Distribution boards. Distribution board Electrical lighting boards are divided

All distribution panels are classified according to several criteria. Shields are used for power supply separate apartments and groups of premises located on the same floor. To supply and account for electricity in apartments, group devices and group-type metering panels are used. Power supply to a complex of premises on one floor is carried out using switchboards of the following classes:

Distribution (a power line is supplied to them, the device distributes electricity between consumers);
Accounting and distribution (in addition to the function of electricity distribution, they keep records of consumed energy);
Group-type metering and distribution devices (they provide power and energy metering for several objects).

Main distribution switchboards power entire facilities, so they are often installed on the territory of transformer substations and facilities to which powerful power supply lines are connected. To receive and distribute energy at the facility, input distribution devices are used, which are integral part group protective automation.

Switching to emergency power mode using another power line is carried out using automatic transfer switches; they automatically activate alternative source power supply in case of an accident on the power line or a power outage. Installation of such equipment is carried out in cottages, industrial buildings and municipal facilities.

Panels are used to power and distribute electricity to several apartments or premises located on the same floor. Distribution panels are classified according to the installation option - built-in or hanging.

You can buy an assembled electrical distribution board of any of the specified modifications from our company at low prices- the cost of products can be further reduced depending on the volume of the order.

Distribution board selection parameters

The choice of distribution board should be made taking into account the following parameters:

The main material is plastic or metal (to protect against vandalism, it is recommended to choose equipment with a metal casing);
Overall dimensions (for built-in devices, the dimensions of the niche for installation should be determined in advance);
Purpose (only powering objects or powering taking into account the energy consumed, powering several objects or one large one);
IP protection degree (this allows you to guarantee the safety of the equipment when exposed to shock, water and changes in temperature and humidity; the higher the protection class, the more durable the equipment is);
Complete set (the kit includes a device for connecting the input line, a low-current compartment and a device for disconnecting the supply line).

Scope of application

Distribution boards are used to enter power lines and account for consumed electricity.

The supply line is connected to various objects through distribution boards. The devices perform two functions simultaneously - reception and distribution electrical energy. Several consumers can be connected to one switchboard, depending on the class of electrical equipment and the characteristics of the facility.

Distribution panels are also used to protect the electrical network from overloads and short circuits. Due to the ability of the equipment to operate with three-phase, single-phase or alternating current, it is used to equip residential facilities and industrial buildings. Depending on the class of equipment, it is used for the following purposes:

Providing power supply to the entire facility (MSB);
Power supply and electrical protection of lighting lines and receivers (group panels);
Transmission of electricity for the purpose of power supply household appliances and lighting of apartments (apartment panels);
Power supply for several apartments or premises located on the same floor;
To automatically turn on emergency power supply and switch to the main power source (ABP).

You can buy a distribution board at a favorable price from our company; we sell certified equipment manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST and TU.

Electricity is needed to operate the vast majority of household devices. To receive and distribute energy, a mounted or built-in metering and distribution board (ASB) is used.

What is it

An electrical power distribution board (PSB) is an electrical input device (IDU), with the help of which energy is distributed throughout the room or its individual part. It is also often called distribution point(PR). It is used at a network voltage of less than 1000 Volts and a frequency of up to 60 Hertz. Introductory distribution boards can be used in a private house, apartment, administrative and industrial premises.

There are the following types of SR:

Main;
Group;
Apartment;
Storey.

Metal electrical distribution boards of the main switchboard type (main panel) are necessary for the input and distribution of electrical energy throughout an apartment or building. Main feature is that it works in networks with a solidly grounded neutral wire, and can also meter incoming electricity. Used to protect electrical lines from voltage surges and power leakage.

Photo – Main switchboard

Group electrical panel used to control individual groups of current consumers (lamps, household appliances, etc.). It is equipped with automatic switches that control current consumption. With the help of automatic machines, if necessary, a complete power cut can also be carried out.

Apartment and floor panels are analogues of group panels. They are used to branch and control the incoming current to certain groups of consumers. For example, in an apartment this could be a boiler, electric stove and sockets, and on the floor - separate apartments.

