Handmade in a household plot it takes a lot of effort and time. Plowing the land, hilling potatoes, transporting goods - all this is hard physical work that small ones can make easier. Having experience in plumbing and welding work, you can make a mini tractor with your own hands.
Selecting parameters
The type of activity for which the equipment is intended determines the parameters of the future machine. The dimensions of a homemade mini tractor will depend on the track width, the size of the units and transmission elements, and the engine power is related to such characteristics as the severity of the cargo being transported, the type of soil, and the number of plows used. Therefore, before starting construction of a tractor for household With your own hands you need to decide on the following:
- Dimensions. Maneuverability and the ability to work in small areas depend on them.
- Engine power and type. Diesel engines are more suitable for this type of technology due to their good traction at low speeds. Diesel is 25% more economical than a gasoline engine with the same power. It is more unpretentious and durable.
- The equipment used will depend on engine power, torque at the drive wheels, and ride height. If the technique will be used in winter period, then it is necessary to provide for mounting a blade for clearing snow.
- Availability of PTO. It is needed to connect a potato digger, hay mower, and irrigation system pump.
What drawings will be needed
In order to have clear plan When working on a project to build a mini tractor, you will need a drawing or sketch of it. They are compiled based on the required parameters and those assembly units that need to be installed.
The tractor is assembled at home from components of motorcycles, walk-behind tractors and used cars. Therefore, the drawings are drawn up based on the units that are available.
First, a diagram is drawn on which the engine, gearbox, transfer case, and chassis are located. These assembly units are arranged according to their design features and sizes. A kinematic diagram of torque transmission from the engine to the drive wheels is drawn up. The drawing then displays the design features:
- frame dimensions;
- material;
- attachment points for units, suspensions;
- elements reinforcing the structure.
The remaining drawings are not as important as the frame drawing because they are constantly being adjusted during production.
How to make a homemade mini tractor
The simplest option to make a mini tractor with your own hands is to remake a used walk-behind tractor. It contains almost everything you need for construction:
- engine;
- clutch;
- transmission;
- tractor wheels with axle shafts.
The frame from the walk-behind tractor can be used as a fragment of the frame of a mini tractor. There are mounts for the engine and gearbox. Assembly must be done in the following sequence:
- Weld a frame with all fastening units from rolled metal.
- Install the rear and front axles.
- Secure the engine and transmission elements.
- Collect steering.
- Secure the fuel tank, driver's seat, and protective covers.
- Weld the device for installation attachments.
- Conduct electrical equipment and install lighting fixtures.
You can take it as a basis. A powerful frame is not required to remake it. A square pipe with a cross section of 100 mm is sufficient. On one side the cultivator itself is attached, and on the other, a steering control with a pedal assembly is installed. The gas and clutch control cables are connected to the pedals. A driver's seat is installed in the middle of the structure. The towbar is welded in the rear part.
Frame for a homemade mini tractor
The mini tractor moves off-road, so the power frames tend to experience torsional loads. A channel, angle or square pipe is best suited for them. The size of the frame will depend on the dimensions of the units and the size of the load.
Reverse - the gearbox for the mini-tractor has a gear ratio of 1:4.62, which made it possible to relieve the engine gearbox and obtain good not only traction, but also driving characteristics: on the road the mini-tractor reaches speeds of up to 25 km/h. There are already several similar machines in our city.
They are reliable assistants personal plots; Over many years of use - not a single breakdown! It is possible that our reversible mechanism will be of interest to home-made workers involved in the manufacture of motorized means of mechanization of agricultural labor, as well as those constructing various all-terrain vehicles. The gearbox fits well with any motorcycle (and not only motorcycle) engines that have a sprocket on the output shaft for a conventional roller chain.
Moreover, it can be used as a purely reversible gearbox (transmitting torque from the engine output shaft to the rear axle via a cardan shaft) or as the rear axle itself (with one wheel drive), as is done on our micro-tractors. The gearbox is assembled using parts of the final drive of a decommissioned GAZ-69 car.
The drive bevel gear (its shank is installed in bearings No. 208) receives rotation from the drive sprocket mounted on the shank. Next, the torque is transmitted to one of two driven bevel gears rotating in bearings No. 206 on the splined shaft.
