The rafter system for a roof made of ceramic tiles has specific features due to the weight of the roofing material. Natural tiles are ten times heavier than metal tiles, and the load per m2 of roofing is about fifty kilograms. For the rafter frame, you should choose dry wood with a moisture content of no more than 15%. The rafters are made of timber with a section of 50x150 mm or 60x180 mm. The pitch range should be 80 – 130 cm and depends on the roof slope. The greater the roof slope, the greater the rafter pitch.
Installation of a waterproofing layer.
With a roof slope of 22 degrees, the installation of a waterproofing layer made of rolled material is required. The overlap of the canvases should be ten centimeters. To calculate the waterproofing material, it is necessary to multiply the area of the slopes by 1.4.
Marking and installation of sheathing.
The sheathing for natural tiles is made of beams with a section of 50x50 mm or 40x60 mm. Along the eaves, it is necessary to lay lumber with a width two centimeters greater than this figure for ordinary elements. Horizontal sheathing beams are laid in a quantity that corresponds to the number of tile rows with the addition of an additional cornice row. Based on standard data, the sheathing pitch is the length of the tile, from which the amount of overlap is subtracted. Usually, optimal size pitch not less than 31 and not more than 34 cm.
Installation and fastening of natural tiles.
Laying tiles begins with evenly distributing the stacks roofing elements on the roofing surface. This principle does not load the rafter system with excess weight. First, the top row of natural tiles is laid out. It is located along the ridge. Then the bottom row of roofing material is installed, which should be laid along the overhang. It is necessary to attach the tile tiles to the sheathing frame after checking the correctness of the installation. After fixing the cornice row, further installation of the tile covering is carried out in the directions from bottom to top and from right to left. Then the elements of the ridge and gable sections are laid.
To fasten natural tiles, galvanized hardware or special clamps are used. The mandatory fixing points for tiles are:
- places subject to significant wind loads;
- a row located along the cornice;
- sections of gables and along the ridge element.
Fastening of ceramics on slopes with a roof slope of more than 50 degrees is carried out strictly through the element.
Valley equipment on roofs of complex configuration.
Before laying the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to secure the continuous sheathing. The bottom of the valley is equipped with edged boards, on top of which an appropriate layer will be laid. Improving waterproofing is achieved by gluing double-sided self-adhesive tape to the valley. For fastening, special steel clamps are used, which are mounted in drilled holes. The edge is painted with special pigments. For a valley whose length exceeds six meters, a row of ventilation tiles is laid. For this purpose, tiles of the appropriate category are used.
Connecting the roofing to the chimney.
An important role is given to the competent and tight installation of chimney connections using self-adhesive material based on lead or aluminum. All roll joints are fixed using a clamping strip. The seam in the upper part of the strip is treated with colorless sealant. When arranging the ridge, the parameters of the edge tiles are taken into account, which are leveled by cutting the material along the edge bevel.
The use of modern ceramic tiles for roofing requires taking into account a number of requirements associated with the significant weight of the roofing material used. Despite all the undoubted advantages of this type of coating (such as reliability, durability and originality), installation of ceramic tiles can only be done on pre-reinforced rafter structures.
Due to the large weight of the natural material, laying ceramic tiles is allowed only on roofs whose inclination angle does not exceed values ranging from 12 to 50 degrees. At large angles of inclination, there is a need for reinforcement rafter system due to the use of additional elements that increase the rigidity of the entire structure as a whole.
Preparing the base
After strengthening the rafter system and immediately before laying ceramic tiles, you will have to perform a number of standard operations related to the arrangement of the so-called “roofing pie”.
The list of these measures traditionally includes the following standard operations:
- preparing waterproofing to protect the entire structure from moisture and avoid fungal infection of the wood;
- arrangement of a thermal insulation coating that additionally protects the roof from heat leaks through “cold bridges”;
- covering a layer of vapor barrier, thanks to which the roof will be reliably protected from condensation.
