is a parasitic disease known since ancient times, sexually transmitted and causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs of women and men.
The disease is caused by a special type of microorganism called protozoa. There are many types of protozoan microorganisms found in nature. Some of them live in water and soil, others are parasites in animals and humans.
Who are Trichomonas, types of Trichomonas
Protozoa– single-celled organisms, unlike other single-celled organisms, are capable of movement due to the presence of flagella and independent existence outside the infected organism. In their structure, the simplest are similar to ordinary cells, the totality of which makes up an entire organism. The difference is that protozoa, despite the simplicity of their structure, exist as a separate integral organism.The name trichomoniasis comes from protozoan organisms called trichomonas, which cause specific local pathological phenomena.
Trichomonas, which parasitize the human body, are of three types:
Trcihomonas elongata - lives in the oral cavity.
Trichomonas hominis - lives in the human intestine, feeds on various bacteria, red blood cells (blood cells).
Trichomonas vaginalis – found in the lower genitourinary tract:
- Urethra
- Vagina
- Prostate
Routes of infection with Trichomonas
Trichomoniasis is a very common disease. There is no place on earth where this microorganism does not exist. According to some data, trichomoniasis occurs in both men and women, young and mature, who are sexually active. The disease is transmitted predominantly sexually, that is, through unprotected sex.Trichomonas colpitis (vaginitis)
Colpitis– inflammation of the superficial layers of the vaginal mucosa. The term colpitis is borrowed from the Greek language. There is also a second name characterizing inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, of Latin origin - vaginitis
Acute trichomonas colpitis is characterized by:
- Unbearable itching, burning in the vaginal area, around the labia. Itching is explained by the irritating effect of trichomonas on the vaginal walls and foamy discharge (secretion).
- Redness and scratching of the skin in the perineal area, labia majora and minora. Appear due to itching in these areas.
- Foamy discharge with a characteristic unpleasant smell. The volume of discharge depends on the phase of the disease. From profuse leucorrhoea (discharge) yellow, with an acute progressive course, to scanty gray discharge, with a chronic, sluggish process. Foaminess and abundance of secretion appears as a result of vital activity in parallel with Trichomonas, special type bacteria that produce gas.
Trichomoniasis in the menopausal period.
In menopausal women, the incidence of trichomoniasis varies widely. Lack of estrogen causes atrophy (decreased functions, thinning of the walls) of the mucous membrane of the vaginal walls. Accordingly, the microflora of the inner surface of the vagina is disrupted, local immunity is reduced, and favorable conditions for the growth and development of not only trichomonas, but also many pathogenic microorganisms. The main clinical symptoms are expressed as:
- Mucopurulent discharge, sometimes streaked with blood
- Itching in the area of the vaginal vestibule
- Rarely, minor bleeding after sexual intercourse
Pregnancy and trichomoniasis
As a rule, trichomoniasis causes inflammatory changes at the local level, that is, at the level of the genital organs. Thereby negatively affecting the course and course of pregnancy. Can cause complications such as: spontaneous abortion and premature birth. The essence of abortion is that Trichomonas cause inflammatory changes, during which special substances called prostaglandins are released into the blood. Prostaglandins cause increased contractions of the uterine muscles, thereby promoting the expulsion of the fetus from the uterine cavity.Disorders from the central nervous system(CNS) 
Inflammatory damage to the mucous membrane, the addition of a secondary purulent infection and profuse foul-smelling vaginal discharge affect the quality of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse becomes painful and impossible. A long-term chronic course of the disease can ultimately cause frigidity not only due to pain, but also emotional discomfort, causing in some cases a disturbance in the psycho-emotional state of a woman.
Microscopic method
For diagnosis confirming the presence of trichomonas in the genital tract, it is necessary to take smears from the vaginal mucosa. It is preferable to take swabs from three different places:
In women
- Posterior vaginal vault
- Cervical canal
- Urethra
- Scraping from the urethra
- Prostate fluid
- Sperm
To obtain prostate fluid, a gentle massage of the prostate gland is usually used.
Laboratory tests should be carried out no later than 30 minutes after taking smears, since Trichomonas are very unstable in the external environment and die quickly.
The taken material is placed on a glass slide, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is dropped, covered with a coverslip and placed under a microscope. In some cases, to better identify trichomonas, smears are pre-stained. Microscopic examination is the most rapid method for diagnosing trichomoniasis and makes it possible to make a diagnosis only 15-20 after taking the starting material.
