How to turn gcal m cube. Gigacalorie - what is it? General principles for performing Gcal calculations

What is such a measuring unit as a gigacalorie? What does it have to do with traditional kilowatt-hours, in which it is calculated thermal energy? What information is necessary to have in order to correctly calculate Gcal for heating? After all, what formula should be used during the calculation? This and many other things will be discussed in today's article.

What is Gcal?

Let's start with a related definition. A calorie is a certain amount of energy that is required to heat one gram of water to one degree Celsius (at atmospheric pressure, of course). And in view of the fact that from the point of view of heating costs, say, at home, one calorie is a miserable amount, in most cases, gigacalories (or Gcal for short), corresponding to one billion calories, are used for calculations. With that decided, let's move on.

The use of this value is regulated by the relevant document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, issued back in 1995.

Note! The average consumption standard in Russia per one square meter is equal to 0.0342 Gcal per month. Of course, this number is subject to change different regions because it all depends on the climate.

So, what is a gigacalorie if we “transform” it into more familiar values for us? See for yourself.

1. One gigacalorie equals approximately 1,162.2 kilowatt-hours.

2. One gigacalorie of energy is enough to heat a thousand tons of water to +1°C.

What is all this for?

The problem should be considered from two points of view - from the point of view of apartment buildings and private. Let's start with the first.

Multi-apartment buildings

There is nothing complicated here: gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. And if you know how much heat energy remains in the house, then you can present a specific bill to the consumer. Let's give a small comparison: if centralized heating will function in the absence of a meter, then you have to pay for the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room. If there is a heat meter, this in itself implies a horizontal type of wiring (either collector or serial): two risers are brought into the apartment (for “return” and supply), and the in-house system (more precisely, its configuration) is determined by the tenants. This kind of scheme is used in new buildings, thanks to which people regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between savings and comfort.

Let's find out how this adjustment is carried out.

1. Installation of a common thermostat on the "return" line. In this case, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature inside the apartment: if it decreases, then the flow rate will increase accordingly, and if it rises, it will decrease.

2. Throttling of heating radiators. Thanks to the throttle, the patency of the heater is limited, the temperature decreases, which means that the consumption of thermal energy is reduced.

Private houses

We continue to talk about the calculation of Gcal for heating. Owners country houses they are interested, first of all, in the cost of a gigacalorie of thermal energy received from one or another type of fuel. The table below can help with this.

Table. Comparison of the cost of 1 Gcal (including transportation costs)

* - prices are approximate, as tariffs may differ depending on the region, moreover, they are also constantly growing.

Heat meters

Now let's find out what information is needed in order to calculate the heating. It is easy to guess what this information is.

1. The temperature of the working fluid at the outlet / inlet of a particular section of the line.

2. The flow rate of the working fluid that passes through the heating devices.

The flow rate is determined through the use of thermal metering devices, that is, meters. These can be of two types, let's get acquainted with them.

Vane meters

Such devices are intended not only for heating systems, but also for hot water supply. Their only difference from those meters that are used for cold water is the material from which the impeller is made - in this case it is more resistant to elevated temperatures.

As for the mechanism of work, it is almost the same:

due to the circulation of the working fluid, the impeller begins to rotate;
the rotation of the impeller is transferred to the accounting mechanism;
the transfer is carried out without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.

Despite the fact that the design of such counters is extremely simple, their response threshold is quite low, moreover, there is also reliable protection from distortion of readings: the slightest attempt to brake the impeller by means of an external magnetic field prevented by the anti-magnetic screen.

Instruments with differential recorder

Such devices operate on the basis of Bernoulli's law, which states that the speed of a gas or liquid flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. But how is this hydrodynamic property applicable to the calculation of the flow rate of the working fluid? Very simple - you just need to block her path with a retaining washer. In this case, the rate of pressure drop on this washer will be inversely proportional to the speed of the moving stream. And if the pressure is recorded by two sensors at once, then you can easily determine the flow rate, and in real time.

