Remote sensing data provides important information that aids in monitoring various applications such as image fusion, change detection, and land cover classification. Satellite imagery is a key method used to obtain information related to earth resources and the environment.
To popular data satellite imagery one is that they can be easily accessed online through various mapping applications. By simply being able to find the right address, these applications have helped the GIS community in project planning, disaster monitoring in many areas of our lives.
TerraCloud provides access to the database of multi-temporal space images of the resolution you need from Russian satellites in one online window, around the clock and from anywhere in the world. And on convenient terms of order.
The main aspect that affects the accuracy of a ground object is the spatial resolution. Temporal resolution assists in the creation of land cover maps for environmental planning, land use change detection, and transportation planning.
Data integration and analysis of urban areas using medium resolution remote sensing images are mainly focused on documenting human settlements or used to distinguish between residential, commercial and industrial areas.
Providing a basemap for graphical reference and assistance to planners and engineers
The amount of detail that an orthoimaging produces using high-resolution satellite imagery makes a huge difference. Because it provides a detailed view of the selected area along with surrounding areas.
Because maps are location-based, they are specifically designed to convey highly structured data and provide a complete picture of the point on the ground that you are looking for. There are numerous applications of satellite imagery and remote sensing data.
Today, countries use information obtained from satellite imagery for government decision making, civil defense operations, police services, and geographic information systems (GIS) in general. These days, data obtained through satellite imagery became mandatory and all government projects must be submitted based on satellite imagery data.
In the preliminary and feasibility stages of mineral exploration, it is important to be aware of the potential mineral utility of the area to be considered for mining.
In such scenarios, satellite remote sensing mapping and its integration into a GIS platform help geologists easily map mineral potential zones, saving time. With the help of spectral analysis of satellite image bands, a scientist can quickly determine and display mineral availability using special indicators.
This will allow the exploration geologist to narrow down geophysical, geochemical and test drilling operations to areas of high potential.
The result of a natural disaster can be devastating and sometimes difficult to assess. But disaster risk assessment is essential for rescuers. This information must be prepared and executed quickly and with accuracy.
Object-based image classification using change detection (before and after the event) is a fast way to obtain damage assessment data. Other similar applications using satellite imagery in disaster assessments include the measurement of building shadows and digital surface models.
With the growth of the world's population and the need to increase agricultural production, there is a definite need for the proper management of the world's agricultural resources.
For this to happen, first of all, it is necessary to obtain reliable data not only about the types, but also about the quality, quantity and location of these resources. Satellite imagery and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) will always be an important factor in improving existing systems for collecting and mapping agriculture and resource data.
Agricultural mapping and surveys are currently being carried out around the world to collect information and statistics on crops, rangelands, livestock and other related agricultural inputs.
The collected information is necessary for the implementation of effective management decisions. An agricultural survey is necessary for planning and allocating scarce resources among different sectors of the economy.
3D city models are digital models of urban areas that represent terrain surfaces, sites, buildings, vegetation, infrastructure and landscape elements, and related objects belonging to urban areas.
Their components are described and represented by appropriate 2D, 3D spatial and georeferenced data. 3D city models support representation, exploration, analysis, and task management in a wide variety of applications.
3D GIS is a fast and efficient solution for large and remote locations where manual surveying is next to impossible. Various urban and rural planning departments need 3D GIS data such as drainage, sewerage,
water supply, channel design and much more.
And a few words in the end. Satellite images have become a necessity in our time. Their accuracy is beyond question - after all, everything is visible from above. The main thing here is the question of the relevance of the images and the ability to get a picture of exactly that part of the territory - which you really need. Sometimes it helps to solve really important issues.
characteristic feature geo implementation process information technologies now is the integration of already existing systems into more general national, international and global information structures. First of all, let's turn to projects that are not even of the most recent time. In this regard, the experience of developing global information programs and projects within the framework of the International Geospheric-Biospheric Program “Global Changes” (IGBP), which has been implemented since 1990 and has had a great influence on the course of geographic and environmental work of the global, regional and national scales [V. M. Kotlyakov, 1989]. Among the various international and large national geoinformation projects, within the framework of the IGBP, we will only mention the Global Information Resource Database - GRID. It was formed in the structure of the environmental monitoring system (GEMS) created in 1975 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). GEMS consisted of global monitoring systems managed through various UN organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the World Health Organization (WHO), international unions and individual countries involved in one way or another in program. Monitoring networks are organized within five blocks related to climate, human health, ocean environment, long-range traveling pollution, and renewable natural resources . Each of these blocks is characterized in the article [A. M. Trofimov et al., 1990]. Climate-related monitoring provided data on the impact of human activities on the Earth's climate, including two areas related to the operation of the Background Air Pollution Monitoring network and the World Glaciological Inventory. The first concerns the establishment of trends in the atmospheric composition (changes in carbon dioxide, ozone, etc.), as well as trends in the chemical composition of precipitation. The Background Air Pollution Monitoring Station Network (BAPMON) was established by WHO in 1969 and has been supported by UNEP since 1974 as part of GEMS. It includes three types of monitoring stations: basic, regional and regional with an extended program. Data are reported monthly to a clearinghouse located at the Intergovernmental Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Washington, USA). Since 1972, data together with WMO and EPA materials have been published annually. The World Glaciological Inventory is linked to UNESCO and its Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The information they collect is very important, since fluctuations in ice and snow masses give an idea of the course of climatic variability. The monitoring program for long-range transportable pollution is being implemented in conjunction with the work of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and WMO. Data are collected on polluted precipitation (in particular, sulfur oxides and their converted products, which is usually associated with acid rain) in connection with the movement of air masses from pollution sources to individual objects. In 1977, the ECE, in collaboration with UNEP and WHO, formulated a joint program for monitoring and evaluating the long-range transport of airborne pollutants in Europe (the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme). Human health monitoring collects data on global environmental quality, radiation, changes in ultraviolet radiation levels (due to ozone depletion), etc. This GEMS program is largely associated with the activities of the World Health Organization (WHO ). Joint water quality monitoring has been undertaken by UNEP, WHO, UNESCO and WMO. The emphasis of the work here is on the waters of rivers, lakes, as well as groundwater, i.e. those that are the main source of water supply for people, for irrigation, some industries, etc. Monitoring of food contamination within the framework of GEMS has existed since 1976 in cooperation with WHO and FAO. Data on contaminated food products provide information about the nature of the spread of contamination, which, in turn, serves as the basis for management decisions of various ranks. Monitoring of the ocean environment was considered in two aspects: monitoring of the open ocean and regional seas. The activities of the program for monitoring renewable earth resources are based on the preference for monitoring the resources of arid and semi-arid lands, soil degradation, tropical forests. The GRID system itself, organized in 1985, is an information service that provides environmental data to the UN management organizations, as well as other international organizations and governments. The main function of GRID is to bring data together, to synthesize it so that planners can quickly assimilate the material and make it available to national and international organizations that make decisions that may affect the state of the environment. In its full-scale development at the turn of the century, the system is implemented as a global hierarchically organized network, including regional centers and national level