In every at the moment Of these, the one that engages with the reverse sleeve on the central splines of the shaft works. From the latter, the movement of the cardan is transmitted either to the differential or directly to the driving wheel of the vehicle.
The reversible gear housing is made of thick-walled gas pipe diameter 273 mm.
The remaining parts are machined from steel 3, except for the hubs, sprocket, rod, fork and reverse bushing - these are made from steel 45 with subsequent hardening. Special attention attention was paid to the cams of the hubs and reverse bushings, since they carry significant dynamic loads. The degree of pressing of the drive gear to the driven gear is regulated by gaskets between the housing and the flange of the bearing assembly.
The reverse bushing is moved to the right or left (according to the drawing) by a fork sitting on the rod of the reverse mechanism. The final (“forward” or “backward”) and intermediate (“neutral”) positions of the fork are fixed by a spring-loaded ball that fits into the grooves of the rod. The latter is connected to the reverse lever, which controls the reverse gearbox.
Rice. 1. Layout of the reverse gearbox for a mini-tractor: 1- gear housing, 2- driven gear (2 pcs.), 3- hub (2 pcs.), 4- reverse bushing, 5- bearing No. 7506, 6- end plug , 7 - splined shaft, 8 - right gear cover, 9 - pack of gaskets (4 pcs.), 10 - bearing housing, 11 - bearing cover, 12,22 - cuff plugs, 13,23 - sealing cuffs, 14- drive sprocket, 15-bolt M8X 25 (6 pcs.), 16-spacer washers, 17-bolt M10X25 (8 pcs.), 18-bearing No. 208 (2 pcs.), 19-drive gear with shank, 20-left gearbox cover, 21 - bearing No. 206 (6 pcs.), 24-bolt M8X30 (12 pcs.), 25 - spline shaft cover, 26-bolt M8X20 (12 pcs.), 27-bolt M10X20 (12 pcs.), 28—reverse fork, 29—splined flange, 30—reverse activation mechanism, 31—reverse activation lever.
Rice. 3. Left cover of the reverse gear: 1 - cover, 2 - bearing housing.
Rice. 2. Reverse gear housing: 1 - pipe, 2 - ring (2 pcs.), 3 - bearing unit flange.
Rice. 4. Reverse activation mechanism: 1- lining, 2- bushing, 3- rod, 4- casing, 5- nut M16X1.5, 6- reverse fork, 7- threaded head, 8- screw-plug M12X 1.75, 9 - spring, 10-ball, 11-rod fork.
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The electric motor drives the rotation worm gearbox, which rotates the satellite, and the shaft changes the angle of rotation during rotation. Thanks to their design, geared motors with worm gears are characterized by smooth and quiet operation. The essence of the worm mechanism is to slow down the rotation. A worm gearbox may have one or more mechanical planetary gears. Below we will look at how you can make a simple gearbox with your own hands.
As a rule, a good home workshop will have many devices and devices that can be used to make it easier. manual labor and improve work efficiency. For example, such mechanisms include a reduction gear.
One of the main and critical parts of a reduction gearbox is its housing. The shafts and axles of the gearbox serve as supports for the gears. As a rule, in a single-stage gearbox only shafts with rigidly mounted gears are used (pressure fit, keyed or splined).
The axis is used when we need to insert an intermediate gear into the gearbox (for example, to ensure the same direction of rotation of the input and output shafts). The bearings in the gearbox serve as supports for the shafts and absorb the loads that arise during operation of the gearbox.
No less important parts of the gearbox are the gears. It is the geometric dimensions of the gears and their gear ratio that will determine the interaxal distance between the gearbox shafts, as well as the layout of its housing. When installing gears, it is important to correctly set the gap between them, since the load capacity and noise level during operation of the gearbox depend on this.
Shaft seals are needed to prevent oil from leaking out of the gearbox. When I decided to leave that job and start my own business (motor tuning - making arches, backrests, luggage racks...
