Is it a fungicide? Features of the use of fungicidal mixtures for plant protection. Effective systemic fungicides against mildew, coccomycosis, moniliosis

I was prompted to write an article, or rather to systematize information on the well-worn topic of FUNGICIDES, by a recent letter from one very respected rose grower, the owner of the nursery, Vladimir Fedorovich Martynenko. In response to my sadness about the loss of 1/5 of the order, he wrote to me the following: “I am very sorry about the loss of your rose seedlings. This was not observed even after harsh winters. The cause of your disease outbreak could be high humidity or the presence of a fungus in the soil or on seedlings. In your case it looks like a fungal disease. At high humidity fungicide treatment is required; alternating systemic (10 days) and contact (5 days).” In general, it was read between the lines - learn the materiel. And I made a cheat sheet for myself, which I risked posting publicly as an article.

Recent decades have indeed been marked by an unprecedented increase in viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases of all cultivated plants without exception. Bacterial and viral diseases are practically untreatable, no matter what actions gardeners take. Fungal diseases (late blight, gray mold, other types of rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, fusarium, cluster blight, root rot, various leaf spots, etc.) when used correctly are successfully dealt with by fungicides - contact, systemic.
Fungicidal substances (from the Latin “fungus” - mushroom and “caedo” - I kill), chemical substances capable of completely (fungicidal) or partially (fungistatic) suppressing the development of plant pathogens and used to combat them; one of the groups of pesticides.

Fungicides are classified:
Depending on chemical properties they are inorganic (sulfur compounds - lime-sulfur decoction, ground and colloidal sulfur; copper - copper sulfate, copper oxychloride; mercury - mercuric chloride) and organic.
Depending on the effect on the pathogen fungicides are divided into preventive or protective (prevent infection of a plant or stop the development and spread of the pathogen at the site of infection before infection occurs, suppressing mainly its reproductive organs - most fungicides), and medicinal or eradicating (act on mycelium, reproductive organs and overwintering stages of the pathogen, causing their death after infection of the plant).
Nature of use fungicides are also different: seed protectants (used to combat diseases whose pathogens are spread with seeds or are in the soil), preparations for soil treatment (destroy soil pathogens of plant diseases, especially effective in greenhouses), fungicides for treating plants during the dormant period (they destroy the overwintering stages of the pathogen, are used in early spring before buds open, late in autumn and winter), fungicides for treatment during the growing season (mainly preventative preparations used in summer), for spraying and fumigation of storage facilities, in particular granaries and vegetable storage facilities.
According to the nature of distribution within plant tissues fungicides are contact (local) and systemic (intraplant).
Contact fungicides
Contact fungicides, when applied to plants, remain on the surface and cause the death of the pathogen upon contact with it. Some of them have a local deep effect, for example, they are able to penetrate the outer shells of seeds. The effectiveness of contact preparations depends on the duration of action, the amount of fungicide, the degree of retention on the treated surface, photochemical and chemical resistance, weather, etc.
Contact preparations - such as zineb, polycarbocin, copper oxychloride, sulfur, mancozeb, Bordeaux mixture, and others - are not able to treat already diseased plants, but they reliably protect them from infection. Plants do not develop resistance to them - this is their main advantage. But their period of protective action does not exceed 10-12 days before the first heavy rain, after which the treatment is repeated. The frequency of applications for contact fungicides is the highest: from 3 to 6 applications per season. These drugs almost do not penetrate inside the plant; they protect only those places where they are located directly. Therefore, when working with contact fungicides, try to thoroughly spray not only the surface of the leaves, but also their underside, since many types of fungi begin to germinate precisely from the underside of the leaves.
Systemic fungicides
Systematicity in plant protection means the ability of the active substance to be redistributed from the place of application to other places, parts of the plant, not only on the surface, but inside the plant. Systemic fungicides penetrate into the plant, spread through the vascular system and suppress the development of the pathogen due to direct action on it or as a result of metabolism in the plant. Their effectiveness is mainly determined by the speed of penetration into plant tissue and to a lesser extent depends on meteorological conditions.
These drugs protect plants both outside and inside. Systemic fungicides can have a therapeutic effect, but in the early stages of infection. Within 2-6 hours from the moment of treatment, any precipitation (or watering) is not able to reduce the effectiveness of such preparations. And their protective effect lasts for 2-3 weeks. However, pathogenic fungi very quickly develop resistance to systemic fungicides. To slow down this process, international experts on plant protection products recommend using them no more than twice per season on the same crop. And if additional treatments are required, then you need to use drugs either of contact action, or a systemic fungicide, but of a completely different chemical group.
Chemical groups of systemic plant protection products (analogues are given in parentheses)
1. Azoles (triazoles) – Penetrate deep into the plant leaf, moving behind the growth point, protect young shoots well from diseases, are excellent for treating many types of fungal plant diseases - Alto, Allegro Plus, Baitan, Bumper, Skor (Bogard, Dividend), Sportak, Split, Topaz, Impact, Vincit, Vectra, Bayleton, Tozonit, Vial, Lospel, Real, Premis25, Raxil, Rex, Terrasil, Tilt, Sumi8, Falcon combined fungicide, Folikur combined, Shavit combined. (the drugs contain different active ingredients).
2. Strobirulins - have a systemic effect, penetrate well into plant tissues, are able to move beyond the growth point, protecting the shoots. They are highly resistant to temperature changes and are recommended as an excellent prophylactic agent. They have a wide spectrum of action, applicable to many fungal diseases - Amistar, Zato, Strobi, Flint, Quadris, Cabrio Top (fungicides contain different active ingredients).
3. Benzimidazoles - have a systemic effect, it is recommended to use them by watering, they are well distributed throughout the plant with nutritious juices. Excellent for treating many fungal plant diseases. Can be used as a disinfectant for seedlings and seeds - Ferazim, Terminator, Derozal (Colfugo-Super), Stefazal, Bavemtin, Benlat, Fundazol (Fundozim, Benomyl), Agrotsit, Vial, Vincit, Tecto (Titusim). fungicides contain different active ingredients).
4. Phenylamides – Apron.
5. Anilidopyrimidines – Chorus.
6. Pyrimidinylcarbinols – Rubigan.
7. Dithianols – Delan.
8. Phosphonates – Alyette (Alyufit).
9. Phthalamides – Merpan, Folpan.
10. Hydroxyanilides - have a protective systemic effect, are not phytotoxic to humans and animals, an excellent remedy for rot and powdery mildew- Teldor.
11. Carbamates - have a systemic effect, it is recommended to use an irrigation agent as a prophylactic agent, spreads well throughout the vascular system of the plant - Previkur, Tatu, Topsin-M (they have different active ingredients).
12. Dithiocarbamates: They have a contact effect, are effective in the intervals between treatments for combination with other fungicides - Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antracol; Ridomil-Gold combined (mancozeb, metalaxyl). (fungicides with different active ingredients).
13. Piperazine derivatives - have a protective and healing effect, good for use against powdery mildew, rot and gray mold - Saprol.
14. Pyrimidinamines - have a systemic effect, are well used against powdery mildew - Rubigan, Milgo, Horus (fungicides with different active ingredients)
15. Imidazoles are effective against powdery mildew and mold - Mirage, Trifmin
16. Derivatives of oxaticarboxylic acids have a systemic effect and are used as a disinfectant for seedlings and seeds - Vitavax, Carboxin
17. Dithiocarbamates: They have a contact effect, are effective in the intervals between treatments for combination with other fungicides - Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antracol; Ridomil-Gold combined (mancozeb, metalaxyl); Cabrio Top (fungicides with different active ingredients).
18. Organophosphorus - effective against downy mildew, powdery mildew and gray mold - Alyette, fosetyl aluminum, Efal, Mitsu Alufite Afugan
19. Acetamides and oxazolidine derivatives: Effective against late blight, alternaria, mildew - Thanos - combined

Like insects, fungi on plants develop resistance to all fungicides of one chemical group at once.