nodes, with a wide data exchange. GRID is a dispersed (distributed) system, the nodes of which are connected by telecommunications. The system is divided into two main centers: GRID-Control located in Nairobi (Kenya) and GRID-Processor in Geneva (Switzerland). The Center, located in Nairobi, oversees and manages GRID activities worldwide. GRID-Processor is associated with data acquisition, monitoring, modeling as well as data distribution. From global problems The Geneva Center is currently engaged in the publication of the GEO (Global Environment Outlook) series of publications, the development of strategies and the provision of early warning of various threats, in particular to biodiversity (especially within the framework of the new DEWA Division of Early Warning and Assessment), the application of GIS for sustainable use natural resources, specific research, primarily for French-speaking Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, etc. In addition to the two above-mentioned centers, the system includes 12 more centers located in Brazil, Hungary, Georgia, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia , USA, Thailand, Sweden and Japan. Their work is also carried out on a global scale, but is somewhat regionally specialized. For example, the GRID-Arendal center (Norway) implements a number of programs in the Arctic, such as AMAP - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program, the Baltic Sea region (BALLERINA - GIS projects for large-scale environmental applications), etc. Unfortunately, the activities of the GRID center - Moscow is little known even to specialists. Among the examples of interethnic cooperation in the creation of large databases, the information system of the European Economic Community CORINE (Coordinated Information on the Environment in the European Community) deserves attention. The decision to create it was taken in June 1985 by the Council of the European Community, which set two main goals for it: to assess the potential of community information systems as a source for studying the state of its natural environment and ensuring the environmental strategy of the EU countries in priority areas, including the protection of biotopes, the assessment of atmospheric pollution as a result of local emissions and transboundary transfer, a comprehensive assessment of environmental problems in the Mediterranean region. To date, the project has been completed, but there is information about the possibility of its expansion to the territory of Eastern European countries in the future. Among the national projects, of course, I would like to turn to the examples of Russia, although here it should immediately be recognized that it is not the most advanced position in the world. Thus, in the early 1990s, the possibility of connecting the then USSR to work within the framework of the global natural resource system GRID UNEP was actively explored. Let us point out only one of the initiatives of that time within the framework of the activities of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Russian Federation- a project for the creation of the State Ecological Information System (GEIS), the initial stage of which was developed by the former Goskompriroda of the USSR. It was planned that the GEIS was to consist of long-term databases; databases obtained during sub-satellite experiments and control measurements (apparently, temporary storage); database subset of data required for the conduct of consumers research work, and from the information network that connects the components of the system with the control centers of observation facilities and with the bases of other systems, including international ones. The scope of GEIS, according to the plan of the designers, was divided into the following main categories: 1) environmental control (to determine the state of the environment); 2) environmental monitoring (to analyze changes in the environment); 3) modeling (for causal analysis). GEIS in general terms was supposed to be a computer system in which the main source of information input is detailed databases of geographically oriented data on the state of the environment: images, operational control data, statistical observation data, series of maps (geological, soil, climatic, vegetation, land use , infrastructure, etc.). The joint processing of this information represents a direct path to environmental modeling. The main task of the planned GEIS was the development of database management technology, the integration of environmental data sets that exist in a variety of formats and taken from different sources. The data in the GEIS were supposed to come in the following subject areas: the geosphere (including the earth's shells - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere) and the technosphere; material natural resources (energy, minerals, water, land, forestry, etc.), as well as their use; climate change; state of production technologies; economic indicators in nature management; storage and processing of waste; social and biomedical indicators, etc., naturally providing for the possibility of subsequent synthesis of indicators. In some respects, this program resembled the methodology used in UNEP's GRID system. Among the programs of the federal level, it is worth mentioning the GIS project of the OGV (Government state power), which began to be embodied in real life at the regional level (see below) or be transformed for other needs, for example, the federal target program "Electronic Russia" (2002 - 2010) that began to be implemented. As an example of complex systems, we point to the development of "Sustainable Development of Russia" [V.S. Tikunov, 2002]. A feature of its structure is the close linkage between the socio-political, economic (industrial), natural resource and environmental blocks. In general, they characterize socio-ecosystems of various territorial ranks. For all thematic subjects, it is possible to characterize the hierarchy of their changes - from the global to the local level, taking into account the specifics of the presentation of phenomena at different scales of their display. Here, the principle of hypermedia of the system is implemented, when stories are connected by associative (semantic) links, for example, stories of a lower hierarchical level not only display a thematic story on an appropriate scale, but also, as it were, reveal, expand, and detail it. At the top level of the hierarchy, a section "The place and role of Russia in solving the global problems of mankind" has been created. The world maps of this section are designed to display the reserves, as well as the balance of production and consumption by mankind of the most important types of natural resources; dynamics of population growth; anthropogenic load index; the contribution of Russia and other countries to the planetary ecological situation, etc. Anamorphoses, diagrams, graphs, explanatory text and tables should show the role of Russia in solving modern global problems of mankind. It is useful to compare the regions of Russia and foreign countries when they are considered as a single information array. For these purposes, multidimensional rankings were used based on complexes of comparable indicators, which, according to some integral characteristics, distributes Russian regions from the level of Austria (Moscow) to Nicaragua (Republic of Tuva). One of such examples on the characteristics of public health is shown in Fig. 24 colors incl. Here the characteristics of the public health of the countries of the world and regions of Russia are shown, but similarly, the plots can be continued up to the municipal level. Sections of the federal level form the main core of the system. Along with many original stories, a fairly complete description of all components of the "nature-economy-population" system is given, with an emphasis on the nature of the ongoing changes. The blocks end with integral assessments of socio-demographic stability, sustainability of economic development, sustainability of the natural environment to anthropogenic impacts, and some other generalizing plots, which are expressed quantitatively. As integral characteristics, the index of sustainable economic well-being and the index of human development, as well as the index of environmental sustainability, real progress, "living planet", "ecological footprint", etc. are widely known [Indicators.., 2001]. But even referring to private plots, not to mention complex characteristics, the task is not just to show the actual state, but to emphasize patterns in the development of phenomena, to display them from different angles. As an example, let us point out the characteristics of election campaigns conducted in Russia since 1991. Thus, in addition to traditional plots depicting the winners in election campaigns and the percentage of votes cast for a particular candidate or party, integral indices of territory controllability are shown [V.S. .Tikunov, D.D. Oreshkina, 2000] and the nature of their changes from one election campaign to another (Fig. 2S, color inc.). Another example of a non-traditional approach is the combination of typological and evaluative characteristics, such as assessment of public health, with types of causes of death in the population (Fig. 26, col. inc.). The next hierarchically lower section of the system is the block “Models of transition of Russian regions to sustainable development”. As in other sections of the Atlas, the main content of all branches of this block is aimed at determining the environmental, economic and social components of the sustainable development of territories. Here, by now, one can find examples of the characteristics of the Baikal region, the Irkutsk region, the Irkutsk administrative region and Irkutsk. When characterizing a region, it will be analyzed, on the one hand, as an integral part of a larger formation - the state, on the other - as a self-sufficient (within certain limits) integrity, capable of self-development based on available resources. Based on the created maps, it is planned to develop proposals for the development strategy and innovative activity of the region and its territories. A typology of all regions of Russia has been carried out and typical representatives