Note! The design of the counter implies the presence of electronics. The overwhelming majority of such modern models provide not only dry information (temperature of the working fluid, its consumption), but also determine the actual use of thermal energy. The control module here is equipped with a port for connecting to a PC and can be configured manually.

Many readers will probably have a logical question: what if we are not talking about a closed heating system, but about an open one, in which selection for hot water supply is possible? How, in this case, to calculate Gcal for heating? The answer is quite obvious: here pressure sensors (as well as retaining washers) are placed simultaneously on both the supply and the “return”. And the difference in the flow rate of the working fluid will indicate the amount of heated water that was used for household needs.

How to calculate the consumed thermal energy?

If there is no heat meter for one reason or another, then the following formula must be used to calculate the heat energy:

Vx(T1-T2)/1000=Q

Let's take a look at what these conventions mean.

1. V stands for the amount consumed hot water, which can be calculated either in cubic meters or in tons.

2. T1 is the temperature indicator of the hottest water (traditionally measured in the usual degrees Celsius). In this case, it is preferable to use exactly the temperature that is observed at a certain operating pressure. By the way, the indicator even has a special name - this is enthalpy. But if the desired sensor is not available, then as a basis, you can take that temperature regime, which is extremely close to this enthalpy. In most cases, the average is approximately 60-65 degrees.

3. T2 in the above formula also indicates the temperature, but already cold water. Due to the fact that to penetrate the highway with cold water- the matter is rather difficult, as this value constant values \u200b\u200bare used that can change depending on the climatic conditions on the street. So, in winter, when the heating season is in full swing, this indicator is 5 degrees, and in the summer, with the heating turned off, 15 degrees.

4. As for 1000, this is the standard coefficient used in the formula in order to get the result already in gigacalories. It will be more accurate than if calories were used.

5. Finally, Q is total thermal energy.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here, so we move on. If the heating circuit is of a closed type (and this is more convenient from an operational point of view), then the calculations must be made in a slightly different way. The formula to use for a closed building heating system, should look like this:

((V1x(T1-T)-(V2x(T2-T))=Q

Now, respectively, to decryption.

1. V1 denotes the flow rate of the working fluid in the supply pipeline (not only water, but also steam can act as a source of thermal energy, which is typical).

2. V2 is the flow rate of the working fluid in the "return" pipeline.

3. T is an indicator of the temperature of the cold liquid.

4. T1 - water temperature in the supply pipeline.

5. T2 - temperature indicator, which is observed at the outlet.

6. And, finally, Q is all the same amount of thermal energy.

It is also worth noting that the calculation of Gcal for heating in this case is based on several designations:

thermal energy that entered the system (measured in calories);
temperature indicator during the removal of the working fluid through the "return" pipeline.

Other ways to determine the amount of heat

We add that there are also other ways by which you can calculate the amount of heat that enters the heating system. In this case, the formula not only differs slightly from those given below, but also has several variations.

((V1x(T1-T2)+(V1-V2)x(T2-T1))/1000=Q

((V2x(T1-T2)+(V1-V2)x(T1-T)/1000=Q

As for the values of the variables, they are the same here as in the previous paragraph of this article. Based on all this, we can make a confident conclusion that it is quite possible to calculate the heat for heating on our own. However, at the same time, one should not forget about consulting with specialized organizations that are responsible for providing housing with heat, since their methods and principles for making calculations may differ, and significantly, and the procedure may consist of a different set of measures.

If you intend to equip a "warm floor" system, then prepare for the fact that the calculation process will be more complicated, since it takes into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also the characteristics electrical network, which, in fact, will heat the floor. Moreover, the organizations that install this kind of equipment will also be different.

Note! People often face the problem when calories should be converted to kilowatts, due to the use of a unit of measure in many specialized manuals, which in international system called "Si".