Waterproofing protection is required at roof slope angles up to 22 degrees. When calculating the material requirements (taking into account all the necessary allowances), the total area of the slopes should simply be multiplied by 1.4.
To fix the waterproofing layer on the rafter beams, you can use a special stapler used for fastening roll materials. In this case, the amount of overlap of each subsequent layer on the previous one should be at least 10–15 cm.
To avoid heat loss through the roof structure, it will be necessary to lay a layer of insulation under the waterproofing, which can be used as mineral wool or foam plates. When forming this layer of “roofing cake”, it will be necessary to provide ventilation gaps created artificially. Such gaps can be formed in the spaces between thermal insulation and waterproofing (by building up the sheathing elements) or by installing the so-called counter-lattice.
When preparing the sheathing itself, you should always remember that it is on it that the tile blanks will be laid in the future, so the distance between the individual beams should be selected taking into account the size of the tile sheet.
When arranging the roof, one should not lose sight of the issue of its vapor barrier, since the presence of condensation in the area of the insulation significantly reduces the effectiveness of thermal protection. For reliable protection To prevent the thermal insulation layer from being destroyed by condensate, an overlap of the vapor barrier film within the range of 10 – 15 cm will be sufficient.
Before the beginning installation work first of all, you will need to lift all the prepared tiles onto the roof; At the same time, due to the large weight of the material, outside help will be required. Upon completion of lifting the tile sheets, they should be laid out in small stacks (3-4 sheets each) evenly over the roof surface, which avoids deformation of the sheathing under the weight of the temporarily stored material.
In accordance with generally accepted rules, tile sheets are laid on all roof slopes simultaneously, alternating every two to three rows.
One-sided laying of sheets on any of the pitched structures can lead to uneven distribution of loads on the foundation elements, which creates a risk of damage to the latter.
The construction instructions for the installation of natural tiles contain standard requirements for the order of their installation, carried out in the direction from the roof overhang to its ridge and from left to right. This procedure involves the formation of the bottom row of tiles, laid out along the roof eaves, without securing it to the rafter base (sheathing). This technique allows you to adjust the position of the elements of the cornice strip when laying the next row.
When forming individual parts of the roofing, we advise you to pay attention to the following details:
- To fix the first and second rows, it is best to use special galvanized screws.
- Don't forget to leave in the area eaves overhang small ventilation gap(about 1.5 – 2 cm), used for ventilation of under-roof spaces.
- To securely fasten the cornice and ridge rows of tile coverings, it is advisable to provide several additional attachment points for them.
Connection to chimneys
Even at the stage of placing the waterproofing, the material used is carefully trimmed and placed on the chimney wall adjacent to the laying plane. After this, you can mount it on the wall in any way convenient for you.
Directly near the chimney, the tiles are laid with a small gap (about 2-3 cm). To obtain a reliable connection, you can use a special corrugated tape made of aluminum or copper, painted to match the color of the tiles. In this case, using a piece of tape of the required length, the front part of the pipe is first closed (with a slight overlap), after which the same operations are repeated for its sides.
Experts believe that to protect the back of the pipe, it would be more reliable to use two strips at once, combined into one with a slight overlap. Strengthening the protective layer on back side chimney will allow you to get a very reliable connection, eliminating the possibility of rain moisture and snow getting inside the structure.
More details about the installation procedure below:
Arrangement of the roof ridge
When installing a tiled covering in the area of the roof ridge, the main attention should be paid to the correct placement of the material in the area where the ridge beam is located. To design the ridge zone, special tile blanks (slats) are used, which allow the upper edge of the roof to be rounded, thereby ensuring reliable connection of all covering elements.
Individual ridge zone blanks are fixed to the sheathing elements using screws (self-tapping screws) of a suitable size.
The position of each ridge strip is selected in such a way that there is a gap of approximately half a centimeter between it and the sheets of tiles being laid.
