Blackthorn and sandy cherries. Seedlings from seeds of local forms of ungrafted apricots, the so-called poles, are more winter-hardy than those grown from seeds of cultivated varieties. Cherry plum as a rootstock is best used in cases where you are going to grow apricots on moist loamy soils. Under these conditions, its trees grow better and bear fruit precisely on the rootstocks of cherry plum than on poles.

Quince ordinary- seedlings of varieties and forms of common quince, the most winter-hardy in the area, are used as rootstocks.

Japanese quince (Chenomeles)- the best forms of chaenomeles are grafted onto stocks of common quince, pear, shadberry, hawthorn.

viburnum- cuttings and eyes of varietal viburnum can be grafted into the crown on seedlings of common viburnum.

Dogwood- Seedlings of cultivars or wild-growing dogwood are used as rootstocks.

Plum- for this crop, seedlings of local forms of cherry plum are most often used as rootstocks, less often of local red plum. Can be used for this purpose

It is better to take all the breeding work into your own hands, now I carry out the grafting on the stock myself. For reliable results, it is enough to follow two fundamental rules.

The main one is to make sure that the grafted stalk is still sleeping, and there is still no movement of juices in it, and violent growth has already begun on the rootstock (the tree to which the stalk is grafted).

For this in early spring, without waiting for the start of sap flow, I cut off healthy branches from the fruit tree I like and save them for grafting, placing them in the refrigerator or cold cellar. While the branches will be dormant there, the rootstock trees in the garden will begin to actively develop. And only after they begin to have an intense movement of juices, which can be recognized by the swelling of the kidneys, should one begin to vaccinate.

: best and convenient way vaccinations - insert the scion into the split of the rootstock branch.

This method had to be somewhat modernized, after which it rarely fails me - the cuttings take root well.

Most of all I have problems with the preservation of scion cuttings in the refrigerator. They either dry up or rot.

wild fruit trees suitable for transplantation, I did not find in the district. But on the stumps of dead apple trees, I found several wild shoots growing in a bunch from one root. I do not know what prompted me, but I took and planted these shoots. I did this just in case, maybe some will not take root. Soon I was surprised to find that they all grow safely. An attempt to separate them from the stump for transplantation was futile. Given the fact that the branches grew high, I tried to cover their trunks with fertile soil to the level of the scion.

This is how they do it with indoor plants in pots. And in order to encourage the plants to intensively develop their own root system, at the lowest point at the stump on each branch trunk, the bark was slightly disturbed. Of course, I had to water my nursery regularly.

By autumn, I found that each branch gave intensive roots. It remains only to separate the shoots from the main mother hemp and transplant into Right place. Thus, from one dead apple tree, I was able to get several seedlings of different - depending on the scion - proven varieties. There were enough seedlings not only for me, but also for friends and neighbors.

Pear grafting on mountain ash

I want to tell you about another breeding experiment that brought amazing results. In my garden there is a very tasty and very productive one with large fruits, but of an unknown variety. This pear bears abundant fruit every year. Fearing to lose this variety, I grafted a pear stalk to a mountain ash. Somewhere I heard that this can be done. The graft has successfully taken root.

Convinced that the mountain ash can be a good parent stock, and the grafted branch begins to produce delicious pear fruits, I began to graft all the bushes of wild mountain ash growing in my area. And so that his friends would not envy him, in the spring he planted several young rowan bushes in the forest and in the field. I hoped that in the fall, having convinced myself of success, it would be possible to transplant the mountain ash or give it to neighbors. However, after some time, when the cuttings took root, the bushes marked with a white ribbon were dug by the villagers without any permission.

Cleavage grafting

Now I’ll tell you a little about the pear grafting technique I use. I liked the split grafting, but somewhat modernized. Usually, from among the cuttings stored in the refrigerator, I carefully select those suitable for grafting. It is important that they are intact and dormant, but alive (not withered and without rot). Each of them should have at least two to three full-fledged kidneys.

Focusing on the diameter of the cutting, I pre-select a place for it on the rootstock. I cut the branch on the stock for grafting transversely. Then I take the selected cutting and cut off its butt in the form of a wedge. You need to try to make this wedge as long as possible and sharp at the end. After all, the larger the area of ​​​​contact of the grafted cutting with the branch of the mother tree, the more confidence that the scion will receive enough moisture and nutrients.

