Homemade winch (hoist, hoist). How to do lifting mechanism for garage, workshop, construction site.
Many home craftsmen would like to have some kind of lifting mechanism in their garage or workshop, such as a hoist, hoists or winch. Of course, you can buy them ready-made, but they are usually not very cheap - several thousand rubles. And they don't go on sale very often. Car rescue lever winches available in almost any store cannot be used to lift loads. Because their stoppers are made using a ratchet mechanism. And it only works well in one direction. Lifting such a winch is easy. But lowering it smoothly is problematic. When making hoists or a winch on their own, the master is faced with the task of where to get a powerful reliable gearbox (with a gear ratio of at least 1:20 - 50) and always with a self-braking effect. As a rule, these are powerful worm gears and they do not often fall into the hands of the master.
Meanwhile, almost everyone can make a homemade winch or hoist, and as they say, from improvised materials. Threaded studs up to 2 meters long are available for sale. And it can serve as an excellent gearbox for a homemade lifting mechanism.
The device of such a winch is clear from the sketches. The principle of operation of the winch is simple. If you rotate the threaded stud itself, and do not allow the nut on this stud to scroll, then the nut will move along the stud. The force during this movement is much greater than is required to rotate the pin (all work on the same principle). screw jacks, the increase in force there reaches 20-30 times).
The ends of the stud are fixed in bearings, which, in turn, are installed in the bearings. The stud nut is a rectangular metal plate to which ordinary nuts are welded. The plate prevents the nuts from turning. A cable is also attached to the plate. The cable is passed through one of the supports and thrown over the block. At the other end of the cable there is a lifting hook or a sling system (this depends on the purpose of the lifting winch).
The stud drive is easiest to do manually. To do this, a pulley or gear is fixed at one of its ends. (you can, for example, even use a bicycle). A strong cord or chain is thrown over a pulley or gear in an endless loop. If you pull on either side of the cord, the stud will rotate and the nut will move along the stud. Accordingly, there will be a cable behind it, and the load will either fall or rise. The self-braking of the mechanism is absolute, no force on the nut will make the stud rotate. Most likely the whole thread will break.
Of course, you can also make an electric drive using any reversible electric motor with a power of 200-500 watts. It is convenient to use, for example, some inexpensive electric drill with a rotation direction switch. Now there are many such drills on the market. The electric drive can be made both directly and through an additional pulley or flexible shaft.
Such a homemade winch can lift a weight of several hundred kilograms. In most cases, this is enough for household needs. The length of the stud, or rather the ability to move the nut along it, determines the height of the lift (in the simplest version of this home-made hoist). If you take a hairpin 2 meters long, then this height will be approximately 170-180 cm, which in the vast majority of cases is more than enough for a home workshop or garage. However, the lifting height is easy and can be increased by simple tricks.
The caliper (base) for such a winch can be made of durable dry wooden beam or thick board. Although it is certainly better to use metallic profile or channel. All connections are made with the help of reconciliation or bolts. It all depends on the purpose and capabilities of the master. It is also easy to organize the movement of this hoist under the ceiling. For example, with some tee beam located in the center of the workshop. And install the caliper itself on the beam so that it can rotate around its center. Then almost any point of the garage or workshop will be available. A similar result can, of course, be achieved with the help of various blocks, it would be possible to fix it on something. Of course, the floor beams of the structure must also be designed for additional load.
On the basis of such home-made winches, you can also make a home-made crane. This will require at least two of these winches. It is most convenient to place them in the crane boom. One of the winches will lift the boom itself (change its angle of inclination), and the second will lift the load itself. Of course, do not forget about the counterweight.
The simplicity and availability of such homemade winch opens up a wide enough scope for its use in the home workshop, garage or construction site.
Konstantin Timoshenko
Movable and simpler, stationary crane beam in the garage with your own hands - quite doable if you have welding machine and two days of free time. For a professional auto repair shop, it is easier to buy ready-made lifting equipment.
If the need for a crane is rare, then it is cheaper to make a simple and reliable lift yourself. Such a homemade crane will easily lift the weight up to 800 kg, and this is quite enough for repair work in the garage.
