, when preparing it, one should strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations

The use of rolled waterproofing

As a rule, the section of a well shaft at a depth of up to 3 meters from the surface is exposed to the strongest impact of groundwater. In this case, the joints can be protected with roofing material or other rolled waterproofing. To do this, a ditch about a meter wide is dug around the well and a layer of waterproofing is melted or glued onto the upper rings.

External waterproofing must be welded or installed on a layer of glue - a simple wrapping with plastic film is not enough here

For additional protection of the well from rain or melt water, the pit can be filled with clay. After thorough compaction, it will act as a hydraulic lock, preventing moisture from penetrating to the well shaft.

In addition to roll materials, special sealing strips can be found on sale. Unlike roofing material, they can be used to localize cracks from the inside.

Self-adhesive sealing strips have high adhesion to the concrete surface and can be used for waterproofing joints both outside and inside wells

Using bituminous mastic

For waterproofing with liquid bitumen, the rings are dug out on required height and thoroughly cleaned of dirt. After that, a resin (tar) dissolved in gasoline is applied with a wide brush. Since a thin film of bitumen for high-quality waterproofing will not be enough, at least three layers will be needed. For better adhesion to the concrete surface, the first penetration is done with a mixture in the ratio of 1 hour of resin to 4 hours of gasoline, and the other two - in a one to one ratio.

To seal the well from the outside, you can use both ready-made rubber-bitumen mastic and do-it-yourself tar

It should be noted that rolled waterproofing, like tar, in fact, cannot be attributed to environmentally friendly materials. For this reason, the joint surface on both sides is pre-protected with a layer moisture resistant plaster- it will serve as an additional guarantee that substances hazardous to health will not get into the well.

Before you start coating the outer part with a bitumen composition, the seams should be plastered

Sealing inserts

There are situations when reinforced concrete rings are worn out so much that their repair, as well as joint sealing, does not bring the desired results. In this case, you can use the most effective way - to install plastic liners inside the barrel.

With the help of a plastic liner, you can repair the most hopeless well

Such inserts are made from high-strength polymers and, depending on the diameter, have a wall thickness of 5 to 8 mm. On their outer surface there is a ribbing, thanks to which the cylindrical liners resemble a huge corrugated pipe.

The outer helical polymer rings play a very important role. They allow you to increase the rigidity of the structure and make it possible to connect plastic modules with virtually no gaps - in this way you can get a cylindrical pipe of any height.

Sealing a well with a polymer insert is a complex and expensive undertaking, so it is better to entrust this work to professionals.

The industry has mastered the production of sealing inserts for concrete rings of any diameter, so it will not be difficult to pick up a plastic cylinder in a well. Inserts could be called an ideal option, if not for one thing - this option is the most expensive of all considered.

The dimensions of polymer inserts correspond to the internal dimensions of standard reinforced concrete rings

Is there a folk alternative to expensive modern materials

If immediate measures are required to eliminate the leak, and the above methods seem too time-consuming or expensive, then the gaps between the rings can simply be caulked. Both special rubber or fiber-rubber strips, as well as flax fiber impregnated with fiber rubber, hemp or jute rope are suitable for embedding. Such materials are not in short supply - they can be easily found in outlets selling products for waterproofing pools. Sealing with sealing inserts eliminates gaps up to a centimeter wide and is nothing more than a temporary measure. Be prepared for the fact that over time the joints will need to be sealed with more durable materials.

With the help of improvised sealing materials, you can not only quickly eliminate the leak, but also save expensive filling composition when sealing wide joints

Of course, at home, it will not be possible to create a full-fledged replacement for hydraulic seals. However, craftsmen found a way out of the situation by adding liquid glass to the mortar. Since such a composition hardens in less than a minute, sand and cement are first mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. One part of the alkaline solution is added immediately before applying the sealant to the joint or crack.

Video: sealing a well with a homemade hydraulic seal

Features of sealing wells from the inside

The waterproofing of the well column from the inside can be done both with the help of grouting compounds and materials, and using plastic inserts. In the latter case, it is better to entrust the work to specialists, but it is quite possible to seal the seams with plaster on your own.

