Nowadays, many important enterprises require the production of precise parts with a fairly smooth surface. This work can be done using various abrasive equipment, including cylindrical grinding equipment. Cylindrical grinding machines can be classified as metalworking tools. With their help, they make precise grinding of metal workpieces on the outer part. Structurally, instruments of this type are very different from similar equipment.
Purpose of the machines
The main purpose of such equipment is this is the processing of the external parts of the part, which has different shapes. For example, cylindrical, straight, or conical shape. Due to the fact that this equipment uses grinding and diamond wheels, fairly high dimensional and geometric accuracy is ensured, as well as a slight roughness of the machined parts. Most often, cylindrical grinding machines are used after the part has undergone the first (thermal or mechanical) treatment. Experts divide cylindrical grinding machines into a couple of types: there are conventional options and there are universal ones.
- A simple cylindrical grinding unit processes parts that have a small taper, no more than six degrees.
- Universal units can process parts with a huge cone angle; this is possible due to the design features of these machines. The fact is that they can be used to rotate the headstock and grinding headstock. The latest models of cylindrical grinding units have characteristics that help them work with workpieces that have a huge diameter and size. They are fully automatic and semi-automatic.
Characteristics
Cylindrical grinding machine 3m151
This unit has been operating in our country for a very long time. He helps on top level process cylindrical, discontinuous cylindrical parts, as well as the surface of various cones.
Due to its uniqueness, unit 3m151 Helps you work with the most complex workpieces. The grinding method used in such a machine is called longitudinal or mortise. The devices that are installed on this machine make it possible to fully control both the size of the workpiece and the processing process itself.
Additionally, you need to take into account the following subtleties that the cylindrical grinding unit has:
- Availability rotary table. Thanks to this table, it is possible to shift the product relative to the abrasive disk in the horizontal and vertical parts;
- Feed mechanism device. This may be an automatic complex or its special analogue. In the latter case, units of this type are used for rough grinding.
- Possibility of fixing products in centers or chucks. This factor applies only to center-type equipment.
The unit helps a specialist quickly work with products with a length of 700 mm and a diameter of 200 mm. The frequency at which the grinding wheel of the unit begins to rotate will be 1590 min-1. It turns out that the speed of movement of the table (which can be steplessly adjusted) will be 0.05−500 min-1. Recently, a huge number of models of such machines have been produced. Therefore, in addition to choosing standard parameters you need to look at technical and operational qualities.
Such cylindrical grinding units bring enormous benefits and now it is very difficult to do without them, they are required almost everywhere.
To make metal products different sizes, metallurgy masters carry out various technological processes carried out using hand tools, industrial equipment. A cylindrical grinding machine is in demand among craftsmen. It is used to remove the metal layer.
Cylindrical grinding machine
It is easier to understand the operating principle when the key components of the machine are known. These include:
- Fixed stand. The base that holds the rest of the equipment on itself. It has stable legs. Compact models can be equipped with wheels for moving around the workshop.
- The headstock on which the spindle with the grinding wheel is attached.
- Calipers, knives.
- Gearbox.
- Device for changing the position of equipment.
- Vise for holding the workpiece.
- Control Panel.
- Guides along which the table moves.
- Working surface for placing parts.
Modern equipment is equipped with numerical program control. It allows you to carry out the technological process more accurately. The abrasive material removes material from the workpiece in an even layer, leaving no grooves or bumps. It is important to configure the program correctly to get the best results.
Characteristics
You can evaluate the capabilities of the machine based on the declared characteristics from the manufacturer. It is necessary to understand the main parameters that are noted in the technical passport:
- The power of a metal machine is indicated in kW. The performance of the machine depends on this indicator.
- The power supply of the device depends on the dimensions of the equipment, the number of working spindles, and the power of the engines. It can be powered from a general network of 220 volts (models for workshops) or from 380 volts (industrial models).
- Dimensions of the desktop. The permissible size of processed workpieces depends on them.
- Diameter of equipment (grinding wheel). Its dimensions are indicated according to GOST standards.
- The number of spindle revolutions per minute.
Additionally, the main characteristics include the dimensions of the machine itself.
Classification
Depending on the dimensions, productivity, type of installation, there are two groups of CNC cylindrical grinding machines:
- Tabletop models. Compact equipment that is used in private workshops. They are characterized by low performance, small dimensions, and a small number of additional functions. They are powered by 220 volts. Most desktop machines come with manual controls without CNC.
- Industrial models. Large machines that are equipped powerful engine, large work table, guides, stepper motors. There are machines with two or more working parts. Industrial equipment has a high productivity rate and is therefore suitable for mass production. Most models are powered by 380 volts.
Depending on the functionality, there are two groups of cylindrical grinding machines:
- Simple machines. Designed for one technological process. Such devices can be assembled with your own hands by looking at ready-made drawings, preparing Consumables, tools.
