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The simplest skin protection products
As the simplest means of protecting human skin, industrial clothing can be used, first of all: jackets, trousers, overalls, robes with hoods, sewn in most cases from tarpaulin, fire-retardant or rubberized fabric, coarse cloth. They are capable of not only protecting against contact with the skin of radioactive substances during accidents at nuclear power plants and other radiation hazardous facilities, but also against droplets, vapors and aerosols of many toxic substances. Tarpaulin products, for example, protect against droplet-liquid agents and airborne chemicals for up to 1 hour in winter, and up to 30 minutes in summer.
Among items of household clothing, the most suitable for this purpose are raincoats and capes made of rubberized fabric or fabric coated with vinyl chloride film.
Winter items can also provide protection: coats made of rough cloth or drape, padded jackets, sheepskin coats, leather coats. These items can protect for up to 2 hours. It all depends on specific weather and other conditions, the concentration and state of aggregation of potent toxic or toxic substances.
After appropriate preparation, other types of outerwear can provide protection: tracksuits, jackets, especially leather ones, denim, raincoats made of waterproof fabric.
To protect your feet, it is best to use industrial or industrial rubber boots. household use, rubber boots, galoshes. You can also use shoes made of leather and leatherette, but preferably with rubber galoshes. Rubber products are capable of preventing the passage of droplet-liquid agents and SDYAVs for up to 3–6 hours.
You should wear rubber or leather gloves on your hands, or canvas mittens.
Women are advised to ditch skirts and wear trousers. In order for ordinary clothing to better protect against vapors and aerosols of chemical exposure agents and chemical agents, it must be soaked in a special solution, as is done when preparing protective filter clothing (PFC). Only clothing made from fabric materials can be impregnated. To impregnate one set of clothing and accessories (chest flap, hood, gloves, socks), 2.5 liters of solution is enough.
The impregnating solution can be prepared on the basis of aqueous synthetic detergents (OP-7, OP-10, “Novost”, “Don”, “Astra”, etc.) used for washing clothes. Another option is to use mineral and vegetable oils.
With the simplest means of skin protection, you can overcome contaminated areas and leave areas where there has been a spill or release of toxic substances. For a certain period of time, these means protect the human body from direct contact with drops, smears, aerosols and vapors of harmful and toxic substances, which significantly reduces the likelihood of injury.
| Material index |
|---|
| Course: Civil defense - an integral part of the country's defense capability |
| DIDACTIC PLAN |
| CIVIL DEFENSE, BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS, TASKS OF CIVIL DEFENSE, HISTORY OF ITS CREATION |
| ORGANIZATION OF PROTECTION AND LIFE SUPPORT OF THE POPULATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS |
| Tasks and structure of personnel protection bodies at a separate facility |
| Responsibilities of the head of the civil defense facility |
| Responsibilities of the chief of staff of the civil defense facility |
| Measures to protect the population in emergency situations |
| Measures to protect the population carried out in advance |
Plastic and cardboard containers for eggs, firstly, can be reused for their intended purpose. If you buy eggs unpackaged, they will cost less, since you will not have to overpay for packaging. And to make it convenient to transport them, use an existing container.
Secondly, cardboard cells are great for growing seedlings before moving them to open ground or .
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Thirdly, you can place a laptop that overheats during operation on cardboard cells. The textured surface of the container will not interfere with the access of air to cool the device.
2. Ground coffee
Ground coffee beans are suitable for use even after the drink has been brewed and drunk, but only after for cosmetic purposes. They make it effective. The easiest option is to simply rub the skin with a damp mixture.
A few years ago, housewives laughed at those who bought rags for cleaning, because they could use worn-out items for this. Now the situation has changed, and they look strangely at those who wash the floors with an old T-shirt. Nevertheless, using used textiles for cleaning is environmentally friendly and economical.
Another long-known, but half-forgotten option is to tear the knitwear into strips and knit a rug from them. With some care it will turn out complete.
offthegridnews.com 4. Plastic bags
If you're still not sold on the idea of buying and carrying it with you and continue to buy bags, at least find a reuse for them. For example, plastic product You can take it with you the next time you go shopping. And then it will perfectly replace a garbage bag.
