Open a loan office. Turnkey MFO registration - how to open a microfinance organization

If you decide to open an MFO, then you probably know that recently information about such organizations must be included in the state register. In addition, a distinction was introduced between the concepts of MFO and MCC: the main difference is that microcredit companies do not have the right to attract investment from outside - exclusively from their founders.

Given the fewer restrictions, registration of microfinance organizations is now more in demand. Even if you already have a business plan ready, it is best to open an MFO, knowing exactly the sequence necessary actions. Registering an MFO step by step will help you avoid unnecessary difficulties and achieve your goal as quickly as possible.

Procedure for opening an MFO

If you are thinking about how to open an MFO from scratch, but at the same time you understand that you do not have the time required to go through the full registration procedure, use the turnkey MFO registration service. In this case, minimal participation on your part will be required, but you can be sure that all legal details will be observed.

If you decide to find out for yourself how to open a microfinance organization, step-by-step instructions will not hurt you: by adhering to it as precisely as possible, you will achieve your goal. Despite the apparent mass of difficulties, there are not many nuances when registering. You will need:

  1. Prepare constituent documents.
  2. Register with the tax office.
  3. Open an account.
  4. Register the status of the created organization.

As you can see, registration of an MFC or MFO does not provide for any insurmountable obstacles. It is enough just to adhere to the specified scheme and carry out the points listed in it.

How to prepare documents

Most often, the reason for refusal to enter a new microfinance organization into the register is the non-compliance of the Charter with the necessary requirements. An MFO is not just a legal entity: in this case it is necessary to adhere to the 151st Federal Law. To ensure that you do not receive a refusal, the following should be included in the Charter:

  • List of planned activities;
  • A note that any transaction the cost of which exceeds 10% of the value of the company’s property must be pre-approved;
  • The name of the body that will develop rules for providing loans to the population and monitor their implementation;
  • The procedure for the management of an MFO in the event of a need to disclose information about persons who can influence decision-making on the activities of the MFO.

In order not to unexpectedly encounter any restrictions and to work fully in the future, it is advisable for the organizer of an MFO to include clauses in the Charter on the following types activities:

  • Work in the insurance industry;
  • Providing advice on financial intermediation issues;
  • Providing microloans to individuals, legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs;
  • Processing of data provided by clients within the framework necessary to provide the highest quality services.

Attention! When developing the Charter for registering an MFO in 2017, do not forget to carefully think about the size of the authorized capital! Having indicated the minimum wage in your documents, you will have to face inconvenience when approving each microloan.

For the full functioning of the future MFO, it is best to indicate in the documents the authorized capital, the size of which is at least 10% of the maximum planned loan.

Interaction with the tax office

In order to register with the relevant authorities as a legal entity, it is necessary to prepare a number of documents:

  1. Depending on the number of founders - a decision of one person or a protocol of a meeting of a group of persons confirming consent to state registration.
  2. Developed charter, which lists all the above points.
  3. Order approving the appointment of the general director.
  4. Completed and notarized application (form 11001).
  5. Receipt for payment of state duty.
  6. Application to receive a copy of the charter after its certification by the Federal Tax Service.

In general, the registration of MCC and MFO is no different from the procedure for creating any other organization: after a five-day period from the date of submission of all documents, the founders can receive all the documents necessary in such cases.

Why open a bank account

A legal entity that has barely completed registration has no right to engage in microcredit. First, you need to register an MFO in the register of the central bank. There is a fee for this procedure.

Attention! The state fee for registering an MFC with the Central Bank must be transferred from the account of the organization itself and will not be accepted in any other way!

That is why one of the items on the list of how to open a microfinance organization yourself is to create a bank account. The procedure also provides for a certain sequence of actions:

  • Choosing the bank that is most convenient for you;
  • Clarification of the terms of service and tariffs at which it will be provided;
  • Preparation of the necessary package of documents (copy of the adopted Charter, order conferring the powers of the General Director, extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities).

Different banks may have different conditions for opening an account: in some, when registering an MCC in 2017, like MFOs, they require you to provide notarized copies of documents, while in others this procedure is carried out directly on the spot.

Also, for those who are to register an MCC with the Central Bank (or MFO), it is mandatory to have the organization’s seal, so you should take care of its production in advance. After providing all necessary documents the general director remains to sign an agreement with the cash and distribution department and draw up a card, which will contain samples of the seal and signature.

After a short amount of time (usually no more than three days), the account necessary for those who are interested in how to open a microfinance organization will be created. The authority of the organization’s directorate does not include notifying any authorities about an open account - this obligation is assumed by the bank. After opening an account with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, registration of the IFC can be considered completed; all that remains is to deposit into your account an amount sufficient to pay the state fee.

Completion of registration

Registration of a microfinance organization: what it is, how to ensure that everything goes well, how to avoid mistakes during registration - these and other questions are completely natural for those who are thinking about how to open a microfinance organization from scratch. The business plan has been drawn up, the main steps have been completed - what next? The last step remains: registration of microfinance organizations with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. To do this you need:

  • Statement from the CEO in free form;
  • Statutory documents;
  • Order regulating the appointment of the general director;
  • Documents on state registration and registration;
  • Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities certified by the director’s signature and seal;
  • Data on all persons who are the founders of the MFO;
  • Legal address of the body managing the company;
  • Receipt for payment of state duty.