Photo - large main switchboard

Technical requirements for the device designated in GOST 51321 ( general characteristics distribution boards):

The device must have a high ignition protection class. For this purpose, the shield body is made of insulating materials that do not melt at temperatures up to 850 degrees (this point may vary depending on the IP protection class and climatic modification UZ, UHLZ, etc.);
Closed models are resistant to mechanical stress, including shock loads;
The device must be equipped with clamps for mounting metering devices, circuit breakers or other electrical control devices;
The wire insulation must withstand up to 660 Volts;
During a power surge, the working parts can withstand up to 2500 Volts for a minute;
The service life of the panel with the meter is 25 years.

Types of shields

There are several types of shields:

Mounted, overhead (SHRN);
Embedded (for example, Ekinoxe);
Floor-standing.

Mounted mounted on the walls of the building, built-in- in the niches of houses. It is worth paying attention, in order to protect the cottage, it is more profitable to use niche models. Floor-standing are the largest, they are installed on the floor.

Photo - case sizes

For on-site visits, professional electricians use a portable switchboard, which is in no way inferior to its “stationary” counterparts. Its connection is carried out directly through the machines. To correctly determine the voltage in the network, a light indication is used. Now such models are presented by Legrand and IEK companies.

We propose to consider what other distribution boards exist and their technical characteristics.

Photo - model with a three-phase meter

SCHURN 3-48 is a three-phase wall-mounted metering and distribution board, used for installation on floors or in private houses.

Mounted (overhead) panel АВВ (АВВ) STJAT 22E:

Input distribution panel type ShchO-70:

This is a special model. To ensure continuity of operation, the device is equipped with ATS units. The panels are combined with busbars, which helps increase the space for installing additional elements (circuit breakers and meters). Models of this series, in most cases, are installed in private or apartment buildings.

Photo - floor type

Shields type ShchMP-01 are models with a mounting panel. Thanks to small overall dimensions they can be installed in a niche on the floor or in an apartment; it is also used as an outdoor one for a dacha or private home. This wall-mounted electrical panel has a very high protection class against negative impact external environment. Additional equipment includes a special zip lock that will protect the device from penetration.

Their analogue is ShchRNM-2 - this is a hinged (external, street) panel with a mounting panel. The key difference from the model above is the ability to remove the mounting panels to install other automation. High class IP-54 protection allows them to be installed on the walls of a building. The door is secured with a lock.

If a distribution board is required for mounting components " smart home", then it is recommended to use a plastic low-current shield of the Volta type. It is designed for 17 modules, the model has a built-in 4-row panel equipped with switches for controlling the “smart house” system.

ShchRN-12 – mounted distribution board (internal), equipped with 12 modules. There are models on sale with a number of modules from 9. This ideal option to protect your garage or cottage from power surges. Type – three-phase, rated voltage and current frequency – 380/70.

OSCHV-3-63-6-0 36 UHL4 IP31 (or ShchRV):

Electrical distribution boards and cabinets produced by Schneider Electric MOD are very popular: they are easy to install, easy assembly and high level of quality. The international certificate states that the service life of Schneider Electric equipment is more than 30 years. For example, the Mini Pragma IP40 model has 1 row of panels on which 6 modules can be installed. Ideal for controlling sockets or lights in a building. High level protection allows installation in rooms with high humidity.

You can buy an assembled switchboard in almost any electrical goods store; the price will depend on the purpose and number of modules. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the average cost of the Mini Pragma IP40 model, for example, varies from 8,000 to 9,000 rudders.

Video: how to make a switchboard

How to connect the Shchur

You can install and turn on the device yourself, but this requires a project, for example, a single-line diagram of a distribution board (for example, RShch-16). The device passport includes a diagram according to which the device must be put into operation, but before installing it, you need to study the requirements of the PUE for the existing network.

Photo - single line diagram

This scheme is developed individually for each enterprise or residential building. It can be ordered from special design bureaus. With the existing project, in the future it will be easier not only to connect the device, but also to assemble the necessary circuit.

Home equipment cannot be imagined without electricity. The main component of the power network at home is considered to be a panel designed for the layout of protection devices and the meter itself. There are certain types distribution boards. Their use is typical in the house and apartment.

In our article today we will look at various options, which are purchased for installation in living conditions. Let's look at the details and purpose of each type of electrical panel.

Important! All panels are divided into built-in and wall-mounted. They must be used based on the type of power system in the room.

Important! It is necessary to take into account the number of modules when choosing an electrical panel.

Choosing a shield for living conditions

When choosing an electrical panel in a house, not only safety requirements must be met, but also aesthetics:

Attention! Any of the devices for comprehensive protection of the home’s energy system can be installed independently. See instructions here.