The best plant protection options are:
alternating contact and systemic fungicides;
alternating 2-3 systemic drugs, but from different chemical groups.

They have been produced for many years mixed fungicides, consisting of 2-3 active ingredients, and they are:
simultaneously contact and systemic action (Kurzat R. Odram, Acrobat MC, Ridomil Gold MC, Sandofan M8, Tattu, Oksihom, Pilon, Artemi S, Poliram DF, Artserid, Avixil, others). They are used as contact preparations up to 4 times per season with the concentration of the working solution usually not lower than 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per 10 liters of water). Please note that lower concentrations of solutions lead to poor results. So this is exactly the case when “you can’t spoil the porridge with oil”... Prepare solutions of fungicides of this group, following the recommendations of the instructions, but it is even better to make them more concentrated than written.
only systemic action, may belong to the same chemical group or to completely different ones. This is done only in order to expand the spectrum of action on harmful fungi. Such fungicides include Mikal, Archer, Ryder, Alto-Super, Falcon, Thanos, and others. They are used no more than twice per season.

Currently, active development and production of so-called biological fungicides. Their fundamental difference from chemical fungicides - a non-chemical effect on the pathogen, for example, bacterial preparations contain a certain set of bacteria that can cause the death of a number of types of pathogenic fungi.
There are a lot of types of biological fungicides, the main ones are: Fitosporin, Barrier, Zaslon, Fitop, Integral, Baktofit, Agat, Planzir, Trichodermin. Biological fungicides are characterized by low toxicity and high efficiency.
Basic rules for using medications
1. Spray only in cloudy, windless weather, as well as early in the morning - at dawn or in the evening - at sunset. Precipitation within 4-6 hours after treatment reduces the effectiveness of many fungicides.
2. Be sure to use rubber gloves, because All plant protection products penetrate the skin quite well and are then absorbed into the blood. It is enough to wear a light respirator or bandage on your face.
3. With the systematic use of the same fungicides, their effectiveness may decrease due to the formation of persistent races of the pathogen. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage of the drug and alternate the fungicides used. Due to the great importance of phosphorus for agriculture, their production is continuously increasing.
4. Try to spray the plants themselves with fungicides, not the soil. A high-quality pneumatic sprayer will help save money, time, and preserve your health. Therefore, do not save on buying a sprayer.
5. It is prohibited to treat with systemic fungicides all green or other crops that use green stems or leaves for food, as well as radishes, daikon, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries, cherries (the last four can be treated only before flowering) , since all these crops absorb toxic compounds very well, they do not have time to get rid of them before they are consumed, even if the waiting periods are observed.
6. The working solution is prepared immediately before use and can be stored for no more than a day.
7. Do not allow any fungicides to get into water bodies, as this leads to the death of all living things in them. Poisons are destroyed more quickly in the surface layer of soil, which is not intended for use for vegetable gardens, hayfields, pastures, and playgrounds. The sun and soil microorganisms are the main destroyers and neutralizers of any toxic compounds.
8. Store fungicides in a dry, dark, preferably frost-free room away from food. All packaging must be sealed, since air moisture changes the physical properties of the drugs. The shelf life of biological products is 1-2.5 years, chemicals - 10 years or more, regardless of the expiration date indicated on the container label.

List of fungicides. and instructions for them (the list is incomplete)
CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES:
Abiga Peak, Sun
Copper-containing contact fungicide with a broad spectrum of action (copper oxychloride 400 g/l.). The drug is intended to combat a complex of fungal and bacterial diseases on vegetable, industrial, fruit, ornamental and flower crops, grapevines, medicinal plants and forest plantations.
The drug is not phytotoxic when used in strict accordance with the developed recommendations.

Acrobat MC
Fungicide of systemic-local and contact action (dimethomorph 90 g/kg + mancozeb 600 g/kg). Systemic-contact (local-systemic dimethomorph and contact mancozeb) fungicide used to combat late blight and Alternaria of potatoes, downy mildew of cucumbers, mildew of grapes and as well as a number of other diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance).

Byleton
A systemic fungicide used to protect plants from a wide range of diseases (triadimefon, 250 g/kg). It is used, in particular, to combat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), fusarium (Fusarium spp.), rust fungi (Puccinia spp.), rhynchosporium (Rhynchosporium secalis), septoria (Septoria pp.), pyrenophora spp.), red-brown spot (Helminthosporium avenae), net spot (Drechslera teres), cercosporellosis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides).
Hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Bordeaux mixture
Broad-spectrum contact fungicide (copper sulfate 960 g/kg + calcium hydroxide 900 g/kg. Designed to protect fruit, vegetable, berry, melon, citrus, ornamental, flower and other crops from a range of diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is low-hazard for bees. It is necessary to process plants in compliance with environmental regulations.

Vitaros, VSK
Fungicide of contact-systemic action, for dressing planting material(98g/l thiram + 198g/l carboxine). An effective means for treating bulbs, corms and rhizomes of flower crops before planting and storing. Suppresses the development of pathogens located both on the surface of planting material and inside it.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Ditan M-45
Contact action fungicide to combat late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (mancozeb 800 g/kg). Ditan M-45 is an analogue of Profit. A protective contact preparation for protecting plants from late blight and a number of other diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is not phytotoxic and is compatible with most other drugs. Not dangerous for bees, earthworms and soil microorganisms.

But
A fungicide from the strobilurin class with mesostem activity (trifloxystrobin 500 g/kg).
It is used primarily on pome crops, for example, apples and pears, against scab, Alternaria blight, black spot, powdery mildew, moniliosis, phyllostictosis and to prevent diseases during fruit storage.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Green soap
Preventative against pests and diseases. It is also used as a component of self-prepared plant protection products. Ingredients: water, potassium salts of fatty acids, natural fats and vegetable oils.

Kurzat R
Fungicide of contact and local systemic action (copper chloride, 89.5 g/kg, cymoxanil, 42 g/kg). An analogue of the drug Ordan. It is mainly used to protect against late blight on potatoes and downy mildew on cucumbers. The drug has preventive, therapeutic and pathogen spore-suppressing properties.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). The drug is moderately stable in soil (class 3), practically non-toxic to soil organisms and birds. The drug is moderately dangerous for bees (class 2).

Kurzat M
Fungicide of contact and systemic action (cymoxanil, 45 g/kg, mancozeb, 680 g/kg). It is used to combat late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases: Alternaria, macrosporiosis, dry spot, septoria, rhizoctonia, black spot, pernospora, mildew.
For humans, the hazard class of the drug is 2 (hazardous substance). Low risk for bees. (3rd grade).

Maxim
Contact fungicide (fludioxonil, 25 g/l.). It is used for treating flower bulbs and other planting material (corms, seed potatoes) from rot before planting and during storage.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). Not flammable. Not phytotoxic. Toxic to fish, do not allow to enter water bodies.

Copper sulfate
Copper-containing contact fungicide with a broad spectrum of action (copper sulfate, 960 g/kg). Fungicide for combating diseases of berries, fruits (stone and pome), ornamental crops, and shrubs. Designed for use on private farms.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Oksikhom
Systemic contact fungicide with a wide spectrum of action (copper oxychloride 670 g/kg + oxadixil 130 g/kg). Oxychome is used to combat diseases caused by fungi of the oomycete subclass. Well suited for protecting potatoes and tomatoes from late blight and macrosporiosis, and cucumbers from mildew (downy mildew).
Hazard class: 1. Dangerous substance.

