Plum can often be found on garden plots in the central regions of Russia. Not everyone manages to achieve the desired result every year - sometimes the weather lets you down, sometimes the tree suddenly gets sick, sometimes it produces fruits irregularly. In a word, there can be any number of factors playing against the gardener. And I want to treat myself to the harvest. And here the proven and proven Volzhskaya Beauty variety, which has quite a lot of remarkable features, can come to the rescue.
Description of the Volzhskaya Beauty variety
The story of the Volga beauty begins back in 1939 in the city of Kuibyshev. Local breeders crossed the Skorospelka and Renclod Bave varieties and got something new, well adapted to local growing conditions. And only 25 years later the variety was included in the State Register for the Middle Volga, Lower Volga and Central regions, thus fully justifying its name. Volga beauty is an early, self-fertile (does not require planting other pollinating varieties nearby) variety that produces a large harvest of dessert fruits. That is, they can be used both in fresh, and in various preparations.
The tree of this variety is very tall - it can reach 7 meters. The crown is spherical, its foliage is not very dense. The fruits appear on bouquet branches. The bark on the trunk is gray and smooth. The shoots are thickened and grow straight. The leaves are large, elliptical in shape with a sharp tip, with some serration along the edges. The color is light green, the edge is medium. The petiole is medium in size, thickened. The flowering of the Volga beauty is powerful, each inflorescence contains 2 - 3 flowers.
The fruits grow large, slightly elongated in shape. On average, one fruit weighs about 30 - 35 grams. There is a narrowing in the lower part. You can easily see the abdominal suture. The peduncle is medium in size, thick, and easy to separate from the branch. The skin is quite dense, purple and red in color. The waxy coating is clearly visible. The seed is medium in size and can be easily separated from the fruit pulp. The pulp itself is yellow with an orange tint, tender and very juicy in taste, sweet and sour. The taste of the Volga Beauty fruits deserved 4.5 points on the tasting scale.
This plum variety is distinguished by high yield, which, however, does not manifest itself in all climatic conditions. The older the tree, the more fruit it produces.
Advantages and disadvantages (table)
Planting plum
Place and soil preparation
To find a suitable place for a plum, you need to take into account the degree of illumination of the place and the topography of the area. The best location will be on a hill, well illuminated by the sun. The soil needs to be drained, with good aeration (breathable). The best option it will become light loam. Do not plant plums in lowlands where water lingers, or where groundwater are located at a level above 2 meters to the ground surface.
The planting site is prepared in advance - two weeks in the fall or spring. The parameters of the planting pit are half a meter deep and up to 80 cm in diameter. A mixture of fertilizers is added here, which will be enough for the first two years of the seedling’s life. The composition and proportions depend on the time of planting. So, in the fall, the pit is filled with fresh manure (4 buckets) mixed with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers (200 - 250 g), and in the spring, instead of manure, rotted compost is added in the same amount and 100 g of potassium and phosphorus each.
At increased acidity the soil must be limed - for this purpose, take 200 g of quicklime and dilute it in 10 liters of water.
How to choose healthy seedlings
The best planting material are two-year-old seedlings with roots 10 cm or more in length. Root system should be at least a little moisturized. Dry roots indicate that the tree most likely will not survive. There should be no dry branches on the seedling. The bark should be smooth and free of any damage.
At the beginning of the season, as well as towards its end, many retail outlets, called garden markets, where all kinds of seedlings are sold. But it is still more profitable to purchase plums, like many other crops, in a nursery or in specialty stores. This way you will avoid mis-grading and can count on a healthy product.
Planting process
Check the seedling for broken or damaged branches and roots. If there are already leaves on it, remove them. Once you've checked your plum tree, it's time to start planting.
- Pour fertile soil on top of the laid fertilizer so that you get a mound, and install a peg for the garter.
- We place the seedling on this very mound and carefully straighten the roots in all directions in the direction of the slopes of the embankment.
- We begin to fill the pit with earth, periodically shaking the plant by the trunk so that there are no voids near the roots of the plum. As a result, the root collar should be at least 5 cm above ground level, and preferably more. This is done so that when the soil compacts and the seedling is pulled down, the neck remains above the ground.
- We tie the seedling to a peg - now it will protect the young tree in case of strong winds.
- We build an earthen roller with a diameter of half a meter around the trunk, which will not allow water to spread during watering.
- We water our plum tree - three buckets of water are needed for one tree.
- Once the water is absorbed, we mulch the tree trunk circle (use rotted sawdust or manure). You can also use fresh soil or soil for this purpose.
If you are planting several trees at once, use a 4x2.5m or 4.5x3m pattern.
Although the Volga beauty is self-fertile, to increase the yield next to it you can still plant varieties such as Mirny, Skorospelka red or Zhiguli.
Plant care
It is imperative to take care of your plum tree. Without your attention, it will quickly weaken, will often get sick and bear small and ugly-shaped fruits. Take care of such aspects as watering, pruning and fertilizing, but also do not forget about periodic loosening and weeding.
Watering
Watering a plum tree is a subtle concept. On the one hand, a lack of moisture can provoke massive loss of ovaries, on the other, its excess causes cracks in the skin of the fruit. The most important periods of the season that require abundant watering- this is the time after flowering and setting, as well as fruit filling, after harvesting, before the onset of frost.
One tree requires 6 to 8 buckets of water, and pre-winter watering requires 15 to 25 buckets. Water the plum with water at street temperature or warm. Under no circumstances use a well or key immediately; be sure to let it sit and warm up.
After each watering, mulch the tree trunk using humus or peat. This layer will help moisture remain in the soil longer and prevent the formation of a crust on the surface of the earth.
Loosening and weeding
Only at first glance it may seem that weeding and loosening are not of particular importance. In fact, they greatly help the development of the tree, and their absence can have a very unpleasant effect.
Periodic loosening allows the soil to easily pass air to the roots, saturating them with oxygen. It is required to loosen it after each watering and precipitation during the warm season. In addition, loosening can be successfully combined with weeding, which also has an important goal - getting rid of weeds that take away water and water from a young seedling. nutrients. What’s even worse is that weeds often harbor pathogenic microorganisms and harmful insects, which will soon migrate to the plum tree. Therefore, periodic weeding should be on your to-do list not only in the first years of plum cultivation, but also in all subsequent years.
Trimming
During the first year after planting, no action is required with the plum. But in the second year, the tree is shortened so that its height above ground level is one meter. In addition, in the second year the plum begins to increase side shoots, which will also need pruning. This way you will begin to form a crown.
There is a sparse-tiered method with which the crown of the Volga beauty plum is formed (three tiers are created):
- The first tier is formed at a height of 60 to 70 cm above ground level, three branches are used.
- The second tier will be located 60 cm higher than the first, and two branches will be used in it.
- The third tier will be 50 cm higher and consists of one branch. The trunk, which is located above it, will need to be removed after a year by cutting it into a ring.
In the future, pruning will consist of periodic thinning of the crown. Branches that grow inward, as well as those that intersect and thicken the crown, are removed. In the fall, carry out sanitary pruning. In this case, damaged, dry and disease- or pest-affected shoots must be removed.
Video: pruning annual plum seedlings
Feeding
Fertilizers are applied throughout the season. The most active time is spring. In spring and autumn, root feeding is used, while in summer - foliar feeding.
The spring period can be divided into three parts: before flowering, during flowering and after it. In the first case, ammonium nitrate is added to the tree trunk circle for digging - 30 g per square meter. In the second, 20 g of urea are diluted in 10 liters of water, and 5 liters of solution are used per tree. And in the third, a solution is used chicken droppings: 1 kg of this fertilizer in dry form is placed in a bucket of water and left to infuse for a couple of days. One tree should use 2 liters of solution. After 2 - 3 weeks, the plum should be fed in this way again.
In summer, in the second part of June, fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus are used. Mixture: nitrophoska (3 tbsp), superphosphate (3 tbsp) and potassium sulfate (2 tbsp), dilute in 10 liters of water. One tree requires 20 to 30 liters of solution.
