How to develop rational thinking. What methods of determining the level of thinking are known? Logic and logical thinking

Logic is not an innate quality of the human personality - we learn it throughout life. This tool for understanding the world is more alien than close to us, so people diligently evade logical conclusions, trying to think in a way that is more profitable and convenient for them. At the same time, without it, humanity could not survive, because the basis for creating most of the laws of life is still logic. Paradox? Yes, there are many of them in this many-sided science.

Today we will talk about logic as a science and as a system of thinking, about why it is needed and how to develop the ability to think logically, about the facets of good and evil, hiding in the intricate labyrinths of inference.

How was logic born? The root of logical laws is empirical, that is, experimental knowledge of the world: a person created or witnessed an event, and then saw its consequences. After several repeated causal situations, he memorized them and made a certain conclusion. Thus it turns out that the laws of logic, like those of other sciences, were derived by experiment.

There are logical axioms that each of us must know. Deviation from following them is considered a sign of a mental disorder. But at the same time, there are many laws of logic that can be twisted the way a person wants - and the thing is that in this science, like in any other, there are errors and exceptions.

To begin with, let us consider what bases of wayward science have been brought under human life. So, logical axioms that are the basis of our worldview:

1.Vector orientation of time from the past to the future, its linearity and irreversibility. From early childhood, a person studies the concepts of “yesterday”, “today”, “tomorrow”, begins to understand what the past, present and future are, to accept the reality of what happened as something that cannot be changed.

2. Causal relationships and their one-way orientation.

3. Logic refers to the concepts of lesser and greater., as well as the ability to fit one into the other (and not only in a literal, but also in an abstract sense); adjacency and interchangeability of concepts and vice versa, their incompatibility and impossibility of coexistence in one time period.

For example, a woman cannot be pregnant and conceive a second child at the same time, a person cannot be dead and alive at the same time, a patient cannot feel healthy, and water does not freeze at positive temperatures.

4. Induction and deduction. The inductive method of reasoning leads from the particular to the general and relies on similar characteristics of various objects. The deductive method, on the contrary, leads from the general to the particular and is based on a logical law.

Deduction: When it rains, the grass gets wet.

Induction: The grass on the street is wet, the asphalt is also wet, the house and its roof are wet - therefore, it is raining.

In the method of deduction, the veracity of the premise is always a guarantee of the veracity of the conclusion, but if the result does not correspond to the premise, then there is a separating factor between them.

It's raining but the grass is dry. The grass is under a canopy.

Simply put, the deduction method gives a 100% truthful answer. But in the method of induction, a conclusion based on correct premises has 90% truth, it has an error. Let's remember the example about rain - if the grass, asphalt and house are wet, we can say with 90% certainty that it has rained. But it can also be dew, or a broken watering machine that doused everything around with water.

Induction refers to the generalization of the results of repeated events. For example, if you throw a ball up, it will fall down. If you do this a second time, he will fall again. After the third fall, you will come to the conclusion that all objects thrown up fall down - and the law of attraction is based on this. But do not forget that now we are in the field of logic, and inductive reasoning has an error. Who knows, maybe you throw the ball up a hundred times and it will fall, and the hundred and first time it will get stuck on a tree or end up on a cabinet? What if you are in weightlessness? Of course it won't fall down.

Therefore, deduction is a more accurate method, and induction only allows us to assume with a high degree of probability.

5. Sequencing. If we perform a series of actions in a certain order, we will get the expected result. But if this order is violated, the result may turn out to be completely different or it will not be at all. At the same time, there are many situations where the result does not depend on the order in which we perform the necessary actions. In a word, this is called an algorithm.

Logic has a strong connection with other sciences. The above rules are based on the laws of mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, but it is the understanding of relationships that is the main pillar of logical thinking. Everything that is around us has two sides - positive and negative. There is not a single phenomenon that has only one side. The same applies to logic - despite all the visible benefits from it, you should not get too carried away with this science: if used incorrectly, it can cause a lot of harm.

Logic can be a weapon of evil

Why does no one love or approve of a person who lives exclusively by logic?