In principle, you don’t have to perform any particularly complex manipulations. Of course, registering an MCC on a turnkey basis is much easier in terms of time than opening microloans from scratch, but self-registration of an MCC is more profitable in terms of cost for its owner. If you have carefully read how to open a microfinance organization, and the step-by-step instructions are clear to you, feel free to go through all the authorities. Another option is to open a microfinance organization as a franchise.

Franchise for opening an MFO

Considering all the innovations that have come into force in the last two years, it becomes clear that the procedure for opening an MFO and/or MCC has become more complicated. Even knowing how to open a microfinance organization, step-by-step instructions in 2017 have become much more complicated. A microfinance franchise may be a solution. Its advantages are obvious:

  1. No difficulties associated with completing the registration procedure.
  2. Full support both before the opening and during the work process.
  3. Possibility of selling the business if necessary.
  4. Minimizing the risk of loan defaults by submitting a request for the client’s solvency to the head office.
  5. Reducing advertising costs and additional employees.
  6. Cooperation with collection agencies who are not very willing to interact with those who decided to open an microfinance organization without investments.

There are still quite a lot of positive aspects of opening an MFO as a franchise, but everyone has the right to decide for themselves exactly what to do. If you still doubt the best way how to open an MFO - online consultation with specialists on this issue can be an excellent option to make the right decision.

We told you about several ways to open microloans and make a profit from this type of business. Each of them has its pros and cons, and also differs in material and time costs. Having delved into all the nuances, you can make the choice that is most suitable for your situation.

  • Investments 1,735,000 rub.
  • Monthly revenue 540,000 rub.
  • Net profit 240,000 rub.
  • Payback 7.2 months
 

According to data from the business portal Bankir.ru The potential of the domestic micro-credit market is very significant. Thus, in 2011 its volume increased by 34%; according to analysts’ forecasts, in 2012 the market may grow by another 50%. At the beginning of 2012, the micro-credit market was estimated at 35-37 billion rubles, and by the end it could reach 55.5 billion rubles.

Competition in this market segment is significant, but the market is still far from being filled. If you are planning to open your own business issuing microloans, then you can either do everything yourself (develop regulatory documents, software for issuing control, training experts) or take advantage of a franchise for opening a point for issuing microloans.

The time and financial costs of starting a franchise business are significantly less than going through trial and error on your own. However, there is also a minus - you are (for life to your business) you will pay royalties.

In this business plan, we will consider opening a microfinance organization as a franchise “ Convenient loans».

Franchise terms

Convenient Loans LLC offers two main retail formats for loan issuance points:

  • The “Island” format is a kiosk or a small pavilion for one operating place, does not have an internal client area and is located indoors with dense pedestrian traffic.
  • The “Additional Office” (AD) format differs, as a rule, in the number of operating places of more than 1, the presence of an internal client area and a separate entrance from the street.

Franchise options and cost

The cost of the Convenient Loans franchise consists of:

  • one-time (lump sum) contribution - according to the selected franchise option.
  • monthly fee (royalty) - 10% of income ( total amount interest and fines received during the month) by the franchisee, but not less than 12,000 rubles. for one operating place.

1. “Start” package: The one-time (lump sum) contribution is RUB 50,000. The monthly contribution (royalty) is 10% of income, but not less than 12,000 rubles. from each operating location. This program provides the right to open no more than one loan issuing point. To obtain the right to further develop the network, a partner must purchase the “Business” package by simply paying a lump-sum fee of 150,000 rubles.

2. Business package: The one-time (lump sum) contribution is RUB 200,000. The monthly contribution (royalty) is 10% of income, but not less than 12,000 rubles. from each operating location. Purchasing this package provides the right to open an unlimited number of loan issuance points

The Convenient Loans company offers its partners - franchisees the following conditions:

  • The right to work under the ConvenientLoans trademark. A single brand promotes awareness, which grows along with the development of the entire network, which increases customer loyalty and increases the profitability of all franchisee partners.
  • "Business guide for partners - franchisees." This manual was written by company specialists and consists of a total of about 200 pages. It contains all the regulatory materials and instructions necessary for starting and running a business; all business processes are described step by step: from opening a legal entity to making a profit.
  • Access to the franchisor’s server space and the ability to work with the Convenient Loans software at the partner’s workstations. The server is located in a technically and physically protected specialized storage facility in Moscow. This equipment meets all legal requirements (including 152 Federal Laws) and has all the necessary licenses (FSB, FSTEC, etc.).
  • Assistance in software administration, technical support and updates, as well as assistance from other company specialists.
  • Assistance in preparing a new enterprise for opening and commencement of activities, personnel training;
  • Constant Information support from the side of the curator assigned to the partner - franchisee;
  • Providing standards for printing materials and outdoor advertising;
  • Assistance in purchasing necessary equipment in accordance with the standards of the operator’s workplace and the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation;

Additionally, partners have access to special software that allows:

  • increase the speed of customer service;
  • dramatically reduce the number of errors and possible abuses;
  • keep records of issued and repaid loans, as well as interest and fines on them;
  • form and take into account the internal credit history of borrowers;
  • control movement Money;
  • simplify and partially automate internal document flow;
  • carry out automatic SMS distribution;
  • generate various reports;
  • automatically generate documents for the court and bailiff service.

Capital costs for opening a microloan company

We choose the following option for working under the “Convenient Loans” franchise:
“Business” package, “Island” format, initial number of points 3 pieces.