Glass containers for pickles, coffee and other products will turn into ordinary jars if the labels are washed off. Branded lids can be a problem, but buying just the lid will be much cheaper than buying the whole dish. Jars can be used as candlesticks, flower vases, food storage containers or various small items.
pinterest.com 6. Toothbrush
An old toothbrush is convenient for cleaning crevices and hard to reach places, tile grout and even vegetables.
Don't throw away your old shower cap. It can be used to quickly pack up shoes by covering dirty soles. And you won't have to spend money on a shoe cover.
jewelpie.com 8. Laces and ribbons
Laces and ribbons are useful for wrapping gifts and tying up anything that can be tied up.
You can paint a metal baking sheet or cover it with paper, find a couple of magnets, and you’ll get a board for storing notes and memos.
cacheliving.com 10. Plastic bottles
In small plastic bottles Convenient to take water with you. A special and more aesthetic container will cost you much more, but the difference between them will only be noticeable in photos on Instagram.
If you wind it on cardboard cylinders wires or garlands, they will not get tangled. Several cylinders and a box or suitcase can turn into an organizer for storing the same wires or other not very small things.
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One broken hanger is two clothespins that can be used to close bags of cereals.
pinterest.com 13. Ketchup bottles
Sometimes in public catering you can see that mayonnaise and other sauces are poured into ketchup bottles. No one is stopping you from repeating this trick at home and not spending money on special containers. At the same time, you can save money by buying sauces in large, but inconvenient to use jars.
Glossy publications can be recycled, or you can make an ottoman out of them or bedside table. In the first case, you need to secure a pillow on top, and in the second, limit yourself to a magazine with a more or less hard cover.
homedesignlover.com 15. Plastic food containers
Mayonnaise buckets, containers processed cheese and other similar containers are made of food-grade material, they perform their functions perfectly and you already have them. So you can do without buying such dishes.
16. Suitcase
An old suitcase can be turned into a comfortable pet bed. And to make the bed soft, the towels from one of the previous points will come in handy (before you wash the floors with them, of course).
tinnhanhblog.com 17. Worn mittens
You can store sunglasses in old mittens, which will not be scratched or broken in such a case. For beauty, you can cut off the finger compartment on the mitten and carefully sew it up, but even in its original form, the mitten will do its job perfectly.
Means personal protection (PPE) is an item or group of items designed to protect (ensure safety) one person from radioactive, hazardous chemical and biological substances, as well as light radiation from a nuclear explosion.
According to their purpose, they are divided into personal respiratory protective equipment (RPP) and skin protective equipment (SPP). Based on the principle of protective action, PPE is divided into filtering and insulating.
In filtering PPE, the air necessary to maintain the vital functions of the body is cleaned of harmful impurities when passing through the PPE. Isolating type PPE completely isolates a person from the environment.
RPE is divided into gas masks (filtering and insulating), respirators and simple means.
The simplest means of respiratory protection - anti-dust fabric masks (PTM-1) and cotton-gauze bandages (VMP) can be used to protect the human respiratory system from radioactive substances and when working in a secondary cloud of biological agents (Fig. 1, 2).
To protect the respiratory organs of the adult population, filtering gas masks are used: a general-arms gas mask and a civilian gas mask GP-7.
The civilian gas mask GP-7 (Fig. 3) is today the most advanced and most reliable means of protection.
Rice. 1. Anti-dust fabric
Rice. 2. Cotton-gauze bandage mask PTM-1
The civilian gas mask GP-7 (and its modification GP-7V) is designed to protect the respiratory system, eyesight and facial skin. Gas mask provides reliable protection from poisoners, many
emergency chemically hazardous and radioactive substances. It protects for at least 6 hours from nerve agent vapors (such as sarin, zoran) and general toxic agents (hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride), radioactive substances (iodine radionuclides and its organic compounds such as methyl iodide), and also for at least 2 hours from drops Agent of vesicant action. To protect children and adolescents, children's protective chambers and filtering gas masks are used:
1. DP-6 (for older children from 12 to 17 years old);
2. PDF-7 - children's filtering gas mask (intended for children aged 1.5 to 17 years);
3. PDF-Sh - children's filtering school gas mask (designed for children aged 7 to 1 7 years).
Rice. 3. Civil filtering gas mask GP-7:
1 - front part; 2 - filter-face box; 3 - knitted cover; 4 - inhalation valve assembly; 5 - intercom (membrane);
6 - exhalation valve assembly; 7 - shutter; 8 - headplate (occipital plate); 9 - frontal strap; 10 - temple straps; 11 - cheek straps;
2 - buckles; 13 - bag
Rice. 4. Overalls of protective filter clothing (PFC):
1 - hood; 2 - chest valve;
3 - throat valve; 4 - arm straps; 5 - delays
The front parts of children's gas masks are additionally differentiated by height, depending on the age of the child and the size of his head.
Skin protection equipment (SPE) consists of special protective clothing, which includes a general-arms protective kit, a light protective suit L-2, protective overalls (Fig. 4), and protective filter clothing.
Protective clothing is used only by personnel of civil defense units, and the population must be able to adapt casual clothes and shoes for use as improvised means to protect the skin.
Industrial workwear can be used as the simplest means of protecting human skin: jackets and trousers, overalls, robes with hoods, made of tarpaulin, fire-retardant fabric, rubberized fabric or coarse cloth. Such clothing can not only protect against contact of radioactive substances and bacterial agents with human skin, but also protect for some time from droplet-liquid agents.
Among the items of household clothing, the most suitable for protecting the skin are raincoats and capes made of rubberized fabric or fabric covered with vinyl chloride film. Such clothing protects against contact with the skin of radioactive substances and biological agents; it protects against droplet-liquid agents in the summer for about 10 minutes. Winter clothes can also provide protection - a coat made of rough cloth or drape. After appropriate preparation, other types of outerwear (suits, jackets, trousers, etc.) can also provide skin protection.
To protect the head and neck, clothing must be fastened with all buttons, hooks and snaps, and the collar and hood must be raised. The neck can be tied with a scarf.
The sleeves should be tied over the wrists with ribbons, the trousers should be pulled over the boots and tied at the bottom with ribbon. The bottom of your jacket, jacket or shirt should be tucked into your trousers.
To protect your feet, you can use industrial and household rubber boots, rubber boots and galoshes. Rubber products are capable of preventing droplet-liquid agents from passing through for up to 3-6 hours.
To protect your hands, you must use rubber or leather gloves and mittens.
When leaving the contaminated area, you should quickly remove clothing, taking precautions.
To the time sheet medical supplies personal protection (MSI) includes an individual first aid kit (AI-2), an individual anti-chemical package (IPP-8) and an individual dressing package.
The individual first aid kit (AI-2) is designed to provide self- and mutual assistance in order to prevent severe consequences of exposure to damaging factors from the use of destructive weapons or accidents at nuclear power plants, as well as to prevent and mitigate infectious diseases(Fig. 5). It contains various preventative and first aid products (see section “Additional materials”).
The individual anti-chemical package (IPP-8) is intended for the disinfection of droplet-liquid chemical agents that have come into contact with open areas leather and clothing.
Rice. 5 Individual first aid kit (AI-2)
Questions for self-control
1. What is personal protective equipment intended for?
2. Which of your things can be used as the simplest means of protecting the skin from radiation hazards?
3. What personal protective equipment can you try to use at home in case of radioactive contamination of the area?
4. What is the individual first aid kit (AI-2) intended for?
Forms (controls)
Forms can be used for different purposes:
1.forms for entering, viewing and correcting data,
2.button forms for opening other forms, tables, queries, macros, reports.
The connection between a form and its data source is created using graphical objects called controls. Controls are objects used to display data, perform actions, or as decoration. For example, you can use a field to display data, a button to open another form, or a line or rectangle to separate and group controls to make their purpose clearer.
Microsoft Access uses the following types of controls, which are accessible through the Toolbox in Form Design mode: field, text box, radio button, check box, list, button, picture, line, rectangle, and additional elements(see picture).