Cultivation of Trichomonas
Like one of three modern methods determining the pathological pathogen has a number of advantages, such as:
- Allows you to determine the initial amount of Trichomonas in the test material. Indirectly reflects the degree of the inflammatory process.
- It reveals which drugs Trichomonas are sensitive to, which is very important when prescribing the correct and optimal treatment. It also allows you to adjust treatment that has already begun.
PCR method in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis
A very valuable method for detecting Trichomonas. Advantage this method The point is that in the chronic course of the disease, the pathogen is very difficult to detect using conventional microscopic methods. In addition, any biological fluid of the body is suitable for research, be it blood, saliva, scraping of the urethral or vaginal mucosa.
The method is based on the fact that Trichomonas DNA, that is, genetic material, can be easily detected in the material being studied. Analysis accuracy is 100%. Results appear the very next day, which allows you to start effective treatment in a timely manner.
Treatment of trichomoniasis
To fully recover from trichomoniasis, the following conditions must be met:- It is necessary to treat both sexual partners at the same time
- During the course of treatment, any sexual contact is excluded
- Use special anti-trichomonas drugs (metronidazole, tinidazole)
- In parallel with treatment, hygiene rules for caring for the genitourinary organs are observed:
- Daily washing of the genitals using antiseptics (a weak solution of potassium permanganate, furatsilin solution) or detergents, that is, ordinary toilet soap.
- All movements when washing are carried out from front to back, that is, from the side of the vagina to the anus. This is necessary in order to avoid infection in the urethra.
- Individual use of toiletries (soap, washcloths, towels).
- Daily change of underwear
- Mandatory treatment of other concurrent diseases of the genitourinary organs of infectious and inflammatory origin.
Scheme using metronidazole (Trichopol)
On the first day, take 1 tablet 4 times orally with water.
From the second to the seventh day inclusive, take 1 tablet 3 times a day, also taken orally with water.
Metronidazole– antiprotozoal, antimicrobial drug.
Mechanism of action consists of an inhibitory effect on the genetic apparatus of bacteria. In this case, all biological processes of the cell gradually cease and the microorganism dies.
Contraindication pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the drug.
Tinidazole regimen
Take 4 tablets of 500 mg each at once. Or
For 7 days, 1/3 tablet 2 times a day
Tinidazole
The drug is from the same group as metronidazole with a similar mechanism of action and side effects.
Contraindications –
- hematopoietic disorders
- pregnancy and lactation
- hypersensitivity to the drug
Klion – D- a combination drug that contains equal parts of metronidazole and miconazole (an antifungal drug). The drug is very effective for mixed infections of the genitourinary system of bacterial and fungal origin.
Prescribed in the form of vaginal suppositories, 1 piece at night for 10 days.
Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment antitrichomonas drugs are carried out as follows:
- For 2-3 months after treatment, smears of the contents of the vagina and urethra are taken for microscopic examination for the presence of vaginal trichomonas
- Smears should be taken 1-3 days after menstruation
Prevention of trichomoniasis
Preventive measures include integrated approach, aimed at protecting against possible infection not only with trichomoniasis, but also with all sexually transmitted diseases, be it gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and many others.
- Prevention should begin with educational activities about a healthy lifestyle, the importance of contraceptive methods, and routes of transmission of infections that cause inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. These measures are primarily aimed at preventing the occurrence of infectious inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs in categories of people adolescence. Medical workers, teachers in schools, professors in lyceums and universities are required to carry out educational activities in this direction among high school students, students of universities and vocational schools.
- Categories of young and middle-aged people who are sexually active should be careful when choosing a sexual partner. Promiscuous sexual intercourse is not encouraged. Ideal option An intimate relationship with one sexual partner is considered. The use of condoms plays an important role as a means of preventing the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy and transmission of trichomonas infection through sexual contact.
- Preventive control by a gynecologist at least once a year, with taking smears from the urethra, posterior vaginal fornix, and cervical canal. The contents from these places are subjected to microscopy, thereby determining the presence of a possible infection and at the same time determining the degree of cleanliness of the vagina.
- Treatment of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary organs caused by other types of pathogenic microorganisms that reduce local immunity and increase the risk of Trichomonas infection.
- An incomparably significant role in the spread of Trichomonas vaginalis is played by the simultaneous use of toiletries (washcloth, towel) by two or more people, one of whom suffers from trichomoniasis. Therefore, it is necessary for each person to have their own body care products and use them individually.