It is more difficult to cut a wedge of the correct shape in the rootstock split. It took me a long time to learn how to make wedge-shaped cuts in the mother tree. Fortunately, it began to succeed, and after consolidating the skills, it turned out that it was not at all difficult. First, I cut the cut branch to the length of the graft contact, and then, moving the knife in the opposite direction, I form a cut into a reverse wedge on one side and the other, corresponding in shape to the cut made on the grafted cutting. It remains only to carefully insert the stalk with a wedge on the butt into the resulting incision. It must be placed so that the surfaces of the wedge of the scion and the cut in the rootstock coincide as much as possible and fit snugly against each other. After that, it is enough to fix the connection with electrical tape, wrapping it on top with the adhesive surface outward. It is advisable to use a light-colored tape. I think that the dark tape, heating up in the sun, will lead to overheating of the joint, which can complicate the process of engraftment.

There is one more important point in the cutting grafting technology, the tool you are going to work with must be well sharpened, cleaned and disinfected with an alcohol-containing solution.

It should be remembered that the main condition for success is the grafting of a cutting with unblown buds to a tree with buds that have begun to bloom. This delay should be at least two weeks. Store your cutting in the refrigerator and watch the rootstock come to life. It is advisable to vaccinate in cloudy weather and in the late afternoon.

There are gardeners who are convinced that grafting a pear on an irga will not work. It grafts well and begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years. Good supports are needed not only because it can break at the grafting site, but because the crop is such that you have to strengthen each branch. Otherwise, it will break off under the weight of the fruit. Below is an irga, and at the top is a pear. What vaccinations do you know that are considered as if unusual, incompatible?

One enchanted Siberian gardener wrote that he did not believe in grafting a pear on a chokeberry (chokeberry). Send at least one photo, he writes. I send. A branch with chokeberry fruits is circled in red.

Pear on the irga, though still in the spring.

And an apple tree on the irga.

Such a vaccination - an apricot on a turn, is also considered by many to be unusual and incompatible. And in the book "Apricot in Moscow and Moscow Region" it is directly written - you cannot graft an apricot on a turn. Apparently they have never tried it - why write then. This apricot grafted on a turn began to bear fruit in the second year.

Pear on quince.

We present real examples unusual vaccinations horticultural crops, which give this or that effect and which the gardener himself can do (table).

Unusual vaccinations fruit and berry crops

Culture (graft)	Rootstock	Achieved effect
	Hawthorn, Japanese quince	Precocity, reducing the height of the tree
	Rowan red	Increased winter hardiness
	Irga, chokeberry	Precocity, the ability to bend down branches and protection from frost
	cerapadus	Increasing winter hardiness, reducing gum disease
	Felt cherry	Reducing the height of the tree
		Growing on "dry" soils
		Growing on "wet" soils
	Plum, felt cherry	Increased winter hardiness
	Plum, turn
Plum, peach	felt cherry
Japonica	Rowan red, hawthorn
Grape	Actinidia	Protection of the root system from frost
Rowan nevezhinskaya	Rowan red	Sweetness
Red Ribes	Black currant
Aronia, Japanese quince	Rowan red	Obtaining plants in standard form
Gooseberry	golden currant
"Male" sea buckthorn plants	"Female" sea buckthorn plants	For pollination, so as not to have separate "male" trees
"Female" sea buckthorn plants	"Male" sea buckthorn plants	For pollination, if the "male" plants grow significantly better than the "female" ones

Vaccinations can provide unusual trees, for example, apple trees with a powerful and winter-hardy root system, but with a low-growing aerial part, which begins to bear fruit early. For this purpose, it is necessary to plant in a permanent place some vigorous rootstock of an apple tree (seedlings of Antonovka, Grushovka of Moscow or wild forest apple trees) or sow the seeds of these apple trees. Then, in a one- or two-year-old rootstock plant, in any way (eye or cutting), you need to graft a clonal low-growing variety. It will serve as an intermediate (intercalary) insert between the vigorous rootstock and the cultivated variety.

Obtaining a seedling with an intercalary rootstock in three years: a) the first year - double budding; b) the second year - vaccination by rapprochement; c) the third year - the removal of a part of the cultivated variety and the top of the intercalary rootstock; 1 - bird cherry; 2 - cerapadus; 3 - cherry

The longer the intermediate insert (an insert 15-20 cm long is usually recommended), the greater the effect it has on the strength of growth, the nature and rate of metabolism between the rootstock and the solder. As an intermediate insert, you can use such clone rootstocks - M8, M9, Budagovsky's paradise, No. 54-118, No. 62-396, baby Budagovsky .

