Red fruit mite
Damages most fruit crops and invades many forest species. Harmful in forest-steppe and regions with sufficient and increased moisture. In southern regions with precipitation less than 500 mm, tick damage is minimized.
The female's body is oval, 0.4 mm long. Coloration from light to cherry red with dark spots. The dorsal setae are needle-shaped and sit on white tubercles. The male is 0.3 mm long, the body is elongated, brownish-red, tapering towards the posterior end.
The eggs overwinter on the bark of branches, in the forks of branches and at the base of fruitlets. When large in number, they are colored red and are visible to the naked eye. The hatching of larvae is observed before flowering and during flowering of the apple tree. The larvae are red in color and concentrate on young leaves, where they feed. After 2-3 weeks, adults appear. Females begin laying eggs 2-4 days after hatching. Fertility is 60-90 eggs, but the laying period is extended. In August, females appear and lay overwintering eggs until late autumn. With the fall of leaves and the onset of frost, all mobile stages of mite development die. During the growing season, the pest develops in 4-5 generations.
Maliciousness:
Settling on the leaves, mites suck out the juices from them. In damaged leaves, the water balance is disturbed, the amount of chlorophyll decreases, and the process of photosynthesis is suspended. The plant is weakened. Fruits on trees heavily infested with mites develop small. Mites are dangerous for a tree during all periods of development - both during the period of active growth and during crop formation.
Mass reproduction of fruit mites in many cases is associated with inept selection and repeated use of organophosphorus and other drugs that cause the death of the predatory enemies of the mites. In some cases, an increase in the number of ticks is associated with an increase in their fertility under the influence of the stimulating effect of certain drugs on the pest organism and the emergence of drug-resistant populations. The brown fruit mite is not capable of forming acaricide-resistant mites, so it is replaced by hawthorn and red mites, which form populations resistant to chemicals.
Control measures:
Cleaning the trunks from old dead bark and whitewashing them lime mortar In the fall, fruit mites are also destroyed in their wintering areas.
A significant portion of overwintering pests are destroyed by spraying before buds open. The treatment prevents the mass reproduction of ticks in the spring, the most harmful period. This processing does not exclude re-application, but allows you to postpone spraying to a later period.
Hatched larvae of red and brown fruit mites from overwintered eggs and hatched oviparous females of hawthorn mites from wintering areas are destroyed by treatment during the period of bud opening or bud release. If there is a delay in treatment, spraying can be carried out after flowering. But by this period, some of the female hawthorn mites have already managed to lay eggs. Treatments during bud break and before flowering or immediately after it are also effective against gall mites. During this period, they emerge from the galls to settle.
If leaves are heavily infested and damaged during the summer, treatments against other pests and diseases should be combined to kill mites.
Damages most fruit crops and invades many forest species. Harmful in forest-steppe and regions with sufficient and increased moisture. In southern regions with precipitation less than 500 mm, tick damage is minimized.
The female's body is oval, 0.4 mm long. Color ranges from light to cherry red with dark spots. The dorsal setae are needle-shaped and sit on white tubercles. The male is 0.3 mm long, the body is elongated, brownish-red, tapering towards the posterior end.
The eggs overwinter on the bark of branches, in the forks of branches and at the base of fruitlets. When large in number, they are colored red and are visible to the naked eye. The hatching of larvae is observed before flowering and during flowering of the apple tree. The larvae are red in color and concentrate on young leaves, where they feed. After 2-3 weeks, adults appear. Females begin laying eggs 2-4 days after hatching. Fertility is 60-90 eggs, but the laying period is extended. In August, females appear and lay overwintering eggs until late autumn.
With the fall of leaves and the onset of frost, all mobile stages of tick development die. During the growing season, the pest develops in 4-5 generations.
Maliciousness:
Settling on the leaves, mites suck out the juices from them. In damaged leaves, the water balance is disturbed, the amount of chlorophyll decreases, and the process of photosynthesis is suspended. The plant is weakened. Fruits on trees heavily infested with mites develop small. Mites are dangerous for a tree during all periods of development - both during the period of active growth and during crop formation.
Mass reproduction of fruit mites in many cases is associated with inept selection and repeated use of organophosphorus and other drugs that cause the death of the predatory enemies of the mites. In some cases, an increase in the number of ticks is associated with an increase in their fertility under the influence of the stimulating effect of certain drugs on the pest organism and the emergence of drug-resistant populations. The brown fruit mite is not able to form populations resistant to acaricides; therefore, it is replaced by hawthorn and red fruit mites, which form populations resistant to chemicals.
Control measures:
. Cleaning the trunks from old dead bark and whitewashing them with lime mortar in the fall destroys hawthorn, red and brown fruit mites in their wintering areas.
