Apartment renovation is often accompanied by a change in size or relocation of door and window openings. Expansion of the existing opening is also required when replacing old door to a modern one, which often does not match the dimensions of the previously installed door.
Let us immediately note that the extension doorways is a redevelopment, and must be approved by the relevant departments of the housing inspection. Such work, carried out without special calculations for redistributing the load in load-bearing structures, leads not only to penalties, but also to the probable collapse of the wall and putting the house in disrepair.
In modern block houses, it is prohibited to widen the openings. The blocks carry the load along the entire perimeter, so their redevelopment will lead to a violation of the calculated load parameters and distortion of the structure geometry.
The opening must exactly match the dimensions new door, so you need to correctly determine its dimensions. The following measurements must be taken:
- Height and width of the new door.
- Thickness and width of the door frame.
- Platband sizes.
- Threshold height.
The width of the opening is the sum of the width door leaf, thickness of box racks, size of technological gaps. If the width of the box is less than the thickness of the wall in which the passage is installed, then additional elements will have to be installed.
The height of the opening is calculated by adding the height of the threshold, the height of the door, the thickness of the frame and the size of the gap. The marking of the opening on the wall is carried out with great precision, so that when decorative finishing doors and platbands completely covered the technological gaps.
Horizontal reinforcement of openings
Expansion of openings in load-bearing walls, as well as in brick partitions, is carried out with mandatory reinforcement metal profile. Openings in concrete walls can be strengthened after the walls are dismantled; brick partitions are strengthened before dismantling the bricks to prevent the top rows from collapsing.
Channel beams are used as reinforcements. Corner profile It is permissible to use it in brick partitions that are not load-bearing and to strengthen the vertical parts of openings. Let's consider strengthening an opening in a brick wall as the most common operation.
First, in accordance with the redevelopment project, the future outline of the opening is marked on the wall. The top line of the opening should coincide with the masonry seam. Holes are drilled through the wall at the corners of the contour, and the same markings are made along them on the other side of the wall.
Next, proceed to the installation of the channel jumper. To do this, grooves (grooves) corresponding in size to the metal profile are cut out in the wall. The grooves must protrude beyond the edges of the opening by 0.5 m in both directions, since according to the rules, the width of the crossbar must exceed the width of the opening by at least 1 m.
Holes for tightening bolts are pre-drilled in the metal profile. The channel is inserted into the prepared grooves and fixed cement mortar. After the solution has hardened, the wall is drilled through the holes in the beam, the wall is tapped on the other side, and a channel crossbar is also mounted. Both profiles are connected with steel pins.
After installing the horizontal crossbar, 2-3 rows of bricks under it are dismantled and steel plates are welded to the beams for final reinforcement. The installation of the lintel is completed, you can begin dismantling the masonry.
Vertical reinforcement of openings
When expanding doorways in load-bearing walls, add additional vertical reinforcement metal stands, especially if the opening width is more than 1.5 m.
To construct vertical racks, pairs of channel profiles are used, which are connected with threaded fasteners and steel plates. The vertical reinforcement is welded to the horizontal lintel to create a rigid structure.
Channels for vertically strengthening the opening are mounted in the same way as a horizontal metal crossbar.
Reinforcing the opening with a corner profile
The expansion of doorways in interior brick partitions that are not load-bearing can be strengthened with a corner metal profile. For the corners, deep grooves of the wall are not required; it is enough to make grooves into which the shelves will completely fit.
The opening is strengthened on both sides of the wall, connecting the crossbars and racks with studs in increments of no more than 30 cm (use at least 3 studs in any case). As with reinforcement with a channel profile, the vertical corners are welded to the horizontal jumper.
Dismantling walls when expanding the opening
It is permissible to dismantle a concrete wall before strengthening it. Concrete is removed according to the markings in small square or rectangular pieces. First, holes are drilled along the marked lines in increments of 3-4 cm, then they are connected to each other by cutting the wall with a grinder with a concrete disc.
The center of the concrete squares is struck with a hammer, knocked out of the wall and carefully removed. If the wall is reinforced, then the freed reinforcement is cut off with a grinder saw. During dismantling, props or jacks are used.