of different groups (industrial, agricultural, etc.) have been identified. It is planned to create several regional branches of the system, representing different types of territories of the country, in particular for the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Here, attention should be paid to the principle of blocking the system, since individual logical blocks can be modified, replenished or expanded without changing the structure of the entire system. The topics related to sustainable development require mandatory consideration of almost all thematic topics in dynamics, which is implemented in accordance with the principle of evolution and dynamism in the Atlas Information System. Basically, these are the characteristics of phenomena for base time periods or years. For a number of subjects, several thematic animations have been developed for retrospective analysis: “Change in the plowed area and forest cover of Russian regions over the past 300 years”, “Growth of the network of cities in Russia”, “Dynamics of population density in Russia, 1678-2011”, “Development of the metallurgical industry Russia in the XVIII-XX centuries. and "Development of the railway network (growth and electrification), XIX-XX centuries", which constitute the first stage in the preparation of a comprehensive animation "Development of industry and transport" in Russia. The most important application of the system is the development of scenarios for the development of the country and its regions. In this In this case, the principle of multivariance is implemented, when the end user is offered a number of solutions of interest to him, for example, optimistic, pessimistic and other scenarios.And the more complex these scenarios, the more there is an urgent need for system intellectualization, when expert systems and the use of neural networks help in conditions of great complexity often with significant fuzziness of tasks, to obtain acceptable results.Promising is the use of meaningful modeling of complex phenomena within the information system.The basis of such modeling is an integrated systematic approach to modeling socioecosystems.Thus, the user of the system will be able to model some structure, whose board will present options leading, for example, to an increase in the welfare of the people or an increase in their public health as the end result of many transformations, with an assessment of the necessary costs to achieve the result. Modeling tools will be developed, primarily aimed at developing various scenarios for the transition of the country's regions to models of their Sustainable Development. The final stage of the project, associated with the intellectualization of the entire system, will allow the formation of a full-scale decision support system. Finally, it should be noted that the system being formed should also be based on the principle of multimedia (multi-media), which facilitates the decision-making process. The creation of regional geoinformation systems in Russia is largely associated with the implementation of the GIS Program of the OGV (State Authorities) and KTKPR (Comprehensive Territorial Cadastre of Natural Resources). The development of the main provisions for the GIS OGV program was entrusted to the State Center "Priroda" - an enterprise of the Federal Service for Geodesy and Cartography (Roskartography). In a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regional information and analytical centers have been created and are functioning, equipped with modern computer technologies, including GIS technologies. Among the regions in which the most significant results in the creation of GIS OGV are the Perm and Irkutsk regions. In 1995-1996 Significant work has been done to create a GIS for the Novosibirsk region. The most developed project in the field of regional GIS for the OGV is undoubtedly being implemented at present in the Perm region. "The concept of this system provides for the use of geoinformation technologies in the structural subdivisions of the regional administration and in the structural subdivisions of the state authorities of the Russian Federation operating in the Perm region. At the development stage, the concept was considered by the Federal Service for Geodesy and Cartography of Russia, as well as the State GIS Center and the State Center " Nature". An agreement was concluded between the administration of the Perm Region and the Federal Service of Geodesy and Cartography of Russia on the formation of a geoinformation system of the Perm Region, which provides for the creation and updating of topographic maps of scales 1:1000,000 and 1:200,000 for the territory of the region. In the concept of the geoinformation system, Keywords: main directions of GIS development, composition of GIS users, requirements for databases, legal and regulatory issues, GIS developers, development stages, priority projects, sources of funding. correspond to the directions of the administrative activity of the authorities of the region: socio-economic development; economics and finance; ecology, resources and nature management; transport and communications; public utilities and construction; Agriculture; . health care, education and culture; public order, defense and security; socio-political development. Naturally, a large place in the development of the regional system is the provision of the project with a digital cartographic basis. The concept provides for the use of maps: a survey topographic map at a scale of 1:1000,000 for the territory of the Perm Region and adjacent territories; topographic map at a scale of 1:200,000 for the territory of the region; geological map at a scale of 1:200,000; topographic maps for agricultural and forest areas, navigable rivers on a scale of 1:100,000, 1:50,000, 1:25,000, 1:10,000; for solving engineering problems and problems of urban economy maps and plans of scales 1:5000, 1:2000, 1:500. For maps, the coordinate system of 1942 is adopted. Maps made in the coordinate system of 1963 or in the local coordinate system, when included in the GIS of the region, are reduced to a single coordinate system. For digital topographic maps, the UNI_VGM classifier of Roskarto1rafiya is used, which provides the ability to work with conventional sign systems from a scale of 1:500 to a scale of 1:1,000,000 (all-scale classifier). The spectrum of applied software quite wide: the LARIS project is carried out using the software of the company Intergraph Sogr., the land committee up to the district level uses the MicroStation GIS, part of the work is carried out in MapInfo Professional, organizations of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation use ArcInfo, ArcView, ArcGIS, geological maps are created in GIS "PARK". Decisions on the choice of software were determined by the availability of established tasks in various departmental GIS and adopted industry decisions. The digital map formats used were determined by the GIS software used. However, it is indicated that it is necessary to have converters that convert digital maps from one format to another in order to ensure the transfer of information to various GIS packages. In November 1998, digital maps of the Perm Region at scales of 1:1000,000 and 1:200,000 were transferred from the State GIS Center (Roskartografiya) to the region. The main format of the received maps is F20V. The maps were converted to the E00 format used in GIS by ESRI Inc. The information saturation of the maps created by Roscartography did not suit the developers of the regional GIS. At the first stage, the developers of the system paid great attention to its improvement, filling the semantics of maps and the territorial binding of existing and newly created thematic databases. When creating a GIS, several pilot projects were carried out: the creation of an integrated GIS for the village and resort "Ust-Kachka" to work out integrated solutions in a small area, using the GIS "Ust-Kachka" as an example, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of GIS to insufficiently trained managers; creation of a flood model for the cities of Perm and Kungur. To create a flood model, a matrix of heights of the potential flood zone was built, calculations were made to model the flood level; development of environmental control of GIS pilot projects for the city of Berezniki and adjacent territories. The main results of the program implementation are presented by the authors of the concept V.L. Chebykin, Yu.B. Shcherbinin in the form of the following subsystems (components): "GIS-geology". It is created for a real geological and economic assessment of the resource potential of the Perm region, the development of solutions for the efficient use of resources. Includes a geodata bank on mineral deposits, the location of mining and consuming enterprises, the size of reserves, the dynamics of production and consumption; "GIS of the land cadastre". Provides conditions for the objective collection of taxes on land and compliance with regulations on ownership, use, change of ownership. Includes a geodata bank on the boundaries of land plots in the context of land ownership rights and a register of owners; "GIS-roads". Allows you to determine and effectively use the technical and economic conditions for the operation and development of the transport road network. Based on the geodata bank of the roads of the Perm region, the quality of coverage, technical condition road, technical specifications bridges, driveways, crossings, ferry and ice crossings, road signs. Includes economic databases on the use of roads for freight and passenger traffic, the cost of maintaining roads, as well as the register of ownership and boundaries of responsibility; Railway GIS. Allows you to determine and effectively use the technical and economic conditions for the operation and development of the transport railway network. Includes a geodatabank of railways Perm region, railway bridges and crossings, railway stations, sites, structures, as well as economic databases on the use of roads for freight and passenger traffic, the cost of maintaining roads; "GIS of river economy". Provides information on the calculations of dredger work to deepen the river bed and calculations on the efficiency and