Ordan
Fungicide of contact-systemic action to combat late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (copper chloride, 689 g/kg + cymoxanil, 42 g/kg). A two-component fungicide with local-systemic action to protect potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes in open and protected soil, grapes and a number of other plants from a range of diseases.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Previkur, VK
A fungicide with systemic properties, having both protective and growth-stimulating properties (propamocarb hydrochloride, 607 g/l.). It has a wide spectrum of activity against pathogens of root rot and downy mildew (Pythium, Phytophthora, Aphanomyces, Bremia, Peronospora, Pseudopeonospora spp). It has a stimulating effect, increases the plant's resistance to infection, stimulates the rooting of cuttings, growth and flowering of plants.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance), has a mild irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes.

Profit, JV
Fungicide to combat late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (mancozeb, 800g/kg). The drug is enriched with manganese and zinc.
Hazard class: for humans - 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is not phytotoxic and is compatible with most other drugs. Not dangerous for bees, earthworms and soil microorganisms.

Profit Gold, VDG
Fungicide of contact-systemic action to combat late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (cymoxanil 250 g/kg + famoxadone 250 g/kg). Cymoxanil is quickly absorbed by the leaves and penetrates the plant, while famoxadone remains on the surface of the leaves for a long time. Designed for use on private farms.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Rajok, KE
Systemic fungicide with a long-term preventive and protective effect (difenoconazole, 250 g/l). Used to protect fruit crops from powdery mildew, scab, leaf curl, coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis. Can be used to combat late blight and alternaria on potatoes and tomatoes. It is also used in the fight against powdery mildew. An analogue of the drug "Skor".
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). The drug is not toxic to birds and bees. The drug is toxic to fish.

Ridomil gold, VDG, SP
Fungicide of contact-systemic action to combat late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (mefenoxam, 40 g/kg + mancozeb, 640 g/kg). Mefenoxam provides internal protection: systemic and translaminar action - protection of treated and untreated plant parts, new growth and tubers, high level effectiveness against fungi from the class of oomycetes (pathogens of downy mildew), rapid decomposition in the soil. Mancozeb provides external protection and is an effective contact fungicide and a key part of the anti-resistance strategy.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). When using the drug in strict accordance with the recommendations developed by the company, there is no risk of phytotoxicity. The drug is slightly toxic to birds and bees, but toxic to fish

Rovral, JV
Contact action fungicide against a complex of diseases (iprodione, 500 g/kg). Rovral is effective against a wide range of pathogens: Alternaria, Botrytis, Oxysporum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Monilia, Phoma, Pleiochaeta, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Sclerotium, Septoria, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Typhula. When spilling soil, it has a systemic effect.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous compound). Prohibited for use in sanitary zone fishery reservoirs. Practically not dangerous for bees - hazard class 4.

Skor, KE
Systemic fungicide with long-term preventive and pronounced therapeutic effects to combat scab, powdery mildew, leaf curl, late blight and alternaria and other fungal diseases (difenoconazole 250 g/l.). A drug with long-term preventive and pronounced therapeutic effects. An analogue of the drug "Rayok".
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Tattu, KS
Contact-systemic action fungicide (mancozeb, 301.6 g/l, propamocarb hydrochloride, 248 g/l). The drug, due to trace elements (manganese, zinc) included in mancozeb, stimulates photosynthesis, which accelerates growth processes and increases plant resistance. Propamocarb hydrochloride disrupts the biosynthesis of membrane structures and slows down the germination of spores and the development of mycelium.
Hazard class: 2 (dangerous compound), has a slight irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes.

Teldor VG
Fungicide of local-systemic action (fenhexamide, 500 g/kg). A drug to combat Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Moliniasis (Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa), White rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on fruit and berry crops oh and grapes. Applicable from the most early dates and right up to harvest. The drug also increases the safety of fruits during transportation and storage.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Tilt CE
Systemic fungicide with growth-stimulating activity (propiconazole, 250 g/l.). The drug Tilt enters plants through leaves and stems, thanks to its systemic action. The drug not only has a long-lasting protective and healing effect, but also stops the further development of the pathogen and suppresses sporulation in it. In addition, the drug has growth-regulating activity. Attention! No more than one treatment with Tilt should be carried out per growing season.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous compound). The drug is non-toxic to birds, slightly toxic to bees, toxic to fish.

Thiovit jet, VDG
Contact fungicide and acaricide (sulfur, 800 g/kg). A product for protecting vegetable, fruit, flower crops and vineyards from powdery mildew, some other diseases and mites.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Topaz, CE
Systemic fungicide to combat powdery mildew, rust and other fungal diseases (penconazole, 100 g/l.). The best results are obtained by prophylactic use at the beginning of the growing season to suppress the primary infection of the powdery mildew pathogen, as well as to prevent the spread of the disease or at the first signs of the disease.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).
The drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class 3), non-toxic for birds and beneficial insects, and dangerous for fish. Not phytotoxic.

Topsin-M SP
Systemic fungicide with preventive and therapeutic action (methyl thiophanate, 700 g/kg). The drug belongs to substances close to benzimidazoles (benomyl), penetrates into plants, is absorbed by the root system, and is transformed into carbendazim. It is most effective when used as a preventative treatment, before the pathogen develops. It has a negative effect on soil nematodes and a number of aphid species. The drug is not effective against downy mildew.
Hazard class for humans - 2 (hazardous substance). Does not irritate skin and mucous membranes. Low danger to birds and bees, hazard class 3. Toxic to fish. Toxic to lacewing eggs.

Fundazim SP
Broad-spectrum systemic fungicide (benomyl, 500 g/kg). An analogue of the drug "Fundazol". During the entire season, no more than 2 treatments by spraying and watering are allowed, since after that the pathogens develop resistance! To overcome resistance, it is necessary not to use drugs from the benzimidazole class for 1–2 seasons.

Fundazol
Fungicide and protectant with a wide spectrum of systemic action against large quantity fungal diseases of seeds and leaves of plants. Fundazol has both protective (preventive) and medicinal properties. During the entire season, no more than 2 treatments by spraying and watering are allowed, since after that the pathogens develop resistance! To overcome resistance, it is necessary not to use drugs from the benzimidazole class for 1–2 seasons.
Hazard class: Benomyl (benorad, basezol, fundazim) has a hazard class 2 (hazardous compound) for humans and fish. The drug is low toxic to soil organisms and birds.

Hom
Fungicide of systemic-local and contact action (copper oxychloride, 900 g/kg). A drug for combating plant diseases: scab of apple and pear trees, late blight of potatoes and tomatoes, rot of plum fruits, peach leaf curl, mildew of grapes, downy mildew of onions and cucumbers, rust and spotting of ornamental and flower crops and pathogens of fungal diseases.
The drug Hom has a hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) used for treating seeds, bulbs, corms, rhizomes of flowering plants in a concentration of 0.1-0.15% for two hours. Can be used for health-improving watering of seedlings, seedlings and adult plants at the root in the fight against blackleg, fusarium, and bacteriosis. Used to disinfect equipment and tools.

Soda ash(linen) is used to combat powdery mildew. For spraying, prepare a 0.3-0.5% solution. For better adhesion, soap is added to the soda solution.

BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES

Alirin – B, TAB
Biological fungicide for suppressing fungal diseases in soil and on plants (soil microflora - Bacillus subtilis VIZR-10, titer 109 CFU/g), similar in composition and effect to phytosporin. Recommended: as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, it effectively suppresses pathogens of fungal diseases on all types of garden crops and indoor plants.
Hazard class: 4 (low hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, beneficial entomofauna and environment

Albite
A complex preparation that has the advantages of a contact biological fungicide and stimulant (Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aureofaciens, pine extract and a set of macro and microelements). Albit is a complex drug that has the advantages of analogue drugs (Agat-25k, pseudobacterin, phytosporin, planriz, silk, crystallon, humates).
Hazard class: 4 (low hazardous substance).