- When preparing for pregnancy, both women and men should be tested for the possible presence of a latent urinary tract infection. And also consult your doctor about this. When planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to cure all possible foci of infection in the woman’s body.
What are the possible consequences of trichomoniasis?
Most often, trichomoniasis causes complications during pregnancy:- premature birth;
- low birth weight of the baby;
- transmission of infection to the child when he passes through the birth canal.
How to eat properly if you have trichomoniasis?
Dietary habits are more related not to the disease itself, but to the use of anti-trichomoniasis drugs that have antibacterial activity. As with any antibiotics, nutrition must be complete, otherwise nausea, indigestion, and others may occur. side effects. You need to have a hearty breakfast, preferably porridge. It is useful to take pancreatic enzyme preparations during the course of treatment, for example Mezim-Forte. You can also take medications containing bifidobacteria, since antibiotics can cause dysbiosis. For more detailed advice, contact your healthcare provider.
Do not drink alcohol within 24 hours of taking it metronidazole and within 72 hours after administration tinidazole. These drugs can cause a reaction to ethyl alcohol, like a “coding” for alcoholism. Nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant symptoms occur.
Is it possible to have sex with trichomoniasis?
During treatment of trichomoniasis, sex is completely contraindicated for two reasons:- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection. This means there is a risk of infecting your partner.
- Sexual intercourse reduces the effectiveness of treatment.
Does a condom protect against trichomoniasis?
Condoms are one of the simplest, most affordable and effective means protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. But they do not completely protect against either one or the other. Condoms only prevent trichomoniasis by 90%. With constant contact with one sick partner, the likelihood of transmission of infection increases even more.
Do not forget that during sexual intercourse the condom can break and slip off the penis.
Is trichomoniasis transmitted during oral sex?
Theoretically, such a possibility exists, it may even develop trichomoniasis sore throat. In practice, this happens extremely rarely. But it’s still not worth the risk.How is trichomoniasis coded in the ICD?
Trichomoniasis has several codes in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision:2012-06-01 16:30:41
Alesya asks:
Hello. I was diagnosed with trichomoniasis, I was prescribed metronidazole tablets, is it even possible to cure this disease, I’m very afraid that the infection will go further(
2008-09-30 11:46:38
Natasha asks:
Today I saw a gynecologist, she told me that I have trichomoniasis and that I have inflammation of the ovaries. Could the inflammation be caused by trichomoniasis? She prescribed me Morinda and Colloid silver. They are very expensive, at least they help. Trichomoniasis can be cured completely.
2012-12-25 22:24:09
Oksana asks:
My husband and I were diagnosed with trichomoniasis, I have an acute form with symptoms, my husband has no symptoms. The doctor said that it was impossible to cure my husband because he had cysts that would last his whole life. Is it really impossible to recover? Another doctor said that these are L-forms and with proper treatment you can be cured, but first you need to aggravate the disease, and then start treatment. Tell me if this is so and how the disease worsens
Answers Zhiravetsky Taras Mironovich:
Good afternoon, trichomoniasis throughout the civilized world is curable and does not require any exacerbations; it can be treated for up to 10 days with tablets.
2011-10-12 07:24:54
Katya asks:
Hello. In February there was great erosion and HPV levels different types 3000. Had trichomoniasis.
After treatment with suppositories and tablets, the HPV indicator decreased to 500. Trichomoniasis was not cured. Due to the large number of leukocytes and the source of infection, cauterization was not performed.
They again prescribed treatment with suppositories, tablets + injections and immunostimulants. Trichomoniasis did not go away, but HPV became less than 100 (the types are still the same).
To cure trichomoniasis, they prescribed IV treatment for 6 days in the hospital + again immunostimulants Galavit 5 injections every day. Trichomonas have become an atypical form, I continue to take tablets for them. Cytology has changed from type 2 to type 3a.
All this treatment + breaks for tests took about 8 months.
But, a repeat colposcopy showed that the erosion had decreased!!! Decreased by 35%!! Why then did cytology worsen? Is Allokin right for me? If so, how long after can I inject it? I still can’t do cauterization because there are a lot of leukocytes! Katya, 25 years old. Thank you
Answers Kolotilkina Tatyana Olegovna:
Hello Katyusha. What did you receive before Allokin? If you have dysplasia 3, I advise you to contact the oncology clinic. Don’t delay visiting a gynecological oncologist.
