What to do if the drain hole is full. How to remove sludge from a cesspool. Use of chemicals

Silt is sediment at the bottom of a pit. His appearance is normal.

Sooner or later it has to be formed. Another thing is that during the construction of the pit, you (or someone) could contribute to its early appearance by making mistakes in the design.

All walls and bottom of the septic tank had to be airtight.

If the bottom was left "as is", then this is already a well. In this case, quicksand, soaked clay, etc. are added to the wastewater.

Now it's too late to blame anyone. Let's better figure it out together: what to do if silted up cesspool?

How to find out that this trouble happened to the pit?

Here are some signs:

  • The hole began to fill faster than before. More often you have to pump out;
  • The stench comes from the pit;
  • Fat deposits are visible on the walls;
  • At the bottom is a layer of silt.

Cleaning methods

We conditionally divide the methods of dealing with silt into independent and with the involvement of technology. Let's make a reservation right away that attracting equipment, although it costs money, is much easier and more efficient. However, there are places where it is not so easy to call the cesspools, so there are always "old-fashioned" methods.

Goldsmith method

For pumping out, you can not spare the water pump (although it is not intended for this). Then install a mesh with 1-2 mm cells on the receiving funnel.

Water pump

The liquid is discharged into a hole previously dug nearby (where the liquid will be absorbed rather quickly and it can be immediately buried). Or in a container that can be taken out.

After the liquid is removed, what is not pumped out by the pump is removed from the bottom with the help of a brave worker manually using a bucket and a rope.

Semi-automatic for a small hole

If the car is available for you, and the pit is small (for example, from tires), then you can make a pole with a hat and try to thoroughly mix the dense, caked silt with the liquid.

Making a hat is up to you, it can resemble an oar, or a disk attached perpendicularly, the main thing is to keep it well.

After everything is mixed, we call the sewer machine. She can suck out the liquefied sludge.

In the absence of a centralized sewage system, the only way out is the construction cesspool. - the simplest and reliable choice. Step-by-step instruction to create a drain pit - read on our website.

About the toilet bowl for country toilet read . Choosing a place for a toilet cubicle and installing a toilet bowl.

And here you will learn how to choose a dry closet for a summer residence. Overview of models, device and principle of operation, as well as reviews of dry closets.

Waste tank - water - sewer

If the hole is too deep, or you don't feel like fiddling with the pole, you can get rid of the silt by calling a special. technique twice. The first time she pumps out the slurry. Then we find a way to fill the hole clean water(with the same sewer, fire engine, or its powerful pump).

Pumping out sludge from the drain with a cesspool

Under the pressure of water, the silt from the bottom is stirred, becomes loose, and now, when it is re-cleaned with a sewer, it will be completely removed.

It is clear that the re-call of the machine is needed only if the silt at the bottom is dense and caked. But often the vacuum cleaners are powerful enough to cope with the task the first time.

bacteria

Now they produce special biological products for cleaning cesspools. Microorganisms clean the walls of septic tanks, pipes, soften sludge, “digest” waste, leaving behind water, mineral sediment and carbon dioxide.

Cleaning a septic tank with a biological product "Mikrozim"

The advantages of the method are that:

  • Easy to implement;
  • Does not harm the environment;
  • Eliminates unpleasant odors.

On the package you will find instructions on what and how to do.

If the hatch on your pit closes tightly, be careful when buying: if it is written that the bacteria are aerobic, then they need Fresh air. In a sealed septic tank, they will quickly die.

Bacteria also have disadvantages. Like any living creature, they are whimsical:

  • They dislike bleach, powders, and detergents;
  • If t is below 0 o C, or above +40 o C - organisms die;
  • They also die from "old age" - you need to periodically replenish the colony.

chemicals

In winter, chemicals can be used. The safest among them are nitrate oxidizers.

If you use nitrate fertilizers in the garden, then this reagent will not cause you concern.

The tool will liquefy the sludge, just keep in mind that it should not be frozen.

Waste household chemicals for the reagent are not terrible, but its cost for someone can be tangible.