Gamair, P, Tab.
Biological bactericide for suppressing bacterial and some fungal diseases in soil and on plants (Bacillus subtilis M-22 VIZR, titer 109 CFU/g), similar in composition and effect to phytosporin. Recommended: as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, it effectively suppresses pathogens of bacterial diseases on all types of garden crops and indoor plants.
Hazard class - 4 (low hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, beneficial entomofauna and the environment. Does not accumulate in plants and soil, which contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

Glyocladin, Tab
Analogue of Trichodermin.
Biological fungicide for suppressing pathogens of fungal diseases in the soil (fungal culture Trichoderma harziannum VIZR -18). Recommended as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent when applied to the soil, it effectively suppresses pathogens of fungal diseases on all types of garden crops and indoor plants.
Hazard class - 4 (low hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, beneficial entomofauna and the environment.

Trichodermin
Biological fungicide for the treatment and prevention of root infections of indoor flowers and ornamental plants. Soil health improver. Growing from spores in moist soil, the fungal mycelium suppresses about 60 types of soil pathogens that infect the soil and cause root rot.
Hazard class - 4. Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, beneficial entomofauna and the environment. Does not have a phytotoxic effect on protected plants. Does not accumulate in plants and soil, which contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

Fitolavin, VRK
Systemic biological bactericide (phytobacteriomycin). Used for the prevention of root rot, vascular bacteriosis, diseases such as blackleg, fire blight, angular leaf spot, bacterial rot tubers, vascular bacteriosis on cucumber, bacterial blossom end rot, Alternaria blight on tomatoes, moniliosis, scab, fusarium blight, anthracnose.
Hazard class: - 3 (moderately dangerous compound). Has an irritating effect.

Fitosporin-M
Biological fungicide of contact action (Bacillus subtilis 26 D, 100 million cells/g). Fitosporin-M is a microbiological preparation intended to protect garden, garden, indoor and greenhouse plants from a complex of fungal and bacterial diseases. Available in paste and liquid form in bottles and in powder form. It is used mainly for preventive purposes (treatment of seeds, tubers and bulbs before planting, periodic spraying or watering of plants to prevent disease in the collection). Low toxicity, not dangerous for the plants and bees themselves.

Dear rose growers, if I have made a mistake in anything, please correct me. Please add to the list and share other information about the fight against “fungal” diseases.

The article was written using online materials, including https://ru.wikipedia.org/, http://ogorod23.ru/, http://www.floralworld.ru/

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

Fungi are the causative agents of many plant diseases. Special chemicals called fungicides can suppress their spread. They exhibit two forms of activity: fungicidal (destruction of the fungus) and fungistatic (partial suppression of development). These substances are one of the types of pesticides - chemicals, used in the fight against pests and diseases of plant crops.

Fungicides for plants

The term “fungicide” is derived from two Latin words: “fungus” (mushroom) and “caedo” (kill). From the name you can understand that they are chemical substances designed to combat pathogenic fungi that cause diseases in plants. Fungicides are drugs that exhibit two types of properties:

protective - fungicidal (destruction of the fungus) and fungistatic (suspends the development of spores and mycelium of the pathogen);
preventive – prevents contamination of crops.

Fungicides are included in the group of pesticides along with insecticides, bactericides, nematicides and acaricides. All these substances belong to the category of toxic chemicals. Fungicidal properties are exhibited by:

sulfur and its compounds, such as barium and calcium polysulfides;
metal salts, including copper, cadmium and mercury;
salts of dithiocarbamic acids;
phenol derivatives;
derivatives of triazole, imidazole.

Species

There are different classifications of fungicidal agents. The criterion for identifying species is the purpose of processing the plant. Taking this into account, fungicides are:

Protective. They are used to treat healthy crops to prevent diseases.
Medicinal. They are used for treatment after the disease is detected.

Depending on the composition, fungicidal preparations are divided into organic and inorganic. The former consist of special microorganisms that, after performing their functions, decompose in the soil. Inorganic include chemical compounds:

copper;
gland;
sulfur;
mercury;
nickel;
manganese

Another classification divides fungicides into types based on the principle of action:

System. The active components of the compositions of this category are absorbed into the vascular system of the plant, subsequently moving through its structures. For this reason, systemic garden fungicides are effective for a month.
Contact. They show activity on the part of the vegetation where they were applied.
System-contact. Considered more effective in protecting against fungi. Some components have a contact effect, while others have a systemic effect.

Fungicidal effect

The active components of fungicidal agents interfere with biochemical reactions in fungal cells or block the enzymes that control them. There are different groups of fungicides with specific properties:

triazoles, pyrimidines, morpholines, piperazines - block the biosynthesis of ergosterol - an integral component of fungal cell membranes;
organophosphorus – suppress the formation of a lipid that is part of the membranes of the pathogen’s cell;
hydroxypyrimidines and alanine derivatives – inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids;
antibiotics (blasticidin, cycloheximide, kasugamycin) - suppress protein synthesis.

Fungicidal preparations

This type of pesticide is available in the form of suspensions, powders, concentrated solutions or tablets. Each drug has instructions that are followed when spraying. It is recommended to use freshly prepared fungicidal agents. This way their antifungal properties will be more pronounced. Different forms of release of this type of pesticides have a specific purpose:

Powders are often added to the ground when digging or dissolved with water, and then used for watering.
Other categories are shown for tuber processing, seed material.
The largest group of fungicides is used during the period of active crop growth to treat green parts.
Another group of drugs is used to prevent spoilage of grain stocks or vegetables in vegetable warehouses and granaries.

System

Modern fungicides are a group of systemic ones. They move through the vascular system of plants, protecting new growths that appeared after treatment. The main purpose of use is the treatment of already diseased crops, but it can be used for preventive purposes. Among the systemic fungicides, the following products are distinguished:

Glyocladin. A biological preparation used for the prevention or treatment of root rot in indoor and garden crops and vegetables. During sowing, 1-4 tablets should be placed in the soil. The protective effect lasts for 1-1.5 months.
Quadris. The active substance in the composition is azoxystrobin. Available in 1 liter bottles and 6 ml bags. Effective against brown spot of vegetable crops and grapevine, downy or powdery mildew, late blight. The drug is able to protect peas, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, and lawns. Use for protection indoor plants Extreme caution is recommended. The product is phytotoxic for certain varieties of apple trees.
Mikosan. Biological product used for garden and indoor crops. The substances in the composition do not destroy the fungus, but help fight it more effectively by stimulating the production of lectins in tissues. It is rational to use Mikosan in the early stages, when some spots appear on the leaves. To soak planting material, you need to dilute 100 ml of the product in 10 liters of water.
Planriz. Considered one of the most effective means against fusarium, verticillium, gray rot, ascochyta, alternaria, formoza. The product is completely biological with a unique composition of bacteria that actively populate the root system, producing enzymes and antibiotics in it. They suppress the development of root rot. Additionally, bacteria increase the general immunity of vegetative crops. Average rate consumption is 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water.
Forecast. A fungicide from the category of chemicals used to protect gooseberries, wild strawberries, strawberries, currants and raspberries from spotting, scab, and powdery mildew. The consumption rate is 1 ml/1 l of water. The working fluid is consumed in an amount of about 1.5 liters per 10 square meters. m.
Raek. The peculiarity of this fungicide is its long period of protection against scab, powdery mildew and coccomycosis. The effect is observed within 2 hours after spraying. The product is used in relation to fruit crops. Available in two forms: ampoules of 2 ml of the substance and bottles of 10, 50 or 100 ml. The working solution consists of 1.5-2 ml and 10 liters of water. It is necessary to treat crops with it no more than once every 14 days.