In autumn, the time to apply fertilizing is in the last ten days of September. At this time, add a fertilizer mixture consisting of potassium chloride (2 tbsp) and superphosphate (3 tbsp). Potassium chloride can be replaced with sulfur dioxide. 20 liters of solution are consumed per tree. Also, during digging, superphosphate (100 g) and potassium magnesia (110 - 120 g) are poured into the tree trunk circle.
Diseases and pests
The Volga beauty plum has good resistance to various diseases and pests. Sometimes simple preventive measures are enough to save yourself from unnecessary hassle. However, there is still no 100% guarantee of peace of mind, and knowledge of how to protect a tree at the first signs of a particular disease is simply necessary if you want to preserve your future harvest.
Table: diseases and pests of the Volga beauty plum
| Disease/pest | Signs of defeat | Control and prevention measures |
| Moniliosis | Appear on the fruits brown spots with numerous gray spore pads collected in rings. The fruits rot right on the branches and dry out. Affected leaves turn brown, dry out and fly off. | Moniliosis and clasterosporiasis, both fungal diseases, are treated with similar remedies.
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| Hole spot (clusterosporiosis) | Reddish and brown spots, which dry out over time and fall out of the leaf plates, leaving holes. | |
| Cherry elephant | The buds, ovaries and fruits are damaged, resulting in the loss of a significant part of the harvest. |
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| Plum aphid | The leaves at the ends of the shoots curl, wrinkle and dry out. The shoots are bent and development is inhibited. |
|
Photo gallery: how to recognize diseases and pests
Moniliosis is easily recognized by its numerous small spore pads.Harvest and storage
What the Volga beauty is truly famous for is its harvests. The first fruits can be removed from the tree already in the 4th - 5th year of its life. young tree on average brings 8 - 10 kg per season, and at the age of about 10 years and older the figure grows from 10 to 22 kg. The harvest begins towards mid-August and lasts almost until the end of the month.
Plums are harvested in clear, dry weather so that they can last longer. Collect in rainy weather makes no sense - the fruits will quickly turn sour and lose their best qualities. They put them in plastic containers or wooden boxes, in which paper is placed. In total, the plum is laid in no more than 3 - 4 layers.
In room conditions, the collected plum variety Volzhskaya Krasnitsa will last for several days. At the same time, at a temperature of +20...+25°C, unripe plums are usually left, which are prohibited from being left on a balcony or windowsill, that is, where they will be exposed to direct sun rays. In the refrigerator at a temperature of +4...+6°C, the shelf life will be about two weeks. Relative air humidity should not exceed 90%, otherwise the plums will begin to deteriorate much faster.
Despite the long shelf life of plums in the refrigerator, it is better to eat them or put them into processing as soon as possible, since every day the benefits and good taste in the fruits become less and less.
The Volga beauty plum is good fresh, as well as in jams, jams, syrups and confitures. Delicious juice is obtained from it, compotes are boiled, and wine is made.
BOGATYRSKAYA
The variety was bred at the Dubovsky stronghold of the Nizhnevolzhsky Research Institute of Agriculture from crossing the Ispolinskaya and Vengerka local varieties. Authors: R.V. Korneev, V.A. Korneev. Entered into the State Register in 1987.
The trees are medium-sized, the crown is spreading, of medium density. The branches extend from the trunk at an acute angle. The branches are gray and crooked. The shoots are strong, medium in length and thickness. The fruits are large, average fruit weight 30-40 g, elongated oval, dark purple, with a waxy coating. The pulp is greenish-yellow, juicy, sourish-sweet, good taste, tender, gristly. The stone is medium, oval, medium separated from the pulp. The weight of the stone to the weight of the pulp is 7-8%. The juice is colorless. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and various types processing.
Flowering occurs in early May. Fruit ripening at the end of the second ten days of August. The fruiting season begins 4-5 years after planting as annuals in the garden. It works well on large-fruited sloe, felt cherry, cherry plum, plum, apricot. Depending on the rootstock, the longevity of trees ranges from 15 to 30 years. The variety is self-fertile. Productivity is high and stable. The harvest is characterized by rapid growth; 5-6 year old trees can produce up to 50-70 kg of fruit. The average yield of mature trees is 60-80 kg per tree. Winter hardiness is high. Slightly damaged by diseases and pests. The variety is suitable for mechanized fruit harvesting. Transportability is very good. The variety is suitable for cultivation in intensive gardens.
Advantages of the variety: high winter hardiness, fruit quality, productivity.
Disadvantages of the variety: the ability of the tree to be overloaded with the harvest, while the fruits become smaller, the branches
HUNGARIAN VORONEZH
A green Renklod seedling grafted into the red Skorospelka crown. Authors: A.N. Venyaminov, A.G. Turovtseva A.G., A.I. Astakhov. Zoned in the south of the Central Black Earth zone and in the southern regions of the country.
Tree medium strength growth, with a raised paniculate crown. Winter hardiness is average. The tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. Flowering later. The variety is self-sterile, pollinated by domestic plum varieties late dates flowering. The variety is characterized by a prolonged growing season, late leaf fall, and freezes slightly in particularly severe winters. But at the same time it has good restorative ability. Resistant to diseases.
The fruits are one-dimensional, large (30-35 g), teardrop-shaped, brownish-blue in color. The pulp is olive-green, dense, crisp, sour-sweet with a strong aroma. The fruits are excellent taste qualities(5 points), resemble a southern prune. The medium-sized stone lags behind well in ripe fruits. The fruits ripen later, in the first ten days of September. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and for various types of technological processing (compotes, jam, juices, etc.). The yield in full-age plantings at three state variety plots (Krylovsky, Pavlovsky, Belgorod) over a number of years was: average - 140 c/ha, maximum - 225 c/ha; from one tree, 30 kg and 45 kg of fruits, respectively.
The main advantage of Hungarian Voronezh is that it is the best variety from the group of canned varieties. The fruits are suitable for producing first-class compotes and even for drying.
Disadvantage of the variety: due to late maturing In cool summer seasons, plums sometimes do not have time to ripen fruits, although the fruits ripen well when stored.
HUNGARIAN DONETSK EARLY
The variety was obtained from free pollination of Renklod violet (Prince). Based on a number of morphological characteristics of the tree, it can be assumed that the paternal variety is Hungarian Azhanskaya. Author L.I. Taranenko. Included in the standard assortment for the steppe zone of Ukraine.
The trees are vigorous with a rounded crown and characteristic twisting annual shoots. Frost resistance of wood and flower buds is good. During prolonged droughts, the leaves lose turgor, but unlike most other varieties, this has little effect on the taste of the fruit. Early fruiting and productivity are high, the average yield from a 10-year-old tree is 55-60 kg, the maximum is 120 kg.
The fruits ripen in mid-August, round-oval with an average weight of 25-30 g. At the stage of removable maturity, they are greenish-blue, when fully ripe they are blue or dark blue, with a strong bluish bloom. The pulp is bright green, dense, crispy, very sweet with slight acidity, excellent taste with a tasting score of 5 points. In terms of taste, this variety has no equal in the world assortment of plums, and whoever tried them at the tasting will not eat the fruits of any other varieties. The fruits can hang on the tree for a long time - about a month, almost without crumbling and without losing the dessert taste. It blooms early. The best pollinators are Renklod Karbysheva, Hungarian Donetsk.
HUNGARIAN CAUCASIAN
Variety of the Crimean Experimental Breeding Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing named after. N.I. Vavilova. Origin: Renclod Altana x Sochi Jubilee. Authors: G.V. Eremin, S.N. Zabrodina, L.A. Turovskaya. Promising for the North Caucasus region.
The tree is vigorous with an oval sparse crown.
The fruits are medium sized, oval. The skin is purple, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is yellow, dense, sweet, of excellent taste. Medium sized pit, detachable. The fruits are transportable and good for fresh consumption and canning. One of the best varieties for making dried fruits. Ripens in the middle - in mid-August. Productivity is high. Winter hardiness is high. Precocious. Self-sterile. Resistant to moniliosis, clasterosporiosis, polystigmosis, and rust.