. A significant portion of overwintering pests are destroyed by spraying before buds open. The treatment prevents the mass reproduction of ticks in the spring, the most harmful period. This treatment does not exclude the repeated use of chemicals, but allows you to postpone spraying to a later period.
. Hatched larvae of red and brown fruit mites from overwintered eggs and hatched oviparous females of hawthorn mites from wintering areas are destroyed by treatment during the period of bud opening or bud release. If there is a delay in treatment, spraying can be carried out after flowering. But by this period, some of the females of the boletus mite have already managed to lay eggs. Treatments during bud break and before flowering or immediately after it are also effective against gall mites. During this period, they emerge from the Gauls to settle.
. If leaves are heavily populated and damaged during the summer, treatments against other pests and diseases should be combined to kill mites.
Since some types of mites easily form populations resistant to acaricides, during chemical treatments it is necessary to provide for the alternate use of recommended acaricides. This makes it possible to delay the emergence of tick populations that are resistant to chemicals.
Spider mites
Class: Arachnids - Arachnida
Squad: Trombidiform mites - Trombidiformes
Family: Spider mites — Tetranychidae
The polyphagous pest affects almost all plants. When damaged by spider mites, small dots (puncture marks) appear on the leaves. This pest feeds on plant sap, so when infected over time, necrotic spots first appear on the leaves, and then the leaves completely die. A characteristic feature of the pest is the formation of a web, in which they are visible.
Spider mites have small size(0.3-0.6 mm), rounded body, under magnification you can see sparse bristles on it. Females are slightly larger than males. When all types of this pest infect a plant, they entwine it with a light web.
Spider mites live in colonies that number hundreds of representatives. Pests hide in the soil, on the underside of leaves, under plant debris. Both larvae and adults are harmful.
The body color of spider mites is most often yellow, brown or green. Sometimes they have dark spots on the sides of the body. Overwintering nonfeeding females are usually tan or red in color.
Mite development lasts on average 15-26 days, depending on weather conditions. Adult females live up to 4 weeks and lay hundreds of eggs during their lives. From the laid eggs, young larvae hatch after three years. At the same time, eggs can retain their viability for up to 5 years, which makes pest control impossible unless drugs that act on the eggs are applied.
All adult spider mites have 4 pairs of legs and belong to the genus spiders.
Common spider mite
Common spider mite - Tetranychus urticae Common spider mite — Tetranychus urticae Koch
The pest damages almost all types of plants in open and closed soil.
An adult common spider mite is 0.3-0.5 mm long, greenish-yellow in color with dark spots on the sides. Overwintering females are reddish-orange. The eggs are small, up to 0.12 mm, round, translucent, green with a yellow tint.
Females in diapause overwinter in the crevices of greenhouses, under plant debris, under pieces of soil, in beehives. The reactivation period for overwintering females at temperatures from 0 to +10 °C is 45-60 days, that is, before the start of the growing season, the tick begins to reproduce. When the pest infests winter greenhouses, the first 4-5 generations live under short-day conditions (February-April). Due to the high daytime temperature (23-25, most of the population does not respond to the short day and continues to develop, while 20-30% of the females, which are located in cool places, enter diapause, leave the plants and reactivate. After a period of reactivation (35-60 days) the pest returns to the plants and reproduces, thus, in the tactics of protection against spider mites in greenhouses. winter period The main importance is to identify the pest during the first colonies and destroy the females of the first generation. If some of the females manage to go into winter diapause, it will be very difficult to get rid of them.
Spider mite video
Red fruit mite
Red fruit mite – Panonychus ulmi Koch.
This pest is widespread and damages almost everything. fruit crops and many ornamental plants. It causes the greatest harm to apple and plum trees.
The female is red or brown, up to 0.44 mm long, the back is convex with long pubescent points. The male is smaller, up to 0.3 mm, orange-red, the male’s body is narrowed at the rear edge. The eggs are round, 0.14-0.15 mm, red with long stems. Larva with three pairs of legs.
The red fruit mite overwinters in the egg stage in diapause on the bark, branches and shoots. During the pink bud phase, a massive emergence of larvae begins; they crawl onto the buds and young leaves and begin to feed. Female red fruit mites live up to 39 days, during which time they lay up to 150 eggs. In the temperate climate zone it produces 5-6 generations.
Larvae and adults suck the juice from the buds and leaves. On damaged leaves, yellow necrotic spots appear along the veins, after which the leaf turns gray and falls off.
Onion root mite
Onion root mite – Rhizoglyphus echinopus F.et R.
The most damaging agents are onions, shallots, leeks, garlic, and bulbs of ornamental plants. It can also feed on potato tubers, dahlias, heads of rotting cabbage, radishes, carrots and radishes. Onions are harmful both in the soil and during storage.