In such cases, it must be remembered that the coefficient due to which kilocalories will be converted to kilowatts is 850. If we talk more plain language, then one kilowatt is 850 kilocalories. This calculation option is simpler than the above, since it is possible to determine the value in gigacalories in a few seconds, since Gcal, as noted earlier, is a million calories.

To avoid possible errors, do not forget that almost all modern heat meters work with some error, albeit within the permissible range. Such an error can also be calculated with your own hands, for which you must use the following formula:

(V1- V2)/(V1+ V2)x100=E

Traditionally, now we find out what each of these variable values means.

1. V1 is the flow rate of the working fluid in the supply pipeline.

2. V2 - a similar indicator, but already in the "return" pipeline.

3. 100 is the number by which the value is converted to a percentage.

4. Finally, E is the error of the accounting device.

According to operational requirements and standards, the maximum permissible error should not exceed 2 percent, although in most meters it is somewhere around 1 percent.

As a result, we note that a correctly calculated Gcal for heating can significantly save money spent on heating a room. At first glance, this procedure is quite complicated, but - and you saw it for yourself - with good instructions, there is nothing difficult in it.

Video - How to calculate heating in a private house

Everyone, at least indirectly, is familiar with such a concept as “calorie”. What is it and why is it needed? What exactly does it mean? Such questions arise, especially if you need to increase it to kilocalories, megacalories or gigacalories, or convert it to other values, such as Gcal to kW.

What is a calorie

The calorie is not included in the international system of measurements of metric values, but this concept is widely used to refer to the amount of energy released. It indicates how much energy must be spent on heating 1 g of water so that this volume increases the temperature by 1 ° C under standard conditions.

There are 3 generally accepted designations, each of which is used depending on the area:

The international value of a calorie, which is equal to 4.1868 J (Joule), and is denoted as "cal" in Russian Federation and cal, in the world;
In thermochemistry - a relative value approximately equal to 4.1840 J with the Russian designation cal th and the world one - cal th;
A 15-degree calorie indicator equal to approximately 4.1855 J, which is known in Russia as “cal 15”, and in the world - cal 15.

Initially, the calorie was used to find the amount of heat released during the generation of energy from the fuel. Subsequently, this value began to be used to calculate the amount of energy expended by an athlete when performing any physical activity, since the same physical laws apply in these actions.

Since fuel is needed to release heat, then, by analogy with heat power engineering in a simple life, the body also needs “refueling” to generate energy - food that people take regularly.

A person receives a certain number of calories, depending on which product he consumed.

The more calories in the form of food a person received, the more energy he gets for sports. However, people do not always consume the amount of calories that is necessary to maintain the body's vital processes in the norm and perform physical activity. As a result, some lose weight (with a calorie deficit), while others gain weight.

Calorie is the amount of energy received by a person as a result of the absorption of a particular product.

Based on this theory, many principles of diets and rules are built. healthy eating. The optimal amount of energy and macronutrients that a person needs per day can be calculated in accordance with the formulas of well-known nutritionists (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-San Geor), using standard parameters:

Age;
Height;
An example of daily activity;
Lifestyle.

These data can be used by changing them for yourself - for painless weight loss, it is enough to create a deficit of 15-20% of the daily calorie content, and for a healthy weight gain - a similar surplus.

What is a gigacalorie and how many calories does it contain

The concept of Gigacalorie is most often found in documents in the field of thermal power engineering. This value can be found in receipts, notices, payments for heating and hot water.

It means the same thing as a calorie, but in a larger volume, as evidenced by the prefix "Giga". Gcal determines that the original value was multiplied by 10 9 . In simple terms, there are 1 billion calories in 1 Gigacalorie.

Like the calorie, the gigacalorie does not belong to the metric system of physical quantities.

The table below shows a comparison of values as an example:

The need to use Gcal is due to the fact that when heating the volume of water needed for heating and household needs of the population, even 1 residential building releases a huge amount of energy. Writing numbers denoting it in documents in calorie format is too long and inconvenient.