HUNGARIAN KUBAN
Obtained at the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture from crossing Anna Shpet x Early Diapre. Author M. A. Kolesnikov. Entered into the State Register in 1959 for the North Caucasus region.
The tree is medium-sized, with a round-oval crown.
The fruits are above average in size or large (35 g), oval, somewhat asymmetrical, with a small neck. The ventral suture is well defined. The skin is dark purple, with a thick waxy coating. The funnel is small. The peduncle is long and thick. The pulp is greenish-yellow, dense, juicy, tender. The taste is sweet and sour, good. Medium ripening period. Universal purpose. Productivity is high and annual. Self-fertile. Relatively winter-hardy, drought-resistant variety.
VITEBSK LATE
Seedling of the Plum Markova variety. Obtained from the Berorussian Research Institute of Fruit Growing. Authors: E.P. Syubarova, V.A. Matveev. Entered into the State Register in 2002 in the Central region.
The tree is medium-sized, with a paniculate crown of medium density.
The fruits are large (30-35 g), round-oval in shape. The main color is dark red, the outer color is blue-gray. The stone is medium in size (up to 4.3% of the fruit weight) and when fully ripe is easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is pale yellow, juicy, slightly gristly, sweet and sour, tasting score 4.0 points. Chemical composition of the pulp: dry matter content - 14.6%, acids - 2.2%, sugars - 12.1%, pectin substances - 0.7%. Expiration date: September. A medium-late ripening variety, winter-hardy, productive (up to 20 t/ha with a planting pattern of 5 x 3 m on a cherry plum seed rootstock). It begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the garden on a seed rootstock. Partially self-fertile. Resistant to clasterosporiosis.
VOLGA BEAUTY
Removed by E.P. Finaev at the Kuibyshev Experimental Station for Horticulture in 1939 from crossing the varieties Skorospelka red and Renclad Bave. Included in the State Register in 1965 for the Central, Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions.
The tree is large and fast growing. The crown is spherical, raised, of medium density. Fruits mainly on bouquet branches. The fruits are large, one-dimensional, with an average weight of 34 g. The shape of the fruit is oval-round, narrowed towards the base. The apex of the fruit is round, slightly depressed. The skin is medium, bare, with a strong waxy coating, and can be easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is yellow-orange, tender, juicy; The color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp. The juice is colorless. The taste is sweet and sour. The bone separates from the pulp well. The main purpose of the variety is dessert. It can also be used for technical processing. The variety is almost self-fertile. The best pollinators: Skorospelka red, Ternosliv Kuibyshevskaya, Mirnaya, Zhiguli. Flowering May 11-20. The fruit ripening period is early. Fruit harvesting dates are August 10-25. The calendar dates for fruit consumption are August 10 - September 5. Transportability of fruits is average. Trees begin to bear fruit in 4-5 years. Fruit yield at the age of 6-8 years is 8-10 kg, at the age of 9-12 years - 12-25 kg. Fruiting is annual. The variety is high-yielding. The strength of fruit attachment is good, higher than that of the red ripening plant.
The trees are no lower in winter hardiness than trees of the Skorospelka red variety. Flower buds are inferior in winter hardiness to Skorospelka red. In the Middle Volga region, the death of flower buds was often observed in Volga beauty trees, therefore good harvests happen only in favorable years. The variety had average freezing: at the age of 5-8 years - 0.4 points; at the age of 15-16 years - 1.0 points.
Does not suffer in dry years. Gum discharge is rarely observed. Fruits are also rarely affected by gray rot, mainly when they are damaged by cherry moths and plum moths. The incidence of the latter is weak - 0.5-1%.
Requires well-protected and illuminated flat locations or light slopes. Grows well on medium or light loamy chernozems, marly clay, and moderately moist areas. It responds to watering and fertilizers with a significant increase in yield and fruit quality. It can be formed according to a tiered or sparsely-tiered system, in a semi-standard or low-standard form. It tolerates pruning well.
Advantages of the variety: high annual yield, early ripening, good winter hardiness, large size of beautiful fruits of excellent taste.
Disadvantages of the variety: large tree size, insufficient winter hardiness of flower buds, cracking of fruits in wet years.
DONETSK CANNING
The variety was obtained from pollination of the Vengerka azhanskaya variety with a mixture of pollen from 30 best varieties of plums; “it is assumed that the father variety is Ispolinskaya, the pollen of which was involved in the mixture; authors Taranenko L.I., Sychov A.I.
The tree is medium-sized with a rounded crown and characteristic large leaves. Winter hardiness is good, drought resistance is reduced, so it is recommended for irrigated areas. Early fruiting and productivity are good
The fruits ripen in late August - early September, very large, with an average weight of 45-50 g, individual fruits weigh 95-100 g, one of the most large-fruited varieties plums . The color of the fruit is reddish-violet with a strong blue tinge. The pulp is green, dense, sweet with a slight acidity, juicy, with a plum flavor, dessert with a rating of 4.5 points. The stone is usually semi-separable, but depending on the year it can be completely non-separable or separable. The variety produces high-quality compotes,
Fruits are prone to fruit rot, so appropriate chemical treatments are necessary. Flowering period is average.
EURASIA 21
A complex interspecific hybrid obtained from spontaneous hybridization of the diploid variety Lacrescent, bred in the USA by Professor Alderman. Selected from seedlings of the hexaploid group from free pollination (6x=48). Diploid species (2x=16) of East Asian, American plum, Simon plum, Chinese plum, cherry plum and domestic plum (6x=48) took part in the formation of the Eurasia 21 genotype. Originator - Voronezh State agricultural university. Authors: A.N. Venyaminov, A.G. Turovtseva. Entered into the State Register in 1986 for the Central Black Earth region.
The tree is large, with a spreading crown of a mosaic structure: fruiting wood and the color of the bark of the branches are like those of American plum species.
The fruits are round, above average in size (weight 25-30 g), burgundy in color, with a strong waxy coating, very attractive in appearance. They ripen early, in the first ten days of August. The pulp is yellow-orange, juicy, sweet and sour, aromatic. The taste qualities of the fruit according to the organoleptic method are good. The stone is medium-sized, flattened, slightly separable from the pulp.
Eurasia 21 is used for fresh consumption as an early ripening table variety. In technological processing it can be suitable for preparing very aromatic juice with pulp and jam.
The plant is self-sterile (the pollen is not viable). The best pollinators are varieties of domestic plums, the flowering periods of which approximately coincide with the flowering periods of Eurasia 21 (Record, Renklod Harvest, Mayak, Renklod Collective Farm, etc.).
The tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. At favorable conditions pollination and fertilization, the yield is high. In the rainy and cold month of May, the setting rate is sharply reduced.
According to long-term data, the yield at three state variety plots (Krylovsky, Pavlovsky, Belgorod) was: average - 257 c/ha, maximum - 403 c/ha, and in 1982 in the Krylovsky GSU the variety yield reached 665 c/ha. An average harvest of 50 kg was collected from one tree, with a maximum of 80-100 kg.
The winter hardiness of the tree, flower buds and root system is high. The roots of Eurasia 21 can withstand temperature drops in the root layer down to -20°C, while the roots of domestic plum seedlings can only withstand -8-10°C.
Eurasia 21 is used not only as an early table variety, but also as a winter-hardy seed and partially clonal rootstock. With green cuttings, it roots by 60-70%. Eurasia 21 trees can also be used as good boles and skeleton-formers for plum varieties with damaged bark on the boles.
Disadvantage of the variety: huge trees (requires a weak rootstock); the high acidity of the fruit and some looseness of the pulp do not allow the fruit to be used for cooking compotes.
ZARECHNAYA EARLY
The variety was obtained by crossing Eurasia 21 with the domestic plum variety Volzhskaya Krasavitsa and Krasnaya Dessertnaya. Originator - All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection fruit plants them. I.V. Michurina. Author G.A. Kursakov. Entered into the State Register in 1988 for the Central Black Earth region.
