When implementing construction work for the construction of a residential building, a specialist needs to perform a large number of different tasks, some of which are: drawing up and calculating estimated cost before the final finishing of the premises of a residential building. It is mandatory to calculate the required amount of various building materials, which is quite difficult to do. Therefore, such knowledge - how many boards are in a cube - has a very important for a specialist who is engaged in the construction of a residential building and wants to complete the work as efficiently and quickly as possible.
Buying club: existing types of boards
To calculate exactly how many board pieces are in a cube, you will need to know not only what exactly a board cube means, but it is worth understanding important point that there are different types of boards and what is possible to purchase on modern market for performing various construction works. It should be noted that the cube of almost all materials, regardless of the type of material, is calculated in the same way, that is, according to one specific method. The types of boards have no influence on the calculation of the cubic capacity of this building material.
Non-grooved types of lumber are: timber, various edged boards, as well as unedged boards (they are an exception when calculating cubic capacity, because this process occurs a little differently). Tongue-and-groove types (which have special grooves for making joints) include: modern lining, blockhouse, flooring material, as well as imitation of natural timber. When you choose a tongue-and-groove type of building material for purchase, then you will need to pay attention to the fact that when making calculations, only the working width of the board without a tenon is used. If we talk about a blockhouse (imitation log), then when calculating the cubic capacity, only the thickness at its highest point is taken.
How many boards are in 1 cube: performing the calculation
Any person, even from his school days, understands how cubic capacity is calculated. For this procedure, it is necessary to calculate quantities such as: length, width and height. A similar principle is used to calculate the cubic capacity of 1 board. When performing such calculations, it is recommended to convert all available values into meters. The cubic capacity of 1 board, which has a cross-section of 150x20 mm. and a length of 6 m, is calculated as follows: 0.15 multiplied by 0.02 and 6, so that the cubic capacity of this board will be 0.018 cubic meters.
Let's apply the volume formula V= L*h*b (where L is length, h is height, b is width).
L= 6.0; h= 0.02; b= 0.15.
Thus, V= 6.0*0.02*0.15 = 0.018 m3.
To determine how many boards are in one cube: divide 1 m3 by cubic capacity (the volume of one board).
1 m 3 / V = N pcs.
1 m 3 / 0.018 m 3 = 55.55 pcs.
Thus, the number of boards in one cube is 55.5 pieces.
Find out the cost certain type boards, when the values of its volume are known quite easily: 0.018 is multiplied by the price of 1 cubic meter. When 1 cube of a certain type of board costs, for example, 5,500 rubles, then the cost will be 99 rubles. At this point in the calculation, there is some trick of sellers and managers in construction stores, because the cubic capacity of the material is rounded to some integer values.
Such rounding can lead to such a moment that the price of 1 board (when 1 cube costs 5500) will be completely different values. In addition to all this, it should be noted that various boards for construction, which have a nominal length of 6 meters, actually have a length of 6.1 - 6.2 m, which is not taken into account when selling this building material. This also applies to the purchase of a significant number of boards. This can be seen quite clearly if we use a 150x20 mm board as an example. The number of boards in a cube is a value of 55.5 pcs. But, in a cube they count 55 pieces, which when performing the calculation will have a value of 0.99 cubic meters. In fact, it follows from this that the overpayment for 1 cubic meter of this popular building material can amount to 1% of the real price. For example, 5500 instead of 4995 rubles.
To calculate the cubic capacity for a continuous type of board, slightly different methods are used. When we are talking about buying 1 board, then measuring its thickness, as well as the total length, is carried out in the same way as when choosing edged building material. In this case, the average width is taken for calculations - between a large value and a small one.
For example, when the width of the board at one end is 25 cm, and at the other 20, then the average value will be approximately 22 centimeters. When it is necessary to calculate the volume of a significant number of similar boards for construction, then you will need to lay them out so that the wide one does not differ from the narrow one, more than 10 cm. The main length of this material in the laid out stack should be approximately the same. After this, using a regular tape measure, an accurate measurement is made of the height of the entire existing stack of boards, and the width is measured (approximately in the very middle). The result obtained will then need to be multiplied by a special coefficient, amounting to a value from 0.07 to 0.09, directly dependent on the existing air gap.
How many boards are in 1 cube: special tables
To calculate the exact number of boards of a certain width and length in 1 cubic meter, various tables are used. Below are several such specialized tables, which indicate the cubic capacity of the common and in demand types of this material today. Calculate the volume of various boards having various sizes, for example, material for constructing a fence on your site, you have the opportunity to independently use the existing formula, which is presented above.