- Universal models. Multifunctional machines with different options settings. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to process workpieces of complex shapes and different sizes.
CNC Cylindrical Grinder
Purpose of the machines
By using grinding machine You can process wood, stone, plastic, metal. It is designed to perform various technological operations:
- Processing of cylindrical, rectangular, triangular, square workpieces. Removing different layers of metal.
- Creating a rough surface. For this purpose it is selected special kind abrasive
- Sharpening cutting tools, equipment. To avoid damaging the cutting edge, water cooling is used.
To process cylindrical parts, you need to select the grain size of the abrasive material. The layer of metal, wood, plastic, stone that is removed depends on this. The smaller the particles, the more precise grinding occurs.
Selection principles
To choose a reliable machine, you need to consider a number of features:
- The speed of movement of the worktable along the guides. Depends on power stepper motors, which are installed with CNC systems.
- Grinding wheel rotation speed.
- Engine power. The productivity of the equipment and the ability to work on it for a long time without interruption depend on this.
- Dimensions of the structure. Subject to availability free space in room.
- Desk dimensions.
- Processing precision. Depends on the size of the abrasive grains.
- Control type. If the machine will be used rarely, it is not necessary to buy expensive computer-controlled equipment.
Different models of cylindrical grinding machines are equipped with different additional functions. The cost depends on their quantity.
Making a machine yourself
To sharpen tools and process small-sized workpieces, you can make a machine yourself. To do this, you need to prepare consumables and tools:
- Metal corners to create a base.
- Motor from a washing machine.
- Grinding wheel.
- Wires, switches, buttons for making a control panel.
- Welding machine, drill with metal drills, grinder.
The process of creating a homemade device:
- Initially, you need to study ready-made diagrams of a cylindrical grinding machine.
- Assemble the base with the work table, drive, headstock desktop machine. It is made from metal corners. Individual parts are connected welding machine. The seams need to be cleaned and coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
- Secure the engine to the frame. Place a grinding wheel on it.
- Draw wires, make a control panel. It is advisable to use a motor with the ability to change the spindle speed. Thanks to this, a separate regulator will appear.
The grinding wheel is installed vertically. It is advisable to make its lower part so that it is one part in a container with water. Additionally, you can make a massive work table on which a vice for clamping parts will be installed.
DIY making
Equipment operation
You need to know how to operate cylindrical grinding machines for metal in order to achieve the maximum effect from their work and not injure yourself. Rules:
- Before starting work, check the reliability of the grinding wheel and assess its condition. Do not use abrasives with cracks, chips, or uneven surfaces.
- Check your network connection. Set the machine settings in advance.
- Wear safety glasses to prevent chips from getting into your eyes.
- Allow the workpieces to cool if the equipment does not have water cooling.
- Change the abrasive depending on the required quality of processing.
- Lubricate motor oil moving parts of the equipment so that it lasts longer.
- Clean work surfaces from accumulated waste after processing.
- Securely fix the parts with clamps so that they do not move during operation.
Do not attempt to sand hard surfaces with a fine abrasive at low power.
Cylindrical grinding machines are used in various enterprises. They process wood, plastic, stone and metal. Depending on the selected type of abrasive material, different types grinding (rough, finishing). You can make the device yourself. It is suitable for grinding small parts and sharpening tools.
Cylindrical grinding machines for metal with CNC from the Swiss company STUDER in the warehouse of GALIKA AG in Moscow - in stock and on order. STUDER is a hardware and software, system integration and service of the highest Swiss quality. The company has 100 years of experience in the development and production of grinding equipment.
The manual machines STUDER S20 and STUDER S30 are designed for grinding parts in one-off and small-scale production. They are suitable for use in any industry that produces precision small parts. Operation is very simple and changeovers are possible within a short time.
Universal cylindrical grinding machines
Universal CNC cylindrical grinding machines are designed for grinding small, medium, and large-sized parts in piece and mass production.
| Features and Specifications | X, Z axis movement | Grinding wheel | Price in rubles: on request | Availability of equipment |
| STUDER favoritCNC | 285 x 800 mm | 500 x 63 (80) mm | To order | |
| STUDER S31 | 280 x 850/1150 mm | 500 x 63 (80) mm | To order | |
| STUDER S33 | 285 x 800/1150 mm | 500 x 63 (80) mm | To order | |
| STUDER S41 | 350 x 1150/1750 mm | 500 x 50 (80) mm | To order |
Industrial cylindrical grinding machines
The STUDER S11 model is designed for those customers who are focused on mass production of small shafts and bushings, external machining with high speed and high precision.
STUDER S22 is a production platform. Its main purpose is the mass production of medium-sized customer parts. The combined machining machine STUDER S242 ideally combines cylindrical grinding and turning technologies.