Tree with a compact spherical crown, medium vigor. The crown is of medium density and foliage. The shoots are slightly curved, dark brown, with rather short internodes of medium thickness. The fruits are large, with an average weight of 40 g, a maximum of about 50 g. The fruits are oval-round, attractive, dark purple, with a strong waxy coating, with clearly visible subcutaneous points. The apex of the fruit is depressed, the funnel is deep. The abdominal suture is deep. The pulp is amber in color, dense, tender, juicy, sour-sweet, pleasant taste, tasting score 4.5 points. Biochemical composition: dry substances - 16.84%, sugars - 7.85%, acids - 1.56%, P-active substances - 200 mg/100g, ascorbic acid - 13.5 mg/100g. A variety for tableware purposes. The stone is oval, medium in size, easily separated from the pulp. The dorsal suture is sharp, the ventral suture is wide with clearly visible ribs. The stalk is short, thick, light green.
Trees begin to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. They ripen early, simultaneously, at the end of the third ten days of July. Productivity is good. The winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is high.
Advantages: increased winter hardiness of wood and flower buds, medium-sized trees, good annual yield, large, elegant fruits of early ripening and high taste.
Disadvantages: none identified.
KUBAN LEGEND
enclave Altana x Sochi anniversary. Originator - Crimean Experimental Breeding Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing named after. N.I. Vavilova. Authors: G.V. Eremin, S.N. Zabrodina, L.A. Turovskaya. Zoned in the North Caucasus region since 1987.
The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal crown at a young age, then broadly oval, of medium density. The stem is straight, gray-brown, slightly cracked, there are many lentils, medium in size. Fruits back ovoid, unequal, large, height 43 mm, width 32 mm, thickness 33 mm, weight 32 g. The main color is green, the cover is red-violet, solid (100% of the surface). There is no pubescence. The wax coating is thick. The color of the pulp is yellow-green, the cut darkens medium in air, the color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp. The pulp has a granular fibrous consistency and is dense. The fruits are beautiful, resistant to cracking, and adhere well to the tree after ripening. The pulp is very sweet, of high taste. The separation of the stalk from the fruit is dry. The variety is universal, good for transportation, fresh consumption, and the best variety for preparing prunes. The flowering period is average - in mid-April, the variety is self-sterile. The ripening period is medium-late - at the end of August. Early fruiting - bears fruit in 3-4 years. The tree is durable. Winter hardiness is high. The regularity of fruiting is average. Productivity is high. Drought resistance is average. Resistant to moniliosis, clasteroporosis, polystigmosis, and rust. The variety is suitable for gardens using intensive technologies. It reproduces well by shoots.
Advantages of the variety: high yield, winter hardiness, high dried fruit quality of the fruit.
Disadvantages: infertility, tendency to form sharp corners branches departing from the trunk.
EARLY KUBAN
Seedling from free pollination of the Vengerka Vienna variety. Originator - Crimean Experimental Breeding Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing named after. N.I. Vavilova. Authors: G.V. Eremin, L.L. Danilova. Zoned in the North Caucasus region since 1987.
Tree of medium vigor, broad oval, sparse crown. The fruit is large, oval in shape, maximum diameter in the middle, symmetrical, the seam is poorly defined. The main color is yellow, the outer color is violet. There is no pubescence. Subcutaneous dots are few and white. There are no strokes. The waxy coating is average. The skin is medium thick, elastic, and difficult to separate. The pulp is yellow, medium dark when cut. The consistency is fine-fiber, medium density, juicy, sugar content and acidity are average. The taste is sweet and sour. The fruits are suitable for consumption in cut form and for canning, and are transportable. Rating of canned food: frozen fruits - 4.1 points, dried fruits - 4.0 points, compote - 4.2 points, juice with pulp - 4.2 points, marinade - 4.6 points. The fruits contain, by wet weight: dry matter - 13.48%, sugars - 8.47%, acids - 0.83%, sugar acid index 8.47, pectin - 0.31%, polyphenols - 540 mg/100g , anthocyanins - 61.7 mg/100g, ascorbic acid - 4.5 mg/100g.
The average flowering period is mid-April. Self-sterile. The ripening period is early, in mid-July. Winter hardiness is high, drought resistance is average. Resistant to polystigmosis and perforated spotting, but is susceptible to monilial burn. Productivity is average.
Advantages of the variety: early maturation, large fruits of good quality.
Disadvantages: moderate yield, vigorous growth.
KUBAN Dwarf
Hungarian Wangenheim x mixture of dried fruit varieties. Originator - Crimean Experimental Breeding Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing named after. N.I. Va-vilova. Authors: G.V. Eremin, L.A. Turovskaya. Entered into the State Register in 1998 for the North Caucasus region.
A tree with a wide-rounded, dense crown. Fruits on annual growth and overgrowing branches up to 4-5 years of age.
The fruit is oval-shaped, unequal, medium-sized, height 37 mm, width 30 mm, thickness 32 mm, weight 27 g. The main color is green, the outer color is dark purple, it occupies the entire surface of the fruit. There is no pubescence. The waxy coating is average. The apex is elongated, the base is oval. The abdominal suture is poorly developed and does not crack. The peel is difficult to separate, medium thickness, loose. The color of the pulp is yellow-green and darkens medium when exposed to air. The color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp, the consistency is fine-fibrous, of medium density; medium juiciness. The stone is ovoid. It separates well from the pulp.
The fruits are resistant to cracking, transportable, good for fresh consumption and for canning, including for preparing prunes. The average flowering period is in mid-April. Self-fertile. The average ripening period is in early August. Early fruiting - bears fruit in 3-4 years. Winter hardiness is high. Drought resistance is average. Resistant to moniliosis, polystigmosis, clasterosporiosis, and rust. Productivity is high and fruits regularly.
The variety is one of the best for intensive gardens.
Advantages of the variety: low growth, self-fertility, high quality fruits, high productivity and winter hardiness.
Disadvantages: fruit size is not large enough.
KUIBYSHEVSKAYA BLUE
Removed by E.P. Finaev at the Kuibyshev Experimental Station for Horticulture from crossing the varieties Ternosliv Kuibyshevskaya with Renclaude Bave. Entered into the State Register in 1988 for the Middle Volga region.
The tree is medium-sized and fast-growing. The crown is oval-spherical, of medium density. Fruiting on 2-3 year old branches The fruits are medium, one-dimensional, with an average weight of 25.1 g. The shape is oval-round; the attachment to the seed is not strong. The main color is green, the cover color is blue, solid. Subcutaneous points: medium number, white. The skin is medium, bare, with a strong waxy coating, and is difficult to remove from the fruit. The pulp is green, tender, juicy, the color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp. The juice is colorless. The taste is sweet and sour. The stone is moderately separated from the pulp, medium, ovoid, blunt, in pits. The main purpose of the variety is universal. The fruits are suitable for making jam and compotes.
Flowering May 10-20. The fruit ripening period is medium late. Fruit harvesting dates are August 12-22. The commercial and consumer qualities of the fruit are good. The transportability of the fruit is good. Fruits picked 3-5 days before ripeness are well stored for 10-12 days. Trees begin to bear fruit at 5-6 years of age. The productivity of Kuibyshev blue trees is quite high: at the age of 7-8 years - up to 25-30 kg, at the age of 9-12 years - up to 25-30 kg. Most healthy trees produce fruit yields of up to 45 kg per tree. Fruiting is annual. The fruits are attached well to the tree and do not fall off.
The variety is quite self-fertile. The best pollinators for the variety: Skorospelka red, Zhiguli, Mirnaya, Ternosliva Kuibyshevskaya.
The winter hardiness of the trees of the variety is quite high. In the winter of 1978/79. the trees had a total frost degree of 1.2 points. The drought resistance of the trees of the variety is average. It is not susceptible to moniliosis. It is subject to little gum treatment. In some years, 0.5% of fruits are affected by the plum moth.
It grows best in elevated areas and light slopes. Requires well-drained soils of light and medium mechanical composition - sandy, sandy loam and light loam. At a young age, formative pruning is necessary, at an old age - rejuvenating pruning.
Advantages of the variety: high annual yield.
Disadvantages of the variety: fruits are not large enough.
