Thuja occidentalis (Thuja occidentalis)- This is a tree up to 20 m tall with a narrow pyramidal, ovoid crown in old age. The bark peels off in longitudinal strips and is reddish or grayish-brown. Young shoots are 2-3 mm wide, in the third year they become rounded and become red-brown.
The leaves are sharp or obtuse, all approximately equal in length, flat with a noticeable gland on the back, 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2 m wide, lighter underneath. Lateral leaves with a rounded outer edge. Dark green in summer, brownish in winter. There are 6-7 whorls per 1 cm of thuja occidentalis shoot. The cones are 10-15 mm long, ripen in autumn and soon fall off.
Homeland - eastern regions of North America. Forms pure and mixed stands. In culture since the middle of the 16th century.
Western thuja varieties in the photo
In total, about 150 varieties of western thuja have been registered. Among them there are both tall and dwarf trees. Several creeping forms have also been developed. Below you can find descriptions of varieties of western thuja.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Albospicata’(‘Alba’) (1875, Switzerland). A small, slowly growing tree, up to a maximum of 5 m in height, with a wide-conical loose crown. The branches are outstretched, the branches are horizontal, flat. The tips of young shoots are white, especially noticeable from mid-summer to autumn. A more beautiful variety with a wide columnar crown and a more generous white color is ‘Columbia’ (1887, USA).
Thuja occidentalis 'Amber Glow'(England). Mutation of the ‘Danica’ variety. A dwarf variety of round shape, reaching 80-90 cm in diameter. The branches are wide, flat, located in different planes, often folded in parallel rows. The needles are yellow, almost orange in autumn.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Aureospicata’(before 1891, origin unknown). A small powerful tree with a conical sparse crown, at the age of 10 years the height is 2-3 m. Potentially grows up to 10 m. The branches are coarse, hard, raised and protruding. Young shoots are thick, with light yellow ends.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Aurescens’(‘Polish Gold’) (1932, Poland). The crown is narrow-columnar, dense and even, at 10 years of age the height is 2.5 m. Young shoots are golden-yellow, flat, and randomly located.
Thuja ‘Bowling Ball’(Mr. Bowling Ball’, ‘Bobozam’, ‘Linesville’) (2003, USA). dwarf shrub with a round dense and even crown, maximum size 60-70 cm in diameter. The branches are thin, often branching, and arranged chaotically. The needles are bright green, juvenile and scale-like, often with protruding tips. Found as a witch's broom around 1985.
Thuja occidentalis 'Barabits Gold'(Hungary). The crown is dense, pyramidal, fairly even, with a rounded top. Maximum height is 10 m with a width of 2 m. The branches are flat, dense, oriented mainly in the vertical plane. Young shoots are yellow, especially bright at the ends.
Thuja ‘Bodmeri’(1891, Sweden). Bushy tree potentially up to 2.5 m tall. The crown is loose, broadly cone-shaped, with a rounded top. The branches are thick, rough, sticking up under acute angle. The branches are flat, large and drooping at the base of the branches, small, ugly, protruding and crowded at the tops. On old plants they are mostly dead. Young shoots can be flat and tetrahedral due to keeled needles. The needles are blue-green, dark.
Thuja variety ‘Brobecks Tower’(Sweden). Seedling of the ‘Spiralis’ variety. The crown is narrow-pyramidal, with a wavy surface. The indicated height is up to 2.5 m. The branches are short and wide, fan-shaped, with numerous dense and short young shoots (comb-shaped), curved, located mainly horizontally. The needles are bright green.
Thuja occidentalis 'Cloth of Gold'(1831, USA). We sell under this name a shrub with a dense, even crown, first round, then broadly pyramidal. Indicated age at 10 years: 1.5 m height, 1 m width. The branches are located chaotically. Young shoots are thin. The leaves are juvenile, light green in the center of the crown, turning yellow towards the ends of the shoots, orange-yellow at the ends, especially bright in autumn. Those. this is very similar to the ‘Rheingold’ variety, especially since as these plants age, young shoots with scale-like leaves appear. According to Krussman's description, true 'Cloth of Gold' is a loose, slow-growing shrub that has scale-like light yellow needles. Similar plants are offered, for example, by Holland (Esveld).
Thuja occidentalis ‘Cristata’ (1867). Straight tree up to 3 m tall with a narrow, uneven crown. The skeletal branches are curved and directed upward. The branches, especially at the tips of the shoots, are short, comb-like (arranged in two rows and twisted), and oriented in various ways. The needles are grayish-green. At an early age, it resembles related varieties ‘Degroot’s Spire’ or ‘Brobecks Tower’.
Thuja ‘Degroot’s Spire’('DeGroots Spire'). (1985, Canada). Narrow columnar shape up to 3 (5) m tall, very uneven at an early age. The branches are fan-shaped, combed and twisted, laid in dense layers on top of each other, which creates a characteristic spiral and wavy pattern on the surface of the crown. The needles are pure green. Seedling of the ‘Spiralis’ variety.
Thuja variety ‘Danica’(1948, Denmark). Dwarf shrub with a dense rounded crown. At the age of 20 years, up to 50 cm tall. The needles are bright green in summer, brownish in winter. The branches are fan-shaped, mostly located in a vertical plane in parallel rows. Very popular.