Table of the amount of edged boards in 1 cubic meter
| Board size | Volume of 1st board (m 3) | Number of boards in 1m 3 (pcs.) | Number of square meters in 1m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Twenty | |||
| Board 20x100x6000 | 0.012 m 3 | 83 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x120x6000 | 0.0144 m 3 | 69 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x150x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x180x6000 | 0.0216 m 3 | 46 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x200x6000 | 0.024 m 3 | 41 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x250x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Twenty-five | |||
| Board 25x100x6000 | 0.015 m 3 | 67 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x120x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x150x6000 | 0.0225 m 3 | 44 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x180x6000 | 0.027 m 3 | 37 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x200x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x250x6000 | 0.0375 m 3 | 26 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Thirty | |||
| Board 30x100x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x120x6000 | 0.0216 m 3 | 46 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x150x6000 | 0.027 m 3 | 37 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x180x6000 | 0.0324 m 3 | 30 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x200x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x250x6000 | 0.045 m 3 | 22 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Thirty-two | |||
| Board 32x100x6000 | 0.0192 m 3 | 52 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x120x6000 | 0.023 m 3 | 43 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x150x6000 | 0.0288 m 3 | 34 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x180x6000 | 0.0346 m 3 | 28 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x200x6000 | 0.0384 m 3 | 26 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x250x6000 | 0.048 m 3 | 20 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Sorokovka | |||
| Board 40x100x6000 | 0.024 m 3 | 41 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x120x6000 | 0.0288 m 3 | 34 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x150x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x180x6000 | 0.0432 m 3 | 23 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x200x6000 | 0.048 m 3 | 20 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x250x6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Fifty | |||
| Board 50x100x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x120x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x150x6000 | 0.045 m 3 | 22 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x180x6000 | 0.054 m 3 | 18 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x200x6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x250x6000 | 0.075 m 3 | 13 pcs. | 20 m2 |
Table of the amount of timber in 1 cubic meter
| Beam size | Volume of 1st piece (m³) | Quantity of timber in 1m³ (pcs.) |
|---|---|---|
| 100×100×6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. |
| 100×150×6000 | 0.09 m 3 | 11 pcs. |
| 150×150×6000 | 0.135 m 3 | 7 pcs. |
| 100×180×6000 | 0.108 m 3 | 9 pcs. |
| 150×180×6000 | 0.162 m 3 | 6 pcs. |
| 180×180×6000 | 0.1944 m 3 | 5 pcs. |
| 100×200×6000 | 0.12 m 3 | 8 pcs. |
| 150×200×6000 | 0.18 m 3 | 5.5 pcs. |
| 180×200×6000 | 0.216 m 3 | 4.5 pcs. |
| 200×200×6000 | 0.24 m 3 | 4 pcs. |
| 250×200×6000 | 0.3 m 3 | 3 pcs. |
Table of the amount of unedged boards in 1 cubic meter
- How to calculate cubic capacity without using tables?
For industrial procurement round timber It is quite difficult to determine its cubic capacity. To accurately calculate the volume of each log, you can use the formula for the volume of a truncated cone, which takes into account the main diameters of both cuts and the length of the log itself.
Round timber is very convenient and practical for building houses, bathhouses and other residential and non-residential premises.
In fact, the cubic size of round timber is not calculated in such a complex way. It is accepted all over the world to be considered more in a fast way. Special tables are used for this.
How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?
Cubic meter of wood and folding cubic meter round forest.
Just a few years ago, to calculate the volume of a single tree, they used the product of the arithmetic average of the area of the cuts and the length of the tree. Using a meter (reminiscent of an ordinary caliper), the diameter of the tree in its middle part was determined. Then it was multiplied by 3 to obtain the cross-sectional area.
Next, the resulting number was multiplied by the length of the workpiece, and a volumetric result was obtained. This method of calculation is inaccurate, since the thickness of the bark is not taken into account. The number Pi was taken with a large deviation from the real one, and the formula in its distorted form gave large errors.
The formula itself looks like this: the diameter of a rounded log is divided by 2 and squared, then multiplied by Pi and the length of the log.
Even if you measure the thickness of the bark and take this into account to determine the diameter of the tree, deviations from real indicators will be inaccurate, although with a smaller error. More accurate calculations showed that the actual deviations in the calculations of the cubic capacity of a round log during primitive measurements have a certain dependence on the parameters of the tree, which was taken into account when compiling the corresponding tables to determine the volumetric parameter. Let's try to figure out how to calculate the cubic capacity of the forest. For this you will need:
- roulette;
- corresponding calculation tables, where there is a finite cubic capacity.
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Technology for calculating the volume of a single log
First, you need to use a tape measure to measure the length of the tree and its diameter at the top of the cut (excluding the bark). After this, let’s look at the tabular parameters: at the intersection of the line indicating the length of the tree and the column indicating the corresponding diameter, we find the volume of the measured body. Everything is simple and reliable.
Such calculations also cannot be called absolutely accurate, since the features in which the forest was grown and the shape of the trunk are not taken into account. But with large volumes of workpieces, it is customary not to pay attention to such trifles.
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Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber
For industrial volumes of round logs, other techniques and tabular data are used. In essence, a round forest in a stored state has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Calculations of its volume are familiar to everyone from school. But this method cannot be used, since the size of the voids between the logs will not be taken into account. By the way, they also directly depend on the diameter of the logs, which can be calculated mathematically.
Through numerous calculations, the coefficient was determined, with the help of which a special table was compiled. It works similarly to the previously described table, with the only difference being that the volume of the mentioned parallelepiped and average thickness of the upper cut. The cubic capacity of the forest can be calculated with great accuracy.
Types of lumber and their volume.
But one cannot hope for good accuracy of calculations when stacking forest products inaccurately. This procedure is not used when warehouse storage timber, since in this case the volume occupied by round timber directly in the warehouse is estimated.
It is very easy to calculate the cubic capacity after preliminary weighing of the forest.
Next, you need to calculate the volume by dividing the mass of the forest by the density, which corresponds to the type of wood. This calculation also cannot be considered ideal, since the forest has a deviation in density at different degrees of maturity. The moisture content of the wood can also play a special role here.
If there are no problems with determining weight and volume, for example, when purchasing liquids or bulk materials, then with timber the situation is the opposite. Here, the system for determining the volume of the required quantity of a given raw material raises a lot of questions, because no one wants to pay extra money.
Instructions
1.
2. First, the measured batch of commercial slab should be sorted into 2 groups. One group consists of boards longer than 2 m, the other less than 2 m. Stacking is done with thick and thin ends alternately in different directions, while the surface of the slab remains at the bottom and at the top. The stack should be super-compact and tightly stacked at right angles and have an identical height.
4. The volume of lumber from coniferous and deciduous wood can be determined by two methods. The first method involves freezing the entire block or board, and then the volume, after which the results are summed up.
5.
6. Absolutely, it’s worth focusing separately on measuring the cubic capacity of a round forests. Here you have to measure each log separately - the length and width of the upper and lower ends. The special tables by which these calculations are made are called cubeturns, which were discussed above.
7. After the volume of the entire log has been measured individually, addition is performed and the total cubic capacity is obtained. Currently, a corresponding computer program already exists.