Cold calculation and logic leave no room for mercy, love and self-sacrifice, on which our world is still based. Logical reasoning allows you to see a few steps ahead, but, as they say, the ways of the Lord are inscrutable - somewhere an error can creep in, and a clear logical system will crumble like a house of cards. Thus, logic and medicine are defeated by cancer patients who have managed to cure in an incomprehensible way, or by women who have given birth to healthy children, despite the prohibitions of doctors.

What would a world based solely on logic look like? Most likely, it would be prosperous and cruel - it would not have the weak and sick, the poor and the unemployed; all people who are not useful would simply be destroyed. But that's why we are who we are: when emotions and feelings enter the battlefield, logic is defeated. Because of this, there are many troubles in the world, but also a lot of good - people help each other, forgive the shortcomings of their loved ones and save those who, it would seem, cannot be saved.

Logical reasoning can sometimes run counter to ethics, morality and even the criminal code. No wonder it seems to maniacs and murderers that they act quite logically.
Humans are highly illogical creatures

How do we manage to draw wrong logical conclusions? How do two people with the same premises come to different conclusions?

As already mentioned, logic is a science, and like any science it is not perfect, therefore it is inferior real life in truth. There is an exception to every rule, and in such cases logic is powerless. In addition, our psyche has a tendency to dodge and cunning, if the conclusion is not in her favor.

For example: The guy behaves aloofly, does not call, does not pay attention to me at all. He probably doesn't care about me.

That's what a girl would say, relying solely on logical thinking, and everything would be simple - she will try to forget about her cold prince, and he will never know that he was the object of her sighs. But it wasn't there! Emotions come into play and 10% of the error of the inductive method.

Alienation, indifference and lack of attention in 90% of cases, they indicate disinterest in a relationship. But is it possible that he is too shy or proud, or maybe he got it into his head that sympathy should be shown in this way? Do people have "cockroaches in their heads"?

In such cases, logic becomes an instrument of emotions, and under the banner of erroneous conclusions, many stupid deeds are committed. To prevent this from happening, you need to distinguish a fine line between true logical conclusions and false ones. For this, logical thinking develops.

How to develop logical thinking?

To a certain extent, each of us has it developed - this is required by society and its way of life. But for a better understanding of the laws of reality and the ability to operate with them, it is necessary to have the ability to think logically at a higher level than ordinary earthlings.

Well-developed logical thinking helps to achieve greater success in your work, make fewer mistakes in everyday situations.

How to learn this? The brain, like muscles, needs to be constantly trained.. There is a false myth that all people are born with mental abilities pre-installed in them and cannot become smarter or dumber than given by nature. This is not true - by regularly training thinking and memory, a person constantly improves his performance, he can develop until the end of his days. Therefore, regular exercise for the mind and the development of intellectual abilities is one of the most important assistants on the path to self-improvement.

Have fun with benefits

1. Start with logic puzzles for children and adults- puzzles, exercises "find 10 differences", riddles for attention and search logical errors. They can be easily found on the Internet.

For example, solve a couple of problems:

“How is it that my friend shaves his beard ten times a day, but still remains bearded?”

“Your friends use it more than you, even though it is yours. What is this?"

2. Play games with your friends for attention and logic. So what if you are thirty and you are managers and entrepreneurs? Believe me, it's much more pleasant on a Friday night not to mindlessly cruise around the bars, but to play crocodile or associations in someone's kitchen. There are many such games on the Internet, you just need to search - and then your holidays and weekends will be filled with new meaning.

3. Take IQ tests. It is difficult to say how true the Internet tests of this genre are, but you will have to break your head thoroughly. In addition to checking IQ, there are many other tests for thinking and logic. If you have nothing to do, put solitaire aside and strain your convolutions.

educate yourself

1. Take up the study of any science, close to you, but one that has not previously reached the hands. It can be chemistry, physics or history - by studying them, you develop the ability to think logically along the way. Why did Napoleon attack Russia? Why did the Roman Empire collapse? Why is it that when two chemical components are combined, this is exactly what happens? chemical reaction, and not another? Answering these questions, you learn to connect events in logical chains - this is what you need.