Expansion of existing openings in concrete walls should not be carried out using a jackhammer or a powerful hammer drill, as strong vibrations of the tool cause resonance in the thickness of the wall and disrupt the bonds between the concrete and the reinforcement, which leads to the formation of cracks and weakening of the structure. After dismantling a section of the concrete wall, the opening is reinforced with a metal profile.
The brick wall near the opening is dismantled after installing the reinforcing structure. Bricks are removed carefully so as not to cause collapse. Dismantling the wall begins from the top, from the reinforcing lintel.
First, the masonry mortar is removed from the seams using a hammer drill or a drill with a flat attachment, then the bricks are removed or broken into small pieces with a chisel and hammer. The outline of the opening is trimmed with a grinder. If the dismantling area is large, then you can clean the opening along the contour, and inner part smash the masonry with a sledgehammer.
When openings expand, a lot of dust is generated, so all work is carried out in a closed work suit, a respirator and safety glasses.
Expanding the window opening
Changing the size of window openings is done using dynamic impact tools (hammers, drills, etc.) or using diamond cutting.
Window openings, just like door openings, need to be reinforced if they are located in load-bearing walls. First, the old window frame is dismantled and the outline of the new opening is marked on the wall. Then beat off excess pieces of the wall with a sledgehammer or hammer drill.
If you use a hammer drill, cracks may appear in the concrete wall, reducing its strength. Therefore, it is better to widen openings in panel houses using diamond cutting. In addition, after diamond cutting, the contours of the opening remain smooth and do not require additional processing.
The side parts of the new opening are sealed with cement mortar or other plaster material. Once the work is completed, you can install a new window.
Offers from MosKomplekt company
The expansion of openings, like any redevelopment, requires special care and professional preparation. Our company is engaged in the construction and renovation of private houses and public buildings more than 7 years. Contact us and we will carry out the work of reconstructing door and window openings in your apartment with high quality.
Our prices
The table shows approximate prices for widening openings in concrete and brick walls ah by the method of manual diamond cutting. The final cost of the work is determined after assessing the complexity and conditions of the work.
| Wall thickness, cm | Unit change | Price, rub |
| Concrete walls | ||
| up to 10 cm | p.m. | from 750 |
| 11-12 cm | p.m. | from 950 |
| 13-15 cm | p.m. | from 1750 |
| 16-18 cm | p.m. | from 1945 |
| 19-20 cm | p.m. | from 2400 |
| 21-22 cm | p.m. | from 2950 |
| 23-24 cm | p.m. | from 3540 |
| 25-28 cm | p.m. | from 3900 |
| 29-35 cm | p.m. | from 4450 |
| 36-40 cm | p.m. | from 4780 |
| Brick walls | ||
| 1/4 brick (6-8 cm) | p.m. | from 550 |
| 1/2 brick (12.5 cm) | p.m. | from 740 |
| 1 brick (25 cm) | p.m. | from 1450 |
| 1.5 bricks (37-40 cm) | p.m. | from 2430 |
| 2 bricks (50 cm) | p.m. | from 3450 |
| 3 bricks (75 cm) | p.m. | |
Widening the doorway is one of the most common procedures when remodeling apartments. Expanding/changing/creating a doorway sometimes involves a large set of measures and a rather complicated process.
Our task is to explain to site users what difficulties owners may face during the different types.
Expansion of the doorway in load-bearing wall
It is necessary to mention that the procedure for approving the expansion of the opening, as well as its implementation, is almost no different from approval and implementation from scratch - both in terms of money and documents. In addition, when working with an opening, in any case, measures are necessary with subsequent preparation.
We would like to warn you that before starting the development and redevelopment of load-bearing walls, registration from. This is a document drawn up after examining the load-bearing structures of your apartment, which provides accurate calculations and summarizes the possibility or impossibility of redevelopment.
Work with load-bearing walls should be based on a technical conclusion, without which redevelopment can be done:
A. Illegal. Carrying out unauthorized redevelopment entails a fine and receiving an order from the housing inspection, according to which the owner will be obliged to return load-bearing partition to its original state.
To be able to implement the idea, the owner also needs to collect the signatures of 73% of the residents of the house, which in practice most often leads to a dead end for the redevelopment.
Extension of a doorway with a curtain wall
With non-load-bearing walls everything is much simpler. You can do whatever you want with openings in non-load-bearing walls: create, expand, eliminate - this will not in any way affect the quality of life of your neighbors or the integrity of the structure of the house.