If there are no problems with determining weight and volume, for example, when purchasing liquids or bulk materials, then with timber the situation is the opposite. Here, the system for determining the volume of the required quantity of a given raw material raises a lot of questions, because no one wants to pay extra money.
Instructions
1. It turns out that not all clients realize how many types of wood actually exist. And tea differs from each other in the degree of processing, type, grade, which directly affects its cost. Here's how to calculate the volume of slab - a very popular type of lumber.
2. First, the measured batch of commercial slab should be sorted into 2 groups. One group consists of boards with a length of more than 2 m, the other - less than 2 m. Stacking is done with thick and thin ends alternately in different directions, while the surface of the slab remains at the bottom and at the top. The stack should be super-compact and tightly stacked at right angles and have an identical height.
4. The volume of lumber from coniferous and deciduous wood can be determined by two methods. The first method involves freezing each block or board, and then the volume, after which the results are summed up.
5. The 2nd method is with the help of a cubeturner, a special table prepared for determining the volume of such lumber. The measurement of boards related to unedged lumber. In this case, the width of one-sided trim and not edged boards is calculated as half the sum of the upper and lower planes.
6. Undoubtedly, it is worthwhile to dwell separately on measuring the cubic capacity of round timber. Here you have to measure each log separately - the length and width of the upper and lower ends. The special tables by which these calculations are made are called cubeturns, which were discussed above.
7. After the volume of each log is measured separately, addition is performed and the total cubic capacity is obtained. Currently, a corresponding computer program already exists.
Video on the topic
16.06.2014 21:04
After all the ideas for implementing the construction of a house have been worked out and selected final version building a house from rounded logs, the question arises how much such a house will cost you. To determine cost of building a log house from rounded logs , you need to know how many cubes of logs are in this log house. In this article we will try to explain in detail how to calculate the cubic capacity for the construction of rounded logs.
Calculation of cubic capacity of rounded logs
The simplest way to calculate is using the formula - πr². H
Π — 3,14
r² — radius of a rounded log squared
N - length of rounded log
Substitute the data into the formula:
3.14 *(0.11 m)²* 6m= 0.228 m3
So, we got how many cubes are in one rounded log with a diameter of 220 mm. Next, you need to calculate the number of logs in your house and multiply the resulting amount by the cubic capacity of one log (0.228 m3). You can easily count the number of logs in a wall, but initially you need to determine for yourself how high the floor will be.
Calculating the cubic capacity of lumber is not an easy task, but necessary
It is also necessary to add 7% to the resulting height by shrinkage , if the log has natural moisture.
For example, the height of the first floor is 2.9 meters. The height of one log is 220 mm minus the lunar groove will be 190.5 mm. Next, we divide the floor height of 2.9 m by the thickness of the log without a groove - 0.19 m, having previously converted all the numbers into meters.
2.9: 0.19 = 15.26 pieces. We got required quantity logs with a diameter of 220 mm in order to build a floor 2.9 meters high. You must not forget to add 7% for shrinkage of the house. In total you will get 16 crowns. Now, to find out the full volume of the floor of a 6x6 house, 16 crowns high, you need to perform the following calculation:
16 (crowns) * 4 (walls) * 0.228 (volume of one log) = 14.6 m3 of logs. Now, to find out the cost of a rounded log for the entire log house, you need to multiply the number of cubes obtained by the price of the log for one cube. The cost of one meter of cubic rounded log can be found Here .
To perform calculations for other log diameters, we offer you a number of pre-calculated tables, using which you will certainly find answers to your questions.
Article prepared by the company ASK Egida , which performs construction of houses from logs and provides wide range of construction services in the suburban housing construction market.
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Methodology for calculating the mass and volume of logging residues
One of the tasks when developing a draft technological regulation for the process of handling construction and demolition waste is to calculate the mass and volume of logging residues formed during the cutting down of green spaces (tree removal) in the construction or demolition zone.
The official methodology for calculating the mass and volume of logging residues for these purposes in Russian Federation No. The initial data for such calculations is information about the trees to be cut down (species, height and thickness at a height of 1.3 m) and shrubs (young trees), given in the count sheet from the design documentation for the construction (demolition) project.
This article presents a method for calculating the mass and volume of logging residues developed in our company. As the basis for its development, tabular data from the All-Union standards for forest taxation, approved by Order of the USSR State Forestry Committee of February 28, 1989 No. 38, was used.
1) Data from Table 17 “Volumes of trunks (in the bark) in young trees by height and diameter at a height of 1.3 m” - to determine the volume of trunks of young growth and shrubs.
Cube for round logs
As a result of processing the given data to determine the average ratio between the diameter (D), height (h) and volume (V) of one trunk, the calculated shape coefficient (Kp from Table 1) was determined, which with an accuracy of +/- 10% allows you to determine the volume of the trunk by formula Vst=Кn*h*пD2/4.
2) Data from tables 18 and 19 “Volumes of trunks (in the bark) of tree species by height and diameter at a height of 1.3 m with an average shape coefficient” - to determine the volume of trunks of various tree species. As a result of processing the given data to determine the average ratio between the diameter (D), height (h) and volume (Vst) of one trunk, calculated coefficients were determined for some of the tree species listed in the table, which with an accuracy of +/-10% allows us to determine the volume of the trunk according to the formula Vst=Кn*h*пD2/4. The calculated form factors are given in Table 1
3) Data from table 185 “Weight of 1 cubic meter. m and volume 1 t of wood different breeds" - to determine the mass of wood, the mass values of one cubic meter of the corresponding wood species from the column “freshly cut” were used, or from the column “dry” - for dead wood.
4) Data from table 206 “Volume of bark, twigs, stumps and roots” to determine the volume of twigs and branches, as well as stumps and roots as a percentage of the volume of trunks. For the calculation, average values from the interval given in the tables were used. The volume of twigs and branches is 7% of the volume of trunks, the volume of stumps and roots is 23% of the volume of trunks.
5) Data from Table 187 “Fully wooded brushwood and cottonwood coefficients” - to determine the folded volume of twigs and branches from the full wooded volume using a conversion factor of 10.