2. Learn deduction and induction, as well as formulas for them. When a situation that is happening to you seems confusing, translate it into a problem and solve it.

3.Learn to argue with reason. The next time you feel like shouting, “Because I said so!” or “Oh, everyone!” - try instead to convey your position to your opponent without unnecessary emotions with the help of arguments. Especially good is the method of leading the interlocutor to the necessary conclusion with the help of indirect questions, with the answers to which he agrees.

- You know that a woman is a mirror of her husband's success?

- Well, yes.

- That is, a successful man should have a gorgeous wife.

- Agree.

- Can a smart wife walk in an old down jacket?

- I understand where you are driving ... Okay, we'll buy you a fur coat.

4. Read good detective stories. They help train the brain with their intricate plot and entertain at the same time. The best representatives of this genre are Agatha Christie, Arthur Conan Doyle and Boris Akunin.

5. play chess. That's where the scope for the development of logical abilities. Trying to calculate all the possible moves of the opponent, a person develops the ability to see cause-and-effect relationships. Don't like chess? Play backgammon or preference.

And the last. Learn to trust your intuition. Strange, right? But in reality, intuition is the result of subconscious inferences, when a person, without realizing it, draws conclusions from information provided by the outside world. It usually looks like this: "Whenever I have this feeling, it ends badly." If you dig deeper, this is just a memory of past experiences when situations were framed in a similar way. The trembling voice of the interlocutor, his shifty eyes and attempts to divert the attention of the opponent from main idea conversation - we have long forgotten how the fraudster behaved before deceiving, but the subconscious mind remembers everything perfectly.

The ability to think logically, analyze information and make correct conclusions is an integral part of the work of any successful person- his well-being literally depends on it. Therefore, by developing the mind, we make a direct investment in our future, filled with achievements. But do not forget that logic can be tricky - be prudent and merciful.

P.S.: Have you solved the puzzles given in the article? Here are the correct answers:

Bearded friend is barber who shaves other people daily. And our property, which friends use more often than we do, is Name because we rarely say it ourselves.

http://constructorus.ru/samorazvitie/razvitie-logicheskogo-myshleniya.html#more-19512

Many business gurus, in their books or training sessions, begin their communication with the audience by pointing out the errors of thinking. modern man. The fact is that in fact, if we discard all stereotypes and assumptions, in preschool institutions and schools we are not taught to develop thinking. Children solve certain problems, learn to work with data, receive conditions, and even analyze actions, however, for personal growth conditions are created only at the institute, and then, these are limited courses of basic subjects.

A person uses different types of thinking:

Logical thinking - its task is to generalize what is happening, to find sequences, cause-and-effect relationships.
Deductive thinking is a process very similar to logical thinking, but it differs in generating inferences, rather than comparing what is happening with logical actions. A person himself determines the associated processes and understands what they lead to.
Analytical thinking - very connected with logic, most often characterizes the ability to quickly find effective and optimal solution in one situation or another.
Creative thinking - it is not logical centers that work here to a greater extent, but creativity, imagination. It is responsible for generating creative ideas, thoughts.
Inductive thinking is a form of logical thinking that is responsible for generalization and summing up in the thought process.

It is interesting that logical and analytical thinking (as the most interconnected type) is preserved until old age, until the time when the brain atrophies and loses the ability to rationally explore the surrounding world.

The features of human development of a personality are such that someone in his life is based on logical conclusions and actively uses logic, someone lives and makes creative decisions that are dictated by imagination, desires, emotions. It's not good or bad, it's just human nature. However analytical thinking can be developed, and it is believed that logic is more difficult to develop than creativity.

Thinking is the ability to model systematic relationships with the outside world. The more often you solve problems of a certain type and complexity, the more logical thinking will develop. Analytic mind is valued in leadership positions, among those people who have to solve a huge stream of tasks of various types, and find the best solution for them. Moreover, the ability to think analytically allows you to add up a big picture of the world, which helps to achieve greater success through understanding cause-and-effect relationships.