Such a value as a gigacalorie can be found in payment documents for heating

You can imagine how much energy is expended during heating season on an industrial scale: when heating 1 quarter, district, city, country.

Gcal and Gcal/h: what is the difference

If it is necessary to calculate the payment by the consumer for state heat power services (house heating, hot water), such a value as Gcal / h is used. It denotes a reference to time - how many Gigacalories are consumed during heating for a given period of time. Sometimes it is also replaced by Gcal / m 3 (how much energy is needed to transfer heat to a cubic meter of water).

Q=V*(T1 – T2)/1000, where

V is the volume of fluid consumption in cubic meters/tons;
T1 is the temperature of the incoming hot liquid, which is measured in degrees Celsius;
T2 is the temperature of the incoming cold liquid, by analogy with the previous indicator;
1000 is an auxiliary coefficient that simplifies calculations by eliminating numbers in the tenth digit (automatically converts kcal to Gcal).

This formula is often used to build the principle of operation of heat meters in private apartments, houses or enterprises. This measure is necessary with a sharp increase in the cost of this utility service, especially when the calculations are generalized based on the area / volume of the room that is heated.

If a closed-type system is installed in the room (hot liquid is poured into it once without additional water supply), the formula is modified:

Q= ((V1* (T1 – T2)) – (V2* (T2 – T)))/ 1000, where

Q is the amount of thermal energy;
V1 is the volume of consumed thermal substance (water / gas) in the pipeline through which it enters the system;
V2 is the volume of thermal substance in the pipeline through which it returns back;
T1 - temperature in degrees Celsius in the pipeline at the inlet;
T2 - temperature in degrees Aim in the pipeline at the outlet;
T is the temperature of cold water;
1000 is an auxiliary coefficient.

This formula is based on the difference between the values at the inlet and outlet of the coolant in the room.

Depending on the use of a particular energy source, as well as the type of thermal substance (water, gas), alternative calculation formulas are also used:

Q= ((V1* (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2)*(T2 - T))/1000
Q= ((V2* (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2)*(T1 - T))/1000

In addition, the formula changes if the system includes electrical devices(e.g. underfloor heating).

How Gcal for hot water and heating is calculated

Heating is calculated using formulas similar to the formulas for finding Gcal/h.

An approximate formula for calculating payment for warm water in residential premises:

P i gv \u003d V i gv * T x gv + (V v kr * V i gv / ∑ V i gv * T v kr)

Used quantities:

P i gv - the desired value;
V i gw - the volume of hot water consumption for a certain time period;
T x gv - the established tariff fee for hot water supply;
V v gv - the amount of energy expended by the company that is engaged in its heating and supply to residential / non-residential premises;
∑ V i gv - the amount of consumption warm water in all premises of the house in which the calculation is made;
T v gv - tariff payment for thermal energy.

This formula does not take into account the atmospheric pressure indicator, since it does not significantly affect the final desired value.

The formula is approximate and is not suitable for self-calculation without prior consultation. Before using it, you must contact the local utilities for clarification and adjustment - perhaps they use other parameters and formulas for the calculation.

Calculation of the amount of heating payment is very important, as often impressive amounts are not justified.

The result of the calculations depends not only on relative temperature values - it is directly affected by the tariffs set by the government for the consumption of hot water and space heating.

The computational process is greatly simplified if you install a heating meter on an apartment, entrance or residential building.

It should be borne in mind that even the most accurate counters can allow errors in the calculations. It can also be determined by the formula:

E = 100 *((V1 - V2)/(V1 + V2))

The following indicators are used in the presented formula:

E - error;
V1 is the volume of consumed hot water supply upon admission;
V2 - consumed hot water at the outlet;
100 is an auxiliary coefficient that converts the result into a percentage.

In accordance with the requirements, the average error of the calculation device is about 1%, and the maximum allowable is 2%.