There are many ways to obtain trees with an intermediate insert - budding with two shields, double budding, double winter grafting and others. We present the method of I.F. Indenko, in which in the first year a vigorous stock is budded with two eyes on one side of the shoot: a shield of a cultivated variety is grafted from below, above it - a shield of an intermediate insert (intercalary). In the second year, shoots grown from grafted buds are grafted by the method of convergence (ablactation). In the third year, the apical part of the intercalary (above the site of last year's grafting) must be removed, as well as that part of the cultivar shoot that is located between the rootstock and the place of ablactation.

You can get a tree with an intermediate insert and in one year. To do this, it is necessary to make a “butt” budding with a bud of a cultivated variety on the cutting of the insert and graft this cutting on the seed stock using the “improved copulation” method.

Based on such trees, obtained by the methods described, the gardener can create a garden with 4 "storey" components. The first floor is a vigorous seed rootstock, the second floor is an intermediate insert of a clonal low-growing variety, the third floor is a skeleton-forming winter-hardy variety and the fourth floor - a crown from the shoots of the cultivated variety. Moreover, the last "floor" can be represented not by one variety, but by several (according to the fruit ripening time). Thus, the advantages of such trees in the garden are the winter hardiness of the root system and crown, precocity and short stature.

"Four-story" tree

However, the use of low-growing rootstocks and inserts does not always provide the desired growth rate of the fruit tree. Ideally, it is desirable that the tree grows quickly at the beginning and its volume occupies the allotted feeding area (planting pattern), and then the vegetative and generative development of plants should be balanced.

Unusual advice. To obtain such trees, V.I. Demenko developed a way to create plants with an insert that starts working 3-4 years after planting. To do this, a seedling on a seed stock is grafted on both sides using the “bridge” method with cuttings of a weakly growing rootstock (insert), after 2-3 years the bark is removed on the stem, due to which the waste products of the tree are sent through the inserts, undergoing changes and affecting growth and fruiting fruit tree.

The effect of dwarfism or reduced vigor can be obtained not through vaccinations different cultures, but by performing the "inverted ring" operation. For example, on a pear and plum, during active sap flow, you need to remove a ring of bark 13-15 mm wide from the branch and immediately put it in its original place, but already upside down. That is, due to such an operation, communication in the vessels of the cortex is disrupted and the outflow of nutrients is delayed. Therefore, on the ringed branch, fruiting increases, and the progressive growth in height decreases. Unfortunately, the effect of such an operation is short-lived and therefore it must be repeated after 3-4 years.

Another surgical garden operation can be performed to increase the winter hardiness of sweet cherries. To do this, a strip of bark 1 cm wide is also removed from the branches and a strip of winter-hardy cherry bark of the same size is placed instead.

Obtaining a stunted tree on a vigorous rootstock

Vaccination: technology, compatibility

Old-fashioned grafting method for a big harvest

The bark grafting method is used when one or more new (more winter-hardy, productive or disease-resistant) varieties are wanted to be grafted onto an adult or old apple tree.

Then most of the skeletal (main) branches of the tree are cut down at a distance of 70 centimeters to 1 meter from the trunk and branches are grafted onto them. With this method of grafting, it is very important to leave two or three skeletal branches uncut so that they "pull the juice", otherwise the apple tree, weakened by short pruning, will die.

1. To make the wound heal better, clean the saw cut on the branch with a garden or grafting knife.

2. Make a vertical incision 4-6 cm long on the bark of the branch. The blade of the knife should reach the wood.

3 reverse side with a knife, slightly separate and spread the bark of the rootstock * - so that the grafting stalk enters more easily. (*Rootstock - the root system and part of the stem up to the grafting site.)

4. Make an oblique cut on the cutting of the scion (the optimal length of the cut is 4 cutting diameters.)

5. Slightly sharpen the lower part of the cutting from the side opposite from the cut- so it will be easier to insert the stalk behind the bark.

6. Insert the cutting of the grafted variety behind the bark of the rootstock (1-2 mm of the cut of the scion should be above the saw cut).