How to develop analytical thinking?

The first thing you need to know before starting work on self-development is that analytical thinking is very closely related to logic. Therefore, by solving problems for logical thinking, you can get an analytical mindset by reorienting your worldview. Solve problems, puzzles, crossword puzzles, difficult puzzles, solve riddles. At school, we all get a base, especially in math subjects. Over time, however, especially after the start of labor activity, most people abandon their development, mistakenly believing that work in itself contains all the conditions for improving qualities.

Analytical thinking develops differently for everyone, with different speeds and different results. Especially the analytical mind develops quickly when studying foreign languages, programming languages, when working with technology, complex mechanisms, large amounts of data.

In modern business, it is difficult to say unequivocally what led to the success of an entrepreneur, his analytical mindset, or solving a huge number of tasks improved his thinking abilities. It is definitely known that the skill of strategic vision, predicting the result, working to achieve various goals, through certain algorithms and actions, is the merit of analytical thinking, which can and should be developed.

Create situations

This technique is very simple and affordable, because you need a little free time and your intelligence. The essence of the task is to come up with a certain situation, setting a goal and forming effective solution. For example: Your goal is to fly into space. To do this, you will need either participation in the space program, or money to buy a ticket for the space tourism program. If you have health problems, or you are old, and your physical fitness is weak, your only way out is to buy a place in the Chatelet. By developing this idea, working on the generation of a chain of decisions, analyzing information, you develop your analytical thinking. If you don’t want to waste time, start planning your own business, purchase country house or a car, analyze what you may need during a trip to a foreign resort.

Psychological simulators

Of course, the BrainApps team could not lose sight of the need to develop analytical thinking. Here you will find a huge number of games and simulators that are aimed at developing, including logic. There are tasks for quick decision-making, finding the optimal answer, for restoring the full picture, having particulars. main feature of our platform - powerful user support. You'll get:

Personal trainer - a unique, specially designed mechanism for building workouts according to your goals and abilities;
Statistical module - the ability to check in personal account the progress of your development, for even more effective training;
Interesting and exciting games that will appeal to both adults and children.

Remember, the best investment is an investment in yourself! Your intellect is the greatest phenomenon that requires a careful and responsible attitude. Get involved, and the results of your workouts will not keep you waiting.

Every day a person is faced with a mass of life tasks that need to be solved logically. This includes the correct construction of the work schedule, service moments, and even personal life. It would seem that everything is quite simple: exclude unimportant details, focus on serious aspects, thereby correctly setting priorities. However, in practice, the situation requires some effort. You can develop logic on your own, without signing up for special courses. Let's consider all the nuances in more detail.

Logical thinking: what is it?

The concept of "logical thinking" is easier to explain if we break the phrase into "logic" and "thinking". Let's try to figure it out together, highlighting the main thing.

Logics
The concept comes from the Greek “reasoning”, “thought”, “the art of reasoning correctly”, “the science of thinking”. Let's analyze the concept, taking as a basis the science of right thinking. It consists of several aspects, such as the laws, methods and forms of the human intellect, namely his thoughts.

Logic is needed in order to achieve truth in the process of reasoning. Thanks to active brain activity, a certain scheme is launched that leads a person to the end point. The result is taken not by intuition, but from previously acquired knowledge.

For this reason, logic is often referred to as a science that allows you to reach conclusions through many conclusions and their connection. The main task of logic is the generalization of the available fragments together. As a result, a person receives true knowledge regarding the subject of reflection.

Thinking

The concept is directly related to the mental activity of a person. It forces you to process information at a subconscious level. This must be done in order to establish a connection between the objects under study, to highlight their forms and meaning among other bodies of the environment.

Thinking allows you to find a connection between aspects of reality. However, in order for the process to take place at the “correct” level, one must think objectively. That is, before the main tasks, it is important to put yourself at the center of the current process, and not to watch everything from the outside. Objective or logical thinking must obey the basic laws of logic.