The gear pair, gearbox, and “glass” are clearly visible. Gearboxes are classified according to the type of mechanical transmission. The screw that forms the basis of the worm gear is similar in appearance to a worm, hence the name. Worm gears use more viscous oils than gear reducers to increase galling resistance. In worm gearboxes Vsk
How to make a reduction gearbox
The direction and angle of the worm wheel teeth are the same as those of the worm threads. There are two main types of worm gears: cylindrical, or simply worm, gears (with cylindrical worms) and globoid (with globoid worms). Compared to ordinary gears, the gear ratio (gear ratio) of a worm gearbox can be significantly larger.
Due to these advantages, worm gears are widely used in hoisting and transport machines, various machine tools and some other machines. Characteristic feature The worm gear motor has a self-braking property. To prevent breakage of the worm pairs, it is better to solder limit washers in advance, which will eliminate axial displacement.
In addition, the gearbox has another and no less important purpose. Thus, by using a gearbox, we simultaneously, with a decrease in speed, seem to increase the power of the engine itself. However, it often happens that even with a gearbox, the power developed by the engine is insufficient to set the model or individual mechanisms in motion.
How can it be! How to find a way out! It turns out there is a way out. It is necessary to abandon the single-stage gearbox and try to calculate a gearbox consisting of two stages, with two pairs of gears. After all, an engine with such a gearbox will allow you to get an output of only about 470 rpm. Then we will select a second pair of gears for the second stage of the gearbox with a gear ratio that would give us the required number of revolutions.
What gears can be used for gearboxes for microelectric motors! The gearbox shaft is connected to the motor shaft with a flexible coupling. A flexible coupling can be a twisted steel wire 0.3 mm spring 15-20 mm long. The spring is put on the ends of the motor and gearbox shafts and soldered.
This defect is explained by the jamming of the worm pair, which leads to gearbox failure. The body of the single-stage gearbox produced by the plant is made of two stamped iron halves, connected together by small claws that fit into slots. When soldering, be sure to use soldering acid, not rosin, and do not forget to rinse the gearbox, dry it and lubricate it afterwards.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
The drill body already contains a planetary gearbox of approximately 3:1. A very powerful machine. Do it yourself - with your own hands" - website interesting homemade products made from scrap materials and items at home.
On sale today different types devices, but many car owners make a winch with their own hands. It is impossible to make a winch without a gearbox. Motorists use the most unusual gearboxes, for example, a trolleybus door opening mechanism.
When choosing a starter, preference should be given to models with a planetary gearbox. Each master develops and implements his own designs. The winch can be made by hand using the following technology. After installing the drum, a gearbox is attached to its axis. An adapter necessary for mounting the starter is installed in the upper part of the gearbox.
For installation, you first need to place the winch at the mounting location and make markings. If the car gets stuck deeply, you can attach a winch and pull the car out of the quagmire.
Anyone who confidently works with chainsaws can make interesting homemade chainsaws with their own hands. welding machine, grinder, and if necessary can stand up to lathe. This chainsaw moped is equipped with a gearbox with a gear ratio of 18:1 and a CVT transmission, which allows you to comfortably move on it at the speed of a regular bicycle.
Since the ice auger operates at low speeds, to adapt the chainsaw motor, it is connected to the auger through a reduction worm gear. It consists of a frame, an engine with a gear reducer, a control panel, a generator and connecting electrical cables. Detail 2.JPG please help, the differential housing rotates, which rotates two satellites, one of which transmits rotation to the engine, and the second satellite is connected to a worm gear.
If the gearbox has helical gears or a worm gear, then an axial load is transmitted to the shaft (and, accordingly, the bearings). Sometimes there is also distortion of the walls in a two-stage gearbox. Sometimes a purchased, working gearbox installed on a model suddenly fails, and an attempt to turn its shaft by hand often leads nowhere.
Home craftsmen try to equip their workshop with a variety of homemade devices that can facilitate physical labor and improve the quality of work. Such a useful device can be considered a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor or mini tractor. This product is used to reduce the speed of the engine working shaft and increase its torque. Before making a gearbox with your own hands, you should carefully study the instructions.
What is a gearbox
This device is a chain or gear mechanism located between the shaft of an electric motor or gasoline engine and the final assembly of the working apparatus.
Main technical characteristics The following values can be considered for a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor:
- maximum transmitted power;
- efficiency;
- number of driven and driving working shafts.
It is worth noting that special worm or gear drives must be attached to the rotational units of the product.