7. Tie the grafting sites with twine, plastic wrap or electrical tape (sticky side out). If you are using twine, coat the top cuts of the cuttings, the surface of the cut, and the longitudinal cuts with garden pitch so that the grafts do not dry out.

By the way

When grafting over the bark, usually 2-4 cuttings are placed on the branches - then the wound (saw cut) will overgrow more evenly. After 2-3 years, only one, the most developed, is left so that the overgrown vaccinations do not interfere with each other.

"Dachnik. Garden. Kitchen garden"

22.10.15

More about vaccinations

I mastered the grafting of fruit crops a long time ago. This is not only interesting, but also a very necessary thing. Our land is small- only three acres, but my experience has shown that a small family needs no more than two or three trees, for example, apple trees. It is important that the varieties are "ours", zoned, and not afraid severe frosts, thaws and spring frosts. But at the same time, practically every gardener wants to have other varieties in his garden that are somehow more interesting, and this is where grafting comes to the rescue.

On our site for about 40 years, an apple tree of the variety flaunted Shtreifling (Autumn striped, Strifel). For our conditions, a wonderful variety. Apples are large, beautifully colored, sweet, with a unique candy flavor.

One day, our neighbor asked me to graft a twig of Shtreifling on a fruiting Anise Scarlet tree in their garden, which by that time had just "shot" a top in a place convenient for grafting. I fulfilled the request and for 12-15 years I forgot about it. Well, the grafted branch grows and grows. And recently, in a conversation, a neighbor boasted of the taste of apples from a grafted branch and brought them to me for tasting. In front of me were beautiful, regular-shaped fruits, but not Shtreifling. You can immediately recognize his apples by the "saucer" it is shallow or almost absent. And here the “saucer” is deep, of the correct shape, the stalk is slightly longer, the color of the apples is brighter, and they differ in shape. The taste is more delicate than both parental forms. In a word, Scarlet anise had a beneficial effect on the grafted twig. Although according to the rules this should not have happened. Now I decided to graft a branch of Shtreifling from a neighbor's apple tree onto my native tree. Let's see what will happen. The graft has already given two harvests of several apples, but the fruits affected by the codling moth fell before they had time to ripen, and the tasting did not take place.

I also decided to start growing a garden tree, on which more than a dozen varieties would be grafted. So far, only three varieties grow and bear fruit perfectly on one tree: Antonovka, Melba and actually Autumn striped.

V. Meshchanov , amateur gardener, Kazan

(Garden and vegetable garden No. 1, 2010)

Rowan as a rootstock

Rowan ordinary, widely growing in our Kuzbass forests, can serve as a cheap and affordable stock for a number of fruit and ornamental crops.

On young rowan trees taken from the forest, you can graft, first of all, decorative rowan with a creeping crown type, rowan Nevezhinskaya , as well as such varietal hybrids of mountain ash, such as Pomegranate , Kubastaya etc., and chokeberry, conventionally referred to as chokeberry.

Various varieties of hawthorn and shadberry can be grafted onto mountain ash in order to obtain vigorous standard forms of these crops. In this case, the gardener must apply special methods pruning of the resulting plants to form a spherical crown.

Many varieties take root well when grafted on mountain ash domestic pear. However, there are frequent cases of low survival or its total absence in some varieties, leading to attacks of grafting or breaking off at the junction of the scion with the stock at the age of three.

Of the cultivated varieties of apple trees, only a few can be grafted onto mountain ash, which have plum-leaved apple trees (Chinese) among their parental forms.

As practice shows, the taste of fruits in various cultivated breeds and varieties does not change when they are grafted onto mountain ash.

(Kuznetsk estate, No. 1, 2005)

What a gardener needs to know about grafting

What is the dream of every gardener? That's right - so that the harvest is bigger, and there are fewer problems. So that any variety you like would certainly become “their own”, and the trees in the garden would never grow old. And all this is completely doable if the owner of the garden is “you” with a vaccine.

Have you ever grafted trees? Don't know how to do it? Are you afraid that you won't succeed? Then this article is for you!

WHAT IS VACCINATION AND WHAT IT IS FOR

In horticulture, grafting is the transfer of part of one plant to another plant in order to grow together. As a result, a new single organism is obtained, where the powerful root system of one "parent" begins to ensure the growth and development of the ground part of the second. Moreover, this second one is always a specially selected variety with the necessary qualities and characteristics.