Speed An analogue of the drug is Raek. Skor is effective against scab, oidium, and powdery mildew. The solution is prepared from 2-5 ml of the composition and 10 liters of water. The effect of the working fluid after treatment lasts for 1-2 weeks. Skor is non-toxic for people and animals, and completely harmless for birds.
Thanos. Fungicide based on cymoxanil. The substance penetrates into the tissues of the leaves, therefore it has a therapeutic effect even 1-2 days after infection. Used to protect tomatoes, sunflowers, potatoes, and onions. Release form: water-soluble granules. In the working solution, they are resistant to washing off due to their ability to bind to the natural wax of plant crops.
Topaz. The composition includes penconazole in a proportion of 100 g/l. The drug is in the form of an emulsion concentrate. The product exhibits fungicidal activity against powdery mildew, sulfur and rust in vegetable, ornamental, fruit crops and grapevines. For the first two diseases, the concentration of a solution of 2 ml per 10 liters of water is shown. For powdery mildew, the amount of emulsion is increased to 4 ml. There is 1 treatment per 1-2 weeks. Topaz is moderately toxic to humans and animals and is not dangerous to fish and birds.
Fundazol. The basis of the product is benomyl at a concentration of 500 g/kg. Fundazol is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of action against most fungal diseases of leaves and seeds. The drug is compatible with many pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers. A sign of this is the absence of sediment after mixing. Foundationazol is presented as a wetting powder, creamy or white. For 1 liter of water, 20 g of product is required. Treatment should be carried out no more than 2 times a season. The effectiveness of the product is greater at higher temperatures.
Horus. Based on cyprodinil, the concentration of which is 750 g/kg. It is water-dispersible granules. The product protects pome fruit crops from Alternaria blight, moniliosis, scab, and grapes - from berry rot, stone fruit crops - from moniliosis, leaf curl, coccomycosis. 2 hours after application, Horus is no longer washed off by rain. The drug is more effective in cool, damp weather. At temperatures above 25 degrees, its activity decreases. The plants can be processed for the last time 14-30 days before harvest. Depending on the disease and type of crop, 2 g of Horus is diluted in 5 or 10 liters of water.
Pure flower. It is considered especially effective against powdery mildew, gray rot, and spotting. The advantage of the product is that the risk of being washed off by rain is minimal, this is due to the rapid penetration of the active component into the leaf tissue. The release form of Pure Flower is a high concentration emulsion. The working fluid is prepared from 5 liters of water and 2-4 ml of product. Treatment with it is carried out during the growing season for the purpose of prevention or at the first symptoms of infection.

Contact

The principle of contact fungicides is to protect only the parts where they are applied. These drugs do not have preventive properties. Their activity greatly depends on precipitation, the amount of working solution, chemical resistance and duration of action. Popular in the contact fungicide category are:

Agate. In addition to protecting crops from diseases, it helps increase productivity. Agate has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system and increases seed germination. For prevention purposes, you can use a fungicide for indoor plants. The product is produced in the form of a flowing paste in jars of 10 g. One spoon of the composition is enough for 3 liters of water. Spraying is carried out 3-4 times a season with breaks of 20 days.
Albite. In addition to the fungicidal effect, the drug promotes the growth and development of cultural plantings. It cures only early fungal infections. It is necessary to use a concentrated paste for watering the soil and spraying diseased plants. You can also use it to soak seeds before planting. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute 1-3 ml of concentrate in a small amount of water, gradually increasing the volume to 10 liters.
Bravo. It is used if wheat, potatoes, peppers and other vegetable crops are affected by the fungus. Chlorothalonil in the composition exhibits fungicidal activity. It helps get rid of late blight and perennial blight. The protective effect lasts 12-14 days. The consumption rate is 2.3-3.1 l/ha for cucumbers, potatoes, wheat, 3-3.3 l/ha for tomatoes and onions.
Baktofit. This product is used to treat fruit and berry crops, carnations, and roses to protect against pathogens, including powdery mildew. Baktofit is recommended for use when it is not possible to use chemicals. It works better in cool weather, even during periods of frequent rainfall, but must be applied a day before it rains. Repeat treatment after 5 days. The consumption rate is 2 g/l of water.
Bona Forte (Bona Forte). This composition is part comprehensive care for house plants older than one year. Treatment includes 3 stages: treatment and prevention of insects, fertilizing with fertilizers, stimulation of green mass growth and immune system. Bona Forte is effective against fungal infections, rust, and powdery mildew. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute 1 ampoule with 5 liters of water. The product cannot be stored.
Gamair. This biological preparation based on Bacillus subtilis is necessary for the treatment and prevention of diseases in indoor and garden plants. It is particularly active against leaf spot of bacterial origin, powdery mildew, late blight, and fusarium. The irrigation solution is prepared from 1 tablet and 5 liters of water. For spraying you need to take 2 pieces.

Maxim. Used to protect plants from diseases and disinfect soil. It helps get rid of root rot, fusarium, and mold. Available in 2 ml ampoules. One piece is diluted in 1-2 liters of water. The soil can be watered or sprayed. It is recommended to treat bulbs, seeds, and tubers with the solution immediately before planting. The working fluid must be used within 24 hours, so it must be used all at once.
Strobe. Kresoxim-methyl in the pesticide at a concentration of 500 g/kg is effective against powdery mildew, black spot, rust, scab, and root canker of shoots. For 10 liters you need to add 3-5 ml of the composition. The product is used only for prevention. If fungal spores are present, the drug will not be effective. The solution is suitable for soaking seeds of indoor plants.
Trichodermin. Has a biological method of action. Indicated for the prevention of root system infections in indoor flowers and ornamental crops. The solution of the drug can be used to soak the seeds and water them. Such procedures help prevent root rot, rhizoctonia, and late blight. Release form: powder in a bag weighing 10 g. It is diluted in 10 liters of water. The solution can be stored for up to 1 month in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding 5 degrees.
Trichophyte. Judging by the reviews, it is effective against root rot and sulfur. The product is sold in the form of a suspension. About 25 g of it are diluted with 1 liter of water. It shouldn't be too warm. Ready mix used for watering the soil and spraying foliage. For humans, Trichophyte is slightly toxic, so it can be used at home.
Fitosporin-M. Representative of microbiological preparations intended for the protection of garden, indoor, greenhouse and garden crops from bacterial and fungal diseases. Release forms: paste, powder, liquid. Bulbs and seeds are subject to treatment with them before planting or crops in the future. Fitosporin is incompatible with drugs that have an alkaline reaction. It can even be frozen, this does not change the properties of the composition.

System-contact

It's more effective types fungicides due to the combination of active components with contact and systemic action. They can be used both for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases. Among the fungicidal preparations with such properties are:

Alirin. Includes soil microflora Bacillus subtilis, available in dry powder and tablets. The drug suppresses fungal infections on plants and in the soil, eliminates Alternaria blight, Rhizoctonia blight, Septoria blight, root rot, and powdery mildew. For a 10 liter bucket you need to use 2 tablets. Watering is carried out with this solution. For spraying, you need to dilute 2 tablets in 1 liter. You should not carry out more than 3 treatments. The interval between them should be 5-7 days.
Vectra. Used for the treatment and prevention of powdery mildew or scab in pear and apple trees, and oidium in grapes. The active ingredient is bromuconazole suspension concentrate. The working solution is prepared from 2-3 ml of the product and 10 liters of water. It is necessary to use up to 5 liters of liquid for a fruit-bearing tree, and up to 2 liters for a growing tree. Repeated treatment is indicated after 10-14 days. The latter must be no later than 10 days before the start of harvest.
Vitaros. Indicated for use when processing planting material (seeds and bulbs) when planting indoor plants and gardens. Vitaros suppresses fungus not only on the surface of the plant, but also inside. There are ampoules of 2 ml and bottles of 10, 50 and 100 ml on sale. The average consumption rate is 2 ml per 1 liter of water. Seeds or bulbs are soaked in the prepared solution for 2 hours.
Fitolavin. It is a prophylactic drug, used to prevent moniliosis, vascular bacteriosis, bacterial burn, root rot, anthracnose. It is a water-soluble concentrate in bottles or ampoules. Fitolavin does not destroy beneficial fauna, easily penetrates into crop tissue, and acts quickly. For 10 liters of water you need to take 20 ml of concentrate.