development of navigation. Information support - geoinformation about the topography of the bottom of navigable rivers and databases about river cargo and passenger routes; . "GIS floods". Provides the process of modeling river floods and performing calculations of flood control measures, flood losses, provides the necessary information for the work of flood control commissions. Information base - geodata on the relief of river banks; "GIS of hydraulic structures". Serves for modeling the consequences of technogenic impacts on water bodies of the population and enterprises. Geodata bank - information on dams, sluices, water intakes, treatment facilities and liquid waste effluents from industrial enterprises, information bases of technical and economic data on hydraulic structures; "GIS of water management". Created for an objective assessment and planning of the use of water resources in the region. The geodata bank contains information on rivers, reservoirs, lakes, swamps, water protection zones and coastal protection belts, as well as information on the extent, area, stocks and quality of water resources, characteristics of fish stocks, property register and boundaries of responsibility; "GIS of forestry". It is necessary for an objective assessment and planning of the use of forest resources in the region. This activity is based on information about forest areas, forest species and age, its economic assessment, the volume of felling, processing, sale of wood, the location of logging and processing enterprises, property rights and limits of responsibility; "GIS Cadastre of Natural Resources". Combines the information of the components "GIS-geology", "GIS of forestry", "GIS of water management", as well as fisheries, wildlife sanctuaries, hunting, etc., links the geobases of these components, creates an information base for a comprehensive assessment of the natural resources of the Perm region; "GIS-ecology". It is created with the aim of developing measures to improve the environmental situation, determining the reasonable amounts necessary for the implementation of these measures; "GIS of specially protected natural areas". Geodata bank on specially protected natural areas of the region; Ecopathology GIS. A geodata bank on the impact of the environmental situation on the state of health and mortality of the population, which allows an objective assessment of the living conditions of the population in the region; "GIS of oil and gas pipelines". It is used for modeling and assessing the consequences of emergency situations, conducting economic calculations. The geodata bank contains information about oil and gas pipelines, pumping stations and other engineering structures in the region, a register of owners, property rights and limits of responsibility, a geodata bank on the relief of adjacent territories, information bases of technical and economic characteristics; GIS control and modeling of natural and man-made manifestations of catastrophic deformations of the earth's surface of the Perm region based on the results of monitoring, including space monitoring; "GIS population". Geodatabases on the distribution of the population, allowing you to analyze the territory by sex and age composition, military age, employment, socially protected groups, population migration, necessary to substantiate social programs, as well as information support for election campaigns (formation of constituencies and analysis of the electorate); "GIS ATC". It is subdivided into components: "GIS of fire protection"; "GIS traffic police"; "GIS for the protection of public order"; "GIS ES". Bases are being created: potentially dangerous objects, tactical and technical characteristics of these objects, forces and means of civil defense and attracted forces and means of the regional subsystem of emergency situations, tactical and technical characteristics of forces and means; a geodatabase of the location of evacuation zones and routes for enterprises and the population of the region, information bases of tactical and technical characteristics of zones and evacuation routes; "GIS of disaster medicine". Creates, in particular, a geobase of location and information bases of the state of medical institutions; "GIS for ensuring the safety of life of the population". Geobase of observation posts for potentially hazardous objects, geobases of relief and other terrain characteristics on the scale necessary to solve the problems of modeling emergency situations at observation sites and adjacent territories, information bases of tactical and technical data for organizing work and recording the results of work of observation posts; "GIS of social and economic development of the region". It is necessary for the analysis of the activities of local governments, its comparison with similar activities in adjacent territories, both at the current moment and in dynamics by periods of information collection by state statistical authorities. In addition, this component is used to develop measures for the management of territories. The GIS geobase of the socio-economic development of the region contains information about the administrative division of the region, about the passports of the territories, the database of the Perm Regional Committee of State Statistics on indicators of the state of socio-economic development and the main department of the economy of the regional administration on indicators of the forecast of socio-economic development. As a result of the implementation of the program, legal, economic, organizational and technical measures should be developed and implemented to fulfill the tasks of creating a GIS OGV, databases of digital maps of the Perm region of various scales should be formed to display the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the region. The regional management structures will be provided with real spatio-temporal information about the infrastructure and social development of the region, which will make it possible to form a mechanism for managing the region's economy on a geo-information basis. The developed concept of a geographic information system and the program for creating a GIS are based on the significant experience of enterprises and organizations of the Perm region in this field of activity. Various projects are being carried out in the Committee of the Land Cadastre of the Perm Region, the Perm State Geological Survey Enterprise "Geokarta", the Committee of Natural Resources of the Perm Region, the Research Clinical Institute of Pediatric Ecopathology and other organizations. Under the leadership of the Committee of the Land Cadastre of the Perm Region, work is underway to carry out cadastral surveys, the production of planning and cartographic materials, an inventory of land, and registration of land owners. The customer of the State Automated Land Cadastre System in the Perm Region (GAS ZK) is the Regional Committee for Land Cadastre. Special working groups for the operational management of the implementation of the LARIS project have been created in the regional and city district committees. At the unitary state enterprise "Ural Design and Survey Enterprise of Land Cadastral Surveys" ("Uralzemkadastrsemka"), a specialized production based on digital cadastral technologies has been created. GIS by Intergraph Co., as well as MicroStation, MapInfo Professional are used. The Perm State Geological Survey Enterprise "Geokarta" performs work under the state geological mapping program. Each batch of the enterprise is assigned duty on one or two nomenclature sheets of the map of the Perm region at a scale of 1: 200,000, the results of the work are drawn up in graphic and digital form. The enterprise uses the GIS "Geomap", which provides the technology for creating digital maps, as well as ArcInfo, ArcView, PARK 6.0. The following geological documents were created in digital form: Geological map of pre-Quaternary formations based on additional study and preparation of the state geological map at a scale of 1:200,000. Geological map of Quaternary deposits. Scheme of geomorphological zoning. Map of productive oil and gas bearing structures. Scheme of administrative division with transport routes and main communications. The map of pre-Quaternary formations is supplemented with historical information: on copper, iron, chromites, bauxites, manganese, titanium, lead, strontium, gold; ’ for building materials (gabbro-diabases, limestones, dolomites, marbles, sandstones), quartz, fluorite, Volkonsko-ite; oil, gas, coal, potassium salts, drinking water. The map of Quaternary deposits reflects the area distribution of objects containing: gold, platinum, diamonds; agro-ore (peat, calcareous tuff, marl), clays, sand and gravel mixtures, sands, etc. In pursuance of the order of the Governor of the Perm Region dated November 9, 1995 No. Committee for Environmental Protection), work is underway to create a Unified Territorial System of Environmental Monitoring (ETSEM) of the region. ETSEM is created for the purpose of information support for making managerial decisions in the field of environmental protection to ensure the environmentally safe sustainable development of the territory and is an integral part of the information and geographic information system of the Perm Region. Work on the creation and maintenance of the GIS of health care was carried out by the Research Clinical Institute of Pediatric Ecopathology (NIKI DEP). At the regional level, the use of GIS has been developed to solve the problems of information support for the health management system of the region: identifying territories with unfavorable trends in medical-demographic and medical-environmental indicators; substantiation of regional investments in territorial health care based on geoinformation analysis of medical and demographic indicators (both individual and complex); analysis of the sufficiency of medical services to the population by territories and assessment of the severity of the problems of individual territories; substantiation and placement of a network of inter-district centers for the provision of specialized medical care, etc. Work has been carried out to link spatial information and databases on medical care for the population, medical and demographic, sanitary