Note that such ridge blanks must be mounted on top of a special sealing tape, which allows the formation of a small gap necessary for ventilation of the under-roof spaces. In this case, each individual rail is attached to load-bearing structure using the small bracket included with the ridge covering kit. Upon completion of their installation, special additional elements are installed to cover the end part of the ridge.
Video
The rules for installing ceramic tiles are discussed in more detail below:
Makes your home stylish, sophisticated and charming. In addition, such a roof without losing its beauty and shade. But this will only happen if it is installed correctly.
It is worth remembering that this material is suitable for roofs with a slope of more than eleven degrees (optimally fifty degrees). And today we will look at the technology for installing ceramic tiles, offer installation instructions and the price of work and materials per m2.
Clay ceramics is a material characterized by its solid weight. Therefore, in addition to arranging a strong rafter system, you need to think about how the tiles will be delivered to the roof. That is, provide suitable lifting equipment.
Transportation of tiles is carried out using special pallets (each weighs about nine hundred and fifty kilograms).
To attach individual roofing elements to the sheathing, galvanized (or stainless steel) screws, as well as nails and wire are used. Shingles typically have small keyhole-shaped holes in them. The fastening takes place through these holes. If you need to make additional holes, then use a special roofing tool– a hole punch designed for ceramic tiles.
And special steel cutters allow you to evenly cut pieces of ceramic roofing. In addition, roofing pliers with lips of various lengths are produced to work with this material. They are made from durable induction-hardened steel. The rest of the tools are standard: screwdriver, hammer, screwdriver (for sheathing). If you don't have a cutter, you can use a grinder.
This video will tell you about the construction of a ceramic tile roof valley:
Material calculation
Whatever material the roof is made of, the entire structure must be able to withstand load forces of up to two hundred kilograms per square meter. To make the calculations correctly, add to this value the weight of the ceramic (about fifty kilograms per square meter).
Please note that during installation it is necessary to provide for an overlap depending on the slope of the roof. Its value is ten centimeters if the slope is less than twenty-five degrees.
- If the slope is increased (ranging from twenty-five to thirty degrees), then an overlap of seven and a half centimeters will be enough.
- And with a slope of over forty-five degrees, this value decreases to four and a half centimeters.
You can calculate the length of the material (useful) if you subtract from the total length of the ceramic part the size of the segment that is necessary to create an overlap. Well, the usable width is usually indicated in the instructions. Based on the numbers obtained, calculate how many tiles will be needed per square meter.
The number of individual roofing elements required to cover the entire length of the slope can be calculated based on their useful length. Dividing these two values by one another, we get the number of rows. We multiply this number by the number of parts in the row and get total tiles for slope. To determine how much waterproofing is needed, multiply the total area of the slopes by 1.4.
Another tip: you can use it for accurate calculations of all materials online calculator. There are quite a lot of them on the Internet.
We’ll talk about the technology of ceramic tile roofing below.
Technologies for installing ceramic tiles
First steps
Let's start with the sheathing. For it you will need bars of five by five centimeters (or six by four centimeters). We place along the sections of the eaves wooden parts two centimeters wider than where the ordinary elements are located. The number of horizontal bars in such a sheathing will be equal to the number of rows of tiles with the addition of one more row - a cornice row.
For marking, templates cut to the size (height) of the tiles, as well as coated cord, are used. Horizontal slats are joined on the rafters. The sheathing pitch (optimal) is usually from thirty-one to thirty-four centimeters.
An aero element must be installed under the ridge for ventilation. A waterproof tape is placed along the entire length of the ridge. We should not forget about waterproofing and vapor barrier. There must certainly be space between the sheathing and the layer of tiles.
Before laying the tiles, they are distributed in stacks (about five pieces) over the entire surface of the roof. Then a row is laid on top - along the ridge of the roof. After this, we proceed to fixing the bottom row (along the overhang). We fix the elements only after we check whether they are laid correctly.