The most important thing is that the changes are made to the .
According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "Chapter 4. RENOVATION AND RE-PLANNING OF PREMISES IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING", as well as the Moscow Government Decree No. 508 PP (download the resolution in.pdf), any changes in a brick or concrete load-bearing wall are redevelopment and are almost always subject to reinforcement, with necessary approvals, permits and amendments to the BTI plan.
However, it is often necessary to run an extension to install front door by a few centimeters. What to do in this case? Based on our experience, apartment owners order this work without approval.
At the same time, an important note should be made: if you decide to carry out work without a project and approval - do not do it yourself, then you can avoid unforeseen and unpleasant situations. This is important when you need to expand the doorway in panel house, for example, in a concrete wall of an apartment of the p-44 series or a wall made of aerated concrete, since these house structures are prefabricated (constructor). This is especially dangerous for a doorway in a brick wall.
EXTENDING A WINDOW OPENING IN A BRICK WALL
Enlarging the window good way add light to your living space. In practice, expanding a window opening in a brick wall differs significantly from openings in a panel or monolithic house.
During construction, a beam or lintel made of concrete or metal (angle, channel) is placed above each opening on top of the window. The purpose of this beam is to hold brickwork and redistribute the load. If this is not taken into account, when the opening is enlarged, cracking and, in some cases, collapse of the brickwork may occur.
Initially, it is necessary to examine the structure of the window, obtain data on the type of beam and its dimensions. The expansion is made by installing a new, longer beam/lintel and dismantling the old one.
Let us immediately note that the device opening in the main wall the matter is more than responsible, since the structures of the building, which are load-bearing, are affected. Under no circumstances should this be done without consulting with specialists and without obtaining permission from the Moscow Housing Inspectorate and approval from the authors of the house!
With such a redevelopment of load-bearing walls, it is important to first go through the approval process, and only after its approval, begin the appropriate actions, strictly following the methodology prescribed in the project.
There are 3 types of residential multi-storey buildings in which the possibility of constructing an opening in a load-bearing wall can be considered:
- old brick (Khrushchev, or aerated concrete block);
- panel;
- new monolithic ones.
The method of moving or creating an opening in the main walls is individual for each house.
Such redevelopment of the wall may be necessary in cases of connecting the kitchen and living room, increasing the window opening or increasing the living space due to the apartment located next door, etc.
However, carrying out such work without approval is fraught with adverse consequences:
- destruction of a house or individual structures;
- a fine for constructing an opening without permission;
- repairing the wall and all building structures that were damaged as a result of unauthorized unacceptable actions, to transform them into their previous condition at their own expense.
So, what kind of opening can be made in a load-bearing wall? Clear general requirements, such as the width of the opening, the amount of indentation from the outer (external) wall, etc., exist only for panel houses due to the fact that they were all built in a standard manner.
The answer to the question “is it possible to make a doorway in the load-bearing wall of a brick house?” will depend on the results of a technical inspection of the house, the year of construction and other data. The same applies to modern monolithic houses - there are no general clear instructions, therefore the maximum width of the openings will vary, based on the individual characteristics of the design of each house.
An important point is the year of construction of the building itself, since any material is subject to wear and tear over time. When constructing a doorway, it is impossible not to take into account the change in loads, therefore, for coordination, a project for strengthening the opening with the corresponding drawings is necessary.
Expanding the opening in a load-bearing wall
The very fact of expanding the opening in a load-bearing wall is a more serious matter than carrying out redevelopment due to the opening. In this case, strengthening the opening is the primary task of the event to ensure your safety. When enlarging a doorway in a load-bearing wall, it is important to remember several important points:
- strengthening of support is necessary, the installation of a metal structure will help with this, which will prevent the destruction of the building;
- approval is impossible without a technical report and preparation of a package of design documents, since such redevelopment is not possible in all houses.
If you want to increase the doorway in the load-bearing wall in apartments on the top floors, it is much easier to achieve permission, due to the lower load on the main walls. The situation is more complicated with the coordination of such work on the lower floors, since the load is much greater and the walls are not designed to carry out such activities.