2011-03-04 21:30:02
Asks Yana K.:
Hello! Please help with advice! Last summer I had unprotected sex and were diagnosed with trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis, mycoplasma, ureaplasma and HPV. I was treated for a month and drank 200 antibiotic tablets: cycloferon 2ml IM alternated with aloe extract 1ml IM for 10 days this and that; hofitol 2t*3r -10 days; dazolic 1t*2r -10 days; Levolet "r"r 500ml -10 days; then after 10 days: atrican - 12 days; fromilid 500m - 14 days; and then after another 14 days: naxogin 2t*2r per day - 9 days; orungamine 2 caps - 8 days, and betadine suppositories from the first day.
- I passed counter tests - everything was clear, except for HPV, but the temperature remained at 37.2 - I was sent to a tuberculosis dispensary for examination - the doctors said that after such treatment my immunity collapsed and tuberculosis flared up - I was also cured - I took anti-tuberculosis drugs 2 months .. and there at the dispensary I had a laparoscopy (they looked for maybe there was tuberculosis there, but there was none), they diagnosed peritoneal endometriosis, adenomyosis, chronic salpingitis, adenomyosis and polycystic ovaries .. they prescribed duphaston. after being discharged, I continue to have a low-grade fever... I went to the doctors again, but they can’t find the cause anywhere... I took all the venereal tests again a month ago, everything was clear..., I did the mantu again, everything is normal... Today I went to the urologist - he told me immediately stated that I have Trichomonas!!! (symptoms from my words: double urge to urinate with an interval of a minute, itching in the genitals, sharp pain in the lower abdomen, low-grade fever, and urine analysis according to Nechiporenko 750 leukocytes, in general analysis urine leukocytes are the same.) He says get tested for trichomonas 3 times, 10, 20 times until you find them.. because they are very difficult to detect!! but I’m not a millionaire at all, and it sounds kind of absurd..- isn’t it enough to get tested once? Are these symptoms enough to make such a diagnosis? And can cured Trichomonas come back again? After all, I took a control test 7 days after treatment. And can I just drink one trichopolum to cure trichomonas - or is this not enough? Thanks in advance! Please advise simple diagram treatment of trichomoniasis so as not to go to doctors for tests.
Answers Vengarenko Victoria Anatolevna:
Yana K., I advise you to increase your immunity (you can use proteflazid, echinocea or geneferon...), and to treat trichomaniasis it is quite enough for both sexual partners to drink trichopolum and something for the liver (essentiale, holosas or karsil).
2011-01-21 14:20:59
Anastasia asks:
Hello, how can you cure a sexual partner of trichomoniasis without his knowledge, is this possible? Thank you.
2010-11-13 11:54:42
Lena asks:
Hello!
I have had trichomoniasis for 13 years, in 2005 I underwent treatment, tests showed that everything was cured, but now the symptoms appeared again, but they were painful (the lower abdomen hurts, it radiates to the back, discharge, itching, the appendages often hurt... I am infertile.. .) I took a smear at the skin-vein dispensary, they didn’t find anything, but this can’t be because I have lifelong thrush, and they didn’t even find that, I didn’t believe their analysis... Please tell me where I can get more details to be examined and receive quality treatment in Vinnitsa? And I read in the “questions” about vaccination with solcotrichova, when should it be done before treatment or during it, what does it give? Thanks in advance.
Answers Silko Yaroslav Gennadievich:
It is better to do vaccination during the period of remission (when there are no clinical manifestations). You can go to the antenatal clinic at your local gynecologist, as it is necessary to rule out other inflammatory diseases of the internal and external genital organs. It’s better to get tested in the Sinevo laboratory - PCR scraping for chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis for starters.
2010-05-14 14:32:31
Olesya asks:
I was diagnosed with trichomoniasis. But six months have passed since the dangerous sexual contact. They said that it might not be possible to cure this disease - too much time had passed. Is this true and what deterioration can be expected over time?
Answers Vustenko Vitalina Vasilievna:
Hello. Treatment of trichomoniasis really needs to be carried out as early as possible from the moment of diagnosis, since the transition of the disease to a chronic or latent form worsens the therapeutic possibilities of curing trichomoniasis. Moreover, during this time Trichomonas can already lead to adverse consequences of trichomoniasis (for example, create preconditions for infertility). In order to help the body fight infection, it is advisable to vaccinate with solcotrichovac. Vaccination with Solcotrichovax enhances the body's immune defense at the general and local levels, helps create a normal vaginal biocenosis, and prevents recurrent cases of the disease. Be sure to start treatment as early as possible!