PEACEFUL
Removed by E.P. Finaev at the Kuibyshev Experimental Station for Horticulture from crossing the Skorospelka red variety with Renclaude Bave. Entered into the State Register in 1971 for the Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions.
The tree is vigorous and fast growing. The crown is oval-round, of medium density. Fruiting on ringlets and on 2-3 year old branches. The fruits are large, one-dimensional, with an average weight of 30.8 g. The shape of the fruit is round. The abdominal suture is small, inconspicuous. The stem from the branch is good; attachment to the bone is not strong. The color of the fruit is dark purple, solid. There are many subcutaneous points, white. The skin is medium, bare, with a strong waxy coating, and can be easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is yellow-green, tender, juicy. The juice is colorless. The taste is sweet and sour. The bone separates from the pulp well. The taste of fresh fruits is 4.8 points. Attractive appearance - 4.5 points. The main purpose of the variety is dessert, but the fruits can also be used for technical processing - jam, compotes, etc.
Flowering in the mid-early period - May 10-20. Medium ripening - mid - end of August. The time for picking fruits is early, in mid-August. Ripening is more or less simultaneous, and the fruits remain firmly on the trees and only when overripe they begin to fall off, but to a lesser extent than that of the red ripening fruit. Fresh fruits are stored for 10-12 days. The transportability of the fruits is good, for which the fruits should be removed 2-3 days before maturity. The variety is early-bearing and begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after grafting in the nursery. Productivity is high and annual. The fruit harvest from a tree at the age of 6-8 years reaches 8-12 kg, at the age of 9-12 years - 25-40 kg.
The variety has sufficient self-fertility. The best pollinators: Red sprout, Zhiguli, Kuibyshev blue, Kuibyshev thorn.
The winter hardiness of the trees is good. They endured all the harsh winters without the trees dying. In the winter of 1978/79. trees planted in 1976 had freezing by 0.9 points. The winter hardiness of Mirnaya's flower buds is higher than that of Skorospelka red. The variety is drought-resistant; in dry years it did not suffer from drought, producing normally developed fruits. The trees were not subjected to gum treatment. The fruits are also disease resistant. They were partially damaged by the plum moth.
With a high yield of the variety, it is necessary to give full mineral fertilizer, although the variety is quite drought-resistant, when irrigated, the trees develop more strongly and produce better quality fruits. Trimming and shaping are normal.
Advantages of the variety: high annual yield, good winter hardiness, large fruit size and excellent taste.
Disadvantages of the variety: uneven fruit ripening.
NIKA
The variety was bred at the Rossoshansky zonal experimental horticulture station by A.Ya. Voronchikhina. Since 1994, it has been zoned in the Central Black Earth region. It is still poorly distributed, mainly in home gardens in the south of the Voronezh and Belgorod and north of the Rostov regions.
The tree is medium or vigorous, at 15 years of age up to 4 or more meters in height; The crown is broadly oval or stack-shaped, spreading, of medium density, with medium foliage.
Fruits with an average weight of 38.5 g, height 46 mm, width 36 mm, thickness 37 mm, with a small harvest weight up to 50-60 g; elongated oval or oval fruit shape typical for Hungarians. The main color of the skin is green, the outer skin is dark purple, turning into brownish-violet in the shade, and occupies the entire fruit when fully ripe; the fruits are not pubescent, densely covered with a bluish waxy coating. The pulp is yellow-green, brownish-yellow when fully ripe, dense, soft and juicy when overripe. The taste is sweet, with slight acidity and slight tartness, tasting score 4.3 points. The main purpose of the fruit is fresh consumption. They also give good juice with pulp, jam, preserves, but they become limp in compotes. Maturation occurs in average term, in the south of the Central Black Earth Region in mid-August.
Flowering occurs in the middle period. The variety is self-sterile, which in some years, when during flowering there is bad weather that prevents the flight of insects, leads to a significant reduction in yield. Good pollinators are Hungarian Donetskaya, Hungarian Donetskaya early, Renklod Soviet.
Trees grafted on plum seedlings begin to bear fruit in 4-5 years; early fruiting is good. The average yield for the first 4 years of commercial fruiting was 17.1 kg per tree versus 13.9 kg for the control variety Record. During the period of full fruiting, the average yield over 7 years was 22.7 kg/tree. (Record has 22.4 kg/tree). In the most favorable years, the average yield was 40-45 kg per tree; individual trees produced up to 70 kg of fruit.
The winter hardiness of the tree in the south of the Central Black Earth Region is good. Average degree of freezing even in the most unfavorable winters, including the winter of 1986/87. with an absolute minimum of 36.4°, did not exceed 1.4 points; The control variety Record froze by 2.5 points this winter. Flower buds are more sensitive to low winter temperatures: in the winter of 1978/79. with an absolute minimum of -32.2°, 97.7% of flower buds froze (for Record 98.6%), in the winter of 1986/87. the death rate was 54.0% (for Record, 50.4%, respectively).
The Nika variety shows high resistance to major fungal diseases. During all the years of observation, no moniliosis or clasterosporiosis was observed on it. The variety is also resistant to polystigmosis, and the degree of damage even during epiphytoty years did not exceed 2 points.
Advantages of the variety: large beautiful fruits with good consumer qualities, good winter hardiness in the south of the Central Black Earth zone.
Disadvantages of the variety: not always regular yield.
RENKLOD ALTANA
An ancient variety of the Czech Republic. Entered into the State Register since 1947 in the North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions.
The tree is vigorous, the crown is round-oval, of medium density, Fruits mainly on overgrowing branches until 5-6 years of age. The fruit is round, isosceles, large - height, width and thickness 37 mm, weight 38 g. The main color is light green, cover pink-red, completely covering the entire fruit, no pubescence. The number of subcutaneous points is medium, brown in color. There are no strokes. The waxy coating is thick. The top of the fruit is round, slightly depressed, the base is round, the funnel is of medium depth. The abdominal suture is weakly defined and does not crack. The skin is thin, dense, easy to remove, and the consistency is loose. The color of the pulp is yellow, darkens slightly in air. The color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp. The consistency of the pulp is fine-fibrous, dense, juicy. The bone separates well from the pulp.
The fruits are good for fresh consumption and for making compotes, dried fruits, juices and marinades. Rating of canned food: frozen fruits - 4.2 points, dried plums - 4.1 points, compote - 4.3 points, juice with pulp - 4 points, pickled fruits - 4.4 points. The fruits contain, by wet weight: dry matter - 16.2%, sugars - 10.6%, acids - 0.67%, sugar acid index 15.82, pectin substances - 0.68%, soluble polyphenols - 334 mg/100g , ascorbic acid - 4.8 mg/100g.
The average flowering period is mid-April. Self-sterile. The average ripening period is mid-August. The tree begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. Winter hardiness is average or above average. Drought resistance is average. The variety is resistant to polystigmosis, klyasterosporiosis, and sharqa, but not resistant to moniliosis. Productivity is high, but not regular enough.
Advantages of the variety: high yield, excellent taste of the fruit.
Disadvantages: vigorous growth, insufficiently intense fruit color, self-sterility
RENKLOD KOLKHOZNY
The variety was obtained by crossing Renclad green with Ternoslivaya. Originator - All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after. I.V. Michurina. Author I.V. Michurin. Introduced into the State Register since 1947 in the North-Western, Central and Central Black Earth regions.
A tree of medium vigor, a rounded spreading crown of medium density and foliage. The shoots are of medium thickness and length, straight, reddish-brown. The leaf is light green in color and medium in size. The shape is elongated-oval, the edge of the leaf is finely crenate. The petiole is of medium length and thickness, pigmented. Medium sized flowers white.
The fruits are medium in size, weighing 24 g, round in shape, rounded at the top of the fruit. The color of the fruit and pulp is yellow. The consistency is delicate, juicy, medium density. The taste is sour-sweet, 4 points. The content of dry matter in fruits is 12.2%, sugars - 7.25%, ascorbic acid - 11.3 mg/100g. The stone is semi-free, medium size, oval in shape.
Advantages of the variety: high annual yield. Renklod collective farm seeds are the best rootstock material; they have good germination and produce standard rootstocks.