Moving a doorway in a load-bearing wall
The relocation of a doorway in a load-bearing wall also requires approval, since the main wall of the building is affected, in addition, all changes must be made to the BTI plans.
First of all, it is necessary to obtain a technical opinion on the existence of such a possibility.
Such work must be carried out in strict compliance with the requirements of housing legislation, rules fire safety and SNiP. If you move a doorway in a load-bearing wall without coordination and taking into account all the requirements, this will entail a lot of unpleasant consequences, from a fine to returning the apartment to its original form at your own expense.
Coordination of the opening in the load-bearing wall
Obtaining permission during the approval process for an opening in the load-bearing wall of a brick house is less problematic than in other houses. The whole point is that brick houses more durable, since the walls in them are less dependent on each other. If you are the owner of an apartment in brick house, for approval you need to contact State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniiproekt, where in accordance with current legislation you will be given a conclusion on the possibility of constructing an opening in the main wall.
The situation is different with obtaining permission when approving an opening in a load-bearing wall panel house, because in such houses almost every wall has an impressive load. If you unauthorizedly build an opening in such a wall, this will weaken it and have a detrimental effect on the structural stability and safety of the entire structure, because all the main walls are interconnected. To coordinate such work and obtain a technical opinion on the possibility of this redevelopment in a panel house, you need to contact State Unitary Enterprise MNIITEP (Moscow Research Institute of Typology).
To coordinate an opening in a load-bearing wall monolithic house you must also contact State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniproekt or directly to the authors of the house, which will issue a conclusion on the possibility of legitimizing an opening in a load-bearing wall.
The employees of Architectural Design Studio No. 1 will professionally approach the coordination of a doorway in a load-bearing wall. Quality of work, affordable prices and reasonable terms for approval - these are the main principles of the company.
Conclusion:
Construction or relocation of an opening in a main wall is a more than responsible matter, since it affects load-bearing structures buildings! There are 3 types of houses in which the possibility of such redevelopment can be considered:
- old brick (for approval, contact the State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniproekt);
- panel (for approval, contact the State Unitary Enterprise MNIITEP);
- new monolithic ones (permission can be obtained from the State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniproekt or from the authors of the house).
The method of moving or creating an opening in the main walls is individual for each house and requires approval from the specified authorities.
Questions and answers:
Question: Tell me, is the installation of an opening or its relocation considered redevelopment or reconstruction of the building?
Answer: Redevelopment and reconstruction are completely different concepts. Reconstruction includes more global changes than redevelopment (for example, changing the number of floors, replacing engineering systems etc.). And redevelopment is a change in the configuration of a room. Accordingly, work on moving or installing openings is redevelopment.
Expansion of openings in brick and concrete walls. ✔No noise and dust ✔In 1 day! Quick travel around Moscow and Moscow Region. There is SRO approval.
The technology of work also differs depending on the material used to make the walls.
- Reinforced concrete;
- Wooden;
- Brick;
- Aerated concrete.
The most popular today is the expansion of openings made of concrete or brickwork.
Expanding doorways in brick walls
Widening doorways is important during redevelopment work in apartments. As a rule, people tend to move away from standard solutions, trying to implement non-standard wishes for the geometry of space. Widening the openings makes it possible to install more functional doors, for example, “accordion” or sliding type.
Expanding window openings is also a fairly popular service that allows you to implement various design concepts. As with doors, window openings can only be changed after obtaining the appropriate permits.
It is IMPORTANT, even before performing any work, to clarify whether the wall with the window (or door) is load-bearing.
Expansion of openings: price = result in "AlmazorezService"
Only specialists can guarantee a full range of services and excellent result with minimal customer participation. All you have to do is voice your wishes.
Our craftsmen use technology, which allows us to perform work of any complexity in short terms. We are expanding:
- Doorways in partitions, walls;
- Window openings;
- Arches and arched openings;
- Niches in foundations;
- Openings for technological, ventilation and other purposes.
The cost of expanding the opening at the AlmazorezServis company is affordable. And this is not the only advantage. Among our advantages:
- Experienced specialists with a set of necessary skills;
- The latest equipment that meets international quality standards;
- Accurate work using modern technologies;
- Record deadlines for the execution of all orders, even complex ones.
We are constantly improving our work methodology. We are always responsible for quality! Contact us.