You ask: what is it for, but it turns out that grafting fruit trees can solve a lot of different problems in the garden.

The most important thing is to reduce the waiting time for the first harvest. Trees grown from seeds/stones will bear fruit not earlier than in 5-6 years, but generally in 10-15 years. And grafted on mature tree or for a 2-3-year-old seedling, varieties can please the harvest for 2-3 years.

Vaccination will help you quickly get the variety that you like (for example, you saw it with a neighbor, with relatives in another area and “sunk down”). And you don’t have to buy a seedling, looking for this variety in all nurseries - just get a cutting from a chosen tree.

By grafting different varieties on the same tree, you will significantly increase the variety of fruit crops in your garden, and at the same time save space. On one apple or pear tree, for example, you can have 3-4 different varieties, and on a wild plum you can grow cherry plums, plums and even apricots at the same time!

Vaccination makes it possible to quickly replace an unsuccessful (disliked, disliked) variety with a new one with better characteristics.

Vaccination will help to get valuable, but unadapted to your conditions, fruit varieties. Even in mid-latitude conditions, you can harvest tender southern crops if you graft them onto local hardy varieties.

And besides all the beneficial changes in your garden, grafting is also an exciting activity. You will see: after the very first results, you will be irresistibly "dragged" into this world of grafting man-made miracles.

ACTORS AND PERFORMERS

Scion, rootstock and cambium take part in the sacrament called "grafting". There is also a fourth character - a man, but about him later, but for now only about the main characters.

A graft is a part of a varietal plant that takes root on another plant. It can be a small fragment of a stem or even a single bud. The graft will form the upper part of the tree (bush) and be "responsible" for its varietal characteristics.

A rootstock is a plant or part of a plant on which a graft is established. Rootstock is Bottom part, which will be responsible for nutrition, sustainability and adaptability to local conditions.

In order not to confuse what is what, remember this:

scion is a part of a plant that takes root on another plant;

the rootstock is under scion.

And if the scion and rootstock are the main participants in the process, then the cambium is the main performer, it is thanks to him that everything happens.

CAMBIUM

The principle of grafting is based on the ability of a tree to heal (overgrow) its wounds. Here, all the laurels belong to a thin layer of active cells - the cambium, which is located between the wood and the bast.

When grafting, cuts (wounds) specially made on the scion and rootstock are superimposed on each other in such a way that the exposed layers of the cambium are aligned. They press tightly against each other - and provide time for "affinity".

Both plants begin to actively heal wounds: on both sides of the cambial cells, actively multiplying, they give influxes of callus (healing tissue). These counter influxes coalesce and form a new conductive tissue. That's the whole secret.

ROOTSTOCK

The rootstock is the base for future grafting. Through it root system food and water will be supplied, the stability and durability of the tree, the attitude to the soil and even productivity will depend on it. Therefore, the choice of stock must be approached with all responsibility.

Rootstock selection criteria:

* Compatibility with scion

* Frost resistance

* Resistance to excess / lack of moisture

* Maximum adaptability to local conditions

* Strong root system

Rootstocks are divided into:

* Wild and cultivated

* Seed and vegetative

* Strong-growing and weak-growing.

Depending on your goals, the rootstock can serve young tree or seedling, wild root growth, a fruit tree of a variety that you don’t like, or a tree that you like, but for some reason is doomed (broken, for example).

You can dig a wild game in the forest or grow a rootstock seedling with your own hands. You can try to use even a healthy stump from a sawn tree as a stock.

SCRIFT

The scion will form the upper part of the tree (bush), which is responsible for its varietal characteristics. This means that the quality of the fruits and their quantity depend on the scion.

Therefore, for grafting, it is necessary to cut cuttings or buds (shields) from those trees that have already shown themselves “in all their glory” - both in fruits and in productivity.

Harvesting cuttings for grafting is carried out several times during the year:

* For winter and spring vaccinations, cuttings must be harvested in the fall, after the end of leaf fall, but before the onset of severe frosts.

* If for some reason the cuttings were not harvested in the fall, then this can be done at the end of winter or in the spring, before the buds swell.

* For summer vaccinations cuttings are cut right before the procedure. The main thing here is that the base of the cutting is stiff, and there are 2 formed buds.

WHAT ON WHAT WE CAN GRADUATE

The most important condition for high-quality and successful fusion of stock and scion is their botanical relationship (in other words, like is grafted onto like).