and environmental indicators on a single map-scheme of the Perm region. Information was collected on more than 260 indicators. The system uses small-scale vector maps (1:1000000). The software allows you to play a number of scenarios and select options for the optimal use of the bed fund and the laboratory and diagnostic base of medical institutions. To solve medical and environmental problems with the use of GIS, priority areas were identified according to a set of risk factors for public health and individual environmental indicators, spatial reference of long-term databases on sources of harmful effects on environment. An ecological project was implemented as part of the municipal GIS of Perm, which is a component of the regional GIS. Based on the vector map 1:25,000, layers were created: the incidence of the population in the districts of the city of Perm, the coverage area of medical institutions. The system allows you to track the dynamics of morbidity over the past 6 years using 68 indicators. As part of the project, layers were formed that reflect various aspects of the state of the environment (zones of soil contamination with heavy metals, harmful substances in the atmospheric air based on the results of field observations, stationary sources of emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air with detailed characteristics of each source, land allotments of industrial enterprises with information about the enterprise as a source of environmental pollution, the content of harmful impurities in the biological environment of the child population, etc.). Layers with a rich attribute base are used in analytical tasks. The created system provides an outlet for solving the problems of forming an optimal network for placing atmospheric air quality control posts according to the criteria of public health, developing programs for medical and environmental rehabilitation of children, etc. The ecological project of the municipal GIS was created on the basis of ArcView. GIS is used in combination with modeling and analytical programs, which makes it possible to obtain comprehensive assessments of various territorial levels. In 1994-1997 NIKI DEP released a medical and environmental atlas of the Perm region. In 1998, NIKI DEP, together with the regional center for new information technologies of the Perm State Technical University and the department of education and science of the regional administration, published an atlas of the social and educational sphere of the Perm region (a pilot project within the framework of the interuniversity scientific and technical program "Development of scientific foundations for the creation of geographic information systems" ). By the decision of the Legislative Assembly dated 06.04.98 No. 78, a comprehensive territorial program "Life safety and organization of monitoring systems for forecasting natural and natural-technogenic emergencies in the Perm Region for 1998-2000" was adopted and implemented, which provides for: Development and improvement of the geographical information system warning and action in emergency situations (GIS ES); 2. Creation of a subsystem of actions in conditions of emergency situations as part of the geoinformation system of the ATC of the Perm Region. The geoinformation system for emergency situations is created on the basis of research developments of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm). Development " technical requirements to digital topographic maps of scales 1:1000,000 and 1:200,000 for the territory of the Perm region”, “Methods for checking the quality of digital topographic maps of scales 1:1000,000 and 1:200,000 for the territory of the Perm region”, work on quality control and acceptance of the indicated digital carts were made by the Perm State Unitary Enterprise "Special Research Bureau "Elbrus" (SNIB "Elbrus"). SNIB "Elbrus" is the holder of digital topographic maps of the indicated scales and performs work on the implementation of maps in accordance with the "Temporary Regulations on the Procedure for Using Digital Electronic Maps of the Perm Region at Scales of 1:1000,000 and 1:200,000". SNIB "Elbrus" uses several GIS software tools: INTELKART, INTELVEK, Panorama, GIS RSChS, Maplnfo Professional, ArcView, Arclnfo, etc. SUE SNIB "Elbrus" maintains a single classifier of cartographic information for the entire scale range of GIS OGV of the Perm region, developed a system of converters to ensure the compatibility of the use of maps in various GIS software tools. The Geographical Faculty of the Perm State University is developing the GIS “Protected Natural Territories of the Perm Region”; work is underway to create thematic physical-geographical, socio-economic and ecological-geographical layers (hydrography, orography, geomorphology, soils, vegetation, climate, settlements, transport network, industry, agriculture, industrial and social infrastructure, etc.). Own systems are being developed for the Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan regions, Primorsky Territory, etc. There are quite numerous examples of GIS implementation at the local level. Within the framework of the Ubsu-Nur program, a geoinformation system was created to characterize the stock and age dynamics of the forest stand in the forests of the Ubsu-Nur depression; GIS-Satino and others were developed to comprehensively characterize the place for summer training practices of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. The latter system is essentially complex digital model of the territory of the Satino training ground (Borovsky district, Kaluga region) (Yu.F. Knizhnikov, I.K. Lurie, 2002]. The main base layers are photoplans and topographic maps of the territory at scales of 1:5000 and 1:10000 Data from student field studies are widely used, and geographic information funds are being collected as systematic sets of data on the properties and relationships of geographic objects and processes on the territory. To study the dynamic states of the natural geosystem, various temporal and scale levels are used - long-term (multi-temporal maps, aerial and space images, materials of long-term field surveys of the territory of the polygon), as well as seasonal (mainly aerial photographs and special landscape-phenological studies). A decoding and navigation complex for automated field research is being developed. You can also give examples of systems created to control the environmental situation within a single chemical plant, etc. Of the projects implemented or currently being implemented, we also point out numerous examples of industry-specific applications of GIS technologies to various subject areas - geology, land cadastre, forestry industry, ecology, municipal administration, operation of engineering communications, activities of law enforcement agencies. They are discussed in detail in [E. G. Kapralov, A. V. Koshkarev, V. S. Tikunov et al., 2004]. Checklist What is the role of the GRID Global Information Resource Database? What is the main feature of the GRID system? Were the Russian projects consistent with international methods? Is such an agreement appropriate? Describe the features of the planned State eco-information system; Is it expedient to implement this project in modern conditions? List the main features of the "Sustainable Development of Russia" system. Evaluate the optimality of the system created for the Perm region. Is it advisable to create local systems? Plan a possible GIS project for your area.09/20/2018, Thu, 10:51, Msk , Text: Igor Korolev
The Digital Economy program involves a whole range of measures to ensure the availability of spatial data and Earth remote sensing data with a total cost of ₽34.9 billion. It is planned to create portals for both types of data, build a federal network of geodetic stations and monitor the efficiency of federal budget spending from space.Howdevelopspatialdataanddataremote sensing
The "Information Infrastructure" section of the "Digital Economy" program involves the creation of domestic digital platforms for the collection, processing and dissemination of spatial data and Earth remote sensing (ERS) data from space, meeting the needs of citizens, business and government. According to CNews estimates, the cost of relevant activities will amount to ₽34.9 billion, most of this amount will be taken from the federal budget.
First of all, it is planned to develop a glossary of terms in the field of working with spatial data and remote sensing data from space. In the same areas, including the products and services created on their basis, tasks should be set and requirements should be formulated for researching the needs of the digital economy in domestic services and technologies for collecting, processing, disseminating and analyzing.
The Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, Roskosmos, Rosreestr, Rostelecom, Moscow State University will take up the relevant work. M.V. Lomonosov and the Aeronet working group of the National Technology Initiative (NTI). For these purposes, ₽88 million will be spent, of which ₽65 million will be allocated by the federal budget. Note that, according to Russian legislation, remote sensing data do not apply to spatial data.
In parallel, for spatial data and remote sensing data from space, an architecture and a roadmap for creating an infrastructure for collection, storage, processing and distribution will be developed. The infrastructure will operate on the basis of an interdepartmental unified territorially distributed information system (ETRIS remote sensing).
This will be done by Roskosmos, Rostelecom and the Ministry of Economic Development. The cost of the event will be ₽85 million, of which ₽65 million will be allocated by the federal budget.
Certificationdataremote sensing
The use of certified Earth remote sensing data should be regulated. Amendments will be made to federal legislation in order to secure the status of the federal remote sensing fund.
A roadmap will also be developed for the creation of appropriate regulatory and legal support. Normative requirements will be approved for the provision and procedure for the provision in electronic form of spatial data and materials and remote sensing data contained in the relevant federal fund.