This will help regulate and transmit rotation from one product to another. Located in the frame through holes for bearings with which the side shafts rotate.
Where is the device used?
A reduction gearbox has many advantages. Its design allows you to increase productivity and profitability of large industrial enterprises. It can also be considered an indispensable assistant in the household.
Experts highlight the following areas of application of the device:
- in industry;
- in car gearboxes;
- in various electrical equipment.
The walk-behind tractor uses a reverse manual gearbox, which makes it possible to change speeds. The factory gear ratio is sometimes very small. The designers equipped the unit with a small sprocket on the operating shaft of the gearbox. Interacting with a large star from the wheel of the device, it ensures a decrease in engine speed. An additional sprocket must be put on the working shaft located in the bearing platform. It will transmit torque through the second chain to the wheels of the walk-behind tractor.
Thus, you can assemble a reduction gearbox for an electric motor with your own hands, which will have high torque and a two-stage reduction in the number of engine revolutions. Using a gearbox from any motorcycle, it becomes possible to adjust the speed without pressing the gas handle. The engine will almost always run at low speeds and fail less.
You can make a bevel gear with your own hands from an old scooter or tractor. In this case, the wheeled platform is not used.
It is necessary to install cultivator rollers on the bridge. This option provides optimal operating power and travel speed.
The design of a mini tractor is a mechanism that must be designed so that it can cope with a number of tasks such as cultivating soil, clearing terrain, harvesting grass, etc. In particular, for plowing land, the speed reserve, as well as the power of the unit, is very important, and therefore necessary element diagram is a gearbox. It is located between the gearbox and clutch parts and consists of interlocking gears.
The type of factory or home-made reduction gearbox for a mini tractor depends on its operating efficiency, as well as its ability to overcome difficult terrain conditions, so you need to be very careful when choosing a model and installing it.
Features of the gearbox and its influence on the design of the mini tractor
In most cases, a minitractor that was not assembled at the factory, but independently, is equipped with a gearbox from suitable equipment (walk-behind tractor, motorcycle) or is also made by hand. If you take a ready-made part, then you only need to take into account the correct gear ratios and install it; the second option is more difficult. As a rule, in order to make a homemade gearbox for a mini tractor, a ready-made housing is taken: it is not possible to make it yourself, since in the factory it is made from cast iron or alloys containing aluminum using special equipment. Shafts and gears should be selected taking into account the load on the finished spare part, and bearings, seals and fuses should be selected according to the design.
Reducing gearbox for a mini tractor: possible breakdowns
As a rule, if used incorrectly or in difficult conditions, this part may fail due to the following reasons:
- Excessive physical stress, as a result of which shafts and gears may overheat in spare parts, and gear teeth may break. In the latter case, the breakdown can be diagnosed due to characteristic shocks in the chassis area and the inability to reduce the speed to the desired level.
- Improper care or lack thereof. Inspection of a mini tractor also includes checking the main parts related to the wheelbase and engine, so gearbox faults will be detected fairly quickly.
- Incorrect selection of consumables: lubricants, etc.
Assembly of a reduction gearbox: what needs to be taken into account?
When designing a homemade reverse gearbox for a mini tractor, you should first take into account a number of details:
- The rated power required by the device.
- Torque.
- Gearbox installation angle.
- Number of revolutions per minute.
- Load on the shafts of the spare part along the axis and radius.
- Limits of temperature arising during operation.
- Type of lubricant required.
- Switching cycle (full or variable).
Conclusions
IN homemade mini tractor Controllability is very important, which is directly affected by the number of speeds and the ability of the mechanism to switch between them. The ability to sharply reduce speed to a minimum and increase power is the task of a reduction gearbox, and its installation is mandatory if the minitractor is intended for cultivating soil or removing loose and hard materials from the surface (for example, removing snow, leaves, grass, etc.).
Video
The operation of a homemade reverse gearbox is shown in the video.
The reverse gearbox is included in the main part of the walk-behind tractor - the drive. The durability of the walk-behind tractor depends on its reliability. The task of such a gearbox is to preserve and maintain the performance of the machine in difficult conditions.