Instructions for installing ceramic tiles are presented in the video below:
Direct installation
We carry out installation starting from the bottom of the roof, moving upward. And also from right to left. At the end, ridge and pediment elements are attached. Moreover, the ridge elements should touch the edged ridge board only where they are attached. Where the roof ridge and gable intersect, adjustments will have to be made by cutting the tiles.
The tile itself can be of several types, each of which has its own fastening nuances.
- So, if it is a grooved strip tile, then it is laid with the rows overlapping each other, connecting using the existing grooves.
- The grooved stamped tiles are laid in the same way (only you will need more wire for them).
- But flat tiles of the strip type are devoid of grooves. It is also laid overlapping from bottom to top, with each odd row on the edge containing half a tile (brick laying principle). Protrusions on the outside and inside, as well as roofing nails, help with fastening.
Some installation tips:
- Holes for ventilation must be made under the eaves.
- When waterproofing is installed, a slight deflection is left between the rafters. The waterproofing layer is laid with an overlap of fifteen centimeters, securing it with nails at a distance of twenty-five centimeters.
- A little more than a meter wide waterproofing is placed under the valleys. The overlap of the tile tiles on the valleys is approximately twenty centimeters.
- The thickness of the ridge board (equipped with mandatory aerators) must be at least four centimeters.
- By gluing self-adhesive tape (double-sided) to the valley, you can improve the waterproofing.
- If the valley is longer than six meters, it is necessary to lay out a row of ventilation tiles.
The cost of installing ceramic tiles is described below.
Cost of work
If you order professionals to install a natural tiled roof, you will have to spend money. It costs about seven hundred rubles per square meter.
This is if all components of the roofing system are standard. But if you have a complex roof shape, additional costs will be required.
A specialist will tell you how to install the ridge and abutments when laying ceramic tiles in the video below:
The classic roofing option for those who prefer reliable and durable materials is the installation of natural tiles. Most often, the basis of this coating is clay, so natural shades predominate in the colors of ceramic tiles - red, ocher, yellow, burgundy, etc. Some varieties are additionally coated with colored glaze or a powdery layer of clay - engobe - to expand the color palette.
Natural tiles have many advantages:
- it is non-toxic and completely safe for the environment;
- durable - can retain its properties and proper appearance for more than 100 years;
- durable - withstands significant drops in temperature in winter, resistant to heat in summer;
- waterproof - not afraid of snow and rain;
- completely fire resistant.
Thanks to the clay it contains, ceramic tiles provide free access of air masses into the space under the roof, thereby significantly extending the life of the structure.
It starts with calculations and ends with laying the coating. There are two stages of installation work - preparatory and executive. In the first case, roof calculations are made and required quantity materials; in the second, the sheathing structure is installed and natural tiles are laid.
Typically, ceramic tiles are installed on roofs whose slope angle is 220-500, however modern technologies allow it to be mounted on roofs with an inclination angle of 100-900 degrees. If all installation technologies are followed, you will receive a high-quality roof with a long service life.
Due to its special properties, natural tiles have long remained one of the most popular roofing materials. It is noteworthy that some roof decks often resemble appearance tiles from natural materials, however, they cannot compare with it in terms of performance and durability. With its help, you can create a high-strength coating that is resistant to ultraviolet rays, moisture and aggressive environments.
The company "MosStroyKrovlya" operates in the market of services for roofing work for a long time, during which our specialists gained invaluable experience, allowing us to lead in this field. When ordering installation of ceramic tiles from us, you can be sure of high quality materials and work.
By cooperating with us, you receive the following benefits:
- affordable cost of all types of services;
- highly qualified craftsmen;
- Individual approach to each client;
- deadlines;
- control of work at each stage of installation.
By entrusting the installation of natural tiles to professionals, you will get an excellent result: our specialists will carry out everything necessary work in strict accordance with the rules and building codes.