The regulatory acts will fix the creation of a certification system for remote sensing data from space and algorithms for their processing in order to obtain legally significant data, as well as the procedure for using certified remote sensing data from space and data obtained by other methods of remote sensing of the Earth in economic circulation. Roscosmos, Rostelecom, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, the Ministry of Economic Development and NTI Aeronet will be involved in these activities.
Federalportalspatialdata
Further, methods will be provided for the provision in electronic form of spatial data and materials contained in the Federal Spatial Data Fund, as well as remote sensing data contained in the relevant Federal Fund.
For this purpose, the state information system Federal Spatial Data Portal (GIS FPPD) will be developed to provide access to information contained in the federal spatial data fund.
First, the concept of the corresponding system will be created. Then, by April 2019, it will be put into trial operation, and by the end of 2019 it will be put into commercial operation. The development, launch and modernization of the GIS FPPD will cost the federal budget ₽625 million.
The subsystem "Digital Platform for Interdepartmental Geoformational Interaction" will be created at the GIS FPPD. Its launch into trial operation will take place in November 2019, which will cost the federal budget another ₽50 million.
Plans will be developed for connecting this subsystem to the federal fund of remote sensing data, funds of spatial data and materials of state authorities in order to provide electronically the materials at their disposal. The relevant measures will be taken by the Ministry of Economic Development, Rosreestr and Roskosmos.
Organsstate authoritieswill sharespatialdataanddataremote sensing
It is also planned to provide the possibility of providing in automatic mode using the coordinates of the established list of information at the disposal of state authorities and local self-government.
First, an assessment will be made of the economic effects that can be obtained by revising the requirements for the parameters of disclosure of spatial data and remote sensing data that are at the disposal of state authorities. Then, changes will be made to the list of information (as well as their details and formats) to be provided in an automated mode using coordinates, along with a list of authorities that own such information.
By the end of 2019, an automated cartographic service will be developed and put into operation, providing thematic information at the disposal of state authorities using coordinates. The relevant work will be carried out by the Ministry of Economic Development, Roscosmos, Rosreestr, the Federal Security Service and the Ministry of Defense, and the federal budget will allocate ₽250 million for their implementation.
In addition, the possibility of automated processing, recognition, validation and use of spatial data will be provided. To do this, functional requirements will be developed for the above-mentioned tools, including systems for automated generalization of images of spatial objects, as well as for monitoring tools for terrain changes.
The goal is to ensure compliance with the frequency requirements for updating spatial data resources. Trial operation of the corresponding means should begin in September 2019, industrial operation - until the end of 2020.
An infrastructure of experimental sites should also be created for testing robotic systems used to collect and process spatial data. The designated activities will be taken up by the Ministry of Economic Development, Rosreestr and NTI Aeronet.
PatrioticgeoinformationONforbodiesstate authorities
Another direction of the document is to ensure the development and use of domestic geoinformation technologies in state authorities and local government, as well as state-owned companies. Requirements for the relevant software will be developed and published on the Internet.
Then a list of software tools that meet the established requirements will be formed, taking into account the Unified Register of Russian Software. A study of promising technologies and management models using geoinformation technologies and domestic remote sensing data in state authorities will also be carried out and methodological recommendations will be developed for the transition to domestic software in these areas.
In addition, monitoring and analysis of the use of geographic information systems software in the information systems of state authorities and state companies will be carried out. After that, action plans will be developed for federal and regional authorities, local governments and state-owned companies aimed at ensuring the use of domestic software in this area. The Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, Roscosmos and Rostelecom will take care of these events.
4,8 billionon thefederalnetgeodeticstations
The action plan involves the creation of a unified geodetic infrastructure necessary for setting, refining and disseminating state and local coordinate systems. Relevant activities will be carried out by the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Defense, Rosreestr, Rosstandart, the Federal Agency for Scientific Research, Roskosmos, the state-owned enterprise Center for Geodesy, Cartography and SDI and JSC Roskartografiya.
To this end, research work will first be carried out to clarify the parameters of the figure and the gravitational field, the geodetic parameters of the Earth, and other parameters necessary to clarify the state coordinate systems, the state height system, the state gravimetric system and justify the development of the geodetic network.
State registration and safety of the points of the state geodetic network (GTS), the state leveling network, the state gravimetric network will also be ensured. A system for monitoring the characteristics of the GTS points, state leveling and gravimetric networks will be organized, and the development of a domestic network of colocated geodetic observation stations will be ensured. For these purposes, the federal budget will allocate in 2018-20. ₽3.18 billion
Next, a service will be created that provides the definition of crustal movements caused by natural and anthropogenic geodynamic processes, as well as a service for determining and refining the parameters of the exact orbits of navigation spacecraft and spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth.
At the next stage, a federal network of geodetic stations will be created to improve the accuracy of determining coordinates, as well as a center for integrating networks of geodetic stations and processing the information received. First, the concept of the corresponding network will be developed, including the services and the geography of their use, technical and economic indicators of the creation and operation of the network.
By August 2019, "pilot zones" of the federal network of geodetic base stations will be created and put into operation in at least three regions. Also, a center for integration of networks of geodetic stations will be put into trial operation. Taking into account the experience of the “pilot zones”, the terms of reference for the future network will be created.
The network itself will start operating by the end of 2020. ₽1.65 billion will be spent on its creation and launch. At the same time, ₽1.35 billion will be taken from the federal budget, the remaining ₽200 million from extrabudgetary sources. The total cost of creating and maintaining geodetic infrastructure will amount to ₽4.83 billion.
19 billionon theUnitedelectroniccartographicbasis
Another project laid down in the document is the creation of the Unified Electronic Cartographic Basis (EECS) and the state system for maintaining the EECS. First, a concept, terms of reference, draft design of the GIS EEKO will be created. The launch of the system in trial operation should take place in April 2019, in industrial operation - before the end of 2019.
Further, the creation of the basis of the GIS EEKO will be carried out, including on the basis of open digital topographic maps and plans placed in the federal fund of spatial data, and the creation of a basic high-precision (scale 1: 2000) layer of spatial data of territories with a high population density in the interests of accumulating the GIS EEKO .
The target composition and structure of EECS data and services, methods and algorithms for using the cartographic base and spatial data in the interests of various consumer groups and a list of possibilities for using distributed registry technologies (blockchain) should be developed.
It is also planned to create a promising GIS EEKO model for use by various categories of consumers, including automated and robotic systems. Rosreestr, the Ministry of Economic Development and NTI Aeronet will take up the relevant measures. Activities related to the GIS EEKO will cost the federal budget ₽19.32 billion.
FederalportaldataremotesoundingEarth
The document provides for the provision of electronic data of remote sensing of the Earth and materials contained in the federal remote sensing fund. To this end, the information technology mechanisms (as part of the Roscosmos information systems) of the system for providing access to data from Russian Earth remote sensing spacecraft and the geoportal of the state corporation Roscosmos will be upgraded.
The concept, terms of reference and draft design of the state information system Federal Data Portal for Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space (GIS FPDS) will be developed, which provides access to information contained in the federal fund of remote sensing data from space.
The GIS FPDDZ will be put into trial operation by the end of 2019, and into commercial operation by the end of 2020. Roscosmos will be involved in the project. The federal budget will allocate ₽315 million for the relevant purposes.