SCHAUDT cylindrical grinding machines
SCHAUDT is a German manufacturer of high-quality grinding machines. The company sets global standards in technology, precision and quality for center grinding of round and non-round parts. The SCHAUDT FlexGrind M is designed for grinding long and heavy workpieces.
| Features and Specifications | Grinding length | Price in rubles: on request | Availability of equipment |
Cylindrical grinding machines are used for external processing cylindrical and conical parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metal by longitudinal, plunge-cut and depth grinding in conditions of single, serial and mass production in the field of metallurgy and mechanical engineering at production sites in the workshops of enterprises. Also, the mentioned equipment can often be found in laboratories and research departments of factories and factories.
Compact cylindrical grinding machines are actively used in repair shops and service stations Vehicle, in garages. In addition, the units are used in vocational workshops educational institutions, training specialist machine operators.
Features of cylindrical grinding machines
The equipment design includes the following elements:
- bed;
- upper and lower tables;
- device for internal grinding;
- quill;
- fastenings for grinding wheels;
- headstock;
- electrical cabinet;
- mechanism for straightening the abrasive wheel;
- Remote Control.
We offer to buy a cylindrical grinding machine, which makes it possible to process any metal surfaces. It is noteworthy that the work tables of these units can be equipped with additional stiffening ribs to increase strength and make it possible to work with large parts that exhibit significant mass. Hydraulic workpiece feeding systems ensure cyclic processing of parts with minimal time.
In our company's catalog you can buy a cylindrical grinding machine with sliding guides, which are covered with special covers to prevent contamination. Tables are moved along them, driven by manual mechanism or hydraulic system. The presence of a folding indicator device on the front of the high-strength frame allows you to control table movements with high accuracy. Segmental self-aligning bearings, on which the spindle of the grinding headstock is mounted, provide rigidity of the support and increased rotational accuracy.
The Standard company supplies processing equipment to customers from Russia and neighboring countries. metal parts, gives customers the opportunity to buy a cylindrical grinding machine with an electric locking of the grinding head motor, protecting the equipment from overloads. It is also noteworthy that the inclined working surface of the unit helps to move the tailstock and headstock without losing alignment. Grinding wheels of various grain sizes and hardness are used as tools for abrasive processing of parts. To straighten them, special devices with carbide discs are used.
Advantages of cylindrical grinding machines
- safety in use, subject to all rules for working with equipment;
- automatic lubrication system for spindle heads, reducing wear and increasing the service life of spindles;
- a system that makes it possible to regulate the speed of longitudinal transmission without jerking;
- accelerated approach and retraction of the grinding wheel to save time and increase productivity;
- high reliability in use due to the impeccable quality of components from which industrial cylindrical grinding machines are assembled;
- Availability effective system cooling, which allows reducing the temperature of the grinding wheel during rotation and extending its service life;
- hydraulic or manual (mechanical) high-precision movement of work tables and spindle heads;
- shape stability working area during load fluctuations;
- devices that ensure quick removal of flanges and, if necessary, replacement;
- the presence of splash guards that prevent liquid contaminated with metal particles from entering the operator’s clothing;
- the possibility of installing magnetic separators or paper filters for the grinding wheel cooling system;
- reliable and durable electric motors that consume moderate amounts of electricity;
- stable processing quality;
- maintainability and the ability to replace components.
Advantages of ordering from the Standard company
Clients turn to us to buy a cylindrical grinding machine or other equipment for processing metal parts, because we have created for them profitable terms. In addition, the company maintains high standards of service for both regular and new customers and strictly complies with all obligations stipulated by the contract.
The following advantages of cooperation with our company can be highlighted:
- professional assistance in selecting equipment for mechanical engineering enterprises, based on the requirements and financial capabilities of buyers;
- provision of services for installation, commissioning and commissioning of universal cylindrical grinding machines;
- convenient payment methods, sale of equipment on lease, favorable payment schemes;
- delivery to all regions Russian Federation and CIS countries to customer enterprises;
- provision of services for service machine tools;
- a large selection of equipment for machine-building plants, repair organizations using machine tools;
- system of discounts and installments;
- models from leading manufacturers.
Cost and delivery terms
Cylindrical grinding machines belong to the class of metalworking equipment. With their help, they perform precise grinding of metal workpieces along the outer surface. Structurally, machines of this type differ significantly from similar equipment.
Design features of the equipment
The operating principle of cylindrical grinding machines is based on pressing the workpiece using a guide wheel or mounting in cents. In this case, processing is performed by touching the working rotating abrasive to the surface of the part. This ensures uniform material removal with the formation of an optimal roughness index.