According to the degree of such relationship, they distinguish:

* intraspecific vaccinations - when, for example, varietal cherries are grafted onto wild cherries;

* interspecific vaccinations - for example, grafting cherries on cherries, and plums on cherry plums;

* Internatal vaccinations - for example, grafting a pear on a quince, a plum on an apricot, and a peach on a plum.

Vaccinations are most easily achieved within a species, and most difficult between genera.

Many years of vaccination experience has revealed the following interdependence:

* For stone fruit trees, cherry plum is the best stock. You can also use wild plums.

* Cherries and sweet cherries can be grafted onto wild cherries and one of the types of wild bird cherry - Antipka. In the North-Western zone, seedlings of Vladimirskaya, Korostynskaya and other local varieties and forms or root offspring from them are considered successful for cherries. In the Central region of Russia, clonal rootstocks Izmailovskaya (PN), Muscovy, (P-3), AVCH-2, VP-1, Rubin can be used for cherries.

* Felt cherries can be grafted on Ussuri plum, on cherry plum, blackthorn, less often on apricot.

* For apple trees, the best rootstocks are seedlings of the Antonovka and Anis varieties, as well as varieties that are resistant to local conditions. Vegetatively propagating and clonal rootstocks are often used, such as A2, MM 106, 5-25-3, 54-118, M9, 62-396 and so on. good rootstock there will also be a Kitayka, or a plum-leaved apple tree.

* For pears, the best rootstocks will be forest and Ussuri pear, as well as seedlings of Tonkovetka, Limonka, Aleksandrovka, Vishnevka varieties, which have good winter hardiness. It must be remembered that a pear “accepts” only a pear. Although she is grafted on quince, and on an apple tree, and on chokeberry, and on red mountain ash. And Michurin generally planted a pear on a lemon.

* For plums, seedlings of local forms of cherry plum are most often used as rootstocks. You can also use seedlings of thorns, as well as large-fruited forms of thorns. Vegetatively propagated rootstocks Eurasia 43, SVG-11-19, VVA-1 are also suitable. An excellent rootstock for dwarf plums will be the turn, which has the greatest winter hardiness.

* For apricots, the main rootstocks are apricot seedlings. The seedlings of the zherdela have also proven themselves, less often the seedlings of cherry plum, blackthorn and sand cherry are used. But the apricots themselves (like peaches) are rather “unfavorable” rootstocks for all stone fruits.

* For a peach, plum, cherry plum, felt cherry, apricot, blackthorn and almonds are suitable as a rootstock (it is worth noting: grafting a peach is a rather painstaking task ...)

* Gooseberries can be grafted onto seedlings, root suckers and 1-2-year-old golden currant seedlings. Gooseberry varieties grafted onto golden currants will differ increased productivity and drought tolerance.

* For mountain ash, seedlings of ordinary mountain ash serve as rootstocks, you can also graft mountain ash on chokeberry and hawthorn.

You can use the compatibility table of scions and rootstocks of different crops.

Rootstock	Scion
	Aronia	Hawthorn	Irga	Cotoneaster	Pear	Apple tree	Rowan
Aronia
Hawthorn
Irga
Cotoneaster
Pear
Apple tree
Rowan

True, our curious gardeners do not get tired of experimenting - they are haunted by the facts that in Bulgaria currants are grafted onto cherries, and a neighbor has both apples and pears on the same tree ...

TIPS FROM EXPERIENCED GARDENERS

* If you have chosen a candidate for a stock in the forest, dug it up and brought it to the dacha, then the transplanted tree must be given the opportunity to take root and grow stronger in a new place. In a year or two, he can become a stock.

* If the tree you have chosen does not grow in the place where you would like to have a new variety, you must first transplant it and give it 1-2 years to root. And only then proceed to vaccination.

* If you want to grow a dwarf tree, then do this: for an apple tree stock, use chokeberry (chokeberry); for a pear rootstock, take either irga or quince; for peach rootstock, choose almonds, and for kumquat, orange will be the rootstock.

* When choosing a stock and scion, remember - they must be healthy and young! A diseased tree spends energy on its recovery, it has no time for splicing. And in old trees, the process of cell division of the cambium is no longer as fast as in young trees, and therefore the process of fusion will be worse.

* When harvesting cherry cuttings, keep in mind that there are a lot of flower buds on its annual shoots. Therefore, take longer shoots from young trees (which have fewer flower buds).