In the past, chemicals such as ammonium salts and formaldehyde were used. But they are toxic and bad for the environment.

This unit will solve all your problems with the pit. It has more power than a conventional vacuum cleaner, the depth of which it can handle is 16 m. (In contrast to the 6 m. of a vacuum truck).

Heavy Duty Suction Machine

Some silt pumps have nozzles that allow you to supply water with high pressure to cope with dense silt.

Further actions

Now that the sludge has been pumped out, it all depends on how your pit is set up. If it is airtight (the bottom is concrete, for example), then the work is over - you can continue to safely use the toilet.

If you left the bottom earthen, or covered it with rubble, you need to make sure that in the near future the pit is not covered with clay again.

Sandy soils absorb moisture well. After cleaning, you can update the gravel layer and enjoy. But to tell the truth, it's not very good decision.The gravel will quickly become covered with silt again, and all procedures will have to be repeated..

Still, it would be better to spare no effort and money and pour concrete base(this is especially true for cesspools in loamy soils). This will help to significantly push back the time of the next serious sewer cleaning!

Waste treatment facilities are simply necessary for waste disposal in a private house. - polymer tank, septic tank, cesspool. System care.

You might be interested in learning about ways to clear clogged sinks. Read about how to clean pipes with a plunger, a plumbing cable and chemicals.

Related video


if you have Vacation home, then for sure you have equipped an autonomous sewer system, one of the components of which is a cesspool that acts as a septic tank.

And, as you know, like any technical structure, a wastewater storage tank needs regular maintenance. Most often, for this it is customary to use the services of a sewage machine, which must be done at least 1 time per year.

But there are other ways to clean waste pit, for example, the use of a special biological product.

Biopreparation for cesspools

What is caustic soda and how is it produced?

Caustic soda is the basis of many chemicals designed to clean sewer systems.

It is she in her own chemical properties is considered the strongest base, which refers to alkalis.

Sodium hydroxide or it is popularly called "caustic" is a white powder or granules.

It must be used carefully, because it is a difficult chemical and has toxic properties, it corrodes almost any organic matter, and it is also volatile.

This is what caustic soda looks like

The sodium hydroxide preparation functions by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.

This process is carried out in three ways:

  1. mercury;
  2. diaphragmatic;
  3. membrane.

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)

The special properties of this substance include incombustibility, non-explosiveness, causticity, hazard class 2.

Sequence and rules for the use of a chemical

It is known that cleaning the cesspool with caustic soda is very effective, but in order to achieve a good result, you need to follow the rules for using it.

For example, you must understand that chemical active funds not only fight against unpleasant odors that waste has, but they can also negatively affect the soil.

Given this, you should not abuse their use.

Moreover, if you visit the forums where those who have already tried caustic soda communicate, you can find out that it can even negatively affect a person.

Do not abuse caustic soda

One of the main safety rules when using chemicals is to ensure the absolute tightness of the pit.

Otherwise, it threatens that insects may appear that will spread the infection outside the septic tank.

Do not forget that the accumulation of gases in a large volume is explosive, respectively, you need to take care of a good ventilation system.

Caustic soda must first be diluted in water

We figured out how to dissolve fat in a cesspool, now you can proceed to the sequence of use.

For this you will need:

  • plastic bucket 10-12 l;
  • scoop or small shovel;
  • rubber/nitrile gloves;
  • goggles and mask.

It is immediately worth noting that caustic soda is not poured into the cesspool in powder form, but is pre-diluted in water.

First, with the help of a scoop, the right amount of soda is poured into the bucket (from 2 kg to 4 kg), it depends on the volume of the pit.

After that, the powder is poured into 7 liters of water and stirred. As it dissolves, heat is released, as a result chemical reaction the water in the bucket is heated to 60 degrees Celsius.

When the soda has completely dissolved, the resulting solution can be poured onto the bottom of the sewage pit or septic tank, but at the same time, without removing gloves and a mask.

The period of active action of the composition is 4 minutes, according to the number of washing cycles, there should be 2 of them.