The first thing to take care of is the construction of a comfortable and safe workplace. Do not think that using a rope ladder in your work is a practical and convenient option - you will change your mind already in the fifth minute of using it. Most often, a small shield suspended on strong ropes or steel cables is used for this purpose. Such a "cradle" is attached to the well laid on the head wooden beam or a channel, and a powerful winch is used to lower it. As you have already understood, it will not be possible to do without assistants. In addition, you should take care of reliable insurance - it can be used as a strong rope tightly tied around the waist and attached to the support crossbar.

The waterproofing of the upper rings can be done using a conventional ladder attached to the head of the well

When repairing an operated well, water should be pumped out of it. This will clear the bottom of silt and, if necessary, restore the filter layer. In addition, long-term layers of dirt and mold must be removed from the inner surface of the trunk. There is no better tool than a pressure washer for this purpose. After a complete cleaning of the concrete surface, you will be able to see the picture of damage in detail and decide on ways to eliminate them.

You can easily and quickly clean the inner surface of concrete rings using a high pressure washer.

Sealing joints and cracks

To clean problem areas and seams between the rings, use metal brush. Among other things, it will help to get a rough base to improve adhesion with the sealant. After that, the concrete is moistened with water and the plaster is applied. There are no difficulties here - the working mixture is pressed into the joints with force and rubbed over the surface.

It does not matter at all how the cracks will be filled - with a spatula or by hand. The main thing is that the sealing compound penetrates into the gap as deep as possible.

Only small cracks can cause difficulty - it is impossible to push the solution into narrow, thread-like cracks, and smearing the seal on the surface will not give any special results. In this case, the crack is widened with a hammer and a small chisel, trying to get a gap with a dovetail shape in cross section.

When sealing wide cracks and through holes a lot of working solution is required, therefore, in order to save expensive purchased formulations, you can cheat a little. To do this, the main part of the seal is made of a thick sand-cement mortar or fibrous-rubber plugging, filling only the outer part of the “patch” with factory waterproofing to a depth of 1-2 cm.

The lower and upper rings of the well shaft are most subject to shear.

What to do when the rings are displaced

If the shift of the concrete modules of the well shaft does not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the rings, then the waterproofing is performed according to the above method. With a significant displacement, the trunk is dug up to the level of the damaged area and disassembled into its component parts.

Returning the removed links back, they must be laid on a layer of cement mortar and at the same time aligned with the lower ring. After that, the seams from the inside and outside are sealed with a special compound. We will return to the question of how to prevent a possible displacement of the rings in the future.

Step-by-step instructions for sealing joints and sealing a well shaft

Before proceeding with sealing the well, you should prepare the following tools:

containers for mixing working solutions;
metal brush;
scrapers for surface cleaning or high pressure washing;
spatulas;
perforator or impact drill;
wide paint brush with hard bristles;
a hammer;
thin chisel.

To repair the well, you will need the most simple tools that any owner has

Work should be done sequentially - so you do not miss a single detail. In each case, individual decisions are required, so there is no general algorithm. However, we present to your attention the maximum complete instructions for sealing well seams. We tried to consider the most important points in it so that you have a complete understanding of the nature and procedure for carrying out repair activities.