General technical characteristics

By technical specifications, each type of electrical panel must meet certain general parameters.

Firstly, the design must meet all electrical safety rules. That is, to have additional insulation to withstand high currents for a certain time, and also not to succumb to burning and melting. Secondly, all panel panels have a specific weight for each condition.

The size of the distribution board depends strictly on how many groups your network is divided into, and how many circuit breakers and other protective devices will be installed. All panels must have strips for fastening devices; the presence of a grounding strip cannot be ruled out.

One of the most important elements The infrastructure of any building includes a system for providing it with electricity. Indeed, without this, imagine life today modern man impossible.

However, simply installing a power cable is not enough: it is necessary to correctly distribute electricity, ensure the necessary level of protection for the electrical wiring itself, as well as the life and health of people, install a meter for consumed electricity, and, at the same time, fulfill these conditions in such a way that minimum sizes and ease of installation, the structure had easy and quick access.

To fulfill these conditions, there are so-called input distribution devices (IDUs) or simply electrical distribution boards.

Having looked at the photo of the switchboard, they can be seen in sufficient quantities on resources on the network; another reader will note the complexity of the internal contents, as well as large number machines, switches and wires. In fact, you can assemble an electrical panel in your home yourself, especially in the case of single-phase wiring.

However, if you have never encountered electrical installation work, it is better to contact specialists, and for those who decide to do everything themselves, you need to know some key points of installation and selection of an electrical panel, as well as its features internal structure- this is exactly what this article will discuss.

A little theory

The main purpose of the switchboard follows from its name, but still let's dwell on this issue in a little more detail.

To the main functions of the introductory switchgear in the house should include:

Ensuring in one place the distribution of all electricity along separate branches of electrical wiring;
Controlling the connection/disconnection of individual branches to the power grid;
Accounting for consumed electricity;
Protection of both the entire electrical wiring and its individual branches from overcurrent;
Protection against current leakage to ground other than electricity consumers;
Constructive integration of all named functions into a single block;
Protection from external influences internal contents of the distribution device.

It is important to note that these functions are assigned both to the distribution board in the apartment and to the one installed in a private house, garage, cottage, etc.

Electrical panel design

Development electrical diagram The electrical panel is completely dependent on all the wiring of the building. That is, it is she who predetermines the number of automatic protective switches, their type, parameters, as well as other elements and their properties.

Since in each individual case there are a number of specific features, we will not dwell on the development schematic diagram, but only consider the basic, general structural elements.

First of all, a switchboard for a private home can be made of metal or plastic. Recently, they have become increasingly popular plastic structures, they have an attractive appearance, less weight and price, however metal structure more reliable, lasts longer and withstands greater mechanical loads. The choice is yours.

The housing can be structurally built into a niche previously prepared in the wall, as well as installed directly on it.

Built-in structures are more convenient when installing hidden wiring, they take up less space, do not stand out externally, look aesthetically pleasing and fit harmoniously into the space. However, their installation and installation is much more complicated.

The internal structure of the electrical panel consists of the following main components:

Special DIN rail, everything is installed on it circuit breakers and other control and protection devices;
A special kind of distribution current-carrying busbars for neutral and pinch wires. The ground bus is designated “PE”, and the zero bus is designated “N”;
Automatic switches, residual current devices and other automation and control devices, for example: lighting, hood, etc.;
Electricity consumption meter;
Wires connecting all elements of the electrical panel into a single circuit.

In some cases, for example in apartments, there may not be a meter in the electrical panel, and in addition, other, not specified, automation and control units may be installed. Fastening and installation of additional elements must be done in accordance with the instructions for these devices, which are supplied with them.

Installation

In general, the installation of a distribution board in a house is carried out at the stage of all electrical installation work. There are no special features in this case: everything is done in strict accordance with safety requirements, as well as the stipulated norms and rules. The only thing is that the connection to an external power supply must be made after assembling and checking the circuit.

All connections inside the electrical panel must be made strictly in accordance with a previously thought out and sketched electrical diagram.

On the inside of the electrical panel door, as a rule, there is a special place where you can indicate the purpose of all switches.

A mandatory signature-marker of all machines must be considered a sign of a job well done and one of the electrical safety requirements. So, if the protection is triggered, this will allow you to localize the troubleshooting, and if repair or maintenance work is necessary, disconnect the necessary branch of the electrical wiring.