The period of action of the active composition is 4 minutes

Do not forget about safety measures, because this tool is a very strong alkali.

In case of contact with the skin, it causes chemical burns, and with longer contact, it threatens with serious ulcers and eczema.

That is why it is imperative to use reliable means of protection, in case of contact with the skin, you need to wash everything off with plenty of water or even a solution boric acid (2%).

If the eyes are affected, then they should be washed for 5 minutes with warm water.

If there are signs of irritation, then this is an occasion to consult a doctor.

Protective equipment must be used

Effective chemicals to dissolve fat in the sewer

In the process of restoring normal operation, chemically active substances cannot be dispensed with if after a few years you are faced with such signs bad work cesspool like:

  • bottom silting;
  • the appearance of an unpleasant odor;
  • wall contamination with fractions that are difficult to wash off;
  • fast filling.

This is what the silting of the drain pit looks like

Do not know how to clean the drain hole from grease? Just buy one of the biologics below and you can make a cleansing sewer system no problem.

Now, in addition to caustic soda, the following biological products for septic tanks and cesspools are widely used:

    Septifos preparation

    Preparation Scarab

    Calius drug

  • Waste Treat;

During the construction of small suburban or country houses most homeowners solve the problem of sewage disposal simply - they dig a cesspool, where all the waste of the residents' life activity is drained through pipes. But the time “H” comes and the accumulated sewage reminds of itself with a pungent smell. So, it's time to get down to not very pleasant work - pumping out the contents and exporting them. And how to clean a cesspool without pumping? The current achievements of technologists make it possible to do this without spending money on attracting professionals.

Unlike a septic tank, a cesspool is a primitive reservoir without any signs of sewage treatment. And all its contents are stored there in full until the moment of pumping out. And not just stored: an "explosive" mixture of feces, food waste and detergents is a potential threat to human health if it enters the soil. Therefore, the timely cleaning of toilets and cesspools is so important: their overflow leads to infection. environment.

Besides, drain hole, filled to the brim, publishes a very bad smell, which can negate the delights of living in nature.

Tip: To avoid force majeure, you should take care of cleaning the cesspool in the country when it is two-thirds full.

Cleaning methods

Cleaning the drain pit can be done in three ways:

  • pumping out the contents with its subsequent export;
  • treatment with special chemicals;
  • with help .

When choosing a method for how to clean and how to remove the smell from a cesspool, the following points should be considered:

  • the use of chemicals harms the metal components of the local sewer system;
  • the presence of a dishwasher in the house and washing machines involves the use of detergents that make useless the use of bacteria that cleans drains. They will quickly die from contact with household chemicals. As a result, you will spend money and not clean the drain hole.

From this point of view, the most universal is still mechanical way removal of sewage, but the use of special preparations will significantly reduce the number of calls for sewers.

Speaking about how much it costs to pump out septic tanks and cesspools, the price here can be in the range of 700-900 rubles per 1 cubic meter and also depends on the volume of the required machine.

How to pump out a cesspool with a pump is shown in the video.

A properly built cesspool has been functioning for years, absolutely not requiring any attention. However, over time, the efficiency of its work decreases and there comes a time when the filling of the sewage tank occurs very quickly. At first, of course, you can save yourself by calling a sewage machine to clean the sewer. When the interval between calls is reduced to several weeks, the understanding comes that the problem cannot be solved by simple pumping out. In the meantime, there are several effective methods ranging from fairly simple to radical ones, the use of which will make the sewer system work with the same force.

During the operation of the cesspool, the effectiveness of its drainage layer decreases over time.

When equipping a cesspool, a leaky structure with a drainage layer at the bottom is usually used. For a long time, the drainage performed its functions, diverting liquid waste into the ground. Over time, the gaps between its elements became clogged with fat residues, food residues, and simply silt. Spontaneous sealing of the bottom of the pit occurred. As a result of this, wastewater does not have access to the soil layer and simply fills the tank, and since a sewage pit is usually built based on a three-day drain volume, its volume is filled very quickly.