Unitedseamlesscontinuousmultilayercoatingdataremote sensing
A single seamless continuous multilayer coverage of remote sensing data from space of various spatial resolutions will also be created. Roskosmos, Rosreestr and the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade will be involved in the relevant activities, they will cost the federal budget ₽6.44 billion.
To this end, a suitable high-resolution coverage concept (2-3 meters) will first be prepared. By the end of 2018, a technological set of continuous high-precision seamless coating of high spatial resolution (SBP-V) will be created based on remote sensing data from Russian spacecraft with an accuracy of no worse than 5 meters. In particular, the determination of additional reference points as a result of field work and measurements from satellite images will be used.
In 2018, SBP-V will be deployed on the territories of priority areas with a total area of 2.7 million kV km. In 2019, the SBP-V will be deployed on the territory of the second stage districts with a total area of 2.9 million square kilometers. In 2020, SBP-V will be deployed on the territory of other regions, including regions with a high population density, with a total area of 11.4 million square kilometers.
At the same time, a set of continuous multi-scale coverage of mass-use coverage (SBP-M) will be created with multispectral survey data from Russian remote sensing satellites with high resolution accuracy no worse than 15 m.
In 2018, the SBP-M will be deployed on the territory of priority areas with a total area of 2.7 million kV km. In 2019 - in the territory of the districts of the second stage with a total area of 2.9 sq. km. In 2020, SBP-M will be deployed in other territories with a total area of 11.4 million kV km.
In 2020, the Uniform Seamless Seamless Multilayer Earth Remote Sensing Data Coverage (UESVR) will be created on the basis of the Complete High-precision Seamless Seamless Coverage of High Spatial Resolution and the Complete Multiscale Mass Use Coverage Set. The state information system (GIS) of the EBSPVR will also be put into trial operation.
As a result, an information base should be obtained that ensures the stability and competitiveness of the measurement characteristics of domestic remote sensing data from space and products based on them. Also, a technology and a basic information base will be created for the formation of a wide range of applied client-oriented services and services based on remote sensing technologies and information support of third-party information systems.
ONforautomaticprocessingdataremotesoundingEarth
It is planned to provide the possibility of automated processing, recognition, confirmation and use of remote sensing data from space. To this end, experimental research will first be carried out, technologies and software will be developed for automatic streaming and distributed processing of remote sensing data from space with the creation of standardization elements for output information products.
Appropriate tools and unified software will be put into trial operation by May 2020. Commissioning will take place before the end of 2020. Roscosmos, the Ministry of Economic Development and Rosreestr will be involved in the project, federal budget expenditures will amount to ₽975 million.
Future unified hardware and software for primary processing of remote sensing data from space with elements of standardization of information resources will be put into operation on the basis of geographically distributed cloud computing resources of the ground-based space remote sensing infrastructure.
In 2018, a concept, nomenclature and technologies for creating specialized industry services based on remote sensing data will be developed for the purpose of information support for the following industries: subsoil use, forestry, water management, agriculture, transport, construction and others.
Samples of unified complexes for distributed processing and storage of information will be designed to solve the problems of the operator of Russian space remote sensing systems from space with the maximum level of automation and standardization of processing, automatic quality control, cost-effectiveness in maintenance and operation. The level of unification of special software will be up to 80%.
It will also ensure the introduction of technologies for automatic streaming formation of standard and basic information products of remote sensing at the request of users through the subsystem for providing access to consumers and issuance within up to 1.5 hours after receiving target information from remote sensing satellites.
In addition, polygon tools for monitoring the spectro-radiometric and coordinate-measuring characteristics of remote sensing satellites and verifying information products of remote sensing from space will be modernized, as well as instrumental and methodological support for a center for certification of remote sensing data from space will be created.
Roscosmos will create a geographically distributed computing resource for streaming remote sensing data processing
Another direction of the plan for implementing the measures of the Digital Economy program under the Information Infrastructure section is to ensure the development and use of domestic technologies for processing (including thematic) remote sensing data in state authorities and local governments, as well as state-owned companies.
As part of the implementation of this idea, the creation and modernization of a geographically distributed computing resource for streaming processing of remote sensing data from space as part of data processing centers and computing clusters of ground-based complexes for receiving, processing and distributing remote sensing data will be carried out. The project will be handled by Roskosmos.
In 2019, relevant events will be held in the European zone of Russia, in 2020 - in the Far East zone. For these purposes, the federal budget will allocate ₽690 million.
Controlexpensesfederalbudgetwill checkfromspace
In parallel, the development and modernization of hardware and software solutions and applied client-oriented services for agriculture and forestry based on remote sensing technologies from space will take place, this will cost the federal budget ₽180 million.
Also in 2018, a concept, nomenclature and technologies for creating specialized industry services based on remote sensing data will be developed for the purpose of information support for the following industries: subsoil use, forestry, water management, agriculture, transport, construction and others. Together with Roskosmos, these tasks will be solved by the Ministry of Economic Development.
In 2019, other industries will be selected to develop similar services and solutions. In 2020, service solutions will be tested in pilot zones with subsequent commissioning, the corresponding measures will cost the federal budget ₽460 million.
In 2018, a satellite imagery control service for the targeted and efficient use of federal budget funds and budgets of state non-budgetary funds aimed at financing all types of construction will be designed and created. This will be done by Roskosmos and the Accounts Chamber, the federal budget will allocate ₽125 million for this project.
Similarly, a service will be created for monitoring the use of federal budget funds for the financing of infrastructure projects and special economic zones. The corresponding resource will be designed and put into trial operation by the end of 2018, and its commercial operation will begin in June 2019. The cost of the project for the federal budget will be ₽125 million.
Also, a service will be created for monitoring the use of satellite images of the federal budget funds aimed at preventing and eliminating emergency situations and the consequences of natural disasters (fires, floods, etc.), as well as eliminating the consequences of pollution and other negative impacts on the environment. The federal budget will spend ₽170 million on this project.
A service will be created to determine the effectiveness and compliance with regulatory legal acts of the procedure for financing, managing and disposing of federal and other resources: forest, water, mineral, etc. The federal budget will spend ₽155 million on this.
A similar service will be created to ensure control of economic activity in order to identify violations of land legislation, establish facts of land use for other purposes and determine economic damage. The project will cost the federal budget ₽125 million.
Another planned service will provide an assessment of the prospects for involvement in various types of economic activity (agriculture, construction, recreation, etc.). The cost of the project for the federal budget will be ₽145 million.
A service will also be created to identify changes taking place on the territory of Russian regions using satellite images in order to determine the pace of their development, make decisions on planning and optimizing budget funds. The federal budget will allocate ₽160 million for this project.
N. B. Yaldygina
Recent years have been marked by the rapid development and spread of Earth remote sensing (ERS) and geoinformation technologies. Satellite images are actively used as a source of information for solving problems in various fields of activity: cartography, municipal administration, forestry and agriculture, water management, inventory and monitoring of the condition of infrastructure facilities for the production and transportation of oil and gas, environmental assessment, search and forecasting of deposits minerals, etc. Geographic information systems (GIS) and geoportals are used to analyze data for the purpose of making managerial decisions.
As a result, for many higher educational institutions, the task of actively introducing remote sensing and GIS technologies into the educational process and scientific activities has become very urgent. Previously, the use of these technologies was required, first of all, by universities that train specialists in the field of photogrammetry and GIS. However, gradually, as remote sensing and GIS technologies are integrated with various applied fields of activity, their study has become necessary for a much wider range of specialists. Universities providing training in specialties related to forestry and agriculture, ecology, construction, etc., it is now also required to train students in the basics of remote sensing and GIS, so that future graduates are familiar with advanced methods for solving applied problems within their specialty.