Vaccination, as it turns out, is the right thing. And important. And not very complicated either. I think we convinced you of this.

Modern gardens are different high level decorative. Knowing what mountain ash and other fruit trees can be grafted on, they get beautiful plants with a delicious harvest of berries and fruits.

Main advantages

Experienced gardeners know that grafting trees has a number of benefits:

• preservation of varietal qualities;
• grafted cuttings yield earlier;
• saving space in the garden;
• increases winter hardiness and disease resistance.

Gardeners choose red forest rowan for stock, because it is low-growing and has a high resistance to cold.

The tree grows well in any soil and transfers its maternal characteristics to scions.

Grafting chokeberry

The grafting of chokeberry (chokeberry) is done in order to have a beautiful, neat tree with healthy berries. After grafting, a standard tree is obtained with a height of about 1 m. Among the advantages are the following:

• grafted plants look beautiful both in single plantings and in group ones;
• fruiting begins 1-2 years after vaccination;
• productivity increases.
• For grafting chokeberry, budding is used. This is one way to grow a grafted seedling.

Grafting chokeberry is also convenient because the survival rate is about 100% (subject to technology). Gardeners recommend grafting several branches in different places.

Optimal timing

The whole vaccination process can be divided into two parts:

• Preparatory work.
• Scion.

Preparatory work begins in early spring, gardeners prepare cuttings. It is easy to determine the degree of readiness of the branches for the scion: if the buds begin to swell, you can cut the cuttings. planting material stored in a refrigerator or basement.

Replanting cuttings is carried out when the buds begin to bloom on the mother tree. An important condition for survival is the difference between the scion and stock of 2 weeks or more. In an adult tree, active vegetative processes should begin, and the scion should sleep.

If it was not possible to get vaccinated in the spring, then you can shift the dates until the fall. Cuttings are planted on rowan branches in late August, early September.

Care rules

In order for the grafted stalk to develop well and quickly take root, you must follow these recommendations:

1. Shoots below the graft must be removed throughout the summer, because they take away the elements necessary for the growing graft.
2. As the cuttings grow and thicken, the strapping on them is loosened to avoid fracture.
3. If the grafted seedling is actively growing, the top needs to be pinched.
4. If 2 cuttings grow on the same branch nearby, then only the stronger one is left, and the weak one is removed.
5. If cracks appear on the bark at the cut site on the re-grafted tree, then they must be covered with garden pitch or other composition to prevent infection.

Grafting of fruit crops

On an ordinary mountain ash, you can graft not only chokeberry, but also some varieties of fruit trees. With this interaction, varietal fruits grow on a compact, low tree. Rowan is often grafted on:

• Apple tree.
• pear.
• Hawthorn.

Grafting does not affect the taste of the fruit and the safety of varietal qualities. When planting fruit trees on the rootstock, there is a risk of late rejection or fracture of the fruit branch.

The compatibility of apple and mountain ash is not very high, but gardeners are trying to plant new varieties. Small-fruited varieties are chosen, the plum-leaved apple tree (Kitayka or Paradise apple tree) is ideal. Her apples are small, weighing about 100 grams, they do not weigh down the branches of the rootstock.

Many gardeners plant a pear on a mountain ash. Survival depends on the selected variety. There are varieties that are incompatible with the mother plant, and there is no point in such a procedure. Among the proven pears for scion choose:

• Ussuri;
• Chizhevskaya;
• Lada;
• Otradnenskaya;
• Cathedral.

There are cases when after 5 - 6 years good growth and fruiting, the mountain ash rejected the pear or could not withstand the load.

Among the shortcomings, the fact that the pear quickly builds up wood, and the weak stock does not keep up with it, is distinguished. The scion breaks off.

Hawthorn on rowan

Hawthorn perfectly takes root on the mountain ash. This is done for two main reasons:

• Saving space in the garden.
• Obtaining a stunted tree.

Hawthorn is a vigorous tree and requires regular pruning, so it is frequently grafted.

This tree is often used as a rootstock for pears, apple trees, dogwood, aronia.

Conclusion

Rowan ordinary - a unique tree-like plant. The grafting of shrubs and fruit trees on this stock is characterized by good survival and fruiting.

By choosing this growing method orchard, it is worth considering not only varietal compatibility, but also the future size of the scion.