Preparatory stage. All functional and decorative elements, completely exposing the head. If necessary, the well shaft is dug up to the third or fourth ring, and the water is pumped out using an electric pump. After that, the lifting equipment and the work platform are installed.
With the help of friends or relatives, they descend into the well. Using brushes, scrapers and a high pressure washer, they clean the surface of the trunk. This is best done from top to bottom. At the same time, each ring is carefully inspected, assessing the front of the upcoming work and the possible costs of the material (do not forget that the “lifetime” of factory hydraulic seals is measured in minutes).
Having sunk to the bottom, do not rush to clear it of silt. First, at repair work the bottom part will somehow be polluted with debris and falling solution, and secondly, this will give an additional influx of water.
Having cleaned the surface, they begin to seal the joint, which is located above the water mirror. There is no point in sealing the rings that are installed below - this part of the well is located in the aquifer. Embedding is performed in sections of 10-20 cm, and vertical cracks should be plastered from the bottom up.
Sealing dry cracks, as well as those from which water flows in small portions, does not cause difficulties. Difficulties arise with damage, from which the jet beats under pressure - the sealing composition is immediately washed out. In this case, at a distance of 25 cm below the leak, 1-2 drills with a diameter of 20-25 mm are performed - they will serve to redirect the flow. After the main crack is closed, the holes are sealed with wooden pegs or rubberized tow and sealed with a thick layer of filling solution.
To protect the inner surface of the rings from fungi and mold, the entire concrete surface is covered with an antiseptic. Offhand, you can call quite good Nortex, Capatox or Ceresit CT-99 products.
After the last gap is closed, they sink to the bottom and clean the bottom filter. If necessary, the filter layer is restored.
For more information on how to clean a well, see this article:
Having risen upward, they begin to seal the outer surface of the well shaft. To do this, the walls are covered with two or three layers of bituminous mastic (tar) or glued (melted) on them with rolled waterproofing.
The excavated trench is covered with soil and rammed, equipping a hydraulic lock made of oily clay near the surface. The thickness of its layer should reach the point of maximum freezing - this will be the key to a dry well mine during the spring floods.
Return to the place and, if necessary, repair the outer part of the well and the finish.

The operation of the well does not begin immediately. You have to wait until it fills up. normal level and completely pump out all the water. Only then can the source be considered usable.

Clay dumping should be equipped according to the rules, otherwise there will be no sense from such a hydraulic lock

How to prevent displacement of well rings in the future

You will have to put up with the displacement of the lower rings - digging the trunk to such a depth is an extremely time-consuming and expensive task. Since most often the shift occurs due to weak soil or quicksand, there is no guarantee that the trouble will not recur after the repair. As for the upper 2-3 rings, they should just be returned to their place without fail - this will make it possible to make high-quality waterproofing and thereby avoid flooding the mine with top water.

The use of well rings with seam locks prevents them from moving horizontally

The simplest thing that can be done to prevent horizontal movement of well rings is to replace them with hollow reinforced concrete modules with lock connections. For those who are embarrassed by additional costs, it is recommended to connect adjacent rings with strong metal brackets or thick steel plates. To do this, at a distance of at least 25 cm from the joint, holes are drilled into which a bracket is driven in from the outside. The edges sticking inward are bent and carefully sealed. If plates are used, then they are installed on both sides and fixed with bolts with a diameter of at least 12-14 mm.

Concrete rings can be connected to each other with metal brackets and straight or curved plates made of thick steel strip

The method of connecting rings using metal fasteners is widely used by experienced craftsmen when digging wells. Concrete modules fastened together settle down much better, since the lower links pull the upper ones with them. In addition, the likelihood that the rings in the water horizon will “float away” under the influence of quicksand is reduced.

On heaving soils, cracks in the joints appear due to the fact that the soil tries to push the upper rings up, lifting them above the other links of the well shaft. In this case, the trunk is dismantled to a depth below the calculated freezing point and the cylindrical modules are changed to conical ones.

Factory-made or hand-cast cone rings will remain in place even on the most heaving soil

Prefabricated cone rings are almost impossible to find, so you have to cast them yourself. The slope of the latter should be directed inside the structure and be from 10 to 15 degrees. Due to this, the pushing forces reverse their direction, pressing the upper concrete module against the well shaft.

Video: how to seal the seams in a well with a precast concrete shaft

Now you know how to repair cracks between concrete rings and how to prevent their occurrence. We will be glad if our advice and recommendations will help to make drinking water in your well tastier, cleaner and safer for health. Leave feedback about the article, share own ways problem solving and ask questions. Our experts will provide you with qualified assistance in the shortest possible time.