2008-11-03 10:25:04
Nastya asks:
Hello! I am 24 years old, my husband is 26 years old. In 2004, I had surgery using laparoscopy on my left ovary to remove a dermoid cyst. In 2006, my husband and I got married and started planning pregnancies, but for 1.6 years nothing worked out. I went to the doctor and was diagnosed with infertility of unknown origin. In September of this year, I had a hysterosalpingoscintigraphy to check for tubal patency, and then they made a conclusion about functional obstruction of the right fallopian tube. After this, I underwent foliculometry; in the left ovary, on which there was surgery, ovulation does not occur, but the left tube is patent. On the contrary, in the right one there is ovulation, but the tube is functionally impassable. I was treated with aloe injections and lidase was injected under pressure into my right tube. The tests are all normal for both me and my husband. He took a spermogram, everything was fine, even very good. A slight inflammation of the prostate, but it was cured. I took tests for tank culture and DNA PCR, for ureaplasma, mycoplasma, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, nothing was found. My question is, is pregnancy possible with functional obstruction of the tube? How can ovulation be resumed in the left ovary? And will I even be able to get pregnant? All hopes are already gone! Thanks in advance!!!
Answers Bystrov Leonid Alexandrovich:
Hello, Nastya! You can never lose hope, and even more so in your case. The diagnosis is functional obstruction of the fallopian tube, quite hypothetical, established by exclusion, but it can be treated: these are physical procedures, mud therapy, electrical stimulation, etc. As for “triggering” the left ovary - this is to induce ovulation using ovarian stimulation, there are special drugs for this, and you also need a doctor who knows this method and knows how to monitor the ovaries against the background of stimulation. I hope everything goes well for you.
Trichomoniasis is curable, provided that the patient seeks treatment timely assistance see a professional doctor, since self-medication of this infection is absolutely unacceptable and can cause irreversible chronic consequences. You also cannot resort to treatment methods that have had an effect on trichomoniasis in other patients - each case is unique in its own way and identical drug regimens simply do not exist.
To answer the question of whether Trichomonas can be cured, first of all, you need to understand that fighting the infection is only possible individually. It is necessary not only to determine the type and form of trichomoniasis, but also to identify accompanying infections and chronic disorders in the functioning of the immune system.
Antibacterial drugs as the basis for the treatment of trichomoniasis
Can trichomoniasis be cured using special anti-trichomoniasis drugs? Most often, drugs are prescribed that can heal due to their pronounced antibacterial effects. They are prescribed in a comprehensive manner, simultaneously providing general and local anti-inflammatory treatment. General-purpose drugs are designed to rid the body of trichomonas internally, and local use eliminates external signs and symptoms of a chronic disease, for example, itching, discharge, burning and erosive formations on the genital mucosa. Trichomonas is curable only with complex therapy; local treatment itself can only be perceived as auxiliary and without massive antibiotic exposure - it is not effective.
Is trichomoniasis treated the same as other bacterial STDs? Like any similar therapy, antibiotic prescriptions must be taken by patients in a strictly defined course. It cannot be canceled without permission even after all external symptoms of the disease have completely disappeared. The infection is treatable, but the process takes on average 10-15 days. In case of deviation from the norm or pathological conditions of the body, the course duration of taking the drugs can be significantly increased. This happens if the infection has become chronic and therefore difficult to treat with medication.
Treatment of the chronic form of the disease: prescriptions and prevention
Is it possible to cure chronic trichomoniasis? This form of the disease is curable, provided that the patient has been selected the optimal drug regimen for his case to relieve the disease. If at least one protozoan, Trichomonas, survives in the body, then after some time the moment of reinfection will definitely come. Therefore, in case of chronic trichomoniasis, the doctor’s prescriptions must be strictly followed, and smears taken from the mucous membrane of the urogenital tract can be taken at intervals of several weeks.
During the treatment of a chronic infection, you need to abstain from any sexual intercourse, and also, for the purpose of prevention, you can follow a diet that excludes the intake of salty, fried, spicy foods and alcohol. Many anti-trichomonas drugs are absolutely incompatible with alcohol, even weak ones. Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to the rules of personal hygiene, regularly change underwear and take water treatments.
Is chronic trichomonas treated with antibiotics? As you know, when using such drugs, you can kill not only infection bacteria, but also the permanent microflora of the genitals and urinary canal. Therefore, along with antibiotic therapy, it is recommended to prescribe agents that normalize the balance of microflora and restore its healthy functionality.
In addition to basic medications, you can consume fermented milk foods, but only those that contain bifidobacteria necessary for the functioning of the excretory system. Immunity-strengthening drugs, including adaptogens, such as lemongrass or ginseng tincture, can also help cure a chronic infection.
Features of treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis
Is trichomoniasis curable in men? Can we hope for a complete recovery? Yes, but for a successful outcome it is necessary to supplement the therapy with prostate massage, physiotherapy and urethral instillations.
So, trichomoniasis - can it be fully cured? A positive result can be obtained provided that all of the above methods and preventive measures are included in the treatment regimen. That is, local and general antibiotic therapy, strengthening the body's defenses and stabilizing chronic disturbances of the normal microflora of the environment.
It must be remembered that treatment is indicated simultaneously for all sexual partners of the infected person; using this technique, re-infection, the chronic form of the disease and some post-infectious complications can be avoided. Antibacterial therapy should be carried out regardless of the results of diagnostic tests of the sexual partner, if one of them is diagnosed with Trichomonas.
Passive carriers of the pathogen must also be treated without fail, since at any time one can expect that a latent type of infection will transform into a chronic one, but even with a latent form, the partner will become infected with a 100% probability. It is best to undergo a course of treatment while being observed by the same specialist, then the doctor will have enough information that is necessary to cure the disease.
One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases is chronic trichomoniasis. This pathology is included in the group of STIs along with syphilis, HIV infection, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, genital herpes and other infections. If not treated correctly, trichomoniasis leads to damage to the reproductive organs and infertility.
Consequences for women and men
Trichomoniasis is an infection with a predominantly sexual transmission, characterized by damage to the genitourinary system of men and women. Every year, this pathology is diagnosed in more than 100 million people worldwide. According to unofficial data, the prevalence of the disease among the population is 10%. If treated improperly, trichomoniasis becomes chronic.
The risk group includes the sexually active population. In women, the peak incidence is between 16 and 35 years of age. This problem is very relevant due to possible negative consequences (infertility, infection of the fetus from a sick mother). Trichomoniasis develops:
There is evidence indicating the role of the causative agent of this infection in the development diabetes mellitus and mastopathy. The disease is often found together with chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Reasons for appearance
Trichomoniasis is caused by small single-celled microorganisms.
The reasons for the development of the disease are few. Transmission of Trichomonas occurs through sexual, vertical or household contact. The most dangerous are unprotected vaginal contacts with a sick person or carrier. Anal and oral sex reduce the risk of infection. Most often, the source is men with an erased form of trichomoniasis or carriers.
Contact-household transmission occurs when using someone else's towels and underwear. This route of infection is rare due to the fact that Trichomonas are viable in the external environment for 10–15 minutes. The following factors increase the risk of developing the disease:
Chronic trichomoniasis in women and men develops against the background of acute inflammation when symptoms are ignored, self-medication or non-compliance with the treatment regimen. This diagnosis is made if the disease is more than 2 months old.
Manifestations of trichomoniasis
In men, the disease is more mild. Poor symptoms are typical. The most common diseases that develop are urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis. It takes up to 2 months from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first complaints. The following symptoms indicate inflammation of the urethra:
- mild itching;
- burning during intercourse;
- mucopurulent discharge.
Dysuric phenomena are observed in 4% of cases. With advanced trichomoniasis, solid infiltrates are formed. A dangerous complication is urethral stricture. It makes mictions difficult. Complaints are more pronounced during exacerbations. Along with urethritis, chronic prostatitis often develops. This is due to the fact that Trichomonas penetrates into the deeper parts of the genitourinary tract.
Prostatitis develops in 40% of patients. It is manifested by the release of urine drop by drop, aching pain and burning in the perineum or anus, dyspareunia, frequent and painful urination, as well as a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. There is often discomfort during bowel movements. Itching, a feeling of coldness and sweating in the perineal area may occur.
With chronic prostatitis, the ejaculation process is disrupted and libido decreases. Sexual disorders are observed in 5–8% of cases. When Trichomonas infects the epididymis, epididymitis develops. It is manifested by discomfort in the scrotum and the presence of a seal. The chronic form of trichomoniasis is characterized by impaired spermatogenesis.
Women with trichomoniasis most often develop colpitis. It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- scanty gray discharge with an unpleasant odor;
- swelling of the vulva;
- aching pain in the lower abdomen.
The chronic form of trichomoniasis occurs with periodic exacerbations. They can be triggered by hypothermia, decreased immunity, sexual intercourse and drinking alcohol.
How dangerous is the disease?
If treatment for chronic trichomoniasis is not carried out, complications arise. May develop:
Trichomoniasis is dangerous during pregnancy. The pathogen promotes increased production of prostaglandins, against which a miscarriage is possible. Other negative consequences include preterm labor and early rupture of membranes. It has also been established that long-term trichomoniasis increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the cervix.
Survey
Complex treatment of this pathology is carried out after the diagnosis has been clarified. The following studies will be needed:
In women, the attending physician takes material for microscopy from the mucous membrane of the vagina, urethra and cervix. In men, seminal fluid, blood and scrapings from the urethral mucosa are examined. It is recommended not to urinate for at least 2 hours before collecting material. The polymerase chain reaction is very informative. It allows you to detect the genetic material of the pathogen.
Treatment tactics
Not everyone knows how trichomoniasis is treated. The main aspects of therapy are:
- use of antimicrobial drugs;
- use of local antiseptics;
- compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- temporary sexual rest;
- taking adaptogens and immunostimulants.
Not only the patient himself is treated, but also his sexual partner. Antiprotozoal medications are prescribed. Trichomonas are sensitive to 5-nitroimidazole derivatives. The most commonly prescribed drugs are based on metronidazole (Metrogyl, Klion, Metronidazole Nycomed), tinidazole (Fazizhin, Tiniba) and ornidazole (Dazolik, Tiberal). There are various schemes treatments, where local medications in the form of gels and suppositories are combined with taking tablets.
When trichomoniasis is combined with other STIs, antifungal drugs may also be prescribed. For this pathology, it is recommended to use local antiseptics. An important aspect therapy is to increase immunity. For this purpose, Immunomax, Thymogen, Estifan, Immunal and Immunorm are used.
Patients should adhere to the following recommendations:
- change underwear more often;
- drink vitamins;
- diversify the menu;
- give up alcohol;
- cure concomitant diseases.
After a course of therapy, repeat treatments are required. They are done three times. Trichomoniasis is curable if you follow all medical recommendations.
Forecast and preventive measures
You need to know not only whether this disease can be cured, but also how to prevent it. To reduce the risk of infection with Trichomonas, you must:
It is necessary to eliminate all risk factors for developing the disease. An important aspect of prevention is increasing the body's resistance. This is achieved by proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. The prognosis for chronic trichomoniasis with proper treatment is favorable. If complaints are ignored, infertility develops. Thus, trichomoniasis poses a danger to the reproductive health of young people.
Treatment of this disease can be carried out at home, but only under the supervision of an experienced specialist. The treatment regimen and medications are prescribed after a comprehensive examination and laboratory tests. When treating trichomoniasis, you should never rely on the advice of friends who have had it. After all, each case is unique in its own way, and different therapy is prescribed for patients.
Trichomoniasis can be cured by strictly following the recommendations given by your doctor. It depends on the form of the disease and the presence of concomitant diseases. If the patient is also diagnosed, for example, then the treatment of these diseases in combination will be fundamentally different from the treatment regimen for them separately. Let's look at how to completely cure trichomoniasis.
The treatment regimen includes the fulfillment of certain conditions. First of all, treatment is carried out by sexual partners together. During treatment, all sexual contacts are excluded to avoid re-infection. In parallel with drug treatment at home, remedies are used traditional medicine. Strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene with the use of disinfectants is also shown.
To avoid infection of the urethra, movements during washing are made from front to back. If several infectious agents are detected in a patient, then treatment of all diseases should take place simultaneously.
How trichomoniasis can be cured in each individual case is determined by the doctor. As a rule, antibacterial therapy includes taking antibiotics, the most commonly used of which is trichopolum or its analogues. Metronidazole can be taken once at a dosage of 2 grams per dose. This allows you to quickly cure the disease at home, does not require constant medical supervision, and the drug does not accumulate in the body.
This treatment is resorted to if trichomoniasis is detected in a pregnant woman. If for some reason this regimen is not suitable for the patient, then a course appointment is prescribed. The course of treatment can last, depending on the prescribed drug, from seven days to two weeks. Drugs such as tinidazole or ornidazole may be prescribed. In combination with vaginal suppositories, the disease can be cured forever.
Treatment for men
In addition to the main drug treatment, men should adhere to some rules of behavior and make some lifestyle and diet changes. Sexual contact is prohibited throughout the entire course of treatment. A urologist or venereologist will probably advise a man to exclude from his diet foods the consumption of which could create conditions favorable for the proliferation of Trichomonas.
It is also necessary to avoid eating excessively fatty, spicy and salty foods to reduce the load on the liver exposed to antibiotics. During treatment, a man must especially carefully observe hygiene standards, take a bath or shower twice a day, change his underwear daily and not use other people’s towels and washcloths. In some cases, the attending physician may prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures and prostate massage. These recommendations cannot be ignored.
How to cure trichomoniasis in women? This disease is especially dangerous if it is detected during pregnancy. Trichomoniasis can slow down the development of the fetus and also lead to various complications during childbirth. There is a risk of infection of the child during the passage of the birth canal.
Trichomoniasis can trigger the development of other infectious diseases and inflammatory processes. In some cases, acute urogenital trichomoniasis may occur, and the respiratory tract and lungs are also often affected. Even if a woman is not found to have active Trichomonas if her sexual partner has them, she must undergo a course of treatment. The transition of the disease to the active phase can be triggered by even small doses of alcohol or heavy fatty foods. Also, the development of trichomoniasis can be facilitated by an exacerbation of any chronic disease.
Urogenital and chronic trichomoniasis
In the case of urogenital trichomoniasis, physiotherapeutic procedures are necessary together with general and local drug treatment. Men also need prostate massage and urethral lavage. antiseptic solutions. A positive treatment outcome depends on correct selection a complex of therapeutic measures, including the use of general and local antibiotics, physiotherapeutic procedures, taking immunomodulatory drugs, medicines to restore the microflora of the mucous membranes of the genital organs.
Chronic trichomoniasis in men can be cured if all doctor's recommendations are followed. Opinions differ on whether chronic trichomoniasis can be completely cured. This disease is considered chronic if it lasts more than two months. Doctors also believe that the disease is chronic if it is impossible to determine the time of infection of the patient.
If the disease cannot be cured the first time, the doctor can use more effective drugs and prescribe additional treatment. Trichomoniasis can be completely cured without consequences.
The vast majority of antibacterial drugs do not affect Trichomonas. Therefore, special medications have been developed that inhibit the vital activity of Trichomonas. In addition to these remedies, local treatment methods are used, and drugs are prescribed to enhance immunity. In order for the treatment to be effective, medications are prescribed to stabilize cell membranes, as well as agents that increase the permeability of vascular walls.
Before using the recipes offered by alternative medicine, you should consult your doctor. Aloe juice is taken internally, as well as an alcohol tincture of calendula or calamus rhizome. Herbal decoctions are also used for douching. For this, plants such as calendula, celandine, and chamomile are used.
Garlic helps fight Trichomonas. The clove is placed in the vagina for two to three hours. It is also recommended to douche with a weak solution of table vinegar. It is unacceptable to cure trichomoniasis using only these methods at home; it will not bring results and will worsen the disease.
Is trichomoniasis completely curable?
The disease can be considered cured if control tests performed two months after the end of the course of treatment do not show the presence of active Trichomonas in the patient. The wide spread of this disease is explained by the difficulties of diagnosing it.
During a routine examination, even an experienced doctor may not recognize the presence of trichomonas, and the lack of timely treatment will lead to the disease becoming chronic. When conducting a bacteriological examination of a smear, Trichomonas can be isolated, but this method takes quite a long time. However, only this method can identify the type of pathogen and prescribe a set of therapeutic measures aimed at a complete and final cure of the patient.
Preventive measures involve a set of measures aimed at protecting against possible sexually transmitted diseases. First of all, the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases should include educational work in the field of a healthy lifestyle, the inadmissibility of casual and unprotected contacts, as well as contraceptive methods and ways of transmitting infectious diseases in the sexual sphere.
People with an active sex life should be careful when choosing a sexual partner. Also use contraceptives during sexual contact, the most reliable of which is the male condom.
Both women and men should undergo annual medical examination and be tested for the presence of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. It is imperative to treat all detected diseases under medical supervision, since the lack of adequate and timely treatment increases the risk of contracting Trichomonas.
Under no circumstances should you use other people's bath accessories and towels. It is necessary to change underwear daily. Treatment of trichomoniasis and subsequent observation by a venereologist is a guarantee against relapses of the disease and its transition to a chronic form. A timely set of medical measures will prevent complications of the disease.