According to the terms of the franchise, the point for issuing microloans in the “Island” format must be designed as a separate premises:

Typical box for issuing microloans

The area of ​​the point for issuing microloans in the “Island” format is about 5 square meters.

The cost of equipping a loan issuing point with an area of ​​5 square meters is 50,000 rubles.

Each point must be equipped with a computer, a multifunctional device (printer, scanner, copier), Internet access, furniture for an expert and a safe. On average, the cost of equipment for one point is 45,000 rubles.

It will also be necessary to rent an office in which the director and debt collection specialist will be located. The cost of office equipment (2 workplaces) will be 50,000 rubles.

In addition to the above expenses, funds are needed to issue loans. On average, a point located in a well-traveled location can issue loans worth 400,000 rubles per month. (The average loan amount is 4,500 rubles, the loan term is 25 days, the number of issues per day is 4-5), therefore, about 1 million rubles are needed for three points.

Investments

Staff:

To serve 3 points for issuing micro-loans (Operating hours 10.00 to 19.00) The following number of personnel is required:

3 experts who are involved in issuing loans.
1 debt collection specialist, deals with repayment of overdue debts.
1 director, general leadership and monitoring the activities of experts.
Total number of personnel 5 people

Location:

Points for issuing loans in the “Island” format must be located in large shopping centers, in places with good human traffic.

For one point you need a space of about 7-10 sq.m. (5 sq.m. modular block, + 2 meters area for visitors)

The office area where the director and debt collection specialist is located should be 15 square meter(so that you can place 2 tables and computer equipment and office equipment)

General expenses:

Article "Salary"
Salary of 3 experts: 18,000 * 3 = 54,000 rubles
Salary of 1st debt collection specialist: 25,000 rubles
Director's salary 30,000 rubles
Personal income tax is included in the salary
Total: 109,000 rubles

Article "UST"(unified social tax)
The UST article includes deductions from the fund wages workers.

Article "Rent"
Rent of 3 points for issuing microloans 6,500 rubles per point, as well as office rent 20,000 rubles

Article "Franchise"
Franchise deductions of 12,000 rubles from one point.

Article “Administrative expenses”
Includes expenses for internet, communications, and office supplies.

Article "Taxes"
Includes expenses for paying taxes under the simplified taxation system.

Revenue

On average, a point located in a passable place can issue loans for 400,000 rubles per month, 3 points can issue loans for 1,200,000 rubles per month, taking into account a rate of 2% per day, as well as taking into account a reserve for losses of 25% income per month can be 540,000 rubles

Taxation:

The optimal form of taxation for a microfinance organization is a simplified taxation system (income - expenses, 15%)

Feasibility study

Calculation of profitability of a microfinance organization:

Payback calculation:

Payback of opening 3 retail outlets is 7.2 months, on the Convenient Money website the payback period for the point is 4-5 months. The difference is explained by the fact that in a business plan all calculations are made in a conservative way (income at minimum values, expenses at maximum). You can calculate your break-even point online thanks to our free service.

Microfinance organizations typically provide small payday loans. That is, a person in this case takes a small amount for a very short term, which is usually no more than one month. This offer is in great demand, because it is no secret that many people do not have enough wages, and unforeseen expenses have not yet been canceled. At the same time, there is a certain wave of negativity towards microfinance organizations, when due to financial illiteracy people fall into debt. In fact, it is important to clarify everything from the beginning. Yes, the interest rates are partly very high, but you should take into account such advantages as the possibility of receiving a small amount, quick consideration of the application and a loyal attitude towards the client. Even an unemployed person, a student or a pensioner can receive money from an MFO. Microloans are also issued to persons with a bad credit history. In other words, not a single bank will work under the conditions offered by MFOs. Consequently, there is a natural need for such services. Against the backdrop of various crises, microfinance organizations are sometimes the last option that can solve the financial problems of the consumer.

Let's understand the system of work of MFOs. In fact, everything here is extremely simple and does not imply any difficulties. Lending to clients here occurs on the basis of microloan agreements. The latter, in turn, are understood as loans, the amount of which is no more than one million rubles. In practice, microloans are usually issued in an amount of no more than ten thousand rubles, and this is definitely beneficial to both parties. Naturally, all loans in this case are issued for a very short period with minimal interest.

For the owner of an MFO, the benefits are also obvious. First of all, this is a high profit, because compared to banks, MFOs have very high interest rates and an extremely short payback period. That is, even with a significant number of non-performing loans, you can get a stable profit. Thanks to this, even very large investments can be returned. This type of business has been actively developing in recent years, so it is likely that the number of MFOs will only increase every day.

As for interest rates, there are also a number of points to consider. For example, you need to carefully study Federal Law No. 230, which states that interest here stops accruing after it reaches three times the loan amount. That is, if the borrower received 10 thousand rubles from an MFO, then, taking into account the amount of the loan, you can receive from it with interest no more than 40 thousand rubles. In this case, the repayment period for a consumer loan should not exceed one year. This, by the way, can be said to clients who mistakenly think about “predatory” interest rates in MFOs - they are actually not that high, and they operate within reasonable limits.

Something special should be said about cases of overdue microloans. Here, too, there are limits and they are specified current legislation. If the microloan is already overdue, then the interest on it cannot be more than twice the loan amount. For example, if the borrower does not return 10 thousand rubles on time, then no more than 30 thousand rubles can be demanded from him. As a result, we see that entrepreneurs have their own limitations and they must be taken into account when calculating potential profits and drawing up a business plan for an MFO.