Copper compounds were the first to be used as plant protection agents against infections. Their effectiveness is due to the presence of moisture when applied to the organs of vegetative plants. Copper-containing preparations for plants exhibit protective and contact-preventive effects. From solutions, the active substance is gradually adsorbed by fungi until a lethal dose occurs. The following drugs have similar properties:

Abiga Peak. Contains copper oxychloride in a concentration of 400 g/l, presented in an aqueous suspension. Belongs to the category of contact fungicidal preparations. Abiga-Pik is active against fungal diseases in industrial, vegetable, flower, fruit and ornamental plants. Processing must be carried out in calm weather, always using a respirator. For 10 liters of water take 40-50 g of suspension, depending on the type of plant.
Bordeaux mixture. It is prepared in a special way. About 300 g of lime is slaked with water. The same is repeated with copper sulfate. Add 2-3 liters to lime hot water. Each solution is brought to a 5-liter volume. Next, the lime is filtered through double gauze, and copper sulfate is poured into it in a stream. The working mixture is actively stirred. It should have a bright blue color - this is a sign of proper concentration. A lack of lime can burn the plant, because it is an acidity neutralizer. The mixture can be stored for up to a day provided that 7-10 g of sugar per 10 liters of solution is added to it.
Kurzat R. Provides reliable protection against fungal diseases due to the combination of two active components: cymoxanil and copper oxychloride. The substances have preventive, therapeutic and protective effects. The composition does not cause immunity to fungi. Plant protection from pathogens lasts for a month. Kurzat is not dangerous for honey-bearing insects and warm-blooded animals. For 10 liters of water, use 30-50 g of wettable powder.
Copper sulfate. It contains copper sulfate, which helps in the treatment of diseases in pome, stone fruit, ornamental, berry, and fruit crops. It is a soluble powder. For 500-700 ml of water with a temperature of 40-50 degrees, you need to take 100 g. Stirring, bring the volume of the solution to 10 liters. You should not use metal utensils for cooking. The working mixture must be used on the same day. It should not be mixed with other drugs. Spraying is carried out in the morning or evening, when the weather is dry and wind activity is minimal.
Ordan. It is a cream or white powder, packaged in 25 g bags. It is effective for the treatment of fungal infections in potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, cucumbers and other crops if they are infected with peronospora, late blight, powdery mildew. Before use, the powder should be diluted with a small amount of liquid, and then the volume should be increased to 5 liters.
Profit Gold. Belongs to the category of contact-systemic, is effective against Alternaria and late blight. Antifungal activity is due to cymoxanil in the composition. This substance is quickly absorbed by the leaves. Additionally, the composition includes famoxadone. It remains on the surface for a long time. The drug itself is represented by dark brown granules that have a slight specific odor. One sachet can contain 1.5, 3 or 6 g. The concentration of the product in the working solution depends on the disease and culture.
Oksikhom. In addition to copper oxychloride, it includes oxadixyl. Presented as a soluble powder. Oxychome is used for macrosporiosis and late blight in potatoes and tomatoes, and downy mildew in cucumbers. The drug is effective against oomycete fungi. It is a dangerous substance, so it should not be mixed with other compounds. Depending on the crop, 30-35 g of powder are diluted in 10 liters.
Home. Is a representative of systemic contact drugs. The composition includes copper oxychloride. Hom is produced in bags of 20 or 40 g. It is active against scab of pears and apple trees, rot of plums, curl of peach leaves and mildew in grapevines. The working fluid is prepared by mixing 40 g of the substance and 10 liters of water. For indoor crops, 2-3 treatments are recommended, for garden crops – up to 5.

Fungicide treatment

The treatment procedure can be carried out using a solution when plants or soil are sprayed or watered. There is also a method of etching or adding powder to the soil. Regardless of the degree of toxicity of the fungicide, some rules must be followed:

put on old unnecessary clothes that cover the entire body;
use a respirator or medical mask to protect your face;
Wear special transparent glasses over your eyes;
at the end of the procedure, wash your hands with antibacterial soap;
wash clothes, dry them, iron them and put them in a separate drawer.

Treatment of indoor plants

To prevent and treat diseases in indoor plants, systemic and contact fungicides are used. Experts recommend paying attention to biological products. They must be used according to the following instructions:

depending on the selected drug, prepare a working solution from it, diluting it according to the packaging instructions;
It is better to carry out the procedure before watering and in the morning so that the room is ventilated during the day;
pour the solution into a container with a sprayer, set it to the finest spray;
spray evenly over the entire surface of the plant, without getting on the flowers themselves (it is better to cover them with a piece of paper);
if the procedure is carried out in the summer, then remove the flower from the straight sun rays so that there is no burn;
Blot drops of liquid on large leaves.

Treatment of garden plants

Do not start processing on a cloudy day due to the high risk of precipitation. The same applies to very windy weather, when the chemicals will be blown in the wrong direction. For processing, it is worth buying a special sprayer: lever, pump, battery or gasoline. Backpack or wheel sprayers are also convenient to use. The spraying procedure is carried out as follows:

put on old clothes and special protective equipment;
prepare a solution, pour it into a spray bottle or sprayer;
process the required crops, evenly distributing the working fluid over each plant;
wash the device while wearing protective equipment;
then remove clothes, wash your hands and face thoroughly with antibacterial soap, and rinse things with soap.

Price for fungicides

You can buy this type of pesticide at markets, outdoor trays and specialized stores for gardeners. It is easy to purchase them in online stores by ordering and paying for your purchase online. Specific prices for the formulations listed above are shown in the table:

Name	Volume, mass	Price, rubles

To combat dangerous diseases and plant pests in the garden, vegetable garden, and indoor flowers, fungicides are often used. What are these substances? What is the reason for the high efficiency of the compositions?

What are fungicides

Substances of biological or chemical origin are used to prevent, eliminate and prevent fungal infections, to control pests for indoor flowers and garden crops. The preparations are effective for protecting seeds during dressing.

Translated from Latin language fungicide means "kills fungi." Timely use of antifungal compounds preserves plant health, increases productivity, and prevents the spread of mycoses.

Properties and Features

The correct use of fungicides for plants guarantees the protection of fruit, vegetable crops, and indoor plants from pathogenic fungi. Consultants at “Home – Garden – Vegetable Garden” stores or specialized departments of construction supermarkets will tell summer residents and amateur flower growers which product will help in a particular case.

Fungicides differ in several parameters and have different strengths of action. When purchasing formulations, you need to take many characteristics into account.

Origin:

organic (antifungal effect is based on the activity of certain bacteria);
inorganic (preparations are made on the basis of various chemical compounds).

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Decomposition rate:

remain in the soil for a long time (inorganic substances);
environmentally friendly, completely biodegradable (components of natural origin).

Impact force:

herbal compositions are “softer”, the effect is weaker, but there are few side effects;
chemicals act faster, more actively, but are often toxic; use requires caution.

Distribution pattern in plant tissues:

contact. They act on the surface of leaves, stems, and have a detrimental effect on fungi upon contact with the active substance;
systemic. Substances penetrate the tissues of fruit and vegetable crops through the vascular system of plants; some drugs even act in the seed coat.