At the initial stage educational institution planning to train students in remote sensing and GIS, it is necessary to solve a number of problems:
- Purchase specialized software and hardware.
- Acquire a set of remote sensing data to be used for training and scientific work.
- Conduct retraining of teachers on remote sensing and GIS issues.
- To develop technologies that will allow solving applied problems corresponding to the specialization of the university / department, using remote sensing data.
Without a thoughtful and systematic approach, the solution of these problems may require significant time and material costs from the university. The simplest and most effective way to overcome difficulties is to interact with companies that supply all the necessary software and hardware for the implementation of remote sensing and GIS technologies, which have experience in implementing projects for various sectors of the national economy.
An integrated approach to the implementation of remote sensing and GIS technologies at the university will be provided by Sovzond, which offers a full range of services, from the supply of software and hardware, their installation and configuration, to the supply of remote sensing data, training of specialists and development technological solutions. The basis of the proposed solution is the Earth Remote Sensing Data Processing Center (CODDZZ).
What is CODDZZ?
This is a set of software and hardware tools and technologies designed to receive, process and analyze remote sensing data, use geospatial information. TsODDZZ allows you to solve the following main tasks:
- Obtaining remote sensing data (space images).
- Primary processing of space images, preparation for automated and interactive interpretation, as well as visual presentation.
- Deep automated analysis of remote sensing data for the preparation of a wide range of analytical cartographic materials on various topics, the determination of various statistical parameters.
- Preparation of analytical reports, presentation materials based on satellite imagery data.
The key component of TSODDZZ is specialized software and hardware with wide functionality for working with remote sensing and GIS data.
TsODDZZ software
The software as part of TsODDZZ is designed to perform the following work:
Photogrammetric processing of remote sensing data (geometric correction of images, construction of digital elevation models, creation of image mosaics, etc.). It is a necessary stage in the general technological cycle of processing and analyzing remote sensing data, providing the user with accurate and up-to-date information.
Thematic processing of remote sensing data (thematic interpretation, spectral analysis, etc.). Provides interpretation and analysis of satellite imagery materials for the purpose of creating thematic maps and plans, making management decisions.
GIS analysis and mapping (spatial and statistical data analysis, map preparation, etc.). Provides identification of patterns, relationships, trends in events and phenomena of the surrounding world, as well as the creation of maps to present the results in a user-friendly form.
Providing access to geospatial information via the Internet and Intranet (organization of data storage, creation web-services with GIS analysis functions for users of internal and external networks). It provides for the organization of user access from the internal network and the Internet to information on a given topic for a certain territory (space images, vector maps, attributive information).
In table. Figure 1 shows the scheme for using the software proposed by Sovzond, which makes it possible to fully implement all of the listed types of work.
Table 1. Scheme of using the software
|
Type of work |
Software products |
Key Features |
| Photogrammetric processing of remote sensing data | INPHO line from Trimble INPHO | Automated aerial triangulation for all types of frame shooting obtained from both analog and digital cameras Construction of high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) based on aerial or satellite imagery, quality control and DEM editing Orthorectification of remote sensing data Creation of color-synthesized mosaic coverings using images obtained from various satellites Vectorization of terrain objects by stereopairs of aerial and space images |
| Remote sensing data visualization Geometric and radiometric correction Creation of a DTM based on stereo images Creation of mosaics |
||
| Thematic processing of remote sensing data | ENVI line from ITT VIS | Interactive deciphering and classification Interactive Spectral and Spatial Image Enhancement Calibration and atmospheric correction Vegetation Analysis Using Vegetation Indices (NDVI) Obtaining vector data for export to GIS |
| GIS analysis and mapping | ArcGIS Desktop line (ESRI Inc.) | Creating and editing spatial data based on an object-oriented approach Creation and design of cards Spatial and statistical analysis of geodata Map analysis, visual reporting |
| Providing access to geospatial information via the Internet | ArcGIS Server line (ESRI Inc.) |
CCentralized management of all spatial data and mapping services
Building web applications with desktop GIS functionality |
For higher educational institutions, Sovzond offers profitable terms software deliveries. The cost of individual licenses for the university is two or more times reduced in comparison with commercial licenses. In addition, special sets of licenses for classroom equipment are supplied (Table 2). The cost of a package of licenses for training for 10 or more places is basically comparable to the cost of one commercial license. The table below describes the license packages available from various software vendors.
Table 2. Software licenses
Many Russian universities already have positive experience in using software products from ITT VIS, ESRI Inc., Trimble INPHO in the framework of educational and scientific activity. Among them are the Moscow State University Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK), Moscow State Forest University (MGUL), Mari State Technical University (MarSTU), Siberian State Geodetic Academy (SSGA), etc.
TsODDZZ hardware
TsODDZZ hardware includes advanced technical means, allowing a higher education institution to organize research, educational process, to implement various methods of working both with information and with a trained audience. Hardware is selected taking into account the scale of the planned work, the number of students trained and a number of other factors. CODDZZ can be deployed on the basis of one or more premises and include, for example, a classroom, a remote sensing laboratory and a meeting room.
The following equipment can be used as part of the TsODDZZ:
- Workstations for installing specialized software (in classrooms and departments).
- Servers for storage and management of geospatial data.
- Video walls for displaying and collective viewing of information (Fig. 1).
- Video conferencing systems for the exchange of audio and video information in real time between remote users (located in different rooms).
These tools not only make up a productive hardware platform for processing remote sensing data, but also allow you to establish effective interaction between user groups. For example, with the help of a video conferencing system and the TTS software and hardware complex, real-time data prepared by laboratory specialists and video images can be transmitted directly to the screen in the meeting room.
Remote sensing data supply
When deploying the CODDRS, one of the important issues is the acquisition of a set of remote sensing data from various satellites, which will be used to train students and carry out various thematic projects. Sovzond cooperates with leading remote sensing satellite operators and supplies digital data received from WorldView-1, WorldView-2, GeoEye-1, QuickBird, IKONOS, Resurs-DK1, RapidEye, ALOS, SPOT, TerraSAR satellites -X, RADARSAT-1,2, etc.
It is also possible to deploy a ground-based receiving complex at the university, created with the participation of the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), which provides direct reception of data from the Resurs-DK1, AQUA, TERRA, IRS-1C, IRS-1D, CARTOSAT-1 (IRS-P5) satellites ), RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6), NOAA, RADARSAT-1,2, COSMO-SkyMed 1–3, etc. In addition, in the case of deployment of TsODRSD, Sovzond provides an educational institution with a set of free remote sensing data from several satellites, having different characteristics (spatial resolution, spectral range, etc.), which can be used as test samples for teaching students.
The deployment of the Earth Remote Sensing Center in a higher educational institution allows solving the problem of introducing remote sensing and GIS technologies into the scientific and educational activities of the university and providing training for specialists in a relatively new and relevant area.
TSODDZZ is a flexible and scalable system. At the initial stage of creation, the CODDZZ can be a small laboratory or even separate workstations with the functionality of processing remote sensing data. In the future, it is possible to expand TSODDZZ to the size of large laboratories and training centers, whose activities are not limited to teaching students, but also involve the implementation of commercial projects based on remote sensing data and the provision of information services to Internet users.