Prices for installation of soft roofing in Moscow and the Moscow region
| No. | TYPE OF WORK | units change | price, rub) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Installation of Euro slate | sq.m. | 300 |
| 2 | Installation of metal tiles | sq.m. | 550 |
| 3 | Installation of seam covering | sq.m. | 650 |
| 4 | Installation of copper covering | sq.m. | 1000 |
| 5 | Installation of zinc-titanium coating | sq.m. | 1100 |
| 6 | Installation soft roof in 2 layers | sq.m. | 270 |
| 7 | Installation of a soft roof in 2 layers (mechanical fastening of the bottom layer) with insulation with a 200mm thick mini-slab | sq.m. | 400 |
| 8 | Installation of PVC membrane roofing | sq.m. | 200 |
| 9 | Installation of ceramic tiles | sq.m. | 600 |
| 10 | Slate roof installation | sq.m. | 300 |
| 11 | Mauerlat installation | p.m. | 300 |
| 12 | Installation of the rafter system | p.m. | 600 |
| 13 | Draft ceiling installation | p.m. | 150 |
| 14 | Installation of sheathing | p.m. | 300 |
| 15 | Roof insulation (mineral board) | sq.m. | 300 |
| 16 | Vapor barrier device | p.m. | 100 |
| 17 | Septation of lumber | cubic meters | 1200 |
The laying of ceramic tiles is justified by the outstanding technical and aesthetic qualities of the material, the reliability of which is confirmed by almost a century of operation. Created by sintering natural components, natural tiles withstand the entire range of atmospheric factors. However, in addition to the advantages, the coating, which is “difficult” in terms of price and weight, also has disadvantages, namely the labor-intensive installation of piece elements and the need for scrupulous implementation of technological requirements.
Preparatory stage and calculations
Installation of ceramic tiles can be divided into two standard stages. The first of them consists of careful preliminary calculations and thorough preparation, the second part of the work is direct installation.
How many tiles should I buy?
A sauna roof made of natural tiles can have one, two, four or more slopes located at different angles. The tiles are installed with an overlap, the size of which depends on the steepness of the roof. The value obtained by subtracting the length required to form the overlap from the total length of the ceramic element is the useful length of the material. The usable width is indicated by the manufacturer in technical documents.
Based on the area obtained as a result of multiplying these “useful” parameters, the number of pieces required to equip one meter of roofing is calculated. But it is better to count the number of horizontal rows and vertical analogues, dividing the corresponding roof sizes by the usable width and length. All results obtained are rounded up with the expectation that entire ceramic parts will need to be trimmed.
Have you calculated? Now add another row of tiles to the result, as required when working with building ceramics, for “breaking” and trimming. Do not forget, using the same values, to calculate the number of additional parts for arranging the gables and ridge.
Calculation of material for waterproofing
Correct installation of natural tiles on roofs with a slope of up to 22º is carried out with the obligatory installation of a waterproofing layer. It is recommended to use rolled membrane material, laid with overlapping sheets of 10 cm, with overlaps along the lines of gable and pitched overhangs of 15 cm, with overlaps through protruding corners of 15-20 cm. The amount of material is calculated by multiplying total area slopes by 1.4.
Note. To ensure ventilation, the waterproofing membrane is laid at a distance of 30 cm from the ridge line. The ridge will need to be equipped with a special insulating tape.
The inlet will need to be left in the chimney passage area and in the wall junction area if the bathhouse is attached to a residential building.
Calculations of rafter legs and sheathing
The approximate weight of natural tiles per 1 m² of roofing is 40 kg. You also need to add the snow load characteristic of a particular region. Therefore, the rafter system must be powerful enough. But for its construction it is not necessary to use a thick beam; it is enough to shorten the installation step of the rafter legs. Optimal choice for the rafter leg - timber with rectangular cross-section with side sizes of 75 and 150 mm, maybe a little larger or smaller. It is recommended to install trusses every 90 cm, or even better after 60 cm.
To construct the sheathing, you need to buy timber with dimensions of 50×50 mm; a rectangular analogue of 40×60 mm is also suitable.