By purpose of use:

soil treatment;
dressing prepared seeds;
spraying plants during the growing season;
prevention of fungal infections when storing grain and vegetable crops;
fight against fungus during the dormant period;
universal compositions.

Note! Biologics have become more popular due to recent years. Summer residents and flower growers decided that it was not worth risking the health of plants: chemicals act more actively, but worsen the condition of the soil. Toxic compounds often provoke poisoning of people if protective measures are not observed when using potent fungicides.

How to use

Treatment is carried out with fungicides in the form of powder (applying to the soil, treating seeds) and solution (spraying plants). Certain types drugs are recommended for different periods of life of fruit and vegetable crops.

When fighting fungal infections of vegetable and fruit crops and indoor flowers, it is important to remember the following protective measures:

wear old clothes that cover the entire body;
wear a medical mask or respirator;
Protect your eyes with special transparent glasses;
After handling any form of antifungal agent, wash your hands well with antibacterial soap;
Clothes cannot be used for everyday wear: dry washed items, iron them, and put them in a separate drawer.

For indoor flowers

Application:

To prevent and treat fungal diseases, treatment is carried out with contact and systemic fungicides;
at home, experts advise paying attention to biological products containing active bacteria;
formulations in the form of an emulsion, powder, or spray solution are suitable for use in city apartments;
Chemical fungicides are allowed to be used before the beginning of the growing season after the end of the flowering and fruit harvesting period. Biological products can be used at any time (some formulations are suitable for processing fruits at harvest).

For garden plants

Application:

Solution and powder are suitable for treating seeds. The product is added to the water while soaking the seeds;
introduction into the soil during digging. Fungicidal powder and antifungal solution (watering) will prevent the development of fungus in the soil;
spraying is carried out in early spring and towards the end of autumn. This method is suitable for antifungal treatment of vegetable and grain storage facilities.

How to breed

Prepare the solution or reduce the concentration of the emulsion according to the instructions for the selected fungicide. For each product there are certain proportions.

General rules:

prepare a container: tank, bucket;
pour in a third of the water;
add powder or add concentrated emulsion;
mix thoroughly;
add the remaining water, mix well again;
To combat fungi, use only a freshly prepared solution: after a few hours, the drugs reduce their activity, especially biological agents.

Advice! You should not prepare a fungicidal agent in reserve. It is forbidden to leave the solution open for storage: this point is critical if there are small children. Pets can also be poisoned if they drink part of the composition.

Review of effective fungicides

When choosing antifungal compounds, it is important to take into account the treatment area, plant species, toxicity, degree of damage to green mass and soil contamination. The list of drugs is compiled based on reviews of agricultural technicians, gardeners, gardeners, summer residents and flower growers.

Strobe

Characteristics of Strobi fungicide:

broad-spectrum fungicide;
effective for combating powdery mildew, basal cancer of stems, rust, scab;
active component – xerozyme-methyl, concentration – 500 g/kg;
release form – water-dispersible granules;
the average price of a bottle (200 g) is 2850 rubles.

Topaz

Characteristics of Topaz fungicide:

systemic protection product different cultures from rust, powdery mildew, and other fungal diseases;
the composition is presented in the form of a concentrated emulsion;
active ingredient – penconazole, concentration – 100 g per 1 l;
high efficiency in the prevention of powdery mildew infection, treatment immediately after the first signs of the disease appear;
application interval – one to two weeks;
in case of active fungus formation, combine the drug Topaz and contact fungicides;
the average price is 120 rubles per 10 ml.

Horus

Characteristic:

fungicide for spraying fruit stone and pome crops;
the drug is effective in combating Alternaria, moniliosis, scab, leaf curl, and fruit rot;
active ingredient – cyprodinil (1 kg contains 750 g of substance);
the fungicide is available in the form of granules for preparing a solution;
one of the advantages is resistance to washout, holds well on plants in cool, damp weather (even at temperatures no higher than +15 degrees);
the last treatment is allowed 14–30 days before harvesting the fruits (depending on the type of plant);
the drug can be used in combination with the fungicides “Topaz” and “Skor”;
the average cost is from 8900 to 11500 rubles.

Quadris

Characteristic:

a new generation low-toxic product is effective for eliminating many types of fungus on fruit, ornamental, vegetable and cereal crops;
active therapeutic and preventive properties;
prolonged action after treatment – up to two weeks;
the suspension concentrate contains azoxystrobin. For 1 liter of the drug there is 250 ml of the active ingredient;
fungicide Quadris is sprayed on the leaves in windless, dry weather. The drug is quickly absorbed and penetrates all plant tissues;
price – from 2770 to 3900 rubles/liter.

Falcon

Characteristics of the Falcon fungicide:

effective processing of beets, grains, grapes;
the combination drug contains three active substances: tebuconazole, triadimenol, spiroxamine;
an emulsion concentrate with several active components prevents resistance to the action of the drug;
number of treatments – one to four depending on the crop;
the average price is 2100 rubles per 1 liter.

Score

Characteristics of fungicide Skor:

highly active broad-spectrum agent;
active ingredient – difenoconazole, concentration – 100 g per/liter;
the emulsion concentrate successfully demonstrated fungicidal properties on fruit trees, potatoes, tomatoes, currants, pumpkin, gooseberries;
the product is compatible with most pesticides;
The working solution cannot be prepared in advance: the activity of the composition will decrease;
the dosage depends on the type of plant;
the preparation is suitable for soaking seeds of indoor flowers;
the effect after treatment occurs within 2 hours;
Estimated cost – from 9400 rubles/liter.

Maxim

Characteristic:

contact-type fungicidal agent actively fights fungi of the Ascomycetes class;
active ingredient – fludioxonil at a concentration of 25 g per 1 l;
a new chemical class of phenylpyrolles, high efficiency compared to many drugs;
a unique fungicide similar in properties to natural antifungal compounds;
Maxim fungicide is suitable for treating garden and indoor flowers, including bulbs, potatoes, shoots, rhizomes and roots;
One treatment is enough;
Estimated cost – 1700 rubles per 1 liter.

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Thanos

Characteristic:

active components: contact substance famoxadone plus local-systemic substance cymoxanil. The concentration of each ingredient is 250 g per 1 kg;
the drug is presented in the form of water-dispersible granules;
composition for processing potatoes;
the product adheres well to the surface and is active;
allowed to be used no more than four times per season;
average cost – 2400 rubles per 400 g.

Topaz

Characteristic:

a systemic product that protects stone fruit, pome fruit, ornamental, berry, vegetable crops, and grapevines from fungus;
active substance – penconazole (per 1 liter – 100 ml of active ingredient);
release form – emulsion concentrate;
moderate degree of toxicity;
processing frequency – once every 10 days;
the average price is 100 rubles per 10 ml.

Switch

Characteristic:

the combined product contains two active ingredients: Cyprodinil and Fludioxonil, exhibits contact and systemic effects;
actively fights gray rot on grapes;
danger class for humans and bees – third;
action: curative fungicide, protective pesticide;
water-dispersible granules are used to prepare the working solution;
the drug Switch is effective for protecting and treating grapes;
improves the safety of the vine, prevents rotting of the berries during transportation;
good resistance to washout;
wide range of operating temperatures;
the average price is 11,000 rubles per liter.

Convertible

Characteristic:

a modern contact fungicide successfully fights fungus even with a high infectious load;
granules are used to prepare an active solution;
a composition with an antifungal effect also exhibits activity as a pesticide;
the combination of Metiram and Pyraclostrobin has a complex effect on pathogens of fungal infections and reduces the risk of resistance;
long-acting fungicide: long intervals between treatments;
easy to dissolve, minimal amount of “dust” when spraying;
The average price of the drug Cabrio TOP is 2600 rubles/liter.