The classic layout of the machine is a combination of turning and grinding. To fix the workpiece, a special block is provided in the design. This may be a system of chucks that hold the part in a horizontal position. Alternative option is the use of an additional circle that presses the workpiece against the abrasive.
The cylindrical grinding machine has the following advantages of use:
- ability to process parts with different dimensions. It is important to take into account their mass;
- fine tuning of parameters. To provide High Quality for grinding, it is recommended to purchase models with automatic feed;
- selection of machine model for specific production tasks. This will ensure maximum productivity and reduce product costs.
However, to choose the optimal machine model, you need to familiarize yourself in detail with their varieties and performance characteristics. It all depends on the configuration of the parts being processed, as well as the requirements for grinding quality.
An important point is the configuration of the abrasive disc - its grain size, area work surface. These characteristics directly affect the grinding quality of the steel workpiece.
Types of cylindrical grinding machines
In practice, cylindrical grinding machines process workpieces of round or oval cross-section. Grinding complex parts is impossible with this equipment due to the specifics of its design. This must be taken into account when choosing a machine model.
The most common models of cylindrical grinding machines are equipment in which the parts are mounted on centers. The workpiece is fixed between the front and tailstock. To improve the quality of grinding, the body rotates. When it comes into contact with the abrasive disc, excess material is removed in the form of metal dust and shavings.
In addition to this technique, so-called centerless cylindrical grinding machines have recently gained popularity. In them, the workpiece is placed on a working carriage and is held on one side by an auxiliary wheel, and on the other is subjected to grinding with the main abrasive. In this way, high-quality fine machining of thin-walled cylinders or cones can be performed. The degree of pressing is adjusted using an automatic system.
Additionally, it is necessary to take into account the following features that the cylindrical grinding machine has:
- Availability turntable. With its help, you can shift the workpiece relative to the abrasive disk in the horizontal and vertical plane;
- feed mechanism device. This can be an automated complex or its mechanical analogue. In the latter case, machines of this type are used for rough grinding;
- Possibility of fixing the workpiece in centers or chucks. This parameter applies to center type equipment only.
Currently in production a large number of models of cylindrical grinding machines. Therefore, in addition to choosing according to design parameters, it is necessary to take into account the technical and operational qualities of the equipment.
To grind over the entire surface of the workpiece, the cylindrical grinding machine must have a mechanism for displacing the abrasive wheel. In this case, longitudinal abrasive feeds and transverse parts are taken into account.
List of main technical characteristics
As an example, consider the work standard model 3M152 cylindrical grinding machine. In it, the workpiece is installed in the centers. Most of this equipment has a similar design.
The best thing specifications the machine is conditionally divided into its units. Structurally, it consists of a workpiece fixation block, a processing center (grinding headstock) and a control system. The average weight of such a machine is about 8 tons. At the same time, it has large dimensions, which imposes special conditions for installation and operation.
Main technical parameters:
- maximum permissible dimensions and weight of the workpiece being processed;
- grinding diameters – minimum and maximum;
- distance from the axis of the headstock spindle to the surface of the work table.
Desktop Features:
- desktop offset – maximum length;
- parameters for manual acceleration and deceleration;
- rotation angles clockwise and counterclockwise;
- displacement characteristics using a hydraulic system. This is necessary for processing massive parts.
The part is fixed between the front and tailstocks. They should be analyzed according to the following parameters:
- rotation frequency;
- for the tailstock - the amount of displacement of the quill.
In addition, the total power consumption of the equipment, the possibility of installing auxiliary structures and the parameters of the cooling system are taken into account. The presence of the latter is mandatory requirement For industrial models cylindrical grinding machines.
To maintain the machine in working condition, it is necessary to periodically carry out preventive and renovation work. It is especially important to apply lubricant to moving parts of equipment in a timely manner.
Cylindrical grinding methods
To perform external grinding, you can use several techniques. The choice depends on the desired result, as well as the actual characteristics of the equipment.
The most common method is longitudinal processing. The workpiece is fastened in the centers. With the help of the headstock drive it is given rotation. At the same time, the feed mechanism provides longitudinal displacement of the part relative to the abrasive wheel.
In addition to this method, modern cylindrical grinding machines can perform the following types of processing:
- deep. Used for grinding short parts. Up to 0.4 mm of material can be removed in one pass. The main machining process is carried out by the conical part of the wheel;
- mortise With its help, you can effectively do rough or fine grinding. To do this, install wide abrasive wheels. During processing, the part does not shift relative to the tool;
- ledges. This is a combined type that combines deep-cut and plunge-cut grinding. The best option for removing excess material from workpieces of complex shapes.
Most models of cylindrical grinding machines can perform all of the above types of processing. It is only important to choose the right equipment characteristics in order to achieve the desired accuracy.
As an example, you can watch a video showing the operation of a CNC cylindrical grinding machine: