Calculation of the dose of insulin (single and daily). Bumps from insulin Diabetes mellitus selection of insulin doses

A high concentration of glucose in the blood adversely affects all body systems. It is characteristic of type 1-2 diabetes. Sugar rises due to insufficient production of the hormone by the pancreas or its poor absorption. If diabetes is not compensated, then a person will face severe consequences (hyperglycemic coma, death). The basis of therapy is the introduction of artificial insulin of short and long exposure. Injections are required mainly for people with type 1 disease (insulin-dependent) and a severe course of the second type (insulin-independent). After receiving the results of the examination, the attending physician should tell how to calculate the dose of insulin.

Without studying special calculation algorithms, it is life-threatening to select the amount of insulin for injection, since a lethal dose can await a person. An incorrectly calculated dosage of the hormone will reduce blood glucose so much that the patient may lose consciousness and fall into a hypoglycemic coma. To prevent the consequences, the patient is recommended to purchase a glucometer for constant monitoring of sugar levels.

Correctly calculate the amount of the hormone due to the following tips:

  • Buy special scales for measuring portions. They must capture the mass down to fractions of a gram.
  • Write down the amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates consumed and try to take them in the same amount every day.
  • Carry out a weekly series of tests using a glucometer. In total, you need to perform 10-15 measurements per day before and after meals. The results obtained will allow you to more carefully calculate the dosage and make sure that the selected injection scheme is correct.

The amount of insulin in diabetes is selected depending on the carbohydrate ratio. It is a combination of two important nuances:

  • How much does 1 unit (unit) of insulin cover the carbohydrates consumed;
  • What is the degree of sugar reduction after an injection of 1 IU of insulin.

It is customary to calculate the sounded criteria experimentally. This is due to the individual characteristics of the body. The experiment is carried out in stages:

  • take insulin preferably half an hour before meals;
  • before eating, measure the concentration of glucose;
  • after the injection and the end of the meal, take measurements every hour;
  • focusing on the results obtained, add or reduce the dose by 1-2 units for full compensation;
  • the correct calculation of the dose of insulin will stabilize the sugar level. It is desirable to record the selected dosage and use it in the future course of insulin therapy.

High doses of insulin are used in type 1 diabetes, as well as after stress or injury. For people with the second type of illness, insulin therapy is not always prescribed and, when compensation is achieved, it is canceled, and treatment continues only with the help of tablets.

The dosage is calculated, regardless of the type of diabetes, based on such factors:

  • duration of the course of the disease. If the patient has been suffering from diabetes for many years, then only a large dosage reduces sugar.
  • Development of renal or hepatic failure. The presence of problems with internal organs requires a downward adjustment of the dose of insulin.
  • Excess weight. The calculation starts by multiplying the number of units of the drug by the body weight, so obese patients will need more medication than thin people.
  • The use of third-party or antihyperglycemic medications. Medications can increase or slow down the absorption of insulin, so when combining medication and insulin therapy, you will need to consult an endocrinologist.

It is better for a specialist to select formulas and dosage. He will evaluate the carbohydrate coefficient of the patient and, depending on his age, weight, as well as the presence of other diseases and medication, will draw up a treatment regimen.

Dosage calculation

The dosage of insulin in each case is different. It is affected by various factors during the day, so the glucometer should always be at hand to measure the level of sugar and make an injection. To calculate the required amount of the hormone, you do not need to know the molar mass of the insulin protein, but simply multiply it by the patient's weight (U * kg).

According to statistics, 1 unit is the maximum limit for 1 kg of body weight. Exceeding the allowable threshold does not improve compensation, but only increases the chances of developing complications associated with the development of hypoglycemia (sugar reduction). You can understand how to choose the dose of insulin by looking at the approximate indicators:

  • after the detection of diabetes, the basic dosage does not exceed 0.5 units;
  • after a year of successful treatment, the dose is left at 0.6 units;
  • if the course of diabetes is severe, then the amount of insulin rises to 0.7 units;
  • in the absence of compensation, a dose of 0.8 units is set;
  • after identifying complications, the doctor increases the dosage to 0.9 units;
  • if a pregnant girl suffers from type 1 diabetes, then the dosage is increased to 1 unit (mainly after 6 months of pregnancy).

Indicators may vary depending on the course of the disease and secondary factors affecting the patient. The algorithm below will tell you how to correctly calculate the insulin dosage by choosing the number of units for yourself from the list above:

  • For 1 time, the use of no more than 40 IU is allowed, and the daily limit varies from 70 to 80 IU.
  • How much to multiply the selected number of units depends on the weight of the patient. For example, a person weighing 85 kg and successfully compensating for diabetes for a year (0.6 units) should inject no more than 51 units per day (85 * 0.6 = 51).
  • Long-acting insulin is administered 2 times a day, so the final result is divided by 2 (51/2=25.5). In the morning, the injection should contain 2 times more units (34) than in the evening (17).
  • Short form insulin, should be taken before meals. It accounts for half of the maximum allowable dosage (25.5). It is divided into 3 times (40% breakfast, 30% lunch and 30% dinner).

If before the introduction of a short-acting hormone, glucose is already increased, then the calculation changes slightly:

  • 11-12 +2 ED;
  • 13-15 +4 ED;
  • 16-18 +6 units;
  • 18> + 12 units

The amount of carbohydrates consumed is displayed in bread units (25 g of bread or 12 g of sugar per 1 XU). Depending on the bread indicator, the amount of short-acting insulin is selected. The calculation is carried out as follows:

  • in the morning, 1 XE covers 2 U of the hormone;
  • at lunchtime, 1 XE covers 1.5 U of the hormone;
  • in the evening, the ratio of insulin and bread units is equal.

Calculation and technique of insulin administration

Doses and administration of insulin is an important knowledge for any diabetic. Depending on the type of disease, slight changes in the calculations are possible:

  • In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin completely. The patient has to inject short and long-acting hormone injections. To do this, the total number of allowable units of insulin per day is taken and divided by 2. The prolonged type of hormone is injected 2 times a day, and the short one is at least 3 times before meals.
  • In type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy is required if the disease is severe or if medical treatment fails. For treatment, long-acting insulin is used 2 times a day. The dosage for type 2 diabetes usually does not exceed 12 units at a time. A short-acting hormone is used for complete depletion of the pancreas.

After performing all the calculations, it is necessary to find out what kind of insulin administration technique exists:

  • wash your hands thoroughly;
  • disinfect the cork of the medicine bottle;
  • draw air into the syringe equivalent to the amount of injected insulin;
  • put the bottle on a flat surface and insert a needle through the cork;
  • release the air from the syringe, turn the vial upside down and draw up the medicine;
  • the syringe should contain 2-3 units more than the required amount of insulin;
  • stick out the syringe and squeeze out the remaining air from it, while adjusting the dosage;
  • disinfect the injection site;
  • inject the drug subcutaneously. If the dosage is large, then intramuscularly.
  • disinfect the syringe and injection site again.

Alcohol is used as an antiseptic. Wipe everything with a piece of cotton wool or a cotton swab. For better resorption, it is advisable to give an injection in the stomach. Periodically, the injection site can be changed on the shoulder and thigh.

How much does 1 unit of insulin reduce sugar

On average, 1 unit of insulin lowers the glucose concentration by 2 mmol/l. The value is checked experimentally. In some patients, sugar drops 1 time by 2 units, and then by 3-4, so it is recommended to constantly monitor the level of glycemia and inform your doctor about all changes.

How to use

The use of long-acting insulin creates the appearance of the pancreas. The introduction occurs half an hour before the first and last meal. Hormone of short and ultrashort action is applied before meals. The number of units in this case varies from 14 to 28. Various factors affect the dosage (age, other diseases and medications, weight, sugar level).

Modern methods allow to achieve excellent results in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. With the help of well-chosen drugs, you can significantly improve the quality of life of the patient, slow down or even prevent the development of serious complications.

The correct calculation of the dose of insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main points in therapy. In our review and a simple video instruction, we will learn how this injectable is dosed and how to use it correctly.

In diabetes mellitus, in addition to diet and taking oral hypoglycemic agents, such a method of treatment as insulin therapy is very common.

It consists in regular subcutaneous injection of insulin into the patient's body and is indicated for:

  • acute complications of diabetes - ketoacidosis, coma (hyperosmolar, diabetic, hyperlaccidemic);
  • pregnancy and childbirth in patients with diabetes or poorly treatable gestational diabetes;
  • significant decompensation or lack of effect from the standard;
  • development of diabetic nephropathy.

The scheme of insulin therapy is selected for each patient individually.

In this case, the doctor takes into account:

  • fluctuations in blood sugar levels in a patient;
  • the nature of the diet;
  • meal time;
  • the presence of comorbidities.

Traditional scheme

Traditional insulin therapy involves the introduction of fixed time and dose injections. Usually two injections are given (short and prolonged hormone) 2 r / day.

Despite the fact that such a scheme is simple and understandable to the patient, it has a lot of drawbacks. First of all, this is the lack of flexible adaptation of the hormone dose to the current glycemia.

In essence, the diabetic becomes hostage to a strict diet and injection schedule. Any deviation from the usual way of life can lead to a sharp jump in glucose and a deterioration in well-being.


To date, endocrinologists have practically abandoned such a treatment regimen.

It is prescribed only in cases where it is impossible to administer insulin in accordance with its physiological secretion:

  • in elderly patients with a low predicted life expectancy;
  • in patients with concomitant mental disorder;
  • in individuals who cannot independently control glycemia;
  • in diabetics requiring outside care (if it is impossible to provide it with high quality).

Basal Bolus Schedule

Let's remember the basics of physiology: a healthy pancreas produces insulin constantly. Some of it provides the so-called basal concentration of the hormone in the blood, and the other is stored in pancreatocytes.

A person will need it during meals: from the moment the meal begins and for 4-5 hours after it, insulin is abruptly released into the bloodstream to quickly absorb nutrients and prevent glycemia.


The basal bolus regimen means that insulin injections mimic the physiological secretion of the hormone. Its basal concentration is maintained by 1-2-fold administration of a long-acting drug. A bolus (peak) increase in the level of the hormone in the blood is created by “jumps” of short insulin before meals.

Important! During the selection of effective doses of insulin, you need to constantly monitor sugar. It is important for the patient to learn how to calculate the dosage of drugs in order to adapt them to the current glucose concentration.

Basal rate calculation

We have already found out that basal insulin is necessary to maintain normal fasting glycemia. If there is a need for insulin therapy, its injections are prescribed to patients with both DM 1 and DM 2. Popular drugs today are Levemir, Lantus, Protafan, Tujeo, Tresiba.


Important! The effectiveness of the entire treatment depends on how correctly the dose of prolonged insulin is calculated.

There are several formulas for the selection of prolonged-acting insulin (IPD). It is most convenient to use the method of coefficients.

According to it, the daily volume of total insulin administered (TDI) should be (IU / kg):

  • 0.4-0.5 - with newly diagnosed diabetes;
  • 0.6 - for patients with diabetes (detected a year or more ago) in satisfactory compensation;
  • 0.7 - with unstable compensation of SD;
  • 0.8 - with decompensation of the disease;
  • 0.9 - for patients with ketoacidosis;
  • 1.0 - for patients during puberty or in late pregnancy.

Of these, less than 50% (and usually 30-40%) is a prolonged form of the drug, divided into 2 injections. But these are only average values. During the selection of a suitable dosage, the patient must constantly determine the level of sugar and enter it in a special table.

Self-monitoring table for patients with diabetes:

The Notes column should indicate:

  • nutritional features (what foods, how much was eaten, etc.);
  • level of physical activity;
  • taking medication;
  • insulin injections (name of the drug, dose);
  • unusual situations, stress;
  • alcohol intake, etc.;
  • weather changes;
  • well-being.

Usually the daily dose of IPD is divided into two injections: morning and evening. It is usually not possible to select the required amount of the hormone needed by the patient before bedtime. This can lead to episodes of both hypo- and hyperglycemia the next morning.


Glucometer - a simple device for self-monitoring

To calculate the starting evening dose of prolonged insulin, you need to know how many mmol / l 1 unit of the drug reduces blood sugar. This parameter is called the insulin sensitivity coefficient (IRF). It is calculated by the formula:

CFI (for prolonged ins.) \u003d 63 kg / diabetic weight, kg × 4.4 mmol / l

It is interesting. The more body weight a person has, the weaker insulin acts on him.

DM (at night) = Minimum difference between blood sugar levels before bedtime and in the morning (for the last 3-5 days) / CNI (for extended ins.)

Round the resulting value to the nearest 0.5 units and use. However, do not forget that over time, if the glycemia in the morning on an empty stomach is higher or lower than the usual values, the dose of the drug can and should be adjusted.

Note! With a few exceptions (pregnancy, puberty, acute infection), endocrinologists do not recommend the use of a nightly dose of the drug above 8 IU. If, according to the calculations, more hormone is required, then something is wrong with the diet.

Bolus calculation

But most of the questions from patients are related to how to correctly calculate the dose of short-acting insulin (IRD). The introduction of ICD is carried out in a dosage calculated by bread units (XE).


The drugs of choice are Rinsulin, Humulin, Aktrapid, Biogulin. Soluble human insulin is currently practically not used: it has been completely replaced by synthetic analogues that are not inferior in quality (read more).

For reference. A bread unit is a conditional indicator that is used to approximate the carbohydrate content of a particular product. 1 XE is equal to 20 g of bread and, accordingly, 10 g of carbohydrates.


Table. XE content in some products:

Product unit of measurement XE
White bread 1 piece 1
Rye bread 1 piece 1
Cracker 3 pcs. 1
boiled pasta 1 plate (100 g) 2
Rice porrige 1 plate (100 g) 2
Oatmeal 1 plate (100 g) 2
Buckwheat 1 plate (100 g) 2
Milk 2.5% 1 glass 0,8
Kefir 1 glass 0,8
Cottage cheese 1 st. l. 0,1
Hard cheese 1 slice 0
Butter 1 tsp 0,01
Sunflower oil 1 tsp 1
Boiled beef 1 portion (60 g) 0
Pork stew 1 portion (60 g) 0,2
Fried chicken, boiled 1 portion (60 g) 0
Doctor's sausage 1 slice 0,1
Fish 1 portion (60 g) 0
White cabbage 1 portion (100 g) 0,4
Potato 1 portion (100 g) 1,33
cucumbers 1 portion (100 g) 0,1
Tomatoes 1 portion (100 g) 0,16
Apple 1 PC. 0,8
Banana 1 PC. 1,6
strawberries 1 glass 1,5
Grape 1 glass 3

In general, the daily requirement for carbohydrates varies for a particular patient from 70 to 300 g per day.

This value can be divided as follows:

  • breakfast - 4-8 XE;
  • lunch - 2-4 XE;
  • dinner - 2-4 XE;
  • snacks in total (second breakfast, afternoon snack) - 3-4 XE.

Usually ICD injections are done three times a day - before the main meals (snacks are not taken into account).

At the same time, the dose of the drug can and should change in accordance with the patient's diet and blood glucose levels, given that:

  • 1 XE increases blood glucose levels by 1.7-2.7 mmol/l;
  • the introduction of 1 unit of ICD reduces glycemia by an average of 2.2 mmol/l.

Let's look at an example:

  • A patient with DM 1 has been ill for 4 years, the compensation is satisfactory. Weight - 60 kg.
  • We calculate SDDI: 0.6 × 60 kg = 36 units.
  • 50% of SSDI is IPD = 18 units, of which 12 units before breakfast and 6 units at night.
  • 50% of SSDI is ADI = 18 units, of which before breakfast - 6-8 units, lunch - 4-6 units, dinner - 4-6 units.

Since diabetes is a chronic disease with a long course, great attention should be paid to patient education. The doctor's task is not only to prescribe a medicine, but also to explain the mechanism of its effect on the body, and also to tell how to adjust the dosage of insulin from the level of glycemia.

There is a reason for absolutely everything. So the bump from the injection on the buttock just does not arise. If the technique of intramuscular injection is violated, an inflammatory process can start, leading to compaction at the injection site, redness, soreness and swelling of this area. We list the main, often occurring, causes of the appearance of "bumps":

1. Accelerated drug administration. In this case, the drug simply simply does not have time to be evenly distributed in the muscle tissue, it remains in one place, forming a seal from the injection, which can become inflamed over time.

2. Insufficient length of the needle. Some people who give injections at home on their own or with the help of loved ones mistakenly believe that it is best to use the thinnest possible needles and use insulin syringes for injections into the buttocks. An insufficiently long needle does not reach the muscle, and the drug substance is injected into the subcutaneous fat layer. The same effect will be if a syringe with an adequate needle length is taken, but during the procedure the needle entered less than half.

3. Muscle tension. From childhood, we all remember the nurses' phrase before giving an injection "relax your ass." In a tense muscle, the medicine will not be able to quickly dissolve and an infiltrate may form after the injection, in simple terms - a “bump”. Also, the main and rather serious danger of an injection into a tense hard muscle is that the needle may break, and then the fragment will have to be removed surgically. Therefore, during the injection, relax and do not agree to inject while standing.

4. Some drugs have an oily texture. They must be injected into the muscle more slowly than others, it is desirable to warm them up to body temperature before administration.

5. An allergic reaction to medications is rare. An allergic infiltrate from an injection has its own characteristics: the speed of occurrence, swelling and redness of the injection site, sometimes itching. In such cases, you should immediately notify your doctor so that he takes the necessary measures to correct therapy.

Bump after injection How to cure

Sugar level

At home, you can successfully remove bumps from injections on the pope. However, if you experience symptoms such as a local increase in temperature at the injection site, pronounced swelling, redness and soreness of this area, in no case self-medicate, immediately seek the advice of a surgeon. In such cases, there is a risk of developing an abscess, which is treated exclusively by surgery. In order not to bring it to this, the seal after the injection must be treated in a timely manner.

How to treat bumps from injections:

1. Gently massage the injection site to improve local blood circulation and accelerate the resorption of the infiltrate.

2. The simplest and most well-known tool is the iodine mesh. Draw a mesh with a cotton swab dipped in iodine solution. It is necessary to do this procedure 2-3 times a day.

3. The next most popular remedy is applying a juicy cabbage leaf or aloe leaf at night (you need to cut the leaf and attach it with the juicy side). This method is known from our grandmothers, it is really effective, and many doctors recommend it for the treatment of inflammatory post-injection infiltrates.

4. Compress with "Dimexide" diluted with vodka in a ratio of 1:4. It is advisable to pre-lubricate the skin with an anti-inflammatory cream.

Despite its unpleasant specific smell, "Dimexide" is a very effective remedy and, moreover, it is inexpensive, which is also important.

5. Local use of troxerutin preparations or heparin ointment. It will relieve inflammation and anesthetize the area with a bump. There are also effective and easy-to-use gels, also made on the basis of heparin.

6. Excellently proven in the treatment of inflammatory processes, which are the "bumps" from injections, homeopathic ointment based on herbs "Traumeel S". Due to its unique composition, this ointment is able to eliminate bumps after injections on the buttocks in the shortest possible time. Other homeopathic ointments based on arnica have a similar effect.

The folk advice and medicines listed above, with the timely start of treatment, will help get rid of the “bumps” from injections and avoid unpleasant complications.

And, finally, I would like to say, please trust the recommendations of qualified doctors and use time-tested remedies. You should not look on the Internet and test on yourself dubious advice to attach a piece of fat or a compress from urine to the “bump”. If only as a joke! Be healthy!

Do you still think there is no cure for diabetes?

Judging by the fact that you are now reading these lines, victory in the fight against high blood sugar is not on your side yet ...

And have you already thought about inpatient treatment? It is understandable, because diabetes is a very dangerous disease, which, if not treated in time, can be fatal. Constant thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision ... All these symptoms are familiar to you firsthand.

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EtoDiabet.com » All about insulin » Important information about insulin

Folk remedies for bumps caused by injections

Alternative treatment for such a problem is very effective and can quickly eliminate the bumps caused by injections.

  • An effective remedy for getting rid of bumps after injections is propolis tincture, which can be easily purchased at any pharmacy. For treatment, the skin area around the bump is abundantly smeared with baby cream and a cotton pad moistened with tincture is applied to the seal. Fix it with adhesive tape. On the day do 1 procedure lasting 3 hours. The course of treatment is 10 days.
  • Cabbage leaves and honey perfectly save even from old cones. For therapy, you need to take 1 leaf of cabbage and beat it well with a hammer. After that, put 1 teaspoon of honey on the surface of the sheet and smear it lightly. The leaf is applied to the cone with the honey side and fixed with a plaster. Leave cabbage all night. Such treatment continues, depending on the rate of resorption of the bumps, from 7 to 14 days.
  • Aloe is a very effective cure for bumps. In order to use a plant in treatment, you need to pick 1 leaf from it and put it in the refrigerator for 24 hours. After that, you need to cook gruel from the sheet. It is put in place of the cones, covered with polyethylene on top and, fixed with a plaster, insulated with a woolen cloth. This compress is placed for the whole night. Treatment is carried out until the bump resolves, but no more than 15 days. If during this time the neoplasm has not disappeared, you should seek medical help.
  • Pickled cucumbers are an excellent remedy for seals formed due to injections. In order to use them as a medicine, you need to take 1 cucumber, cut it into thin circles and apply them in several layers to the seal. From above, the cucumber is covered with polyethylene and fixed with adhesive tape. The effect of the compress lasts throughout the night. In most cases, the patient feels a noticeable improvement in the morning. The entire treatment takes 5 to 7 days.
  • Banana peel is also an excellent remedy for prick bumps. For treatment, a piece is cut off from the peel, the size of which will completely close the seal, and applied to the sore spot with the inside. After fixing the peel with a plaster, it is left for the whole night. This treatment is continued for 10-14 days. In most cases, the lump begins to decrease in size after 3 days of therapy.
  • A cranberry compress is also very effective for tightness caused by a prick. To carry it out, 1 tablespoon of cranberry berries is crushed and spread on gauze folded 2 times. Then the agent is applied to the affected area, covered with polyethylene, fixed with a plaster and left for 12 hours. Make this compress in the evening. The duration of treatment directly depends on the speed of recovery.
  • Lilac leaves also eliminate bumps quickly. For treatment, it is enough to simply apply a crushed leaf of the plant to the affected area and replace it every 3 hours. At night, the leaves are laid in 3-4 layers. Usually recovery occurs within a week.

home remedies

Practical, effective, convenient means for treating seals after injections are always in the arsenal of any housewife. Popular folk methods will help get rid of the unpleasant consequences of insulin therapy. These recipes have been tested by diabetic patients. They provide proven results.

Pure honey and honey cake

A sore spot can be lubricated with natural honey.

Natural natural medicine will come to the rescue in the fight against insulin bumps. Honey can be smeared with compacted places, leaving for two hours. And they make a healing cake from it. To do this, take an egg, a tablespoon of honey and butter. Flour is poured over the eyes. Knead a non-liquid, but also loose cake. It is kept in the refrigerator. Each time a piece is plucked from it and a circle is made. Its diameter should correspond to the size of the seal, and the thickness should be up to a centimeter. The circle is applied to the seal and fixed with a bandage or bandage. It is left overnight or kept for an hour.

How to use potatoes for seals?

Raw potatoes are used to treat insulin bumps. To do this, a well-washed raw potato is cut lengthwise in half. After that, each half is applied to the subcutaneous seals. Potato juice will help soften and reduce bumps. A gruel is prepared from a peeled tuber, for this they rub it on a fine grater. Spread it on a bandage, and make a compress.

Cucumber in the treatment of cones

Pickled cucumber helps to cope with seals at the injection site. It is cut into thin slices. Rings of the appropriate size are applied to the cones and attached with a patch. Such a compress is kept for a long time, done at night. By morning, the seals disappear or are significantly reduced in size. If necessary, the procedure is carried out the next night.

Other home helpers

Cabbage leaf fights well with such formations.

Cabbage leaves are an excellent remedy for the treatment of insulin infiltrates. Fresh leaves are slightly incised, beaten with a hammer so that they let the juice flow. They are applied to the cones up to 3 times a day. You can add honey if you are not allergic to its components. The only minus of cabbage is the inconvenience of moving. Therefore, it is good to apply it in the evening before bedtime, or during a planned rest. An effective, proven recipe is aloe leaves. For treatment, the lower leaves of the plant are needed. They are cut and left in the refrigerator for a day. Then they wash it, remove the sharp edges, and beat it with a meat mallet until a healing gruel is obtained. It is applied to the bandage and fixed to the area of ​​the bumps.

Medical treatment for cones

For drug treatment of cones, multicomponent ointments are used. They have a resolving, anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effect.

Bumps from injections on the arm, outer thigh or buttocks can be cured using proven and trusted ointments:

How to apply ointments:

Vishnevsky ointment or balsamic liniment is applied as a compress for 3 hours, once a day. For treatment, you need to do procedures within one or two weeks.

Massage is done with heparin ointment and troxevasin. It is necessary to do a massage with ointment, strictly in the direction of the muscle.

Magnesium sulfate compress

Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic substance widely used in medicine. At the pharmacy, you can buy a ready-made solution of magnesium sulfate or a mixture to prepare it.

For the treatment of bumps, we make a compress for the night: you need to moisten a bandage or cotton swab in a solution of magnesium sulfate and put it on the bump. Cover the compress with cling film on top and fix it well with a gauze bandage.

iodine mesh

The most affordable, simple and common way to treat and prevent bumps from injections. Take a cotton swab, soak it well in food and apply an iodine mesh to the injection site. You need to do this procedure three times a day.

For treatment, the iodine mesh is used in combination with other methods, for a better result. During the course of intramuscular injections, an iodine grid is recommended to be done to prevent the occurrence of bumps.

How to remove bumps after insulin

The main rule for patients with diabetes is not to inject insulin for a long time in the same place. It is recommended to alternate areas for injections, for example, replace the abdomen or thighs with buttocks and shoulder blades. If you can’t stab yourself in new places, it’s better to seek help. For resorption of compacted infiltrates, it is enough to leave their location without injection effects for a month, and also follow the rules of personal hygiene. At the same time, use disposable syringes as expected, without extending their service life. For the treatment of seals, use pharmacological absorbable preparations, physiotherapy, herbal and natural remedies.

Why do bumps appear from insulin injections?

The patient needs the hypoglycemic hormone several times a day, so the patient does not have the opportunity to frequently change the place of injections, which leads to the appearance of painful tubercles. Lipodystrophic bumps represent a compaction of adipose tissue, and have the appearance of elevations rising above the skin. There are also lipoatrophies - small compacted depressions at the injection sites. The main reason for the appearance of bumps is the repeated use of insulin needles. Patients save syringes and inject more than a week with the same needle. With their prolonged use, the end becomes dull and injures the epidermis. In the subcutaneous layer, inflammation occurs.

Why did a bump appear after the injection

With a properly made injection, the medicine prescribed by the doctor enters the muscle layer, quickly dissolves there and passes through the tissues of the body, providing a therapeutic effect. If a bump appears at the injection site and does not resolve for a long time, this indicates that mistakes were made during the injection procedure.

Why a bump from injections can form on the buttock:

The nurse injected the drug too quickly.
The syringe has the wrong needle size. This means that the needle is shorter than it should be. In this case, the medicine does not enter the muscle, but into the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, where it is very difficult for it to dissolve - hence the compaction.
Unprofessional procedure. In which the needle is also not inserted deep enough and does not enter the muscle. This happens when one of the family members makes an injection, feels sorry for the patient and is afraid to deliver pain.
muscle strain

During the injection, it is important to relax the muscles. But now in the treatment room, they usually don’t offer patients to lie down, which is right, but they give injections while standing.

Once in a tense muscle, the drug is not distributed evenly, and as a result, a painful hematoma appears.
Oil injections. Before the procedure, the oil solution must be warmed up and injected very slowly. If these rules are not followed, a complication arises in the form of painful seals.
Cotton prick. The use of cotton is believed to reduce pain from injections. The needle in this case is inserted at a right angle, quickly and sharply. And, as a result, the drug is also injected too quickly, and the drug does not have time to be distributed evenly.
Damaged blood vessel. In which some blood flows out. In this place, swelling, redness and compaction appear.
Allergy to the administered drug. In this case, in addition to the appearance of a bump, you will be disturbed by itching, redness, and a temperature is possible.
Hitting the nerve endings. If the procedure is not performed correctly, you can get into the sciatic nerve. In this case, you may feel numbness in the buttocks and legs.
Infection. A non-sterile instrument, contact of the needle before insertion with any surfaces leads to the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the tissues. The result is inflammation and sepsis. Symptoms of sepsis, in addition to bumps, are burning, redness, severe pain, purulent discharge, high fever.
Increased muscle sensitivity. This is a rather rare occurrence, but in this case, the muscles react sharply to any intervention. As a result, a connective tissue is formed at the injection site, which looks like a scar and a seal.

To improve the quality of life, each insulin-dependent diabetic should be able to independently calculate the daily doses of insulin he needs, and not shift this responsibility to doctors who may not always be nearby. Having mastered the basic formulas for calculating insulin, you can avoid an overdose of the hormone, as well as take the disease under control.

General calculation rules

An important rule in the algorithm for calculating the dose of insulin is the patient's need for no more than 1 unit of the hormone for every kilogram of weight. If you ignore this rule, then there will be an overdose of insulin, which can lead to a critical condition - hypoglycemic coma. But for the exact selection of the dose of insulin, it is necessary to take into account the degree of compensation for the disease:

  • In the early stages of type 1 disease, the required dose of insulin is selected at the rate of no more than 0.5 units of the hormone per kilogram of weight.
  • If type 1 diabetes is well compensated for a year, then the maximum dose of insulin will be 0.6 units of the hormone per kilogram of body weight.
  • In severe type 1 diabetes and constant fluctuations in blood glucose levels, up to 0.7 units of the hormone per kilogram of weight are required.
  • In the case of decompensated diabetes, the dose of insulin will be 0.8 U/kg;
  • With gestational diabetes mellitus - 1.0 U / kg.

So, the calculation of the dose of insulin occurs according to the following algorithm: Daily dose of insulin (ED) * Total body weight / 2.

Example: If the daily dose of insulin is 0.5 units, then it must be multiplied by body weight, for example 70 kg. 0.5 * 70 \u003d 35. The resulting number 35 must be divided by 2. You get the number 17.5, which must be rounded down, that is, you get 17. It turns out that the morning dose of insulin will be 10 units, and the evening - 7.

What dose of insulin is needed for 1 bread unit

A grain unit is a concept that was introduced in order to make it easier to calculate the dose of insulin administered immediately before a meal. Here, not all products that contain carbohydrates are taken into account in the calculation of bread units, but only “countable” ones:

  • potatoes, beets, carrots;
  • grain products;
  • sweet fruits;
  • sweets.

In Russia, one bread unit corresponds to 10 grams of carbohydrates. It equates to one bread unit a slice of white bread, one medium-sized apple, two teaspoons of sugar. If one bread unit enters an organism that is unable to produce insulin on its own, then the level of glycemia increases in the range from 1.6 to 2.2 mmol / l. That is, these are exactly the indicators by which glycemia decreases if one unit of insulin is injected.

From this it follows that for each accepted bread unit, it is required to pre-administer about 1 unit of insulin. That is why, it is recommended that all diabetics acquire a table of bread units in order to make the most accurate calculations. In addition, before each injection, it is necessary to control glycemia, that is, to find out the level of sugar in the blood using a glucometer.

If the patient has hyperglycemia, that is, high sugar, it is necessary to add the required number of units of the hormone to the appropriate number of bread units. With hypoglycemia, the dose of the hormone will be less.

Example: If a diabetic has a sugar level of 7 mmol / l half an hour before a meal, and he plans to eat 5 XE, he needs to inject one unit of short-acting insulin. Then the initial blood sugar will decrease from 7 mmol / l to 5 mmol / l. Also, in order to compensate for 5 bread units, it is necessary to introduce 5 units of the hormone, the total dose of insulin is 6 units.

How to choose the dose of insulin in the syringe?

To fill a regular syringe with a volume of 1.0-2.0 ml with the right amount of medicine, it is necessary to calculate the division price of the syringe. To do this, you need to determine the number of divisions in 1 ml of the instrument. The hormone of domestic production is sold in bottles of 5.0 ml. 1 ml is 40 units of the hormone. 40 units of the hormone must be divided by the number that will be obtained by counting the divisions in 1 ml of the instrument.

Example: There are 10 divisions in 1 ml syringe. 40:10 = 4 units. That is, 4 units of insulin are placed in one division of the syringe. The dose of insulin to be injected should be divided by the price of one division, so you get the number of divisions on the syringe that must be filled with insulin.

There are also syringe pens that contain a special flask filled with a hormone. When you press or turn the button on the syringe, insulin is injected subcutaneously. Until the moment of injection, it is necessary to set the desired dose in syringe pens, which will enter the patient's body.

How to administer insulin: general rules

The introduction of insulin takes place according to the following algorithm (when the required amount of medication has already been calculated):

  1. Hands should be disinfected, put on medical gloves.
  2. Roll the medicine bottle in your hands so that it is evenly mixed, disinfect the lid and cork.
  3. Draw air into the syringe in the amount in which the hormone will be injected.
  4. Put the bottle of medicine vertically on the table, remove the cap from the needle and insert it into the bottle through the cork.
  5. Press the syringe so that air from it enters the vial.
  6. Turn the bottle upside down and draw into the syringe 2-4 units more than the dose that should enter the body.
  7. Remove the needle from the vial, release the air from the syringe, adjusting the dose to the required.
  8. The place where the injection will be made should be disinfected twice with a piece of cotton wool and an antiseptic.
  9. Inject insulin subcutaneously (with a large dose of the hormone, the injection is done intramuscularly).
  10. Treat the injection site and the instruments used.

For rapid absorption of the hormone (if the injection is subcutaneous), it is recommended to inject into the abdomen. If the injection is given in the thigh, the absorption will be slow and incomplete. An injection in the buttocks, the shoulder has an average suction rate.

Extended insulin and its dose (video)

Long-term insulin is prescribed to patients in order to maintain normal fasting blood glucose levels so that the liver has the opportunity to produce glucose constantly (and this is necessary for the brain to work), because with diabetes the body cannot do it on its own.

Extended insulin is administered once every 12 or 24 hours, depending on the type of insulin (today, two effective types of insulin are used - Levemir and Lantus). How to correctly calculate the required dose of prolonged insulin, says in the video a specialist in diabetes control:

Knowing how to correctly calculate insulin doses is a skill that every insulin-dependent diabetic should master. If you choose the wrong dose of insulin, then an overdose can occur, which, if not provided in time, can be fatal. Proper doses of insulin are essential for a diabetic's well-being.

Today, the cheapest and most common way to administer insulin to the body is to use disposable syringes.

Due to the fact that less concentrated solutions of the hormone were produced earlier, 1 ml contained 40 units of insulin, so it was possible to find syringes in the pharmacy designed for a concentration of 40 units / ml.

Today, 1 ml of the solution contains 100 units of insulin; appropriate insulin syringes of 100 units/ml are used for its administration.

Since both types of syringes are currently on sale, it is important for diabetics to carefully understand the dosage and be able to correctly calculate the input rate.