As we can see, even with the introduction of legislative norms, the numbers still remain impressive. It is known that sometimes the most problematic borrowers still repay the debt months later with a huge overpayment. After all, not all people want to ruin their credit history and participate in legal proceedings. As a result, MFO owners have been operating successfully for many years and receive guaranteed profits.

Below we will tell you how best to register an enterprise. The only thing that can be mentioned here is that it is better to register such a company as an LLC or JSC. However, there are no fundamental requirements in this regard, so each entrepreneur decides for himself exactly how his company will operate. In order not to be unfounded, we will further describe in detail how to register an MFO better and faster.

Legislative requirements for microfinance organizations

Before registering a microfinance organization, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with their types. Depending on the format in which the MFO operates, there are different requirements for the initial data and the registration process itself. So, in order to clarify the picture in detail, let us consider the features of MFOs in accordance with their types.

Microfinance company (MFC)

In this case, the size of the authorized capital must be at least 70 million rubles - a regulation on this appeared at the end of 2015 (established by Federal Law No. 407). It turns out that the amount is quite impressive, but it has its advantages. Initially, it should be taken into account that the heads of microfinance organizations opened before 2016 had until the end of March 2017 to decide what type they belong to and, if required, increase the amount of authorized capital to the required amount. The name of such an organization must contain the phrase “microfinance company”, and its organizational and legal form must also be indicated. In the case of IFC, this means raising funds from individuals who are not founders. Moreover, the amount of such investments must be at least one and a half million rubles - if the amount is less, then regulators may have certain questions. That is, here you also need to very carefully control the process and avoid any violations of the law. At the same time, the possibilities in this case increase significantly. In other words, the IFC is a kind of bank model, which also allows you to make deposits and provides loans on mutually beneficial terms. Only in the case of the IFC everything is somewhat simpler and at the same time has limitations. At the same time, compared to the ICC, everything here is much more complicated, especially since last option is becoming increasingly widespread in Russia.

Microcredit company (MCC)

In this case, everything is definitely simpler and does not oblige the entrepreneur to comply with many requirements. There are no special conditions for registering an MCC, and therefore it is possible to register an MCC as an LLC with a minimum authorized capital of 10 thousand rubles. True, here it is necessary to take into account that issuing loans is the main activity of the MCC, therefore, without more significant investments, the organization simply will not be able to operate. In addition, according to Federal Law No. 151, the founders must make a joint decision on transactions the amount of which is more than ten percent of the authorized capital. That is, if a client wants to take out a loan for at least 1,000 rubles, then if the book value of the property is 10 thousand rubles, all the founders will have to get together. So for optimal operation of the MCC, it is better to deposit at least 500 thousand rubles on the balance sheet - this will allow the company to operate stably for many years.

However, when registering an ICC you need to take into account several minor features. For example, there are also legal requirements that must be adhered to. The fact is that in the name of this company it is important to use the phrase “microcredit company”. Moreover, here it is also necessary to indicate its organizational and legal form (LLC, as indicated in our case). As with any LLC, it is important that the name is unique and one of a kind.

As an addition, let's say that in the case of the ICC it is much easier to work. At least microfinance companies are not regulated as strictly as banks. Such companies are not required to license, create reserves or make mandatory insurance contributions to specialized funds. This, in fact, explains wide use MFOs, especially since they register extremely easily and quickly. Registration of these institutions, in fact, consists only of registering a legal entity and obtaining the status of an MFO. Consequently, any entrepreneur, having a relatively small capital, it'll go better along this path and will save valuable time.

Facility security

It is natural that the office of an MFO should be well guarded, because here, during further activities, quite a lot of money will be stored. large sums money. It is important to have an alarm system that will prevent any attacks by criminals. Naturally, the MFO office must be equipped with video surveillance. Before choosing a suitable office for work, you must first consult with representatives of security agencies. The fact is that there are a number of requirements for the premises in which MFOs operate. After making sure that a particular office has security or it is possible to arrange it, you can safely register a legal address.

Documents required for registration of microfinance organizations

So, registration of an MFO is possible only as a legal entity, that is, an individual entrepreneur does not have the right to engage in such activities. According to Russian legislation, MFOs can operate in the format of LLC, foundation, NPO, partnership, business entity and non-profit partnership.

If the registration of an MFO is done in the form of an LLC, then the following package of documents must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service:

  • an application for registration of a legal entity, which is drawn up in form P11001 (as we said above, the name of the company must contain the phrase “microfinance company” or “microcredit company”;
  • The Charter of the MFO, which is made in two copies (the Charter indicates the size of the authorized capital, which must correspond to the type of the selected company);
  • the decision of the sole founder, or the protocol of communication of the meeting of the founders of the LLC (these, by the way, are subject to a requirement - the absence of an unexpunged or unexpunged conviction for crimes committed against state power or for economic crimes);
  • confirmation that you have paid the state registration fee (it is currently 4,000 rubles);
  • documents confirming the presence of a legal address (a copy of the certificate of ownership of non-residential premises, or a letter of guarantee).

Please note that an application for transition to a separate tax regime is not required here, since all microfinance organizations operate on common system taxation.

The MFO Charter specifies the following information:

  • list of proposed activities;
  • a clause in which all transactions made for an amount exceeding ten percent of the value of the enterprise’s property are pre-approved;
  • the body that is responsible for developing the rules for issuing loans;
  • the procedure on the basis of which the data of persons influencing the decisions of the MFO are disclosed.