In order to make a frame for a small beam crane in a standard garage with your own hands, you will need the following materials:
- I-beam (4 - 4.5 meters) - the required footage depends on the height of the garage;
- pipe (diameter 10-12 cm), length 2.4 meters - 2 pieces;
- one square pipe (10x10 cm);
- corners (10x10);
- manual hoist and telfer;
- bolts (M16) with nuts.
If you plan to build a mobile crane beam, then you need four more rollers and a hoist.
The procedure for making a crane frame with your own hands:
- we weld the legs of the crane - corners must be welded to the I-pipe on both sides;
- the location of the corner is at an angle of 45 degrees. It turns out a kind of stiffeners that will firmly fix the rack, which accounts for the bulk of the load carried by the crane;
- We weld two triangles, spacers on each crane stand.
- if the crane is a mobile beam, then on both sides from the bottom, on each rack, a roller must be welded to the horizontal - ordinary rollers for metal containers are suitable, furniture ones will not withstand the weight;
- from above, as a crossbar, we fix the pipe along which the lifting mechanism will move;
- in the center of the pipe we weld an I-beam to fasten the roller along which the steel cable of the crane lifting mechanism will move.
- on top of the I-beam we weld a piece of a square pipe (to stiffen the frame) - 40 cm. The pipe should protrude at least 20 cm on both sides. It turns out that the side stand is located in the middle of the crossbar stiffening pipe;
- insert the transverse tube of the frame crossbar into the square tube;
- we drill through holes under the fastening bolts on both sides of the square holder and in the crossbar tube itself - you need a rigid reliable fixation on both sides of the vertical rack.
It turns out a U-shaped design of the crane frame, which is installed on rigid legs with struts, and a crossbar pipe is rigidly bolted to the top.
Installation of a lifting mechanism - manual or automatic
For mechanical lifting of loads on the frame, you need to install manual hoist- worm winch and rope. How to fix the hoist on the frame:
- on the side of the rack we install a manual worm winch (load capacity 800 kg, no less);
- the steel cable moves on rollers.
This mechanism makes it easy to lift the engine or a car behind the hood on one side.
You can take the lifting mechanism and rollers from the elevator door as a drive. There rollers are reliable and durable.
An electric lift drive can also be installed on the manufactured base. A 300 - 500 W engine will be enough for simple repair work in the garage.
Such cranes are often used for the repair and reconstruction of old wooden houses. The construction of a log house will go faster if the logs are laid using a mobile homemade faucet. In this case, the width of the frame is along the length of the logs.
And you can make a simpler lift for the engine, on one support, watch the video.
The winch is an indispensable tool, as in household as well as in the garage. Raise a roll of roofing material onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the window of the second floor of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the bonnet space, and drag the broken car itself into the garage ... This is an incomplete list of things that you can easily do alone with her help.
Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy loads differ in the way they transmit torque. From the school physics course, we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance - we win in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth over” just describes the principle of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the fulcrum is the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
Hand winch, with the help of an attached shoulder - increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift loads of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from the point of view of mechanics) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have different types of drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. On it, and on the mount, the entire load falls. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In engagement with the main gear, there is a small drive gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, the amplification factor. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since it is about hand tool- a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the lever arm, the less effort must be applied.
By using similar devices you can lift several centners of cargo alone or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain factor of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals - a proportional reduction in speed. With such a winch, you can carry out a slow vertical lifting of loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. The hoists can be manually or electrically driven. With an electric drive, an electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. The hand hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.
Most good decision to lift the load and work with it at a height is a manual gear hoist. This mechanism is designed for lifting and lowering loads of various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is set in motion manually. It does not require an energy source. A person who does not have great strength can work with a manual chain hoist.
The principle of operation of the chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as an independent hoist or as part of a crane-beam structure. Tal can be mobile, lever or stationary.
To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be directly next to the load. Thanks to the swivel casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also deployed for more convenient operation with him.
The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, you can move loads in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a hoist.
How the chain hoist works
The chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. On the lower block there is a chain sprocket, and on the upper block there are two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that a more efficient lifting of the load occurs.