Important. The laths laid along the eaves should be approximately 15-20 mm wider than the ordinary elements. This is necessary to form a uniform plane of the slope, because the previous elements overlap.
The number of rows of sheathing is equal to the number of horizontal rows of tiles plus one row running along the eaves.
How much fasteners will be required?
For fastening you need galvanized screws and special clamps. Fix ceramic coating elements in areas of high wind load. It is mandatory to attach the bottom row running along the eaves line, the row along the pediment and the ridge. If the installation of a roof made of natural tiles is carried out on a steep roof with a slope of more than 50º, in addition checkerboard pattern ordinary elements are fixed. In this option, one fixed tile will hold the upper and lower “neighbors”.
An important stage of preparation is verification.
Before constructing the lathing under ceramic coating To avoid annoying mistakes and distortions, the dimensions of the rafter system being installed must be measured.
- At this stage, you can adjust the direction of the horizontal slats by arranging them in a fan pattern. In such situations, the distances between the laths are increased towards the larger pediment.
- Deviations in the vertical direction are eliminated using an identical fan method, by creating a slight backlash of the elements in the required direction.
Begin checking with diagonals along the slopes. If their sizes do not match, you need to measure each side of the pitched rectangle separately.
If roofing ceramics are installed on top of a waterproofing underlayment and insulation, the roof will need to be provided with two ventilation gaps. The first gap will be between the thermal insulation and the waterproofing membrane, the second between it and the coating. This way, natural ceramic tiles, wooden parts and insulation will be freed from excess moisture, thanks to which they will serve for a long time.
- The first ventilation gap can be formed either by installing a sheathing or by laying a 5 cm thick edged board along the ridge. If a diffusion film is used as a waterproofing material, in the formation of this ventilation duct not necessary.
- The second gap for ventilation is provided by the installation of a counter-lattice.
The entire area is covered with waterproofing flooring. Laying the canvas begins from the bottom, moving towards the ridge. Lay in a horizontal direction with obligatory overlap and fastening the sheets together with a stapler or tape. You will also need to fix the flooring around the perimeter in increments of 20 cm.
Note. Between the slats, the flooring should sag slightly. Approximately 3 cm. Thanks to the sagging, the accumulated condensation and moisture will flow into peculiar recesses without lingering on the building materials.
Next, the sheathing under the tiles is installed according to the calculations described above. After installing this element of the roof structure, control measurements are taken again. Verified correct installation lathing in a plane. If deviations of more than 5 mm are detected, leveling is carried out by lining wooden elements under the poles.
Installation ceramic elements
To ensure that laying natural tiles does not lead to destruction of the rafter system due to intensive movement along it, all the required material is lifted onto the roof at once. But you cannot place a heavy box of tiles on the rafters; you need to lay them out in stacks of 5 or 6 pieces, evenly distributing the batches over the roof.
- The first step is to lay out rows along the ridge and cornice without fixation. If it is not possible to place only whole parts in a row, trimming the ceramic elements is carried out on the ground with a grinding tool with a disc for cutting stone.
- Through the directions obtained as a result of the initial layout, the lines of the upcoming laying of vertical columns are marked with a dye cord. It is imperative to outline the pediment line and then lines every 3-5 vertical rows.
- The laid out tiles are fixed as indicated in the installation instructions for natural tiles, attached to the product by the manufacturer. According to the rules, they start from the lower right corner of the roof, moving in a row to the left, then up.
- Installation and fastening of additional parts for the ridge and gables is carried out. Before installing the shaped elements, it is installed on the ridge edged board, located edgewise. It should not come into contact with the ridge tiles. At the intersection points of the gable and ridge parts, they need to be adjusted to each other by trimming. To move safely on the roof under construction, you need to provide yourself with a safety harness. Experienced builders It is recommended to also arrange a rough sheathing.
Installing roofing ceramics is not an easy task. It is advisable to entrust it to professional performers. But even if installation is ordered, the owner needs to know the sequence and purpose of construction operations in order to promptly identify technological violations.