FKKO-2014 contains codes for the following waste:
1 52 110 01 21 5 Waste of twigs, branches, tips from logging
1 52 110 02 21 5 Stump uprooting waste
1 54 110 01 21 5 Low-value wood waste (brushwood, dead wood, trunk fragments).
Therefore, the calculation of the mass and volume of logging residues must be calculated by type of waste:
- trunks of trees, young growth and shrubs cut down according to the accounting list can be classified as waste of low-value wood (brushwood, dead wood, fragments of trunks);
- twigs and branches - to waste of twigs, branches, tips from logging;
- stumps and roots - waste from stump uprooting.
For the technological regulations of the Process of handling construction and demolition waste, it is necessary to calculate the mass of waste, but for temporary storage in storage bins and their removal from the construction site, it is necessary to estimate the volume of logging residues, and in the storage volume.
The calculation is made using the Excel application. An example of an Excel page table header is shown in Table 2.
The calculation was carried out in the following order:
1) Filling out the initial data according to the accounting sheet;
column 2 - line number of the accounting sheet;
column 3 - wood type;
column 4 - number of trees;
column 5 - minimum trunk diameter from the interval specified in the counting sheet;
column 6 - the only value of the trunk diameter indicated in the counting sheet;
column 7 - maximum trunk diameter from the interval specified in the counting sheet;
column 8 - minimum trunk height from the interval specified in the counting sheet;
column 9 is the only value of the trunk height indicated in the counting sheet;
column 10 - maximum trunk height from the interval specified in the counting sheet;
column 11 - additional number of trunks - if in the column “characteristics of the state of green spaces” n trunks for one tree are indicated, then in column 11 it is indicated (<значение графы 11>= (n-1)*<значение графы 4>.
2) Calculation of the average value of the trunk diameter if there is an interval:<среднее значение диаметра ствола (графа 6)> = (<значение минимального диаметра (графа 5)>+<максимальное значение диметра (графа 7)>)/2;
3) Determination of the volume of one trunk<объем ствола (графа 12)>is made according to Vst = Kn*h*пD2/4, where Kn is the corresponding shape coefficient from Table 1, D is the average trunk diameter, h is the average trunk height. Calculation of the volume of one trunk:<объем ствола в куб.м (графа 12)>=Кn* π*(<диаметр ствола в см (графа 6>/100)* (<диаметр ствола в см (графа 6>/100)*< высота ствола в м (графа 9)>/ 4);
4) Calculation of the dense measure of trunk volume Vpl=Vst*nst, where nst is the total number of trunks:<плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)> = <средний объем ствола в куб.м (графа 12)>*(<число деревьев или кустов (графа 4)>+<число дополнительных стволов (графы 11)>). For one bush, the number of additional trunks is taken to be 5;
5) Calculation of folding measures (when storing or transporting, it is necessary to take into account the average volume of space occupied by tree trunks or bushes:<складочная мера объема стволов (графа 14)>= <плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)>*4/p;
6) Calculation of the volume of twigs and branches depending on the volume of the trunk is carried out in accordance with paragraph d) of this article:<объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)> = <плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)> *<переводной коэффициент (графа 15=0,007)>. In folding measure - according to paragraph e) of this article:<объем сучьев и ветвей в складочной мере (графа 18)> = <объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>*<переводной коэффициент (графа 17=10)>;
7) Calculation of the volume of stumps and roots from the volume of the trunk is carried out in accordance with paragraph d) of this article:<объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)> = < плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)>*<переводной коэффициент (графа 19=0,23)>. In the fold measure, the volume of stumps and roots is assumed to be double volume:<объем пней и корней в складочной мере (графа 21)> =<объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>*2.
8) Calculation of the total volume of wood in a dense measure:<полный объем (графа 22)> = <объем стволов в плотной мере (графа 13)>+<объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>+< объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>;
9) Calculation of the total volume of wood in a folding measure ( this indicator most objectively allows you to assess the need for the capacity of bodies (containers) vehicles for removal of logging residues):<полный объем древесины в складочной мере (графа 23)> = <складочная мера объема стволов (графа 14)>+ <объем сучьев и ветвей в складочной мере (графа 18)>+ <объем пней и корней в складочной мере (графа 21)>
10) The volumetric weight of wood in a dense measure (density in t/m3) is recorded in column 24 in accordance with paragraph c) of this article, for species not listed in table 185 - in accordance with Appendix 3 to SNiP II-25-80 (Density of wood and plywood ).
11) Calculation of the weight of the trunks:<вес стволов (графа 22)> = <объем стволов в плотной мере (графа 13)>*<объемный вес древесины (графа 21)>;
12) Calculation of the weight of twigs and branches:<вес сучьев и ветвей (графа 26)> = <объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>*< объемный вес древесины (графа 24)>;
13) Calculation of the weight of stumps and roots:<вес пней и корней (графа 27)> = <объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>*< объемный вес древесины (графа 24)>;
14) Total weight exported waste (logging residues):<вес вывозимого отхода (графа 28)> = <вес стволов (графа 25)> + <вес сучьев и ветвей (графа 26)>+<вес пней и корней (графа 27)>
Thus, the proposed methodology allows you to calculate the volume (both full and folded) and weight of logging residues with differentiation by type of waste based on the initial data of the counting sheet, as well as estimate the required volume of storage bins or vehicle bodies and the number of vehicle trips for their removal.
K.Nikonenko
There is no point in making the same calculations several times if the source data does not change. A rounded log with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 6 meters will always have the same volume, regardless of who is doing the counting and in which city. Only the formula V=πr²l gives the correct answer.
How to calculate forest cubic capacity
Therefore, the volume of one central bank will always be V=3.14×(0.1)²×6=0.1884 m³. In practice, in order to eliminate the time of carrying out standard calculations, cubatures are used. Such useful and informative tables are created for various types lumber. They help to save time and find out the cubic capacity of round timber, boards, central fiber boards, and timber.