Creating various controls on the FRAME form
Adding various controls is done in design mode
1.Create a label (free control)
Procedure:
1.increase the form title area and the size of the form itself by moving their borders with the mouse pointer,
2. click the mouse and release the Caption button on the Elements Panel,
3.move the mouse pointer (the mouse pointer changes to +A) to the form title area where the caption should be located, press and release the left mouse button and enter the title text,
4. Having selected the title text, you can format it, that is, change the size, color, font style, background color, and so on.
2.Creating a field for calculation
Procedure:
click the mouse and release the Field button on the Panel, elements
move the mouse pointer (the mouse pointer changes to +ab) to the area of the form where the field should be located, press and release the left mouse button,
deselect the field and write the expression (remember that the expression must be preceded by an equal sign, and table fields are written in square brackets).
4.then create, edit and format the Caption field, writing the name of the result into it calculations.
TASK 1
Open databasePRED;
select objectForms;
double click the iconCreation using the wizard;
in the Form Wizard window, select the FRAME table;
move all fields from the Available fields window to the Selected fields window;
in the Form Creation window setaligned;
choose a style;
click Finish;
select Design Mode;
change the Headings and Notes area;
create a Header and format it;
in Notes create 4 calculated fields:Experience, Age, Start time, Current date(functionsFormat(Date()) AndFormat(Time()));
insert picture (collection of drawings in folder PZ_10).
Which you can find at home, can be used not only for their intended purpose.
Buttons, elastic bands, tassels, rubber gloves and other things can be used for completely different purposes to make your life easier.
Here are some ideas on how you can use your usual household utensils:
5. Cosmetic brush
These soft brushes are ideal for removing dust from your keyboard. The main thing is that there is no makeup on them before cleaning.
6. Large paperclip
This clip is suitable for fastening a bracelet. Simply thread it through one end of the bracelet, and holding your hand where the bracelet will be, fasten it.
Useful for home
7. Bathroom curtain hooks
If you changed the curtain, then the hooks from the old curtain remain - they can be used to store things such as scarves and belts. They can also be attached to a regular hanger or to a rod in your closet. To store, for example, handbags.
8. Clear nail polish
Use varnish to strengthen loose buttons, small screws on glasses, and other small parts.
9. Rubber gloves
With these gloves you can open a frozen lid on a jar, because... they have good adhesion to the lid.
10. Antistatic wipes (for furniture care)
Ideal for cleaning baseboards and also removing dust for a long time so you don't have to dust too often.
11. Sticky notes (adhesive note paper)
The adhesive side can be used to collect debris that has accumulated inside the keyboard.
Useful things for home
12. Bar of soap
It can be used for a zipper to make it easier to close.
13. Bathroom curtain
Store an extra or old bathroom curtain in your car or bag, and when you go on a picnic, you will need it - if it gets dirty, it will be much easier to wash off stains on such a curtain than on a bedspread.
14. Paper clip
If you don't have a wallet with you, or you have an old one, you can temporarily use a banknote clip. You can attach a chain to it and keep the clip in your pocket without fear of someone stealing it.
15. Sticky roller (for cleaning clothes)
This roller can be used not only to clean clothes, but also inner part bags where small debris accumulates.
16. Paper muffin tins
You can decorate jam jars beautifully, for example, using simple paper muffin tins and rubber bands or ribbons.
17. Tissue box
Use this box to put small plastic bags in, and take out one bag at a time when you need to put something in it or line a bin.
18. Colander
You'll need it when you need somewhere to keep ice for drinks during a party. If you place a colander on a wide-necked jar or in a bowl, the water will flow into it and will not wet the table.
19. Wristband or sock top
Place this detail on a cup with a hot drink, and it will not only decorate the cup, but also protect your hands from burns.
20. Cardboard cylinder
This cylinder remains when you run out of paper towels. Just wrap scarves or other things around it and put it in a closet or suitcase - this will not only save a lot of space, but also protect your clothes from wrinkles.
21. Wine cork
This cork can be used as a pincushion.
22. Ice mold
Use it to store many different little things - it’s convenient and doesn’t take up much space.