Summer residents, vegetable gardeners, and amateur flower growers believe that it is difficult to grow healthy plants without fungicides. Experienced owners recommend drugs of medium and low toxicity classes of the latest generations. When the fungus is actively growing, it is advisable to combine systemic and contact agents.

Each composition from the list of fungicides is good in its own way. When purchasing, it is important to take into account the type of plant, the degree of infection, and the number of treatments to obtain the result.

Learn more about the properties and use of fungicides in the following video:

In the arsenal of every experienced person there are preparations in the form of an emulsion, powder or suspension. They are simply irreplaceable in the fight against fungal plant diseases. You can find similar agricultural chemicals on sale different types impact. Let's consider the most popular fungicides for and analyze each name in terms of the sensitivity of pathogenic fungi to it.

Did you know? For the first time about chemically processing of plants began in 470 BC Democritus. In his writing, he reflected on the need to spray flowers against powdery mildew with an aqueous infusion of olives. And the ancient philosopher Homer advised the use of sulfur in the fight against pathogenic microbes and pests.

"Trichodermin"

The drug is organic fungicide , based on grain substrate and active soil bacteria Trichoderma lignorum, whose vital activity contributes to the inhibition of fungal spores.

“Trichodermin” is able to cope with 70 types of pathogens of fungal plant diseases. In particular, such as: seed infections, fusarium blight, macrosporiosis, root rot, late blight, rhizoctonia blight.

The product begins to act upon contact with microorganisms without poisoning the culture. It is distinguished by its ability to improve soil fertility, stimulate root nutrition and increase grain germination.

Externally, it is a light powder, which is sold in bags with a capacity of 10 g. For disinfection of root lesions, the contents of the package are diluted in 1 liter of water and moistened with a suspension in a pot. And to treat the aboveground part of flowerpots, the entire drug from the package is dissolved in 5 liters of water. “Trichodermin” is also recommended for prevention during replanting (a pinch is added to the substrate), when rooting Saintpaulia cuttings (a little is poured into the water).

It is better to place the remaining unused solution in a closed container in the cellar and store it for no more than 4 weeks. And when reusing, you should wait until the product reaches room temperature.

Is biological fungicide for plants in the garden and in the house containing bacteria called Bacillus subtilis.
They affect the pathogens of fusarium, powdery mildew, gray and white rot, late blight, leaf spot, clubroot, mildew (downy mildew).

"Gamair" is sold in tablet form. To water flowering and ornamental crops, 1 tablet must be dissolved in 5 liters of water, and for spraying you need 2 tablets and 1 liter of water. To achieve the desired result, disinfection is repeated throughout the week. three times a day.

Bordeaux liquid

This fungicide is on the list of the most powerful drugs against pathogenic microbes and fungi. It can be purchased ready-made, or you can prepare it yourself.

To do this, in separate non-metallic containers you need to pour boiling water (not steep) into 300 g of quicklime and. Then, in each bowl, bring the mixture to the required volume (up to 5 liters) using cold water.

After filtering the lime mortar through several layers of gauze, slowly add the contents of the second container to it. The result should be a bright blue 3% mixture with active copper and acid-neutralizing lime.

Be careful: failure to comply with the proportions will harm the plants. For example, if you do not add enough lime powder, the flowers will receive severe burns after treatment with this product. The given ratio of components is intended for large foci of infection. At the initial stages of the disease, it is recommended to prepare flowerpots in a ratio of 100 g:100 g:10 l.

If the solution remains after processing, it can be stored for 24 hours by adding a teaspoon of sugar (per 10 l).

Important! You can determine the acidity of Bordeaux mixture using an iron nail. If, when lowered into the solution, it becomes covered with a reddish copper coating within 5 minutes, the reaction is acidic.

The fungicide is intended for spraying the above-ground parts of plants and affects pathogens for 2 weeks, does not suppress the proliferation of powdery fungal spores.

The suspension is recommended for treating plants during the flowering period, as it helps to increase the percentage of formed ovaries and the development of roots.

It interacts well with organochlorine and organophosphorus substances, but it cannot be mixed with Bordeaux mixture.

Available in tablet form. To treat underground parts of plants, dilute 2 tablets in a bucket of water, and to spray stems and branches, 1 liter of water and 2 Alirina tablets are enough. For severe infestations, it is recommended to repeat disinfection after a week. Maximum quantity treatments - 3 .

Did you know? In the struggle for harvest, people experimented with different chemical compounds, treating plants with them. The Frenchman Milardet once noticed that after spraying with copper sulfate and lime, the vineyard is not affected by mildew. And so the discovery happened Bordeaux mixture.

"Agate"

It is a biological product with antifungal and antibacterial action. After its use, there is an increase in yield by vegetable crops, increasing seed germination and development of powerful rhizomes.

The fungicide is loved for these qualities, but it is also successfully used as a preventive agent by flower growers.

The active substance of "Agatha" are microorganisms Pseudomonas aureofaciens. The drug goes on sale in 10-gram bottles with a flowable paste. The working solution is prepared at the rate of 3 liters of water per 1 scoop of fungicide. The flowerpots are treated with the resulting composition three times with a 20-day interval.

The product is intended for the preventive treatment of indoor flowers against damage and pathogenic microbes. It is used as one of the components of disinfection mixtures.

The fungicide has an inhibitory effect on other sucking insects, as well as on pathogens of scab, rust, powdery mildew and late blight. For prevention, spraying is carried out 4% green soap solution.

The drug is released in plastic bottles different capacities. A small sediment is allowed at the bottom of the container.

Maximum number of treatments - 3 . If we are talking about disinfection of citrus crops, then the treatment is planned a week before harvesting the fruits.
The solution is prepared depending on the attacking pathogen or pest. For example, for sucking insects, use a mixture of tobacco tincture and “Green soap” in a ratio of 2 l:25 g, and for infections with harmful microorganisms, dissolve 2 g copper sulfate in 1 liter of water and add fungicide to the solution.

Important! Before starting to work with fungicides, be sure to take care of safety, protecting yourself with overalls, rubber shoes, gloves, goggles, a hat, and, if necessary, a respirator.

This fungicide from the list of pesticides for decorative, technical, medicinal, fruit, vegetable, flower, and forest plants.

The active substance of the drug ( copper oxychloride) acts on pathogenic fungi and microbes upon contact with them.

Available in the form of an aqueous suspension, bottled in 50 g bottles and 12.5 liter canisters. Experts note high dispersion active components of the product, which promotes uniform distribution on the stems and leaves of indoor flowers.

In addition, “” is effective as a prophylactic agent and has an effect regardless of temperature conditions. The working solution is prepared by diluting the drug according to the proportions specified in the instructions. The remainder of the suspension can be stored for a long period.

"Fitosporin"

Fitosporin-M is on sale. It is an organic fungicide used to combat diseases caused by fungal spores and bacteria.

Available as powder, liquid or paste dark brown. Among the significant advantages of the substance are its economy, long shelf life and wide spectrum of action. Treatment can be carried out by foliar and root methods. In addition, it is recommended to use “Fitosporin” for soaking seed material, rhizomes of seedlings during planting, protection of flower tubers and bulbs when storing in the cellar for the winter.

Did you know? History includes facts about the use of the drug in 1778 as an insecticide made from crude oil and kerosene to combat scale insects on orange trees.

This biological product is simultaneously an antidote, fungicide and growth stimulator.

Agronomists recommend it for the restoration of plants after herbicidal stress, prolonged droughts, hail, during various fungal infections, with poor grain germination and low yield.
The drug does not have a toxic effect on flowerpots or people. For the purpose of preventive and therapeutic measures, it is used for root rot, bacteriosis, and leaf spot. Active ingredient"Albita" is not addictive to pathogens. Very effective for indoor plants.

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