- Roundwood cubature
- How to use the table?
- Product capacity of different sizes
What is a cubical?
The name of this construction guide is due to the fact that the volume is physical quantity measured in cubic meters (or cubic metres). For a simpler explanation, they say “cubature”; accordingly, the table was called “cubature”. This is an ordered matrix that contains data on the volume of one product for various initial parameters. The base column contains sections, and the row contains the length (molding) of the material. The user just needs to find the number located in the cell at their intersection.
Let's look at a specific example - a round timber cube. It was approved in 1975, called GOST 2708-75, the main parameters are diameter (in cm) and length (in meters). Using the table is very simple: for example, you need to determine the V of one log with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 5 m. At the intersection of the corresponding row and column, we find the number 0.19 m³. A similar cubature for round timber exists according to a different standard - ISO 4480-83. Directories are very detailed in increments of 0.1 m, as well as more general, where the length is taken in 0.5 m increments.
Little secrets
Using the cubeturner itself is not difficult, but the main nuance is the correct data. Round timber is not a cylinder, but a truncated cone, the lower and upper cuts of which are different. One of them may be 26 cm, and the other 18. The table assumes a clear answer for a specific section.
Various sources suggest doing it in two ways: calculate the average value and take the volume from the reference book for it, or take the size of the upper cut as the main section. But if the tables were compiled according to certain standards, then they must be used in accordance with the accompanying instructions. For the cubature GOST 2708-75, the diameter of the top cut of the log is taken. Why is the moment of initial data so important? Because with a length of 5 meters for Ø18 cm we get 0.156 m³, and for Ø26 cm – 0.32 m³, which is actually 2 times more.
Another nuance is the correct cubatures. If complex formulas for truncated cones were used in the GOST 2708-75 table, calculations were carried out, and the results were rounded to thousandths, then modern companies, who make up their own cubatures, take “liberties”. For example, instead of 0.156 m³ there is already the number 0.16 m³. Quite often, websites on the Internet contain frankly erroneous cube-turners, in which the volume of a log 5 meters long with a diameter of 18 cm is indicated not as 0.156 m³, but as 0.165 m³. If an enterprise uses such directories when selling round timber to consumers, then it makes a profit, actually deceiving customers.
After all, the difference on 1 product is significant: 0.165-0.156 = 0.009 or almost 0.01 m³.
The main problem of round timber is the different cross-section. Sellers offer solutions to settlement issues in the following ways:
- calculating the volume of each unit and summing the obtained values;
- storage method;
- finding the average diameter;
- method based on wood density.
It must be said right away that correct results gives the first of the given options. Only calculating the volume of each log and then adding up the numbers guarantees that the buyer will pay for the timber that he receives from the company. If the length is the same, then it is enough to find the cross-sectional areas of all the trunks, add them up, and then multiply by the length (in meters).
2. Storage method.
It is assumed that the stored round timber occupies a part of the space shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped. In this case, the total volume is found by multiplying the length, width and height of the figure. Considering that there are voids between the folded trunks, 20% is subtracted from the resulting cubic capacity.
The downside is accepting as an indisputable fact that the tree occupies 80% of the total space. After all, it may well happen that the beams are folded inaccurately, thereby the percentage of voids is much greater.
3. Density based method.
In this case, you need to know the mass of the forest and the density of the wood. The cubic capacity is easily found by dividing the first number by the second. But the result will be very inaccurate, since wood of the same type has different densities. The indicator depends on the degree of maturity and humidity.
4. Average method.
If the trunks of harvested trees are appearance almost identical, then choose any 3 of them. The diameters are measured and then the average is found. Next, using the cubature, the parameter for 1 product is determined and multiplied by the required quantity. Let the results show: 25, 27, 26 cm, then Ø26 cm is considered average, since (25+26+27)/3=26 cm.
Considering the disadvantages of the considered methods, the only the right way The calculation of cubic capacity can be considered by finding the volume of each log using a cubic meter GOST 2708-75 or ISO 4480-83 and summing up the data obtained.
Calculation of cubic capacity of lumber - count correctly
During the construction of wooden structures, various lumber is purchased.
When buying or selling it, there is a need to measure it. All the complexity of measuring lumber due to its fickleness and custom size and shape, weight and quality. It is also impossible to sell such a product individually due to the factors mentioned above. Make it right calculation of lumber cubic capacity It is very difficult for a non-specialist, and even regulatory authorities are sometimes unable to verify whether the calculation was performed correctly.
Some lumber from the manufacturer is supplied in packages indicating the exact volume and cost. But this practice is quite rare. In addition, consumers may have doubts about the correctness of the calculation of the cubic capacity of lumber, as well as about the indicated price. The average buyer does not always know that, in addition to cubic capacity, the cost of lumber depends on the degree of processing, that is, unedged or edged boards, tree species and grades. In addition, the cost of boards up to 1.7 m long is lower than the cost of longer boards. The quality of manufactured lumber is regulated by a huge number of rules and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory documents that individual developers are not even aware of, while at the same time, lumber sellers are in no hurry to familiarize their customers with the rules for selling lumber. To have at least general idea To learn how to calculate the cubic capacity of lumber, it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with the rules for measuring some of their most common types.
According to current regulations, croakers must be sorted depending on their length into two groups - up to two meters and over two meters. The slab is stacked, alternating thick and thin ends, as well as the slab surface. The stacks must be the same height along the entire length, right angles, and they must be stacked as tightly as possible. Then, by multiplying the width, length and height of the package, the folded cubic capacity is obtained.