Another reason for the inefficient operation of the sewer system may be its freezing in winter time. Naturally, draining water onto frozen ground will be impossible.

For the normal functioning of the sewerage system in winter, it is necessary to insulate the sewage well

With a decrease in the efficiency of the cesspool, the following signs are observed:

  • The walls of the waste sewer tank are covered with fatty deposits, which are quite problematic to wash off;
  • Accumulation of bottom sediment;
  • A fetid odor from the pit;
  • The time to fill the cesspool is reduced to a week or less.

For the normal functioning of the sewage system, it is necessary to properly clean the cesspool and restore its performance.

Sludge removal

Silting of the bottom of the cesspool

The main reason why the normal operation of the sewage tank is blocked is the silting of the bottom. You can overcome this problem in the following way:

  • First of all, it is required to pump out sewage using a sewage machine. In order to remove deposits from the bottom of the pit as much as possible, it is necessary to drain the sewage from the machine under pressure. In this case, the upper layer of silt deposits will be eroded and pumped out again by the sewer.

You can mix the bottom sediment well with the help of a long pole with an element in the form of a fungus at its end.

  • Fill the bottom with clean water. So they will be further liquefied.
  • Add special biological preparations containing bacteria directly into the pit or through the sewerage system. The fact is that bottom sediments are food for many types of microorganisms. After processing, there will be very little solid residue, because the main part of the sludge will turn into a liquid that will successfully go into the soil. It is best to add the biopreparation directly into the pit, splashing it on the walls.

Biological products for septic tanks will help to cope with the problem of silting the bottom of the cesspool

As a result of the use of preparations containing bacteria, they achieve not only liquefaction of the solid sludge and a decrease in the amount of waste in the pit, but also the elimination of bad smell, as well as restoring the efficiency of the drainage system.

The positive side of the use of biological preparations is the production of organic substances that are absolutely harmless to humans and nature. They can be easily poured onto the ground.

Sludge can be pumped out not only with the help of special equipment, but also using household fecal or drainage pumps. The former are preferable for compacted sludge, since they have a knife in their design that grinds the solid sediment for its normal passage through the hose. In the process of work, the release of sludge is best done in compost heap and further use it for fertilizer purposes.

Pumping out a cesspool with a drainage pump

Ways to improve efficiency

There are several ways to improve sewerage performance. The work can take from several hours to several days, depending on the degree of complexity.

Improvement of the cesspool to a septic tank

An old cesspool can be modified to a simple septic tank

The silting of the bottom of the cesspool can be easily turned to your advantage by using the resulting sealed container as the primary chamber of a simple septic tank. In order to move a step forward in wastewater treatment, you just need to install a filtration well a few meters from the first structure and make an overflow and ventilation system. When doing this work, follow the recommendations of experts:

  • You can dig a pit both with the help of earthmoving equipment and manually. The first option is preferable when arranging a septic tank away from buildings. In addition, the earth loosened by an excavator will absorb water much more efficiently. The second method is much cheaper and does not require access roads for construction vehicles. It should also be borne in mind that a manually dug pit will exactly repeat the outlines of the elements for strengthening the walls of the septic tank, so this method is much more effective in hard-to-reach places or near buildings.
  • When choosing materials, if possible, preference should be given to prefabricated concrete rings with perforations. They are durable and very effective. Their only drawback is their heavy weight, requiring installation with a crane. The way out of this situation is the manual digging of the rings by the method of gradual selection of soil from under their walls and internal space. Also, to build a filtration well, you can use brickwork with a gap or car tires from trucks.
  • The overflow pipe from the waste pit is installed half a meter below the level of the sewer sewer inlet. Usually use products with a diameter of 110 mm. The end of the pipe must be at least 20-25 cm from the inner wall of the filtration well. This requirement is especially important for red brick walls, since its surface will not be destroyed during the draining process. Note that it is better to use rejected burnt bricks. It perfectly copes with moisture and has a low cost.
  • When arranging a filtration well, one should not forget about sanitary standards and SNiP, requiring to have treatment facilities no closer than 30m to a well or borehole, 1m from the border of a neighboring site and 3-5m from the nearest structure, depending on its number of storeys.