Video: an example of calculating the heating fee

How to convert Gcal to kWh and Gcal/h to kW

On various devices the spheres of thermal power engineering indicate various metric values. Yes, on heating boilers and heaters often indicate kilowatts and kilowatts per hour. Gcal is more common on counting devices (counters). The difference in values interferes with the correct calculation of the desired value by the formula.

To facilitate the calculation process, it is necessary to learn how to translate one value into another and vice versa. Since the values \u200b\u200bare constant, this is not difficult - 1 Gcal / h is equal to 1162.7907 kW.

If the value is presented in megawatts, it can be converted back to Gcal / h by multiplying by a constant value of 0.85984.

Below are auxiliary tables that allow you to quickly convert values from one to another:

Gcal	kWh
1	1163
2	2326
3	3489
4	4652
5	5815
10	11630
15	85,984
500 000	429,9226
1 000 000	859,8452

The use of these tables will greatly simplify the process of calculating the cost of thermal energy. In addition, to simplify the steps, you can use one of the online converters offered on the Internet that convert physical quantities one into the other.

Self-calculation of consumed energy in Gigacalories will allow the owner of residential / non-residential premises to control the cost of utilities, as well as the operation of utilities. With the help of simple calculations, it becomes possible to compare the results with similar ones in the received payment receipts and contact the relevant authorities in case of a difference in indicators.

Activist Fyodor Moiseev wrote this publication in our housing and communal services blog at the request of those elders at home, to whom he verbally told how to figure out bills for hot water. We warn you that the opinion of the editors may not coincide with the opinion of the author on the issues that he touches on in his blog posts on the Chelny LTD website.

How to convert gigacalories to cubic meters

To understand payments for hot water, it is useful to be able to convert Gigacalories to cubic meters. Why? Yes, because with the supplier of thermal energy, payments are made for the consumed Gigacalories, and the fee for residents is calculated in rubles per cubic meter of water.

It is necessary to make a reservation that thermal energy, which is measured in Gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. This is known from the course of physics high school. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about converting Gigacalories to cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received.

A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise one cubic centimeter of water 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie is a billion calories. There are 1 million centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

The temperature of hot water flowing from under our tap must be at least 55C (this is for a closed system, and 60C for an open one). For example, if cold water at the entrance to the so-called ITP - an individual heating point has a temperature of 5C, then it will need to be heated by 50C. Heating 1 cubic meter will require 0.05 Gcal, i.e. it turns out that this is 0.055. (Let's keep quiet for now about the heat losses that occur when water moves through pipes, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply, since we are assured that all heating takes place in the basement of the house, which means that heat is not lost during transportation through pipes from the CHP). The average standard for the consumption of thermal energy to obtain a cube of hot water is assumed to be 0.059 Gcal. That is, this should be Qmz or the heat content standard, that is, what is written below in our receipts. Simply put, this is the amount of heat required to heat 1 cubic meter of cold water to a temperature of 60C. Or if we multiply 0.059 by the cost of 1 Gcal 1439 rubles, it turns out that the price of heating 1 cubic meter of cold water is 85 rubles. To this we must add the tariff for cold chemically purified water (now it is 26.44 rubles) and multiply by the coefficient. heat loss on an uninsulated heated towel rail (1 + K), where K = 0.03. That is, the formula is almost obtained from the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 306 as amended by Decree No. 258 and the price for 1 cubic meter of hot water is 115 rubles.

A small note: I was starting from a cold water temperature of -5C, and LFTS uses 6 +1.33 = 7.33C. For your information, in Moscow the average temperature of cold water is 8.90 degrees, in Orel - 9.16, in Tyumen - 8.59, even in Petrozavodsk, where the climate is colder, it is 8.16. That is, everywhere for some reason more than here. And further. We often receive a receipt with a heat content value of 0.09 or 0.101. It turns out that we have heated water to 90C-101C?!