Calculation of cubic capacity of round timber
| Thickness in the upper cut, see |
Volume m³, length, m. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2,5 | 3 | 3,5 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | |
| 14 | 0,016 | 0,025 | 0,035 | 0,043 | 0,052 | 0,061 | 0,073 | 0,084 | 0,097 | 0,110 | 0,123 |
| 16 | 0,021 | 0,035 | 0,044 | 0,056 | 0,069 | 0,082 | 0,095 | 0,110 | 0,124 | 0,140 | 0,155 |
| 18 | 0,027 | 0,041 | 0,056 | 0,071 | 0,086 | 0,103 | 0,120 | 0,138 | 0,156 | 0,175 | 0,194 |
| 20 | 0,033 | 0,051 | 0,069 | 0,087 | 0,107 | 0,126 | 0,147 | 0,170 | 0,190 | 0,210 | 0,23 |
| 22 | 0,040 | 0,062 | 0,084 | 0,107 | 0,130 | 0,154 | 0,178 | 0,200 | 0,230 | 0,250 | 0,28 |
| 24 | 0,048 | 0,075 | 0,103 | 0,130 | 0,157 | 0,184 | 0,210 | 0,240 | 0,270 | 0,300 | 0,33 |
| 26 | 0,057 | 0,089 | 0,123 | 0,154 | 0,185 | 0,210 | 0,250 | 0,280 | 0,320 | 0,350 | 0,39 |
| 28 | 0,067 | 0,104 | 0,144 | 0,180 | 0,220 | 0,250 | 0,290 | 0,330 | 0,370 | 0,410 | 0,45 |
| 30 | 0,077 | 0,119 | 0,165 | 0,200 | 0,25 | 0,29 | 0,33 | 0,38 | 0,42 | 0,47 | 0,52 |
| 32 | 0,087 | 0,135 | 0,190 | 0,230 | 0,28 | 0,33 | 0,38 | 0,43 | 0,48 | 0,53 | 0,59 |
| 34 | 0,100 | 0,150 | 0,210 | 0,260 | 0,32 | 0,37 | 0,43 | 0,49 | 0,54 | 0,60 | 0,66 |
| 36 | 0,110 | 0,170 | 0,230 | 0,290 | 0,36 | 0,42 | 0,48 | 0,54 | 0,60 | 0,67 | 0,74 |
| 38 | 0,120 | 0,190 | 0,260 | 0,320 | 0,39 | 0,46 | 0,53 | 0,60 | 0,67 | 0,74 | 0,82 |
| 40 | 0,14 | 0,21 | 0,28 | 0,36 | 0,43 | 0,50 | 0,58 | 0,66 | 0,74 | 0,82 | 0,90 |
| 42 | 0,15 | 0,23 | 0,31 | 0,39 | 0,47 | 0,56 | 0,64 | 0,73 | 0,81 | 0,90 | 1,0 |
| 44 | 0,16 | 0,25 | 0,34 | 0,43 | 0,52 | 0,61 | 0,70 | 0,80 | 0,89 | 0,99 | 1,09 |
| 46 | 0,18 | 0,27 | 0,37 | 0,47 | 0,57 | 0,67 | 0,77 | 0,87 | 0,94 | 1,08 | 1,19 |
| 48 | 0,19 | 0,30 | 0,41 | 0,51 | 0,62 | 0,73 | 0,84 | 0,95 | 1,06 | 1,18 | 1,30 |
Volume of 10 m of softwood beams, m³
| Width, mm | Thickness, mm | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 60 | 75 | 100 | 130 | 150 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 250 | |
| 130 | 0,065 | 0,078 | 0,0975 | 0,13 | ||||||
| 150 | 0,075 | 0,09 | 0,0113 | 0,15 | 0,195 | 0,225 | ||||
| 180 | 0,09 | 0,108 | 0,0135 | 0,18 | 0,234 | 0,27 | 0,324 | |||
| 200 | 0,1 | 0,12 | 0,015 | 0,2 | 0,26 | 0,3 | 0,4 | |||
| 220 | 0,11 | 0,132 | 0,0165 | 0,22 | 0,395 | 0,434 | ||||
| 250 | 0,125 | 0,15 | 0,188 | 0,25 | 0,5 | 0,625 |
In the woodworking industry, there are concepts of folded and dense cubic meters. The price list for lumber is indicated for volume in a dense mass, so folded cubic meters must be converted into a dense mass. For this purpose, special conversion factors are used. For example, for a slab up to two meters long, a coefficient of 0.48 is used, and for a slab more than two meters long - 0.43.
There are two ways to determine the volume of lumber of softwood and hardwood. Either by measuring each unit of material, or using a special standard, or cubic meter, established by GOST and designed to determine the volume of edged lumber of hardwood and softwood. The standard contains a table of one unit of lumber and a table of the volume of a meter, based on which you can calculate the cost of lumber.
When calculating the cubic capacity of unedged lumber, slightly different rules apply.
How to accurately calculate the cubic capacity of a log?
The specificity of their measurement is that the width of a one-sided and unedged board is calculated as half the width of two layers - narrow and wide, which are measured in the middle of the board. The volume of round timber is calculated based on the measurements of each log. Density cubic meters of logs are calculated using the corresponding GOST, which indicates the volumes of round timber. These volumes are measured by the length of the log and the thickness of the upper end.
The table we offer shows calculation of lumber cubic capacity: edged and unedged boards, floor boards, timber, timber, lining and slats. Using the table, you can calculate the amount of lumber in 1 m3.