To register an MFO, you can use several options for submitting documents: visit the tax office in person, send all forms by mail, or do everything through an official representative. If you submit the above documents through a representative, then you will need to prepare a power of attorney to carry out registration actions. When preparing this document, application P11001 is certified by a notary - this is also required when sending all papers via mail.

Company registration is usually completed within three days. If everything is in order, then the tax authorities will issue the applicant with a USRIP entry sheet in the P50007 format. One copy of the Charter is also issued and a certificate of registration of the legal entity is provided.

Inclusion of microfinance organizations in the register of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Documents from the tax office alone are not enough here, since at this stage only a legal entity is registered. In accordance with Federal Law No. 151, an MFO begins to have special rights and obligations only when information about it is entered into the register of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

To register an MFO in the Central Bank register, you need to collect a package of the following documents:

  • a statement that information has been entered into the register of microfinance organizations;
  • a copy of the Charter and the decision that the MFO is registered;
  • a copy of the order stating the appointment of the director of the enterprise;
  • information about the legal address of the company;
  • information about the founders of the company;
  • certificate of no criminal record for the founders and managers of the microfinance organization;
  • receipt of payment of state duty in the amount of 1,500 rubles;
  • rules of internal control of microfinance organizations.

The application and information about the founders of the company are filled out in accordance with the forms of appendices 1 and 2 - they are made in accordance with the Directive of the Bank of Russia dated March 28, 2016 No. 3984-U (it can be found in the public domain). Data on entering information about the organization into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by the Central Bank is requested from the tax office independently.

The collected documents are submitted to the territorial banking division, which interacts with financing entities. Information about these institutions is posted on the official website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Registration with this organization occurs within thirty working days, starting from the day the documents are submitted. After an MFO is included in the register, it can already conduct its activities.

Registration of microfinance organizations step by step

Let's now more briefly describe the entire process of registering an MFO:

  1. We study the requirements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the activities of microfinance and microcredit organizations and decide which option is more convenient for us.
  2. We choose the organizational and legal form for registering a company. In most cases, an LLC is used for this.
  3. We clarify what requirements apply to the premises in order to organize its security. It is possible that the initially selected address will not be suitable for these purposes (at least a reliable alarm system is needed).
  4. We register the company with the tax authorities.
  5. We submit documents for inclusion of the company in the register of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

After successfully completing the above procedures, you can safely begin your business.

Additionally

There are a number of additional requirements that the founders of MFOs must comply with. We list below the responsibilities of such organizations.

In particular, MFOs must report quarterly to the mega-regulator. This is done through the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation through your personal account.

It is necessary to report to Rosfinmonitoring. The point here is that MFOs must develop and put into practice measures aimed at preventing the laundering of money obtained by criminal means. This is also due to the fact that MFIs must prevent the financing of terrorism. In other words, the company must identify all customers who carry out transactions with money. In addition, disclosure of the list of affiliates is required here.

As mentioned above, the development and application of rules for providing microloans is important. All points of such rules must be available on the Internet. They are usually posted on the MFO website or on third-party Internet resources.

Similar to banks, MFOs submit information about borrowers and loans to the Credit History Bureau. When working with borrowers, company representatives are required to comply with the law on consumer credit (Federal Law No. 353 of December 21, 2013), which regulates the form of the agreement, limits penalties and stipulates other points. That is, everything must be in accordance with existing laws - it is important to study them carefully before starting activities, so as not to face penalties.

It is important to keep in mind that the MFO does not set rates arbitrarily. The limits are usually announced by the Central Bank. Moreover, their average value depends on the specific category and type of loan. Market realities are also taken into account. At the same time, the MFO cannot deviate by more than one third from the average value of the total cost of the loan.

Also, when opening an MFO, you should remember about the legislation in the field of advertising. Moreover, all fines will be imposed on a legal entity and, therefore, their amounts can reach millions of rubles.

In general, we can say that the business of issuing microloans is quite troublesome and requires detailed consideration of current laws. To conduct business legally, you must constantly seek the help of an experienced lawyer. Owners of microfinance organizations should carefully study all laws that are in one way or another related to their activities and only then can they begin to register a company.

Conclusion

You should not think that all the difficulties in registering an MFO are something unsolvable and out of the ordinary. In fact, everything here is relatively easy and registering an MFO, as well as its work, is much simpler than opening a large manufacturing enterprise. So there should be no particular cause for concern here, especially since most officials are more or less loyal to such companies. If you look at it, there are no particular difficulties in registering an MFO, but it is better to contact experienced lawyers for this. Probably, most owners of such companies use the services of professionals here - it’s both more convenient and faster. After all, the work of an MFO should already involve periodic assistance from lawyers, for example, when the company encounters loan defaulters. For anyone who wants to protect themselves from mistakes in advance, we still recommend using the experience of proven specialists - they, in turn, will be able to solve many problems without any difficulties and, as a result, save you from serious fines. So, if you already definitely intend to register an MFO and you have a sufficient amount of money for this, then you can confidently go towards this goal and achieve positive results.

Many novice entrepreneurs want to know how to open a microfinance organization from scratch, as they consider it a profitable business. It became relevant back in 2011. Loans have become a popular service, which has allowed the MFO sector to actively develop. In addition, the state does not impose strict requirements for the implementation of this activity, unlike banks. An entrepreneur who wants to open an organization of this type can receive a good profit in the future. However, it is worth considering that it will have quite a lot of competitors in this sector.