There is a direct line between heat content and hot water temperature. proportional dependence and it is perfectly visible from the heat engineering formula Qm3 = c * p * (Tgvs - Tkhvs) / 1000 (Gcal / mz). Where c is the heat capacity and p is the density of water, which we conditionally equate to 1. We multiply this value of heat content by 1000 and get the approximate value of the temperature of the water from the tap in the apartment. Look at this temperature and ask your management company how is this possible.

But all these calculations are only a classical understanding of how the process occurs. In our case, during the heating season, cold water is heated using a plate heat exchanger in the basement (for some reason we call it a “boiler” and with its help open system heat supply turns into a closed one) occurs due to the energy of the coolant from the heating pipe. That is, all thermal energy is calculated already at the entrance to the house. Behind the minus of it is thermal energy from the return pipeline. The same thing happens with an open heat supply system, when all the heat energy is also calculated by the heat meter at the entrance to the house. That is, the tariff for hot water should be calculated according to formula 1 of Appendix No. 2 from Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 as amended by Decree No. 344: P \u003d V x T. Where T is the tariff for cold chemically purified water (heat carrier), and V is the entire volume of consumed resource, that is, the number of consumed cubes of hot water.

By the way, as it turned out, closed system heat supply, for all its environmental friendliness (clean cold water heats up and goes to the hot water system at home), corrosivity increases and the surface is “eaten up” very quickly metal pipes. Because of what, as one serious specialist told me (I can’t name him, the conversation was private) in the republic on high level there is a debate about lowering the temperature of hot water to 50C. I want to warn you that an open heating system has its own minus. In this case, we use hot chemically purified water from the heating pipe, and it is generally not harmless to health. Therefore, when washing dishes, be sure to rinse with cold water. And you can smile, but in my opinion, in those houses where there is an open heating system, the number of balding men and people with skin problems is much higher than in houses with boilers.

Sincerely, Fedor Moiseev 8 917 263 39 55

P&G Placement Sponsor Related articles "How to convert Gcal to cubic meters" How to calculate water heating How to fill out a form for water How to determine electricity consumption

Instruction

It must be noted that thermal energy, which is measured in gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. This is known from a high school physics course. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about converting gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received. Let's consider a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy, according to the readings of the general house meter, amounted to 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100): 20 - 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. One person has 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal. Converting Gcal to m3, we get hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person. How simple

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Instruction

How to convert gigacalories to cubic meters

When receiving utility bills, it is quite difficult to understand many aspects of the calculations and understand: where did this or that figure come from? One of the clearest examples of such "difficulties in translation" is payment for the supplied heat. If a single heat meter is installed on your house, then you will receive bills for the used Gcal (gigacalories), but the tariff for hot water, as you know, is set for cubic meters. How to deal with the calculation of the cost of heat?

Instruction

Perhaps the greatest difficulty lies precisely in the technical impossibility of converting gigacalories into cubic meters or vice versa. These are completely different physical quantities: one serves to measure thermal energy, the other - volume, and, as the basic course of physics suggests, they are incomparable. The task of the utility consumer ultimately comes down to calculating the ratio of the amount of heat consumed and the volume of hot water consumed.

In order not to get completely confused, it is worth starting with the definition of the calculated values. So, a calorie is understood as the amount of heat that is necessary to heat one cubic centimeter of water by 1 ° C. There are a billion calories in Gcal, a million centimeters in a cubic meter, therefore, to heat one cubic meter of water by 1 ° C, you will need 0.001 Gcal.

Considering that hot water should not be colder than 55°C, and cold water enters at a temperature of 5°C, it is obvious that it will be necessary to heat it by 50°C, that is, spend 0.05 Gcal of thermal energy per cubic meter. In the field of housing and communal services tariffs, there is a slightly higher standard of heat consumption for heating one cubic meter of water - 0.059 Gcal, this is due to heat losses that occur during the transportation of water through the pipeline.

Further, everything is simple, divide the heat consumption according to the readings of the house meter by the number of residents. Thus, get the heat consumption for each tenant, and by dividing the resulting figure by the standard 0.059 - the volume of hot water in cubic meters that must be paid for by each tenant. The only subtlety in this calculation is the need to subtract from it those residents who have consumption meters installed in the apartment.