| Size | Volume of one board (bar) | Quantity in 1m3 |
|---|---|---|
| timber | ||
| 100x100x6 | 0.06 cube | 16.67 pieces |
| 100x150x6 | 0.09 cube | 11.11 pieces |
| 150x150x6 | 0.135 cube | 7.41 pieces |
| 100x200x6 | 0.12 cube | 8.33 pieces |
| 150x200x6 | 0.18 cube | 5.56 pieces |
| 200x200x6 | 0.24 cube | 4.17 pieces |
| 100x100x7 | 0.07 cube | 14, 28 pieces |
| 100x150x7 | 0.105 cube | 9.52 pieces |
| 150x150x7 | 0.1575 cube | 6.35 pieces |
| 100x200x7 | 0.14 cube | 7.14 pieces |
| 150x200x7 | 0.21 cube | 4.76 pieces |
| 200x200x7 | 0.28 cube | 3.57 pieces |
| Edged board | ||
| 22x100x6 | 0.0132 cube | 45.46 sq.m. |
| 22x150x6 | 0.0198 cubes | 45.46 sq.m. |
| 22x200x6 | 0.0264 cube | 45.46 sq.m. |
| 25x100x6 | 0.015 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 25x150x6 | 0.0225 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 25x200x6 | 0.03 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 40x100x6 | 0.024 cube | 25 sq.m. |
| 40x150x6 | 0.036 cube | 25 sq.m. |
| 40x200x6 | 0.048 cube | 25 sq.m. |
| 50x100x6 | 0.03 cube | 20 sq.m. |
| 50x150x6 | 0.045 cube | 20 sq.m. |
| 50x200x6 | 0.06 cube | 20 sq.m. |
| 32x100x6 | 0.0192 cube | 31.25 sq.m. |
| 32x150x6 | 0.0288 cube | 31.25 sq.m. |
| 32x200x6 | 0.0384 cube | 31.25 sq.m. |
| 25x100x2 | 0.005 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 25x100x7 | 0.0175 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 25x150x7 | 0.02625 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| 25x200x7 | 0.035 cube | 40 sq.m. |
| Unedged board | ||
| 50x6 | 0.071 1 cube | |
| 40x6 | 0.05 1 cube | |
| 25x6 | 0.0294 1 cube | |
| Rail | ||
| 22x50x3 | 0.0033 cube | 909 m.p. |
| 25x50x3 | 0.00375 cube | 800 m.p. |
| 22x50x2 | 0.0022 cube | 909 m.p. |
| 25x50x2 | 0.0025 cube | 800 m.p. |
| Bar | ||
| 40x40x3 | 0.0048 cube | 624.99 m.p. |
| 50x50x3 | 0.006 cube | 500.01 m.p. |
| 40x80x3 | 0.0096 cube | 312.51 m.p. |
| 50x50x3 | 0.0075 cube | 399.99 m.p. |
| Floor board | ||
| 36x106x6 | 0.0229 cube | 27.77 sq.m. |
| 36x136x6 | 0.0294 cube | 27.77 sq.m. |
| 45x136x6 | 0.0375 cube | 21.74 sq.m. |
| Lining | ||
| 16x88x6 | 0.0084 cube | 62.5 sq.m. |
| 16x88x3 | 0.0042 cube | 62.5 sq.m. |
| 12.5x90x3 | 0.0034 cube | 80 sq.m. |
The purpose of this article is to explain to you how to correctly calculate the area of the walls of log houses, bathhouses and other buildings, as well as buildings made of laminated and corrugated timber. Many will say - What is there to explain, everything is clear - you just need to know the basics of geometry.
Round timber cubator - how to calculate the volume?
Absolutely right - you can’t do without geometry, but this measurement has its own peculiarity, unlike walls made of timber and other materials, but more on that below.
Why you need to know how the area of log houses is calculated:
- will help you more accurately calculate the cost and quantity of required material*
- Calculate the cost of painting and sanding the logs yourself
To calculate the area of walls, we all know that we must know two quantities - height and length, and for a complete calculation, the area of the ends as well
S=Pi*R2 - area of 1 circle (end),Where
Pi — 3,1428
R— end radius
Knowing the area of one end, we multiply this value by the number of ends and get total area ends.
Main feature log buildings is that the logs have a convex shape, so the height measured as usual - from floor to ceiling will differ from the actual one by 10-15%.
photo #1 
photo No. 2
We calculate the area.
To measure the height of one log, you just need to take a tape measure and lay it down from the top seam to the bottom seam of the crown as shown in photo #1(To measure the height of a log house from a chopped log, the average value is taken). And for a beam you need to measure the width of the edges and add it to the value A(arrows shown on photo No. 2). We will get the real height of one log or beam, and knowing the number of crowns, we will get the real height of the wall (number of crowns * height of one crown). I don’t think it’s worth reminding you of the formula for the area of a rectangle. It's that simple.
Photo No. 4.
And so, adding up all the data - the area of the walls, "triangles", ends and from the resulting amount subtract the area of windows and doorways— we will receive the full area of the building and, based on this data, we will be able to independently calculate (knowing the price of work per m2) the cost of work, materials*, as well as their volume* (by transferring them to the company manager by phone or by coming to the office)**.
I'll give you one last thing little advice, if by measuring the structure of a simple form everything is simple and will not be difficult and will not take much time, but what about complex forms, such as photo No. 4.
photo No. 4
I’ll tell you straight - measure yourself or be present at the measurements when your workers do it, this way you will avoid deception by unscrupulous construction crews or contact trusted companies.
*the cost and volume of the required material (coating) is affected by the condition of the wood (sanded, not sanded) and the method of applying the coating (brush, roller, spray)
**for your convenience, on our website, the cost of materials is calculated per 1m2
Still have questions? Call
(A. Sokolov, Terem Grad)
For many builders, the topic of calculating the number of logs in a cube is familiar. But for an unprepared person this may seem not only very distant, but also incomprehensible. And very often disagreements arise between the builders themselves, as well as between the builders and the customer, about how many logs there should be in a cube.
In order to deal with this problem, a mathematical method is usually used, which in a few minutes can give a clear answer about how many logs are needed for a certain number of cubic meters.
As a rule, rounded logs are used in the construction of wooden buildings. But this material may differ in size, that is, in length and diameter. The unit of measurement is usually centimeters. There are one million centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, first you need to decide on the size of the logs.
In order to measure the size of the logs, you will need a regular centimeter tape measure. All logs, as a rule, should initially be the same size, and later, depending on the project, they are sawn into the necessary elements.
So, by measuring the size of a log using a tape measure, we obtain the length and diameter in centimeters. For example, let's try to calculate how many logs are needed for one cubic meter, if the logs are six meters long and their diameter is eighteen centimeters.