MFO has the following advantages as a business:

  • quick registration and absence of excessive requirements from government agencies;
  • there is no need to make insurance payments;
  • To start activities, you need to fulfill a number of simple conditions;
  • There are no requirements for the volume of capital of the enterprise, which allows you to open it without investments or spending a minimum of funds.

Opening an MFO is quite simple. If all actions are performed correctly, this business will become profitable.

Principle of operation

The main difference between MFOs and traditional credit structures is the presence of a lending limit of about one and a half million. The basis of the organization’s work is to provide loans on terms of repayment and urgency for individuals. It is mandatory to conclude an agreement containing important terms of the transaction. MFO has the following features:

  • the loan can only be provided in national currency;
  • impose minimum requirements on borrowers;
  • cannot participate in purchase/sale transactions valuable papers;
  • do not have the opportunity to change the terms of the contract after it has acquired legal force;
  • cannot charge penalties for early repayment if the borrower has warned about his intentions in advance.

These features should be taken into account when opening a microfinance organization.

Stages of building a business

Step-by-step instructions will help those who want to learn how to open an MFO:

  • Registration. It is carried out at the tax authorities at the place of registration. It is recommended to choose the LLC form if the entrepreneur has no plans for the global development of the company in the future.
  • Obtaining MFO status.
  • Choosing a location for an office. The number and type of clients will depend on this, which will affect your income. The office should be located in a location with good transport links that is frequently visited by people. To do this, just choose a room with an area of ​​about 20 square meters. m.
  • Recruitment. An MFO requires a director, two credit managers and a specialist responsible for security. Employees must be professionals who meet the requirements of the activity.
  • Advertising. Competition in this area is high, so you always need to be one step ahead. It is recommended to carry out various promotions, increase the limit or reduce the interest rate. Classic methods will also be useful, and advertising costs will be fully recouped.

When performing the above actions, it is worth remembering that the organization’s work must be conscientious and of high quality. Otherwise, you can’t count on attracting more clients.

Financial part (approximate investments, profits and payback)

To achieve a quick return on investment, it is worth drawing up a detailed business plan for a microfinance organization. Opening this business will require the following costs:

  • Capital investments:
  • Capital used to provide loans - 900 thousand rubles.
  • Purchase of equipment – ​​100 thousand rubles.
  • Purchase additional inventory– 50 thousand rubles.
  • Current expenses:
  • Office rent is 20 thousand rubles.
  • Salary for four employees is 120 thousand rubles.
  • Organization of advertising – 50 thousand rubles.
  • Additional expenses – 30 thousand rubles.

As a result, the amount of capital investment will be equal to 1 million 50 thousand rubles, and running costs– 220 thousand rubles. This amount will depend on the specific case, but an example will help calculate all the costs without missing out on details. If you want to save money, you can open a franchise microfinance organization with favorable conditions. There are few similar offers from large companies, but an entrepreneur can choose the best option for himself.

To create an accurate business plan, it is necessary to take into account about 50% of non-return of funds issued. To cover the costs in full, you need to issue monthly loans in the amount of about 700 thousand rubles. If the business develops successfully, payback will be achieved after one month. At the same time, within a year it will be possible to cover all expenses and receive capital for business development.

The organization's total income will be about 500 thousand rubles for one month of work.

Required documents

To register an LLC, you will need to prepare the following documents:

  • decision to establish an MFO in the form of an LLC;
  • articles of association;
  • application for a resolution to register with the tax office (choice of simplified taxation system and special taxation system is available);
  • order on the appointment of a manager;
  • a receipt indicating payment of the state duty.

Direct registration of an MFO requires:

  • copies of: constituent documents, decision to create a legal entity. persons and the election of their bodies, registration certificates;
  • application for inclusion of an organization in the state register;
  • information about the founders and their place of residence;
  • description of the attachment.

After the tax authorities have completed the inspection, a decision will be made. If approved, the entrepreneur will receive permits and can begin doing business.

Disadvantages of opening an MFO

This business has the following disadvantages:

  • Issuing loans has a high risk due to possible non-repayment. This should be taken into account when planning expenses and making a profit.
  • If violations are committed at the time of carrying out the activity, sanctions and fines are imposed.

To minimize risks, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the legal aspects of your activity and carefully read the information about each client. In this case, the business can become truly profitable.

Commercial offers

If you are a manufacturer or supplier of equipment, an expert or a franchisee in this field, then write to us through the Contact page.
Below we will post information about your offer and your contacts.

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Attention!

The page publishes only reviews that are useful to others and indicate that the person had experience in this matter.