Logical thinking
From the foregoing, we can conclude what "logical thinking" is. As a result of the thought process, a person applies the knowledge gained earlier. Then, by inference, they are processed. All structures are connected in a logical chain in order. Conclusions are not based on assumptions, but on clear evidence, facts, prudence, objectivity, general laws of logic. Ultimately, on the basis of the existing premises, the truth is obtained.

Why develop logical thinking

It is human nature to process information through brainstorming. Simply put, all people think this is a completely natural process. Thinking allows you to build a chain of personal behavior, draw the right conclusions in a given situation, and take action. Such aspects play an important role in situations where a decision is urgently needed. Ultimately, the goal will be achieved through logical reasoning.

When you fully learn the art of analyzing information, issues will be resolved many times faster. Thanks to the correct collection and processing of information, you can build a long-term perspective regarding your own actions. Such aspects help people feel comfortable in any situation. You will pre-calculate possible nuances, then immediately eliminate them in your head by looking for a new solution. You always need to think logically, no matter if you are at work or at home.

The greatest minds of the world annually bring out new ways of developing logical thinking. Experienced business coaches, politicians, psychologists - they all help people develop. Most relevant ways achieving the desired are considered puzzles aimed at the manifestation of logic. Also effective are games, a set of exercises for objective thinking, reading scientific and fiction literature, learning foreign languages.

Method number 1. Reading

Many people know that books allow you to gain wisdom, become a versatile and well-read person. However, success can only be achieved through fiction or scientific literature. It is in such publications that there is more knowledge than in numerous reference books.
To develop logical thinking, read at least 10 sheets daily. At the same time, it is important to analyze each line, gradually accumulating information in your head. The brain has selective properties, so at a certain moment you will be able to retrieve the necessary information.
In the process of reading, analyze the chapters, try to think logically from the very beginning. Make bets on how the book will end, how this or that character will act in a particular situation. A. Conan Doyle's book "Sherlock Holmes" is considered a world bestseller. The work helps to develop logical thinking and pass the evening in a pleasant company.

Method number 2. Games

The most common games aimed at developing logical thinking are checkers and chess. In the process of rivalry, opponents calculate their actions many steps ahead. It is this move that allows you to win, nothing else. It is not difficult to learn tactics, it is enough to devote 2-3 hours daily to this business. As the age of technology leaves its mark on society, you can play on a computer, phone or tablet. At the same time, you will have access to the logic simulator around the clock, regardless of the place and other "live" rivals.
The next most popular game is Scrabble. Many have heard about it since childhood. Linguistic trainer for people who have little vocabulary and slow logic. As a result of manipulations, you will learn how to compose words from existing letters, laying them out in a certain sequence. As in the previous case, you can play on a PC or smartphone. In addition to the development of logic, you will become more concentrated, attentive.
To improve logical thinking, you can play with words. There are several variations of such an adventure, we will consider them in order. Some prefer to name one long word (the number of letters is from 10), after which the task of other participants is to compose other words from the “raw materials”. The one with the highest number wins. The second option is as follows: a person calls a word, the next one says another word starting with last letter the previous one. For example, you said "sailor", the opponent answered "apartment".
The World Wide Web is literally full of various banners that offer to go to a site with logical riddles. Such a move will allow developing thinking not only in adults, but also in children. Also popular games are crossword puzzles, sudoku, rebuses, reversi. Download applications on your smartphone that help develop logical thinking. Such a move will allow you to train your brain in public transport or in a traffic jam. This is much more useful than studying flyers and tired faces of people.
Take a closer look at games like Rubik's Cube or backgammon, collect puzzles, play poker. Thanks to increased concentration, memory and logical thinking develop. The World Wide Web allows you to play without a second partner, which is an indisputable plus. You can solve the Rubik's Cube while resting between classes or during your lunch break. The main thing in any business is regularity. Perform simple manipulations daily to achieve maximum results.