Otherwise, with their illiterate use, severe hypoglycemia may occur.

Markup Features

So that diabetics can freely navigate, a graduation is applied to the insulin syringe, which corresponds to the concentration of the hormone in the vial. Moreover, each marking division on the cylinder indicates the number of units, and not milliliters of the solution.

So, if the syringe is designed for a concentration of U40, on the markup, where 0.5 ml is usually indicated, there is an indicator of 20 units, at the level of 1 ml 40 units are indicated.

In this case, one insulin unit is 0.025 ml of the hormone. Thus, the U100 syringe has a reading of 100 units instead of 1 ml, and 50 units at the level of 0.5 ml.

In diabetes, it is important to use an insulin syringe with only the right concentration. For 40 U/ml insulin, a U40 syringe must be purchased, and for 100 U/ml, the appropriate U100 syringe must be used.

What happens if you use the wrong insulin syringe? For example, if a solution is drawn into a U100 syringe from a vial with a concentration of 40 units / ml, instead of the expected 20 units, only 8 units will be obtained, which is more than half the required dosage. Similarly, when using a U40 syringe and a solution of 100 units / ml, instead of the required dose of 20 units, 50 units will be dialed.

In order for diabetics to accurately determine the required amount of insulin, the developers came up with an identification mark that can be used to distinguish one type of insulin syringe from another.

In particular, the U40 syringe, sold today in pharmacies, has a red protective cap, and the U 100 has an orange one.

Insulin syringe pens, which are designed for a concentration of 100 units / ml, have a similar graduation. Therefore, in the event of a device breakdown, it is important to take this feature into account and purchase only U 100 syringes at the pharmacy.

Otherwise, if the wrong choice is made, a severe overdose is possible, which can lead to coma and even death of the patient.

Therefore, it is better to purchase a set of necessary tools in advance, which will always be kept at hand, and warn yourself against danger.

Needle length features

In order not to make a mistake in the dosage, it is also important to choose the right length needles. As you know, they are removable and non-removable type.

Today they are produced in lengths of 8 and 12.7 mm. They are not made shorter, as some insulin vials still have thick stoppers.

Also, the needles have a certain thickness, which is indicated by the G symbol with a number. The diameter of the needle determines how painful the insulin will be injected. When using thinner needles, the injection on the skin is practically not felt.

Determining the division value

Today, in a pharmacy, you can buy an insulin syringe, the volume of which is 0.3, 0.5 and 1 ml. You can find out the exact capacity by looking at the back of the package.

Most often, diabetics use 1 ml syringes for insulin therapy, in which a scale of three types can be applied:

  • Consisting of 40 units;
  • Consisting of 100 units;
  • Graduated in milliliters.

In some cases, syringes marked with two scales at once may be sold.

How is the division price determined?

The first step is to find out how much the total volume of the syringe is, these indicators are usually indicated on the package.

In this case, only the intervals are counted. For example, for a U40 syringe the calculation is ¼=0.25 ml, and for a U100 it is 1/10=0.1 ml. If the syringe has millimeter divisions, no calculations are required, since the number placed indicates the volume.

After that, the volume of the small division is determined. To this end, you need to count the number of all small divisions between one large one. Further, the volume of the large division calculated earlier is divided by the number of small ones.

After the calculations are made, you can dial the required amount of insulin.

How to calculate the dosage

The hormone insulin is produced in standard packages and is dosed in biological units of action, which are designated as units. Usually one bottle with a capacity of 5 ml contains 200 units of the hormone. If you make calculations, it turns out that in 1 ml of the solution there are 40 units of the drug.

The introduction of insulin is best done using a special insulin syringe, which indicates divisions in units. When using standard syringes, it is necessary to carefully calculate how many units of the hormone are included in each division.

To do this, you need to be guided that 1 ml contains 40 units, based on this, you need to divide this indicator by the number of divisions.

So, with an indicator of one division of 2 units, the syringe is filled with eight divisions to inject 16 units of insulin to the patient. Similarly, with an indicator of 4 units, four divisions are filled with the hormone.

One vial of insulin is intended for repeated use. The unused solution is stored in the refrigerator on the shelf, while it is important that the medicine does not freeze. When using long-acting insulin, before drawing it into the syringe, the vial is shaken until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

After removing from the refrigerator, the solution must be warmed to room temperature, holding it for half an hour in the room.

How to get the right medicine

After the syringe, needle and tweezers are sterilized, the water is carefully drained. During the cooling of the instruments, the aluminum cap is removed from the vial, the cork is wiped with an alcohol solution.

After that, with the help of tweezers, the syringe is removed and collected, while touching the piston and tip with your hands is impossible. After assembly, a thick needle is installed and by pressing the piston, the rest of the water is removed.

The piston must be installed just above the desired mark. The needle pierces the rubber stopper, descends 1-1.5 cm deep, and the air remaining in the syringe is squeezed out into the vial. After that, the needle rises along with the vial and insulin is drawn up 1-2 divisions more than the required dosage.

The needle is pulled out of the cork and removed, a new thin needle is installed in its place with the help of tweezers. To remove air, you need to press the piston a little, after which two drops of the solution should drain from the needle. When all the manipulations are done, you can safely inject insulin.