Reviews:

    The provision of financial services organized by small businesses is a relatively recent phenomenon. However, it is already quite dense and, probably, has finally fit into our domestic business environment. It is precisely because of its maximum accessibility and ease of registration of services that the field of microfinance has become more and more discussed in recent years.
    At the same time, most often, the greatest resonance is caused not by facts, but by extremely exaggerated “horror stories”. This happens due to the lack of reliable information about this type of occupation. As a result, most active young people who could apply themselves in this field are faced with a serious question: is it worth opening their own business? own office MFO?
    In order to give the most detailed and comprehensive answer to this question, I will try to break it down into blocks, each of which illuminates a specific facet of this business.
    Is there a risk of suffering losses during periods of financial instability?
    Everything is exactly the opposite. The fact is that for such an activity as microfinance, the crisis is the period of the most dynamic development. This happens, first of all, because large credit institutions, trying to maximally protect their assets from financial risks, usually reduce the volume of loans issued to both individuals and legal entities that have not yet proven themselves during such periods. Moreover, as practice shows recent years, most banks even curtail their activities in medium-sized settlements during the crisis, leaving large offices only in megacities.
    At the same time, the need for real currency among potential clients in economically unstable times is naturally only growing. As for microfinance centers, they can easily satisfy this need. In addition, the format of such organizations makes it possible to cover even the most remote areas from the center of any region with their activities. settlements.
    As for the specifics of the client, here, unlike managers of large credit institutions, each individual founder of a microfinance center has every right to independently choose criteria for limiting the clientele, or to provide their services to each person who applies for them.
    Despite the fact that in every major city you can find a lot of microfinance organizations, based on even the most superficial analysis, their number does not yet fully satisfy the demand for such organizations among Russian citizens. The fact is that most of the founders of microfinance centers do not even try to engage in the most basic monitoring, and simply fill more or less crowded places in regional and district centers with their quick lending points. As a result, small cities and towns, as a rule, are not filled with such organizations, despite the fact that they are no less promising for such businesses.
    What are the prospects for the opening MFO center?
    As recently as two years ago, the industry described underwent quite noticeable changes, which could even be called revolutionary - all such organizations migrated under the control of the Bank of Russia. Without going into the legal details of such a (very significant) event, we can say with confidence the following: this industry will not be liquidated. Moreover, a very promising future awaits it under the auspices of a powerful organization. However, all positive forecasts concern only the legal side of this business.
    On endless forums, the purpose of which is to exchange “authoritative” opinions and “real” experience in this or that business, there is an opinion that you can start a microfinance business for clients with a relatively small amount - from 300 to 500 thousand rubles. However, this is not true. The smallest amount that will be needed to organize the work of a small office in an average city with a population of several hundred thousand people is no less than 1 million rubles. It is worth noting that with great demand, even this money may not be enough. Special attention should be given necessary tools and hiring qualified specialists who can properly ensure the operation of your MFI. In addition, very close and regular cooperation with the so-called external services - BKI, collection, FSSP, etc. organizations cannot be avoided. Currently, the legislator is also considering the procedure for MFO holders to join the Self-Regulatory Organization, designed to unite entrepreneurs by industry.
    It should be remembered that in practice there is no ideal assessment of the borrower. That is, no matter how careful the owner of a microfinance center is, he will not be able to avoid unscrupulous clients in any case. To these natural losses, when analyzing your financial capabilities, you should add the inevitable costs of rent, taxes and other expenses that will inevitably follow from ongoing operations.
    Be that as it may, starting your own microfinance business with insufficient start-up capital is simply pointless.
    Percentage of non-refundable funds in microfinance organizations
    The level of fraud in the microfinance market is very high. This is primarily due to characteristic features clients. The fact is that this whole business is based on lending to those people who are refused this by large banks. That. at its very core there are high risks of non-repayment of funds, which determines the high cost of the service, expressed in an extremely inflated interest rate. In large cities, criminals work in groups, taking very large sums from microfinance centers. Therefore, using the simplest methods of analysis, it is quite possible to predict where and under what circumstances the percentage of loss of funds will be higher and, if possible, significantly reduce it. However, it is impossible to predict all possible losses that will be incurred due to default.
    You can significantly reduce the risks when working in the field of microfinance by paying more due attention to the procedure for visual and statistical assessment of clients (the so-called scoring). You should definitely use the rich experience of other companies as fruitfully as possible, gain access to the ratings of other borrowers, access the archives of the BKI and other databases. In the process of work, it is also necessary to maintain your own detailed client statistics.
    As established practice shows, the greatest success in the field of microfinance is achieved by the entrepreneur who accompanies his client at all stages of interaction with the company. This includes a reminder about the payment date, standard for all serious credit institutions, and work with defaulters during the first delay, and cooperation with collection agencies.
    Payback and real profit
    The income of a microfinance company depends on several components. Generally speaking, everything is quite simple - you need to issue as many loans as possible and repay as many as possible more money. However, it should be taken into account that microfinance services are quite expensive. Therefore, a significant (although not the majority) part of clients, having used it once, refuse to contact the MFO center again. It inevitably follows from this that the customer base must be constantly replenished. At the same time, the package of services should be periodically modified in accordance with existing realities. " Regular customer MFO" is a myth.
    Today, holding a separate office alone is extremely unprofitable, since the income from the enterprise will only cover current expenses, and the payback period will be as high as possible. You can shorten it in several ways. The main ones include:
    consolidation of several microfinance organizations into a group of like-minded companies;
    work under franchise rights;
    initial careful planning and subsequent opening of a network of MFO offices.
    The amount of profit, naturally, depends on the amount of starting capital. Centers opened as a franchise with a start-up capital of about 1 million provide an average income of 150 thousand rubles. The time period during which such an enterprise pays off completely takes at least one and a half years.