When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if in apartment building If there is a common building heat meter, then the calculation with the supplier of thermal energy is carried out for the consumed gigacalories (Gcal). At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is usually set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). To understand the payments, it is useful to be able to convert Gcal to cubic meters.

Instruction

By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise one cubic centimeter of water 1 degree Celsius. Gigacalorie used to measure thermal energy in thermal power engineering and public utilities, that's a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, so there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1,000,000 centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

The temperature of hot water flowing from the tap must be at least 55°C. If the cold water at the entrance to the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. Heating 1 cubic meter will require 0.05 Gcal. However, when water moves through pipes, heat losses inevitably occur, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water will actually be about 20% more. The average norm of thermal energy consumption for obtaining a cube of hot water is assumed to be 0.059 Gcal.

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When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if there is a common house heat meter in an apartment building, then the calculation with the heat supplier is carried out for the consumed gigacalories (Gcal). At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is usually set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). To understand the payments, it is useful to be able to convert Gcal to cubic meters.

Instruction

It must be noted that thermal energy, which is measured in gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. This is known from a high school physics course. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about converting gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received.
By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise one cubic centimeter of water 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie, used to measure thermal energy in thermal power engineering and utilities, is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, so there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1,000,000 centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.
The temperature of hot water flowing from the tap must be at least 55°C. If the cold water at the entrance to the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. Heating 1 cubic meter will require 0.05 Gcal. However, when water moves through pipes, heat losses inevitably occur, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water will actually be about 20% more. The average norm of thermal energy consumption for obtaining a cube of hot water is assumed to be 0.059 Gcal.
Let's consider a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy, according to the readings of the general house meter, amounted to 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100): 20 - 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. One person has 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal. Converting Gcal to m3, we get hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often appears. For example, if there is a common house heat meter in an apartment building, then the calculation with the heat energy contractor is carried out for the consumed gigacalories (Gcal). At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is traditionally set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). In order to understand the payments, it is beneficial to be able to translate Gcal into cubic meters.

Instruction

1. It must be noted that thermal energy, which is measured in gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are perfectly different physical quantities. This is known from a high school physics course. Consequently, in fact, we are not talking about converting gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received.

2. By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise one cubic centimeter of water 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie used to measure thermal energy in thermal power and utilities is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, therefore, in one cubic meter - 100 x 100 x 100 \u003d 1,000,000 centimeters. Thus, in order to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, you need a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

3. The temperature of hot water, current from the tap, must be at least 55 ° C. If the cold water at the entrance to the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. It will take 0.05 Gcal to heat 1 cubic meter. However, when water moves through pipes, heat losses inevitably appear, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply will in reality be approximately 20% larger. The average norm of thermal energy consumption for the purchase of a cubic meter of hot water is assumed to be 0.059 Gcal.

4. Let's look at an easy example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy, according to the readings of the general house meter, amounted to 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed used up 30 cubic meters of burning water. They bring 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let them be 100): 20 - 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. 18.23 / 100 = 0.18 Gcal is brought to one person. Converting Gcal to m3, we get the consumption of burning water 0.18 / 0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

Instruction

By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise one cubic centimeter of water 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie, used to measure thermal energy in thermal power engineering and utilities, is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, so there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1,000,000 centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

Let's consider a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy, according to the readings of the general house meter, amounted to 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100): 20 - 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. One person has 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal. Gcal in m3, we get hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

Instruction

How to convert gigacalories to cubic meters

Instruction

Perhaps the greatest difficulty lies precisely in the technical impossibility of converting gigacalories to cubic meters or vice versa. These are completely different physical quantities: one serves to measure thermal energy, the other - volume, and, as the basic course of physics suggests, they are incomparable. The task of the utility consumer ultimately comes down to calculating the ratio of the amount of heat consumed and the volume of hot water consumed.