Disadvantages of the variety: fruits fall off when overripe, the stone is semi-free.
RENKLOD MICHURINSKY
The variety was obtained by crossing the varieties Eurasia 21 with Renclaude Altana at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after. I.V. Michurina. Author G.A. Kursakov. Entered into the State Register in 2000 for the Central Black Earth region.
The tree is of medium vigor, the crown is rounded, with an average degree of density and foliage. The shoots are medium thick, medium, straight, brown-brown in color. The buds are medium-sized, dark brown, round-conical in shape. The leaf is medium-sized, broadly oval, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, matte. The leaf blade is curved downwards. There is no pubescence. The edge of the leaf is crenate. Stipules are short, slightly dissected, late falling. The petiole is short, thick, slightly pigmented. The glands are medium-sized, yellow, round, two pieces. There are 2 flowers in an inflorescence, the size is above average, the length of the pistils is approximately twice the length of the stamen filaments. The calyx is bell-shaped.
Fruits of medium or above average size have an average weight of 26.4 g, the largest is 29.0 g. The shape of the fruit is round, the color is purple-red. There are many subcutaneous points, brown, clearly visible. The pulp is orange, tender, juicy. The juice is colorless. The character of the taste is sweet and sour (4.2 points). The peduncle is of medium length and thickness. The stone is obovate, medium, pointed, easily separated from the pulp. Biochemical composition: dry matter - 14.6%, sugars - 9.8%, acids - 1.7 mg/100g, P-active catechins - 156 mg/100g, ascorbic acid - 10.1 mg/100g. A variety for table and technological purposes. The transportability of the fruit is good.
The variety is partially self-fertile. Flowering time is average, fruit ripening is early-medium, somewhat later than that of Renklod collective farm. Trees begin to bear fruit 3 years after planting in the garden. Productivity is annual.
Advantages: early fruiting, annual yield, winter hardiness and good qualities fruits suitable for fresh consumption and technological purposes, good transportability of fruits.
Disadvantages: none identified.
RENKLOD EARLY
The variety was obtained from crossing the Jefferson x Persikovaya varieties, author L. I. Taranenko Included in the standard assortment for the steppe zone of Ukraine
Trees of medium vigor with a rounded crown. Winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is good. Early fruiting and high productivity. The fruits ripen early at the end of the summer, together with the Rannyang blue variety, large, with an average weight of 40-45 g,... with a large harvest they become smaller, the shape of the fruit is round, flattened at the poles; The color is greenish-yellow, the skin is translucent with a white coating. The pulp is greenish-yellow, dense, very sweet with a honey flavor, tasting score 4.0-4.5 points. The skin is sour, impairs the taste, which also depends quite heavily on the weather during ripening. The bone is semi-detachable, usually fused at the ribs. The variety produces good compotes
It ripens somewhat earlier than the old Renclod Ullensa variety and is significantly superior to it in terms of fruit quality and yield.
Flowering early; the best pollinators are Renklod Karbysheva, early Hungarian Donetsk, Hungarian Donetsk.
RENKLOD SOVIET
Obtained at the Rossoshansk Zonal Experimental Station of Horticulture by A.Ya. Voronchikhina from crossing the Renklod Ulyanishcheva and Record varieties. In 1986, the variety was zoned for the Central Black Earth region. It is very popular among the population of the Voronezh, Belgorod and Rostov regions and is quite often found in industrial and home gardens.
The tree is weak-growing, at 15 years of age the height does not exceed 3 m, the crown is broad-pyramidal or broom-shaped, sparse, with rather weak foliage. The type of crown resembles the Renclod Altana variety.
The fruits are large, with an average weight of 41.5 g, height 43 mm, width 43 mm, thickness 43 mm; the largest ones reach 80 g, round, regular, practically not flattened on the sides; the apex is rounded, the base is slightly rounded or flat, the funnel is small and narrow, the ventral suture is small and wide, but clearly defined and does not crack. The main color of the skin is green, the integumentary color is dark purple, turning into brownish-violet in the shade; when fully ripe, it occupies almost the entire fruit; the fruits are not pubescent, densely covered with a bluish waxy coating. The pulp is dull brownish-yellow, dense, when overripe it becomes soft and juicy. The taste is sweet with slight acidity, pleasant, with a tasting score of 4.3-4.5 points. The main purpose of the fruit is fresh consumption. They also give good juice with pulp, but are not very suitable for making compotes because they become limp. The fruits ripen in the early-mid period, in the south of the Central Black Earth Region at the end of the first - beginning of the second ten days of August.
Flowering occurs in medium terms, the variety is self-fertile. Trees grafted on plum seedlings begin to bear fruit in 4-5 years, and the fruiting rate is high. The average yield for the first 4 years of fruiting was 9.7 kg per tree versus 3.8 kg for the control variety Record. During the period of full fruiting, the average yield was 33.6 kg/tree. (for the Record variety 18.7 kg/tree). In the most favorable years, the average yield was 37-40 kg/tree, individual trees produced 50-60 kg of fruit.
The winter hardiness of the tree in the south of the Central Black Earth Region is good. The average degree of freezing, even in the most unfavorable winters with an absolute minimum of -34°, did not exceed 2.0 points. Flower buds also show high resistance: in the harsh winter of 1975-76. with an absolute minimum of -34°, they were practically unaffected and their death rate was 1.6%.
The Renklod Sovetskiy variety is moderately affected, up to 2 points, by klyasterosporiosis in years favorable for the development of this disease and in the absence of measures to combat it. The variety is highly resistant to moniliosis and no lesions were noted during all the years of observation. Significantly, up to 3-4 points, it is affected by polystigmosis during epiphytoty years.
Advantages of the variety: high consumer qualities of fruits, good winter hardiness, high and regular yield.
Disadvantages of the variety: insufficient resistance to polystigmosis, unsuitability of fruits for compotes.
ROSSOSHANSKAYA LARGE FRUIT
Obtained at the Rossoshansk Zonal Experimental Station of Horticulture by A.Ya. Voronchikhina from crossing the Persikovaya Michurina and Early Blue (Tsar) varieties. In 1986, the variety was accepted for state variety testing in the Central Black Earth region of Russia. It is still poorly distributed, mainly in home gardens of the Voronezh and Belgorod regions.
The tree is weak-growing, at 15 years of age the height does not exceed 3 m, the crown is stack-shaped, spreading, rather sparse, with weak or medium foliage. Fruits with an average weight of 36.6 g, height 42 mm, width 41 mm, thickness 44 mm; round-oval to rounded, regular shape, does not crack. The main color of the skin is light greenish-yellow, the outer skin is dark purple sunny side and red-violet or brown-red with translucent spots of the main greenish-yellow color in the shade, the integumentary color occupies more than 50% of the surface of the fruit; the fruits are not pubescent, covered to a moderate degree with a bluish waxy coating. The pulp is amber, medium density, juicy, sweet with slight acidity, good taste with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The fruits are suitable both for fresh consumption and for various types of processing - for juice with pulp, jam, preserves. Compote from the fruits of Rossoshanskaya large-fruited fruit is of high quality, the fruits retain their shape well and do not become soggy, the overall rating of the compote is 4.5 points. The fruits are also suitable for preparing large, high-quality prunes with an overall rating of 4.8 points.
Ripening occurs in the middle period, in the south of the Central Black Earth Region in mid-August. Flowering in medium terms, the variety is self-sterile, the best pollinators are Renklod Soviet, Nagrada, Voskhod.
Trees grafted on plum seedlings begin to bear fruit in 4-5 years, and their early fruiting rate is high. The average yield for the first 4 years of commercial fruiting was 21.9 kg per tree versus 13.9 kg for the control variety Record. In the 6th year after planting, the average yield per tree was 63.6 kg. During the period of full fruiting, the average yield over 3 years was 29.1 kg/tree. (Record has 25.8 kg/tree). The variety is prone to overloading with the harvest and switching to periodic fruiting.