Method number 3. Exercises

Mathematical problems and logical chains from the school (institute) program will help you develop logic quickly enough. Find old textbooks and start manipulating. Perform the exercise daily for 30-60 minutes. It will be especially difficult for the humanities, for whom mathematics is a bone in the throat. An analogue is the search for analogies or deciphering anagrams.
Consider an exercise that consists in orderly building words or phrases of the same topic. The main task is as follows: it is necessary to build words from smallest to largest. That is, the first designation characterizes a specific species, and the last - a generalized concept. Let's take the word "violet" as an example. Violet - name - flower - plant. The more words you pick up and arrange them in one chain, the more logical thinking will be involved. The complex must be performed at least 2 times a day for 15 minutes.
Another exercise is aimed not only at logical thinking, but also the development of intellectual abilities, attentiveness, observation, concentration and general perception. The main point is considered to be that you need to determine how correctly the conclusion is made. Is it logical, based on the connection between judgments.

For example: “Cats meow. Alice is a cat, so she can meow!” The argument is logically correct. If we talk about the wrong logic, then it looks like this: “Woolen clothes are warm. Boots are also warm, so they are made of wool! An erroneous judgment, boots may not be made of wool, but their thermal qualities will exceed all expectations.

This exercise is often used by parents when working with children. It is important to ask your child to explain this or that conclusion. In this case, the child will quickly come to the desired conclusion.

Method number 4. Foreign language

It is known that new information received activates brain activity, as a result of which all processes take place at the highest level. The sounds of foreign languages will make you think logically, make associations between native and foreign speech.
Find an online course on the Internet or download video lessons, practice daily. Enroll in a language school, learn English, Spanish or even Chinese thoroughly.
The effect of the acquired knowledge will not keep you waiting. In addition, you will be able to travel around the countries, talking freely with the locals. Communicate in chats and forums with the inhabitants of Europe or America, develop the acquired knowledge.

It is difficult enough to develop logical thinking, but the procedure cannot be called unrealistic. Consider popular games such as backgammon, checkers, chess, poker. Solve mathematical problems, build logical chains using electronic resources, learn foreign languages.

Video: how to develop logic and speed of thinking

Instruction

The comparison method involves the establishment of common, similar features in objects and their differences. So that the child can see different properties, you need to teach him to analyze the subject from all sides, to compare one subject with another. If you select objects for such a comparison in advance, you can teach to see in them those properties that were previously inaccessible to his mind's eye.

The next step is to teach to identify the common features of the subjects of study and the distinctive ones. You need to start with a definition distinctive features and only then proceed to the generalization. First, two items are used, and then several.

After that, you need to learn to identify the essential and non-essential features of the subject. In visual material, the essential should be immediately visible. For example, two flowers may differ from each other and from other parts of the plant, but all flowers have one thing - to bear fruit - this is the most essential sign of a flower.

Generalization and classification are some of the most difficult methods of thinking to master. Classification is the division of all objects into certain classes, based on their most significant features. To learn how to attribute an object to a particular class, the child needs generalizing. They learn them in the process of communicating with adults and children, in the process itself. The task of the teacher is to provide him with such categories. The process of developing the ability to classify in several stages. First, the child collects objects in a group, but does not know what to call it. Then he tries to give them , but chooses the name of one of the grouped items, or an action that can be done with these items. He then defines a generic concept for this group. And finally, it distributes objects into classes.

After mastering the comparison, generalization and classification, the child systematizes knowledge. To do this, you need to learn to find patterns in the arrangement of objects, objects that have a common feature. To help the child develop this skill, you need to offer a task in which you need to add one more of the same to some already ordered objects. First, it should be visual signs. Here the child must find the sign by which objects are ordered. Next, you need to offer a task for ordering objects that are located in a random order. This task is more complex and it is aimed at developing the ability to operate with invisible, that is, abstract features. Such a task is given orally and the child solves it only in his head.

The essence of the concept of "logical thinking"

Logic is not identical to knowledge, although its area coincides with the area of knowledge. Logic is the common connoisseur and judge of all private investigations. It does not aim to find evidence; it only determines whether evidence is found or not.