    The microfinance market is a more dynamic system than the banking market. According to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the volume of microloans increases annually by at least a third. More and more Russians prefer MFO centers to large credit companies. In 2011, I had the idea to create a company that would engage in online lending. Before that, I worked in retail banks for quite a long time. Thoughts on innovation, use modern technologies I was always visited.
    In my opinion, at a certain point the banking industry (in terms of technology and development) somewhat stopped in its development. In the realities of new times, people clearly have a need for new financial instruments that are available to everyone at any second of the day or night. This is how our project was born.
    Today we have a huge database, about 150 thousand loans have been issued. Many clients stay with us. On average, a client uses our services about 8 times a year.
    There has long been an opinion that the demand for the services of microfinance centers increases at a time when the crisis is gaining momentum. In my opinion, this is not so, or not entirely so. A microloan is, first of all, convenience, accessibility, and ease of obtaining funds. Recently, the requirements for microfinance organizations have been tightened. Limitations on the maximum rate appeared, which helped to perceive organizations like ours no longer as a kind of moneylenders, but as more serious companies.
    Our clients are people who have bank cards. The first thing we decided to rely on was transparency. On the very first page of the site there is a calculator, on which the first scale is the amount that the client wants to receive. The second is the period within which he must pay back the money. The box below immediately indicates the amount that the client will ultimately pay. Everything is clear, simple and straightforward, without tricks and veiling the truth into mythical interest rates, which everyone is already quite tired of.
    The second advantage of online lending is convenience. Money is transferred to and withdrawn from the card completely freely and free of charge, whereas with the vast majority of banks, withdrawing cash from a credit card is a rather expensive service.
    Our average loan is 7.5 thousand rubles. Most large banks in our country provide loans from 10 thousand rubles. However, to obtain this modest amount, it is necessary to collect many certificates, documents and generally perform many actions. In order to receive money from us, you can submit an application without leaving your home.
    Negative attitudes towards MFOs have developed for a number of reasons.
    1. Negative advertising created for themselves by collectors working with some microfinance centers.
    2. The second is illiterate work with interest rate.
    3. Third, the instability of most companies. Many microfinance organizations close almost a month after opening. As a rule, they work poorly and do not behave in good faith towards borrowers.
    Based on all this, anyone who wants to achieve serious success in this market should pay a lot of attention to their reputation and not once again confirm the established negative opinion regarding MFOs.
    Last spring, the number of microfinance centers that ceased to exist exceeded the number of operating ones, as a result of which many people had the opinion that this business had become unprofitable. In fact, we are witnessing how the market puts everyone in their place. In previous years, many companies were created for the short term, and the central bank did not control our activities as actively as it does now. Since September 2015, liquidity standards have been introduced, minimum dimensions initial capital, etc. Further changes are coming in the future. Many arrogant participants in our market simply cannot cope with the requirements of the Central Bank and leave the race. Based on this, I strongly recommend adequately assessing your strengths before trying to work in this field. Many companies are excluded due to lack of financial statements, non-compliance with Federal Law No. 115.
    As for competition between MFIs operating online, there is no such competition yet. There are currently a little more than ten such companies. So the road is open.

    If you are going to open an MFO as a franchise, you will most likely come across many offers that you should not accept. The fact is that among the huge number of proposed MFO business models, there are very few working options. Strictly speaking, today they can be counted on one hand. The entire mass of unwanted offers can be divided into the following groups.
    1. The first consists of organizations that are not actually operating yet; however, their founders already know what their models will be like. When starting a new business, owners are faced with the rather difficult problem of finding funds. The franchise is the first thing in which they seek and find their salvation. The result is that in offices operating under such a franchise, practically no analytical activity is carried out and full control is not exercised. In general, the work of such offices is not supported in any way by the parent organization. The main disadvantage stems from the lack of analytics: ignorance of the specifics of the local market leads to the almost complete inability of the company to adapt to the local market. There is no understanding whatsoever regarding the scope of work and the list of required financial instruments.
    2. The second is represented by non-functioning companies. Typically, such proposals come from companies that were initially in the category described above. Having distributed the rights to conduct business to their franchisees, they are faced with a number of troubles caused by the peculiarities of the market. The destinations represented by such companies will soon be closed. The only thing left of them is advertisements on Internet resources. Often, along with them, offers appear from those companies that cannot find franchisees on their own. Characteristic feature Such advertisements, unfortunately, are the top places in the search feed.
    3. Actually, scammers.
    A truly operating franchise can be distinguished from an advertised unpromising company or even a “dummy” by the following parameters.
    The official website of such a company certainly contains comprehensive legal information. In particular, on the first page of the site, as a rule, there is a link to a complete list of already existing franchisees with their full details, addresses, phone numbers, etc. I note that such information is not disclosed at will - this is an indispensable requirement for every microfinance organization , organized by all established rules. If necessary information no, then you can safely draw the appropriate conclusions.
    The same applies to documentation. Often, unscrupulous companies simply post fake links that, when clicked, do not open any documents. Don’t be lazy, it’s best to check each tab for activity and see:
    Are there scans of the submitted documents?
    Is the list of available documents exhaustive?
    Next, you should check whether the MFO you are interested in is included in the register of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. This is quite easy to do. To do this, you need to download the latest edition of the register and use it to check the OGRN or TIN of the company, checking them with the information in the list. Very often, in the top offers there are companies removed from the register or those that were never there.
    In addition to all of the above, the company’s website must contain information about the beneficiaries and other partners of the MFO. This advice, of course, will be useful for the most meticulous and meticulous entrepreneurs. The fact is that very often, trying to give their very mediocre brainchild as much significance as possible, the owners register each of the modest number of franchisees several times. The result is the appearance of a solid network.