The onion root mite is oval-shaped, whitish-glassy in color, the legs are short, thick red-brown, and the mouthparts are of the same color. The length of females is 1.1 mm, and that of males is 0.78 mm. It can live both in open and closed ground, and in storage. The female lays from 100 to 800 eggs. After birth, the mite penetrates through the bottom of the bulb under the husk and feeds there. The damaged bottom lags behind, and the bulb begins to rot.
Methods of protection against spider mites
Prevention of the occurrence of the pest is compliance with crop rotation, weed control, timely harvesting of the field from plant residues. Also, spider mites do not like moisture, so frequent watering or spraying will reduce the possibility of pest occurrence.
When protecting crops from onion root mites, it is necessary to warm up planting material at a temperature of 35-37 ° C for 5-7 days, do the same with harvested so that the tick does not move into the storage.
Marigolds repel spider mites and can be used to protect plantings vegetable crops and flowers. To do this, marigolds are planted between rows or along the perimeter of the plot.
If you need to protect garden territory from spider mites, then for this you can use folk methods - infusions and decoctions of onions, onion peels, garlic, cyclamen tubers, dandelions, potato tops. These decoctions are sprayed on the affected plants.
TO biological methods control may include the use of a predatory mite. And to protect cucumbers from spider mites, the drug Actofit, e.g., is used. 2 ml/m2.
TO chemical method control includes treating plants with insecticides. When vegetables are damaged by a pest during the growing season, use the drug Talstar, e.g. 0.48-0.60 l/ha, Actellik 500 EC, e.g. 3-5 l/ha. Number of treatments – 2-3, waiting lines 3 days.
Fruit crops are sprayed with 30B, k.e., before buds open. 40 l/ha. In the green cone phase before the pink bud or after the flowering of stone fruits, insectoacaricides are used - e.g. 0.8-2 l/ha, Zolon 35, k.e. 2.5-3 l/ha, 480, k.e. 2 l/ha, Commander, w.r.k. 0.2 l/ha and others.
To protect the storage facility, disinfestation is carried out with sulfur gas (100 g of sulfur per 1 m2).
Apollo c.s. ( active substance clofentezine, 500 g/l)
The drug has a detrimental effect on spider mite eggs and their early stages of development. Used on grapes, fruit crops and strawberries. Spray the plants during the growing season.
Application rate, l/ha:
- Grapes – 0.24 – 0.36
- Apple tree – 0.4 – 0.6
- Strawberry – 0.3 – 0.4
Aktofit, k.e. - biological drug. Application rate: tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, fruit crops, grapes, hops, ornamental plants - 4 ml/l, strawberries - 5 ml/l.
Views: 3796
30.05.2017
VR name from time to time personal plots There is such an unpleasant phenomenon as an invasion of fruit mites. These dangerous garden pests primarily attack apple and pear trees.
In total, the number of tick species in the world is about fifty thousand species.
Popular among fruit pests are the red apple mite and the spider or common mite. In addition, pears are often infested by the so-called gall pear mite, and recently a variety of this insect called the Schlechtendahl mite has become widespread.
Ticks are dangerous because they have a piercing-sucking mouthpart, which allows the insect to pull juices from the leaves of fruit trees, after which they wither and fall, and the fruits on the affected branches gradually become smaller and wrinkled.
If the garden is heavily infested, fruit yield losses can reach thirty (!) percent.
Description of fruit mites
Fruit mites do not lead a very mobile lifestyle and can survive even in the most extreme conditions, since evolution has provided them with high adaptability in any climatic zone.
Fruit mites are very small insects (their length is only half a millimeter). The adult has a rounded, flat body with four pairs of legs.
With the onset of spring warmth, ticks leave their wintering places en masse (insects spend the winter most often in cracks and recesses in trees at the base of the trunk, either hiding in the bark, or under carrion, or in last year’s leaves and weeds), and begin to make their way up the trunks to blossoming fruit buds. After waiting for the first leaves to appear, the mites crawl onto them. back side, where they lay eggs, often entangling them with small cobwebs. During strong gusts of wind, ticks can fly from one tree to another.
On average, the female lays about sixty eggs. This is not much, if you do not take into account the fact that one female tick is capable of reproducing up to ten (!) generations of pests during the summer season.
After some time, small larvae appear from the eggs, which begin to actively suck the juice from the leaves, causing them to wither, turn brown, and soon fall off.
Red apple mite
Red fruit or apple mite ( lat. Panonychus ultni Koch) is the most common harmful insect in the mite family, and can damage apple, pear, plum, cherry, apricot, peach, rowan, sloe and even rose bushes.