Logic does not observe, does not invent, does not discover - it judges. So, logic is the science of the functions of reason, which serve to evaluate evidence; it is the doctrine of both the process of transition from known truths to unknown ones, and of all other mental actions, insofar as they help this process.

John Stuart Mill

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To begin with, we will analyze separately the two components of the concept of logical thinking - logic and human thinking.

What is logic? Translated from the Greek language, logic is called "the science of true thinking" and "the ability to reason." In the generally accepted sense, it is customary to call logic the science of the methods and laws of human intellectual activity. Logic is the study of methods to achieve truth, using the experience and knowledge gained in the past.

Thinking is considered to be a mental process, during which the processing of previously received information, the establishment of interdisciplinary connections takes place. Thanks to objectivity and correctness of thinking, a person has the opportunity to get an idea of the true state of things.

Together we get a definition of what a person's logical thinking is. This is a thought process during which logic is used, logical constructions are applied. The goal of this type of thinking is to draw reliable, objective conclusions based on the available information.

Areas and areas of use of logic

There is no such branch of human life, wherever the use of the skills to think using logic is required. Including the humanities, which is no exception, logical constructions are also used in their study.

Often, a person’s logical thinking manifests itself on an intuitive level, regardless of the efforts made. The use of logic makes it possible to speed up the process of thinking, to make it better, to express one's thoughts more correctly, and also to draw true conclusions, avoiding false judgments.

Why you need to develop the ability to think logically:

Clearly, in an accessible form, express all your thoughts and arguments
Quickly find the right solution to problems, even in a critical situation
Correct your mistakes, avoid making new mistakes
Developing objective connection skills helps you succeed in your career or school
Creative approach to problem solving is sometimes more productive than generally accepted standards

Many people think that logical thinking is the ability to brilliantly solve puzzles and intricate puzzles. However, this is not quite true. The structure of logical thinking includes many mental skills, such as the ability to make correct conclusions, to concisely argue one's point of view during a debate, to concretize, generalize, analyze and systematize acquired knowledge.

The logical thinking of a person is divided into three points: figurative, verbal (verbal) and abstract.

Figurative-logical thinking. This type of thinking is based on the visualization of tasks and a visual search for solutions. Simply put, a figurative view in another way can be called a property of the imagination.
Abstract-logical thinking. Logical constructions contain abstract models, that is, non-existent in nature, unreal objects. In order to thoroughly master this type of thinking, an individual must be able to abstract from the material.
Verbal-logical thinking. Manifested through the use of speech structures. For successful verbal thinking, it is necessary not only to build strict logical chains, but also competent coherent speech.

When logical thinking is laid

Only a few people think logically. Most of us are biased, prejudiced, infected with preconceptions, jealousy, suspicion, fear, pride and envy.

Dale Carnegie

A person is not born immediately with certain inclinations to successfully draw the right conclusions and build logical structures. The logical thinking of a person is not innate, but an acquired property. Even the basic figurative type of thinking manifests itself in children at the age of 1.5 years. The ability to think abstractly appears much later - at primary school age, at about 7 - 8 years. Logic develops gradually with the development of the personality itself. However, regular training and exercises will only give a positive result in the development of logical thinking.

The main type of child development preschool age is precisely logical tasks and exercises. Since it is logical thinking that will help the child achieve success in the future by using his intellect. Development takes place in a playful way, according to the age characteristics of children. Logic lessons are included as in the curriculum kindergarten, as well as in school. However, parents should not neglect independent studies at home. After all, by developing logical thinking, you improve the intellectual skills of your child.

Is it possible for an adult to improve and improve his logical thinking? Of course, this is possible and even necessary, because in the modern world everything is subject to very rapid changes, the knowledge gained at school and university is gradually becoming obsolete, and there is a need to update information. The development of the ability to build logical conclusions for an adult can be a very pleasant process, since, as in the case of children, it can also take place in a playful way. If you are an eternal student or a typical pedant, then you can make detailed plan serious exercise. However, it will be much more interesting to get together with friends and play logic games. The information obtained in this way will more reliably settle down in the mind and be fixed in the memory of a person than dry memorization of the rules and solving boring tasks.