To calculate, you will need the following formula:
Volume = Pi * Radius * Radius * Length.
Six meters in this case equals six hundred centimeters. Pi is always 3.14. We get the radius by dividing the diameter by two. Thus, our formula acquires next view: Volume = 3.14 * (18:2) * (18:2) * 600 = 3.14 * 9 * 9 * 600 = 152604 centimeters. To convert to cubic meters, divide the resulting number by one million: 152604: 1000000 = 0.1526. This result tells us that one log of this size will occupy only a little over 0.15 cubic meters.
Now you need to figure out how many logs are in a meter. This is our main task. To do this, we divide one cubic meter by the result of our calculations - 0.1526. It turns out: Quantity = 1: 0.1526 = 6.55 logs. It turns out that for one cubic meter we need to take about seven logs of a given size.
If we consider logs of larger diameter, for example, twenty-four centimeters, then the calculation results will be different:
Volume = 3.14 * 12 * 12 * 600 = 271296 cubic centimeters = 0.2713 cubic meters.
This means that in one cubic meter there will be: 1: 0.2713 = 3.69 logs. In this case, there will be fewer logs in one cubic meter.
To calculate the number of logs per cubic meter, a very simple formula is used, which allows you to calculate the result in a matter of minutes. For calculations, of course, it is better to arm yourself with a tape measure and a calculator.
Selecting a volume measurement method
Selecting methods for recording and measuring wood volume
regulated by the following regulatory documents
(GOST):
- for firewood and non-grade (fuel) wood
GOST 3243-88
Firewood. Specifications
Download (downloads: 6871) - for round timber
GOST 2292-88
ROUND TIMBER
measurement methods and acceptance
Download - You can read more generally and in detail in the reference book:
UNION-ALL STANDARDS FOR FOREST TAXATION
GOST requirements read:
- Round timber over 2m in length and fuel wood (firewood) over 3m in length are subject to piecemeal measurement and accounting in full, according to the roundwood volume tables (). In special cases (specified in GOST 2292-88, clause 1.2), round timber up to 2 m long is also subject to piecemeal measurement and accounting in a dense measure, in . Special cases are wood valuable species, raw materials for plywood production, aviation materials etc.
- The volume of all other wood that is not included in the above categories is measured by converting the folded measure into a dense one.
(from warehouse meters -> to cubic meters)
(download for free)
Thus, from the requirements of GOST, the following follows:
- A dense measure, () is the main way to take into account the volume of any wood material, including firewood. Measuring the volume of wood in a dense measure is a very cumbersome and time-consuming way of making measurements and calculations, since this involves measuring the end diameter and length of each log piece by piece.
Cubic meter (solid measure)
Dense measure- the main method of measuring and recording the volume of wood.
Dense measure- this is the net volume of wood pulp, which is defined as the volume of the cylinder of each log, taking into account the average depth of the trunk.In this case:
- Each log is measured individually and
- when measuring the diameter of the end -
select the top cut (smaller end) - when measuring the diameter of the end -
the thickness of the bark and sapwood layer is not taken into account - when measuring the diameter of the end -
the diameter of the oval end is assumed to be equal to
arithmetic mean
between its largest and smallest value - the value correction is always made minus the gradation according to GOST
(for example, an end diameter of 18.8 cm is taken as 18 cm, not 19 cm, a log length of 4.47 m/n is taken equal to 4 linear meters, not four and a half, etc.) - The measurement methodology for round timber is regulated by
GOST 2292-88
ROUND TIMBER
Labeling, sorting, transportation,
measurement methods and acceptance
Download (downloads: 5442) - After the measurements have been made,
the volume of each log is determined
according to roundwood volume tables (by )
The unit of measurement for a dense measure is cubic meter (cubic meter)
To speed up and simplify the determination of the amount of round timber, a special method of counting it is used - timber pointing. The forest method is not regulated in any way normative document and, in essence, is a variant of shorthand writing
Pointing the forest
“Dotting” (dotting) of the forest is a shorthand writing method for recording the number and parameters of logs and logs, used to take into account when inventorying tree trunks stacked or “standing”. At the same time, a table is compiled in any form in which the measured (taken into account) parameters of round timber are recorded. Most often, these are the diameters and lengths of the logs, less often - the type of wood, sometimes - combinations of other required values (age, species, etc.).
The term “forest pointing” was born in those distant times when there were no computers and calculators. In ancient times, foresters used this prototype of shorthand calculation. This, however, does not detract from the advantages of this method of accounting today. Its essence is that each number corresponds to its own picture, a kind of hieroglyph that denotes this number.
The term “dotting” itself comes from the words “dots”, which are placed in the accounting process
The first point is a conventional sign that is applied to the end of a recorded and measured log in order to avoid its re-counting. The concept of a “point” on the end of a log is purely a convention. This can be any visible sign, the meaning of which is chosen depending on the circumstances. For example, this could be a special forester’s mark, the diameter of a log, or simply a slash drawn with chalk.
. The second point is entered into the table in a special way and participates in further calculations of the amount of forest
It happens like this:
- the first four logs are four points at the corners of an imaginary square,
- the next four logs are the lines connecting these points to each other into a square
- and finally, logs 8 and 9 are the diagonals of the square
Total - 10 logs symbolizes a square with crossed out diagonals
- Then everything is repeated until the end of the calculation.Roundwood volume
The volume of round timber is determined after pointing the round timber, when it becomes known how many and what diameter of logs are contained in the stack. To determine the volume of round timber, open the cubeturner and, by simple multiplication, find out the volume of accounted timber.
Cubaturnik- a special table for calculating the volume of round timber. Along the vertical axis of the cubature are the diameters, and along the horizontal axis are the lengths of the logs. At the intersection of the vertical and horizontal - the volume for each log of the specified length and diameter.Round timber volume tables (cubic)
Cubaturnik is colloquially called GOST 2708-75
ROUND TIMBER Volume tables: "(link-category)"
- (related-news)