You can determine the presence of a mite on a tree by numerous light spots and dots in those places where the mite has passed through the plant. The leaves in such a place turn gray with a reddish tint, and appear as if crushed by road dust.
The red apple mite is oval in shape and, as its name suggests, is bright red, cherry or brown in color. Males are somewhat smaller than females and have more slender body contours.
The mouthparts of the fruit mite, as mentioned above, are of the piercing-sucking type, therefore, this insect, despite its small size, causes great damage to garden trees.
The red apple mite overwinters in the egg stage (bright red or orange color), which are found in cracks in the bark, on the forks of branches, at the base of annual growths, in the recesses of twigs and branches. The larvae appear with the first warm weather (usually in April-May), as soon as the buds begin to bloom on the fruit trees (usually coinciding with the release of buds in the Antonovka apple tree) and ends immediately with flowering.
The larvae are red in color and have three pairs of legs. As they mature, they lighten and become yellowish-brown. At first they feed on the juice of buds and flower buds, and then completely switch to leaves (living and feeding on their undersides). With age, the matured and strengthened tick larvae no longer disdain either the fruits of the tree or its juicy young shoots.
Already at the end of May, adult females of the first generation appear and are capable of reproducing offspring.
In one season, the female apple mite gives approximately four to five, and when favorable conditions and up to eight generations of pests, laying approximately forty to ninety eggs. Moreover, the female apple mite, unlike its counterparts, does not form a web. Her eggs are spherical in shape and a rich, bright red color.
First the pest colonizes inner part the crown of the tree, and then, as the food supply is destroyed, it rises higher and higher up the trunk.
If there are many clutches on a tree, they are arranged in two or even three layers, so the plant may appear red or pinkish from a distance.
When a tree is heavily infested, the total mass per unit surface area of its leaves decreases sharply, which can lead to a loss of approximately forty percent (!) of chlorophyll.
The pest begins laying eggs for wintering approximately in the second half of summer and continues until late autumn, until the temperature drops to nine degrees Celsius.
A female apple mite lays one or two, and sometimes three or four eggs per day.
Methods for controlling ticks
To prevent the appearance of pests, it is necessary to remove all fallen leaves from under the tree trunks in the fall, clean wire brush old bark in those places where it peels off, peels off and peels off, remove and burn all old branches. These simple procedures will help destroy the future wintering sites of a new generation of ticks.
As practice shows, large number insects fall into, so they must be promptly treated with boiling water to destroy the insects.
It must be remembered that hot and dry summers are most suitable for the reproduction of pests, but coolness and moisture, on the contrary, have a negative effect on ticks.
To detect this dangerous insect, you need to carefully observe the color of the leaves on fruit trees and as soon as yellow spots and dots appear on them, this will be a signal that there may be ticks in the garden. To fully verify the presence of harmful insects, it is better to arm yourself with a magnifying glass, since the size of the insect is very small.
Ticks reproduce quite quickly and under favorable conditions; no more than one week can pass from the formation of a clutch to the formation of an adult individual.
If there are only a few ticks, you can try to overcome them with folk remedies.
Traditional methods tick control
In the event that there is no desire to fight ticks using harmful pesticides, and there are not very many insects in the garden, you can use the folk way by creating a strong tobacco infusion, which is used to treat the trees. To do this you will need one kilogram of tobacco dust, but you can also use ordinary shag. The tobacco must be diluted in ten liters of water, then strain the solution and let it brew.
Then the volume of the infusion must be increased to twenty liters and a piece of laundry soap must be added inside (about 50 grams to ensure the solution sticks) and you can go to treat the trees. For greater efficiency, it is advisable to repeat the spraying procedure after about a week.
To combat pests, you can also use chamomile infusion. For this purpose, one kilogram of dried wildflowers pour a bucket of water and let it brew for ten hours, after which the solution must be filtered and can be used. After seven days, it is advisable to repeat the treatment of the trees.
If there is a massive and rapid proliferation of mites in the garden, putting the fruit harvest at risk, insecticides will have to be used.
Chemical methods tick control
It is necessary to spray trees in the garden with insecticides twice: immediately after the ovary appears and a month before the actual harvest.
In spring and summer, it is useful to spray with ether sulfonate (at the rate of three grams of product per liter of water) or colloidal sulfur (ten grams of sulfur per liter of water).
It must be remembered that during mass reproduction of ticks, it is necessary to exclude the treatment of the garden with pyrethroid preparations used against the codling moth.
To combat ticks, it is best to use preparations based on insectoacaricides, such as Danadim, Fufanon, Fitoverm, and in case of mass reproduction of tick colonies, when fruit trees is at risk of infection, use specific acaricides, such as Apollo, Demitan, Neoron, Nissoran and others.