The winter hardiness of the tree in the south of the Central Black Earth Region is good. The average degree of freezing of trees even in the unfavorable winter of 1975/76. with frosts down to -34° did not exceed 1.0 points. Flower buds are more sensitive to low winter temperatures: in the severe winter of 1978/79. with an absolute minimum of -32.2°, 95.3% of flower buds froze, in the control variety Record - 98.6%.
Rossoshanskaya large-fruited is slightly (up to 1.0 points) affected by clasterosporiasis and up to 0.3 points by moniliosis. Unfortunately, this variety is completely unstable to polystigmosis (red spot) and is severely affected, by 5 points, during epiphytoty years. The trees completely shed their leaves, the fruits are underdeveloped and fall off. In the following winter, the trees freeze heavily. Therefore, when growing, a system of protective measures against polystigmosis is necessary.
Advantages of the variety: large beautiful fruits of good consumer and high technological qualities, high yield.
Disadvantages of the variety: weak resistance to polystigmosis.
EXTRA HIGH
The variety was bred by L.A. Sevastyanova and G.E. Osipov at the Tatar Research Institute agriculture from free pollination of Tatar yellow plum. Entered into the State Register since 2001.
The tree is low-growing, with a spherical crown of medium density. The foliage of the crown is average. The fruits are small (12.0 g), red-violet, round-oval, unequal, with a medium waxy coating, a rounded apex, a shallow funnel at the base, and a weak ventral suture. The skin is thin, separated from the pulp medium. The pulp is greenish-yellow, fine-grained and fibrous, of medium juiciness and density, sweet and sour, of satisfactory taste. The separation is dry. The fruits ripen in the third ten days of July - the first ten days of August, contain 14.75% dry matter, 1.68% organic acids, 10.6% sugars, suitable for consumption in fresh and processed form (jam, jam).
Flowering often begins in the second decade of May. It begins bearing fruit 3-4 years after budding.
The variety is medium-yielding, medium-winter-hardy, drought-resistant, highly heat-resistant, self-fertile, moderately affected by clasterosporia, rust, slimy sawfly, propagated well by budding, spring grafting, medium-green cuttings in artificial fog. Pollinated by Red Skorospelka, Ren-Claude Tennikovsky.
Advantages of the variety: early fruitfulness, self-fertility, drought resistance, heat resistance, low growth.
Disadvantages of the variety: small size, satisfactory taste of the fruits, when overripe the fruits crack.
BLUE BIRD
Hungarian Caucasian x Kabardian early. Originator - Crimean Experimental Breeding Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing named after. N. I. Vavilova. Authors: G.V. Eremin, S.N. Zabrodina. Zoned for the North Caucasus region in 1997.
The tree is vigorous, the crown is round, of medium density.
The fruits are large, broadly oval. The skin is purple, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is yellow, dense, sweet, of excellent taste. Medium sized pit, detachable. The fruits are transportable, suitable for fresh consumption, preparation of prunes and other types of canned food. Productivity is high and regular.
Ripens in the middle - in mid-August. Precocious. Self-fertile. Winter hardiness is high. Resistant to moniliosis, clasterosporiosis, polystigmosis.
TITmouse
The variety was obtained by crossing the early Hungarian Donets-koy with the hybrid 3-20-66 (early Hungarian Zimmera St. 6p.). Originators Taranenko L.; I, Sychev A. I,
The trees are low-growing with a flat-rounded crown. Winter hardiness - wood bone and flower buds are good. Early fruiting and high productivity. Increased drought resistance.
The fruits ripen very early in mid-July, about 10 days earlier than the well-known early variety Early Blue. This is the earliest variety of plum, and even in years with cool summers, the ripening period practically does not shift. Fruits with an average weight of 30-35 g, round-oval, dark blue. The pulp is light green, medium density, sweet with acid and a pleasant plum flavor with a tasting score of 4.5 points. It tastes superior to any variety of cherry plum, which alone ripens at this time. It is undemanding to heat and in years with cool weather it ripens together with the earliest varieties of cherry plum, for a week later cherries Drogana yellow
The variety is prone to fruit rot, and the fruits rot heavily on the tree. They are also heavily affected by the plum moth.
Flowering period is early.
RED FLASH
Russian variety of folk selection, presumably a seedling of the common Hungarian. In the VIR collection since 1926 (Introduced into the State Register in 1947 for the North-Western region.
The tree is medium-sized, up to 3.5 m in height, stack-shaped (oval-spherical) in shape, up to 3-3.5 m in width. The stem is light gray or light brown, smooth or slightly rough. The main branches extend from the trunk at an angle of 30-50°, rather upright. The fruits are round-oval or ovoid, weighing up to 15-20 g, 35 mm long, 30 mm wide and 28 mm thick. The main color is pink-red, the outer color is crimson-violet, and occupies most of the fruit. There is no pubescence. The waxy coating is bluish, medium. The fruits are unequal-sided. The pulp is yellow, medium darkens in air, granular-fibrous, medium density and juiciness. The skin is thin, easily removed. Fruits have a satisfactory taste, sour-sweet, slightly aromatic, contain 8.5% sugars, 13.6% dry matter, 2.1% acids, 1.08% pectin, 0.16% tannins and coloring matter. , 8.4 mg/100g ascorbic acid. The fruits ripen at different times and fall off when ripe. They are used fresh and for processing: when canned they produce products of low quality. In a cool room, fruits can be stored for up to 25 days.
Blooms in the second half of May. The fruits ripen in the second half of August - early September (depending on the growing zone). Copper plants begin to bear fruit at 6-7 years, and grafted plants at 3-4 years after planting in the garden. Durability - up to 20-25 years.
The variety is partially self-fertile. Good pollinators for it are considered to be Hungarian Moscow, Ochakovskaya black, Nikolskaya white, Renklod collective farm, Hungarian Pulkovskaya, Winter white, Renklod Reforma. In favorable years, the fruit harvest from the tree is 25-40 kg. Fruits almost every year.
The trees are winter-hardy - can withstand frosts down to 35-38°C. Flower buds are less resistant to frost, especially in the second half of winter. The plants are quite unpretentious, but grow and bear fruit poorly in heavy, waterlogged soil. The variety is propagated by budding and root shoots. Plants are only slightly affected by diseases and pests (the greatest harm is caused by aphids).
Advantages of the variety: good winter hardiness, unpretentiousness, good adaptability, decorative oval-spherical crown, early ripening, good annual yield, easy separation of seeds from pulp, comparative longevity of plants, low susceptibility to diseases and pests, ability to reproduce by root shoots.
Disadvantages of the variety: non-simultaneous ripening and fruit shedding, not high quality fresh fruits and their processed products, the need for pollinating varieties.
STARTING
The variety was obtained by crossing Eurasia 21 x Volga Beauty. Originator - All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after. I.V. Michurina. The authors of the variety G.A. Kursakov, G.G. Nikiforova, T.A. Pisanova, R.E. Bogdanov. Entered into the State Register in 2006 for the Central Black Earth region.
A medium-sized tree with a broadly oval crown. The crown is dense, the foliage is medium. The fruits are very large, oval-shaped, one-dimensional, weighing 52 g. The apex of the fruit is round, the base has a depression, the pit is shallow. The main color is purple, the outer color is dark red. There are no subcutaneous points. The skin is medium thick. The pulp is yellow, juicy. The juice is colorless. The taste is sourish-sweet, 4.7 points. The fruits are easily separated from the stalk, transportable, and universally used. Biochemical composition: dry matter - 16.23%, sugars - 8.52%, acids - 2.45%, P-active catechins - 209 mg/100g, ascorbic acid - 6.32 mg/100g. The stone is large, oval in shape, and separates from the pulp well.
Advantages: super early ripening, very large fruits with high taste qualities and universal use.
Disadvantages: average fruit yield.
STANLEY
The variety was bred in the USA. Entered into the State Register in 1983 for the North Caucasus region.