Ways to develop logical thinking

If you are determined to take up pumping your brain, then the first thing you need to do is to eradicate your laziness and start searching suitable methods and tasks. There are many ways to train the mind. Let's consider some of them in more detail:

Board games. Paired and for a large group of friends, serious and humorous - the choice is huge, you just need to determine which type is more interesting for you. To the most popular board games for the development of human logical thinking include:

Chess
Checkers
Backgammon
"Monopoly" ("Big Business")
"Erudite" ("Scrabble", "Balda")
Card games ("Munchkin", "Uno")

2. Logic tasks. In the search and selection of logical problems, use books or the Internet, where there are a lot of different examples and thematic collections. Start from the easiest level, gradually increase the load, move to highest level difficulties. If you do not know the answer, do not hesitate to peek, because knowing the source data will help you understand the solution and build a logical chain. TO this species tasks include:

puzzles
Graphic puzzles
Text problems
Puzzles
Anagrams
Puzzles
Rubik's Cube
Solitaire ("Mahjong", varieties of card layouts)

Example of a logical task: Seven sisters spend their leisure time together. The first is playing chess. The second is reading. The third one removes. The fourth is watering the flowers. Fifth - plays with the cat. Sixth - embroider. But what does the seventh sister do? Correct answer: The seventh sister plays chess with the first.

3. . There are many online tests based on the principle of cause and effect. Most often, these are games of the “Find the extra” type.

4. Puzzles, crosswords, crosswords, chainwords and more. Particularly difficult are digital types - Japanese crosswords and sudoku. Also, an excellent task for developing the ability to think logically will be self-compilation of a crossword puzzle.

5. Mastering deductive and inductive methods.Deduction This is logic in its purest form. In 99.99%, the deductive method gives the correct answer to the solution of the problem. In everyday life, induction is more often used - reasoning based on facts that have a certain percentage of falsity. If you explain more plain language, then inductive reasoning begins with private inferences and seeks confirmation in general terms. The deductive method, on the contrary, originates from the external world, and the conclusion is already presented in the form of individual inferences.

An example of a deductive method: Winter has come and therefore it is snowing outside.

An example of the inductive method: It started to snow outside, so it's winter.

There are a few useful tips, which contribute to the development of a person's logical thinking, without putting much effort:

Learn to write right hand if you are left handed. And vice versa. This exercise helps develop the skills of the less-used hemisphere of the brain.
Constant change of activities. Spend exactly one hour on one view, after the time has elapsed, move on to another occupation. Quickly changing the type of work will help accelerate adaptive thinking skills.
Read detective novels. And try to guess the culprit yourself. In this way, you will do a great job developing your own deduction.
Daily walks to fresh air able to improve not only logical, but also all other types of thinking.
Give explanations for your actions. Analyze everything that you do, calculate the options: what will happen if you leave the case unfinished, what the final result of the work looks like, etc.

Logical thinking of a person: why you need to develop logic

Perhaps, some people think that it is not at all necessary to develop logical thinking, it is perfectly possible to do without the use of logical connections. Such judgments are fundamentally wrong. After all, logical thinking and human activity are inextricably linked. Even in everyday life, one should master the skills of building objective chains. For example, people in ancient times were able to save their lives thanks to logic and observations - if their fellow tribesman ate a berry and died, then it is quite logical that others should not eat these berries. Or, for the first gardeners and farmers, such skills were useful to know that if, for example, you plant a cherry seed, then, logically, a cherry will grow out of it and nothing else.

We will not consider the benefits of the structure of mental structures for managers or representatives of technical professions. Even an ordinary janitor understands that sweeping dust against the wind is absolutely illogical. Or the painter, using logical connections, will not start painting the floor from the door to the wall.

Therefore, the logical thinking of a person plays an important role in building a successful career, logic is the key to the normalization of communication between people, the ability to defend and argue one's opinion, as well as to realize the truth and objectivity of everything that happens.