In addition, one should not forget about the increase in the efficiency of the hoist due to the block system.
Chain Hoist Advantage:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.
You can find out about chain hoists on the website stropu71.ru.
Here you can also buy cable slings and others. lifting mechanisms and accessories to them. The Partner StroyService company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.
The movement mechanisms of hoists, the carrying capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a drive and idle trolley, a traverse. By means of the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.
Trolleys for the hoist are attached to the traverse using vertical type hinge pins. This design provides a trolley turn angle of 15-18 degrees.
Thanks to the hinged design (guiding rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along the paths with a minimum radius of curvature.
Due to the low-lying electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes the turnouts of small sizes.
The monorail movement mechanism of the electric hoist is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.
The movement mechanisms of hoists of normal size are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. An engine is mounted on one of the sides by means of a flange. The connection of the motor shaft with the primary gear is realized through the use of a reduction attachment.
The hoist with a reduced size movement mechanism is characterized by a different type of construction. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two leading).
Only 1 trolley is provided on devices with a small load capacity and a low lift height. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body by means of a frame.
For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and articulated (special bolt).
Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving the electric hoist
The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted for fixing the unit for moving the load along the horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double rail tracks. Fixtures can be of the following types:
- Rigid (hinged) - for a movement mechanism of normal size. Polyspast 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows an electric hoist with one trolley.
- Articulated (Fig. 4B I) - the lifting device is not rigidly fixed near the axle and running wheels.
- Swinging or semi-articulated - the lifting mechanism swings. On fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.
- Non-articulated 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is attached to the side of the rail track. This design saves usable space.
- Lifting mechanism with a moving unit along a two-rail track. Fig 6.
Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes an electric motor (2), a gearbox (3), a driving unit (4), a driven unit (5).
Homemade hand hoist is a good replacement for industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in the household, and we will help you do this and tell you about this device.
How is a manual hoist arranged?
A hoist is a suspended load-lifting device. It can be manual or electric drive, more common, of course, the second option. Tal, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The carrying capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you see, not bad for a manually operated mechanism.
Based on these indicators, you can use this device to move various goods of great weight, these can be items household appliances – gas stoves or refrigerators freezers or washing machines etc. Often trade workers use them to put goods on the shelves. You can not do without hand hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift Construction Materials or tools.
A conventional manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional cargo braking system; block pendant with a hook. The principle of operation is based on systems of traction and load chains, which have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.
Gear hand hoists - is the popularity justified?
The main advantage of this type of hoists is the simplicity of design and reliability. They are indispensable in many industries: neither in the construction industry, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises and others. Such a device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious in use and have a durable mechanism.
The gear type of hoists is adapted to work with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with hook is designed for this load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. It is necessary to control the work of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to lift or lower loads from shelves that are high.
To move goods by hoist, monorails are installed in the premises. Such stationary devices are usually used when it is not necessary to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the speed of movement is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.
Lever Hoist - Beneficial Load Physics
This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is not more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on constructive solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever mounted in the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for pulling cables and lifting loads. Since they are not adapted for a large amount of work, utility services find application for them.
They are needed when you need to pull cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as to install hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift the load in order to work with it, so. It may be different repair work, for example, in auto repair shops. To facilitate the work with lever hoists, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.
Worm hoists - a compact strongman
In addition to these basic types of hand hoists, there are also others. Recently, worm hoists are often used. For work, they are suspended permanently or use a mobile "cat". This is convenient for moving loads horizontally, such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of devices. They are used to lift or hold loads in a raised position, they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens on a special overhead track made of an I-profile.
Their advantage is that work can be carried out in rooms that are small in area, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. These hoists can also be used outdoors.
They have some features, for example, a swivel casing (and the design can be rotated 360 degrees) allows you to control the work from any place, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety, the operator during work can be on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also this species The hoists are distinguished by reliability, wear resistance and low heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And due to the low construction height, it is possible to work with this equipment in limited spaces in vertical positions.
Homemade hand hoist - a free helper in the household
Often you have to carry out repairs at home, and you need to raise tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often there is no time. In this case, you can do it yourself.