A tree of medium vigor, with a rounded, sparse crown. The stamp is straight, dark gray, slightly cracks, moderately peels. The shoot is slightly spiny, the internodes are medium - 30-35 mm, the color is crimson-violet, pubescent. The fruit is obovate, unequal, very large, height 53 mm, width 40 mm, thickness 37 mm, weight 49 g. The main color is green, the outer color is dark purple, solid, pubescence is absent. Subcutaneous dots are in medium numbers, brown in color, and there are no streaks. The waxy coating is thick. The peel is difficult to separate, medium thickness, loose consistency. The color of the pulp is yellow. The color of the cavity is the same color as the pulp. The consistency of the pulp is granular-fibrous, dense, of medium juiciness. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, for drying and many types of canning. Rating of canned food: frozen fruits - 4.8 points, prunes - 4.5 points, compote - 5 points, juice with pulp - 4.6 points, marinades - 4.5 points. The fruits contain, by wet weight: dry matter - 21.6%, sugars - 13.8%, acids - 0.72%, sugar acid index 19.17%, pectin substances - 1.02%, polyphenols - 460 mg/100g , ascorbic acid - 8.9 mg/100g.
It blooms in the middle period - in mid-April. Partially self-fertile. Ripens late - in early September. It begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. Productivity is high and regular. Winter hardiness is high. Drought resistance is average. The variety is resistant to polystigmosis and sharka, but not resistant enough to moniliosis.
Advantages: productivity, large fruit, high quality fruit, winter hardiness.
Disadvantages: insufficient resistance to moniliosis.
ETUDE
The variety was obtained by crossing Eurasia 21 with the domestic plum variety Volzhskaya Krasavitsa. Originator - All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after. I.V. Michurina. Author G.A. Kursakov. The variety was zoned in 1985 for the Central Black Earth region.
The tree is taller than average with a rounded crown. The fruits are above average in size, oval-ovoid, reddish-violet, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is greenish-yellow, dense, juicy, sour-sweet (4.3 points). The stone is oval, medium in size, easily separated from the pulp. Biochemical composition: dry matter - 15.4%, sugars - 7.16% (in some years 11.84%), acids - 1.96%, P-active catechins - 142%, ascorbic acid - 15.0 mg /100g. A variety for tableware purposes.
Flowering dates are mid-early. The fruits ripen simultaneously, in the middle period (beginning of the 3rd decade of August). The winter hardiness of wood and flower buds is high. The tree is resistant to pests and diseases.
Advantages: increased winter hardiness of wood and flower buds, early fruiting, high yield, attractive fruits, good taste.
Disadvantages: none identified.
Zhiguli
Withdrawn at the Samara zonal experimental horticulture station. Received from crossing the varieties “Ternosliv Kuibyshevskaya” and “Renclad Bave” of medium ripening period. Tree winter-hardy, medium-sized, with a spreading, raised crown. Beginning of fruiting for the 4th-5th year. Productivity 18-25 kg per tree. Fruit large (weight 35-40 g), round-oval in shape. Skin violet-blue. Pulp sour-sweet taste. Transportability is good. A variety for universal use. Approved for use in the Middle Volga region of Russia..
Golden early
Developed at the Saratov Horticulture Experimental Station. Received from sowing seeds of the Record variety from open pollination. Early term maturation. Precocity is below average. Tree medium height, pyramidal crown, spreading, sparse. Tree s immobilized. The variety is partially self-fertile. Pollinators- domestic plum varieties. Productivity high, 28 kg per tree, regular. Fruit medium size (weight 26 g), elongated oval. Skin bright yellow with pink blush. Pulp golden-orange, tender, sweet. Bone separates well from the pulp. Transportability is good. A variety for universal use. The variety is undergoing state variety testing. Recommended for cultivation in the Central and Middle Volga regions.
Peaceful
Bred at the Samara Zonal Experimental Station for Horticulture. Received from crossing the varieties “Skorospelka red” and “Renclad Bave”. Early ripening. Removable maturity b comes in mid-August. Tree highly winter-hardy . Beginning of fruiting for the 5th-6th year. The yield is plentiful, up to 20 kg, regular. Fruit medium (weight 30 g), almost round . Peel t dark blue with a thick waxy coating. Pulp juicy, tender, yellow with a greenish tint, sweet and sour. Transportability is good. A variety for universal use. Approved for use in the Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions of Russia..
Nika
Bring out n at the Rossoshansky zonal fruit and berry experimental station. Received from crossing hybrid farms. Early ripening. Harvesting maturity occurs in the first or second decades of August. Tree s frost-resistant, medium-sized, with a rounded dense crown. The variety is self-fertile; Possible pollinators are “Zarechnaya early”, “Renklod Sovetsky”, “Skorospelka red”, “Skoroplodnaya”. Beginning of fruiting for the 5th year. Productivity up to 35 kg per tree. Fruit large (weight 40 g), oval. Skin black with a waxy coating . Pulp juicy, yellowish-green, sweet and sour. Transportability is good. Variety universal purpose. Approved for use in the Central Black Earth region of Russia..
Ochakovskaya yellow
An ancient variety of folk selection. Medium ripening period. Removable maturity comes at the beginning of September. Tree not winter-hardy enough, medium-sized, with a narrow-pyramidal or wide-pyramidal crown. The variety is self-sterile; the best pollinators are “Renklod collective farm”, “Renklod thorny”, “Winter red”, “Volzhsky damson”. Bad pollinator for other varieties. Beginning of fruiting for the 3-4th year. Productivity low, 6-10 kg per tree, irregular and characterized by extreme instability. Fruit medium (weight 20-30 g), round or teardrop-shaped, with a neck at the place where the stalk attaches to the fruit. Skin yellowish-green with a faint white waxy coating. Pulp tender, juicy, yellow-green, honey-sweet, with a slight spice, excellent taste. The stone is semi-relaxed. Transportability is low. Variety universal purpose. Distributed in the Central and Northwestern regions of Russia.
Memory of Timiryazev
Withdrawn in VSTISP. Received from crossing the varieties “Victoria” and “Skorospelka red”. Mid-late ripening. Removable maturity b begins in the first half of September. Tree Medium winter-hardy, vigorous, with a round, spreading crown. Fruiting begins in the 3rd-4th year. Productivity b tall, 20-30 kg per tree, regular. Fruit medium (weight 22 g), ovoid. Skin pinkish yellow. Pulp juicy, pale yellow, sourish-sweet, pleasant taste. Transportability is good. A variety for universal use. Approved for use in the Central and Middle Volga regions of Russia..
Bred at the Samara Zonal Experimental Horticulture Station. Obtained from crossing the species "Ternosliv Kuibyshevskaya" and "Renclaude Bave". Medium ripening period. The tree is winter-hardy, medium-sized, with a spreading, raised crown. Fruiting begins in the 4th-5th year. Productivity 18-25 kg per tree. The fruits are large (weight 35-40 g), round-oval in shape. The skin is purple-blue. The pulp has a sweet and sour taste. Transportability is excellent. A variety for universal use. Approved for use in the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation.
Golden early
Bred at the Saratov Experimental Horticulture Station. Obtained from sowing seeds of the Record variety from open pollination. Early ripening. Precocity is below average. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is pyramidal, spreading, rare. The tree is winter-hardy. The variety is partly self-fertile. Pollinators - varieties of domestic plum. The yield is the highest, 28 kg per tree, constant. The fruits are medium-sized (weight 26 g), elongated-oval. The skin is bright yellow with a pink blush. The pulp is golden-orange, warm, sweet. The bone is easily separated from the pulp. Transportability is excellent. A variety for universal use. The variety is undergoing state variety testing. Recommended for feeding in the Central and Middle Volga regions.
Bred at the Samara Zonal Experimental Station for Horticulture. Obtained from crossing the species “Skorospelka red” and “Renclaude Bave”. Early ripening. Harvesting maturity occurs in mid-August. The tree is highly winter-hardy. Fruiting begins in the 5th-6th year. The yield is plentiful, up to 20 kg, constant. The fruits are medium (weight 30 g), almost rounded. The skin is blue with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is juicy, warm, yellowish green, sweet and sour. Transportability is excellent. A variety for universal use. Approved for use in the Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions of the Russian Federation.
Cherry is the name of a fruit and tree from the Rosaceae family and belongs to the Plum genus. The oldest