Dependence of the mini tractor operation on the gearbox
The walk-behind tractor is designed to facilitate the work of landowners. In order for it to work properly and flawlessly, plowing the ground, removing leaves and dry grass, and planting, it is necessary to have a sufficient supply of power and speed. To find out how to reverse on a walk-behind tractor, you need to familiarize yourself with its structure and the tasks assigned to it.
The lowering reversible unit is called a creeper. They are equipped with all modern installations that run on gasoline or diesel and have air cooling. This addition allows the agricultural machine to operate safely under increased load, such as digging up potatoes, cultivating heavy soil, and plowing. With the help of this reduction unit, it becomes possible to increase power and eliminate wheel pair slipping.
You need to choose power depending on the size of the area:
- 5 hp — from 6 to 10 acres;
- 6 hp - no more than 30 acres;
- 7 hp - up to 50 acres;
For larger plots, a power exceeding 7 hp is selected. The installation diagram includes a gearbox for a mini tractor; it is mounted on the drive shaft, where there is a gearbox on one side and a clutch assembly on the other. It is represented by gears that mesh using a gear train. The reversible gearbox provides a set of required speeds. If you decide to make it yourself, then it must be reliable and withstand loads in difficult areas.
You can simply borrow this unit from another device - a motorcycle or mini tractor. It is important to take into account gear ratios. The reverse gearbox on the walk-behind tractor has a ratio of 1:4.62. Compliance with these values guarantees normal operation of the unit: improved running and traction performance and unloading of the drive gearbox.
Manufacturing of a reversible gearbox
If you want to build a unit at your own discretion, then you cannot do without a borrowed housing. It is impossible to do it yourself outside of the factory. The material used is cast iron or aluminum alloy. The body is produced at special equipment. To make a reversible gearbox at home, you need to start with the housing. If it was not possible to select from other mechanisms, then it can be built from a gas pipe with thick walls with an outer diameter of 2.73 cm. Internal components: axles, gears. They must withstand the loads to which the homemade reverse gearbox will be subjected. Regarding seals, bearings, fuses, it is recommended to select them based on the design.
A homemade reverse unit can actually be assembled from the elements that make up the main gear on a used GAZ-69 car. Hubs, bushings for reverse, sprockets, rod, fork are machined from metal. 45 steel is suitable for this. Finished parts must be hardened. You should be very careful in the manufacture of cams on the hubs, as well as reversible bushings, since they will be subject to increased dynamic loads. The drive and driven gears must be isolated from each other by a gasket, the thickness of which can be adjusted to the degree of their pressing.
How to assemble a gearbox with high quality
Schemes for switching the direction of movement of an agricultural machine are as follows:
- The drive sprocket, located on the main shaft, transmits the torque to the bevel gear, which is the drive gear.
- 2 bevel driven gears are mounted on a splined shank. One of them, which is engaged by a reversible bushing with a spline on the main shaft, begins to rotate. In this way, transmission occurs either to the differential or to the wheels of the car.
- The rod of the reversing device is equipped with a fork. It flips the direction-changing sleeve to the right in one direction, or to the left in the other direction, or to neutral. This is how commands are implemented that change the direction of movement.
- A homemade reversible gearbox is controlled using a rod lever.
A do-it-yourself reduction unit will be considered high quality if the following factors were taken into account during its manufacture:
- rated power;
- permissible limit temperature under extreme conditions;
- rotation speed;
- permissible loads on axles and parts;
- the angle of the gearbox;
- torque value;
- type of lubricant for rubbing parts;
- frequency of work.
If the gearbox for a mini tractor is used incorrectly, it may fail. The following reasons may lead to this:
- excessive load causes a large release of heat, this leads to overheating of the shaft and transmission parts, teeth may break, shocks will be heard in the chassis, and uncontrollability will appear when the speed decreases;
- incorrect choice of gear ratio;
- neglect current repairs, which includes a preliminary inspection of the engine and main components.
Thus, since the walk-behind tractor has a certain speed range, it is therefore important that when switching them, the functionality of all components is maintained.
A self-made gearbox ensures an increase in power with a sharp drop in speed to a minimum value.
The lowering unit must necessarily complement the design of the machine, since it is used to cultivate the ground, remove snow, leaves, grass, and various materials.