In the process of using an improved cesspool, you should follow the same rules as when working with septic tanks - the regular use of biological products, the absence of sewage chemical components of household chemicals, periodic sludge removal.

Improvement of filtration parameters

Wall perforation concrete rings significantly increases the performance of the seepage well

Of course, after completely pumping out the sludge from the bottom of the cesspool, you can use the method of cleaning the drainage with biological products, but nothing will give such an effect as a complete replacement of the drainage layer. Of course, this work cannot be called pleasant, but if you manage to complete it or find a volunteer, you will get an almost new sewer facility. To remove the old drainage, you can use a bucket with a rope and a regular shovel with a short stem. After the old filling is removed, the pit is deepened by 30-40 cm and covered with a 20-30 cm layer of fine gravel, and then a 30-40 cm layer of coarse gravel, small rubble or broken brick.

If the walls of the cesspool are made of monolithic concrete rings, then perforations can be made in the two lower structural elements. To do this, it is better to use an electric puncher or impact drill and a diamond drill with a diameter of 50-80mm. The distance between adjacent holes, as well as between their rows, must be at least 25 cm. Otherwise, the strength of the structure may suffer.

Pit defrosting

In winter, a thick layer of snow will keep the cesspool from freezing.

In rare cases, the performance of the cesspool is reduced due to the freezing of waste. Often this is not at all due to poor thermal insulation or improper design. It happens that “General Frost” is to blame for all the troubles, and then you have to resort to drastic measures.

In order not to wait for the spring heat in order to defrost the pit, it is necessary to prepare an extension cord, copper wire, a steel rod 20-30 cm long and a grip.

When carrying out work related to electricity, be sure to follow the safety regulations. Wear electrician's gloves and shoes with thick rubber soles.

If frozen sewage pipe, then it is enough to wrap it with a copper conductor, the end of which is connected to the phase wire. After several hours, in the process of current flowing between copper and ground zero, the pipe will warm up and thaw. It is only important to prevent children and animals from entering the working area.

If the entire pit is frozen, then a steel rod is required to be driven into its center, a copper conductor is connected to it and phase voltage is applied. It is possible that it will take not several hours, but a whole day to thaw the pit, but this will happen in any case. After completing the work, it is necessary to turn off the voltage and only then remove the rod with wires.

The efficiency of its work in the future, as well as the frequency of cleaning the sewer system, will depend on the method of restoring the health of the cesspool. The use of biological preparations will help to postpone the call of a sewage truck for a long time, it is only important to adhere to the rules for using a sewage system with a bacterial cleaning method.

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Nitrate oxidizing agents are considered safe chemicals. In composition, they are similar to nitrate fertilizers, as a result they are environmentally friendly, and the product of their processing can even be used as a fertilizer. The scheme of operation of this reagent is simple: it quickly dilutes the sludge medium, removes an unpleasant odor and reduces the amount of residual mass. A big plus is that they work even in an aggressive environment (an environment in which there is household chemical waste). The downside is the high cost of the drug.

Septic tank cleaning

Often, the manufacturer provides silt pipes in the designs of septic tanks, and the sludge is removed by gravity. If this is not the case, then there is a need to pump out the sludge. This can be done with a vacuum drainage pump or with the help of a sewage machine.

One of modern methods to combat sludge in septic tanks are special biological products, the so-called "bacteria for septic tanks". They are added to the chambers of septic tanks, they are activated and quickly break down sewage, silt and fatty layers into completely harmless neutral substances. When removing sludge with the help of bacteria, you should know that bacteria do not tolerate direct exposure toxic substances type of chlorine. They just die and don't work.

Having considered everything possible ways, we can safely say that you have reliable and verified information on how to get rid of sludge in a cesspool on your own or with outside help. Do not forget about the prevention of your cesspool, preventive measures are what will save you from the hassle and costs in the future. So that the cesspool does not often fill up, do prevention on time! We wish you good luck in the fight against silt!