‘Dumosa’(‘Nana’, ‘Wareana Globosa’). A dwarf variety with a rounded, somewhat flattened crown, about 1 m in diameter. The shoots are unevenly located, partly curved, mostly tetrahedral, but there are also some that are completely flat. At the top there are many vertical shoots 1015 cm long with regular leaves. Often confused with other varieties, in particular ‘Recurva Nana’. In contrast, the needles remain green all year round.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Douglasii Pyramidalis’(1891, USA). The crown is narrow-columnar, up to 10 (15) m tall, dense, with a wavy surface. The needles are dark green. The branches are short, vertically arranged, twisted.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Elegantissima’(before 1930, origin unknown). In some nurseries it is considered a synonym of ‘Aureospicata’. Reference books also ambiguously interpret this variety (according to Kryussman, it is a wide-pyramidal form, in which the ends of the shoots are yellow in summer and brown in winter.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Ellwangeriana’(1869, USA). Tree, often multi-vertexed, up to 2.5 m tall. The crown is wide-conical, loose, openwork. Skeletal branches are raised, highly branched. Young shoots are thin. The needles are partly juvenile and scale-like.
Variety ‘Ellwangeriana Aurea’(1895, Germany). Yellow mutation of ‘Ellwangeriana’. A lower and slower growing form than the green one, it has difficulty reaching 1 m in height. The crown shape and branching are similar to it. Young plants are ovoid in shape. The needles are juvenile and scaly, green inside the crown, dark yellow at the ends of the shoots, and bronze after frost.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Europa Gold’(1974, Holland). A small, slow-growing tree with a narrow, dense and even pyramidal crown. At 13 years old, 1.8 m tall (St. Petersburg). The needles are golden yellow, turning orange in winter.
Thuja ‘Fastigiata’(‘Pyramidalis’, ‘Stricta’) (1865 or 1904, Germany). Multi-stemmed tree up to 15 m tall. The crown is wide, columnar, dense. Skeletal branches are short, directed upward. The branches are flat, small, dense, located horizontally, twisted at the ends. It reproduces by seeds, so the shape can vary.
Variety ‘Filiformis’(1901, USA). Shrub up to 2 m tall, with a dense, conical crown, which becomes rounded and wide with age. Young shoots are long, round, hanging, weakly branched. The needles are spaced, partly long-pointed. After frost it takes on a bronze tint.
Variety ‘Frieslandia’. Wide pyramidal shape up to 5 m tall with a pointed apex. The surface of the crown is quite loose and uneven. The branches are large, horizontally located, with drooping ends. The needles are dark green.
Variety ‘Hetz Wintergreen’(‘Wintergreen’) (1950, USA). Narrow pyramidal or columnar shape up to 7-9 m high and 2.5 m wide with a pointed apex. Grows quickly. The surface of the crown is loose and fairly smooth. The branches are large and arranged chaotically. The needles are dark green all year round.
Variety ‘Holmstrup’(1951, Denmark). It grows slowly. Approximate height 2 m or more. The crown is narrow-conical, compact and dense, with a smooth surface. The top is loose, with long, weakly branched shoots. The curved fans of branches are oriented mainly vertically. The needles are green throughout the year. The material sold under this name is quite heterogeneous.
‘Hoseri’(1958, Poland). A dwarf variety, with a round, even crown, reaching 0.4 m in diameter at the age of 10 years. Annual growth is up to 4 cm. The branches are small, chaotically located, with protruding young shoots spaced out, the surface of the crown looks fluffy. The needles are emerald green and bright.
Thuja ‘Hoveyi’(1868). A dwarf multi-stemmed shrub of ovoid or oval shape, reaching 1.5 (2) m in height. The crown is dense, with a smooth surface. The branches are thin, fan-shaped, flat, arranged in vertical rows. The needles are light green, brownish in winter.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Little Champion’('McConnel's Globe') (1956, Canada). Dwarf round shape with a smooth surface. It grows quickly up to a height of 50 cm, then growth slows down. The branches are small, flat and slightly curved, dense, located horizontally and evenly, their ends hang slightly. The needles are bright green, turning slightly brown in winter.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Little Gem’(1891, Germany). Dwarf cushion-shaped shrub up to 1 m tall, 2 m wide. The branches are thin, spread horizontally, densely branched. The branches are small, curved, located in different planes, so that the surface of the crown seems to be covered with small swirling waves. Young shoots are curly, completely flat, up to 3 mm wide. The needles are dark.
'Little Giant'(Canada). A dwarf variety with an ovoid-oval dense crown with a rounded top. Height up to 2 m. The crown surface is smooth. The branches are very small, located evenly and neatly, mainly in the horizontal plane.
Thuja variety ‘Lutea’(until 1873, Switzerland). Up to 10 m tall. The crown is slender, pyramidal, pointed, dense, with a wavy-tubercular surface. The branches are large, flat, oriented in different planes. As you can see in the photo, the needles of the western thuja variety ‘Lutea’ are golden-yellow on top and greenish-yellow below, generally turning green when shaded.
Variety ‘Malonyana’(1913, Slovakia). Tree 10-15 m tall with a narrow and sharp columnar crown with a slightly wavy surface. The branches are dense and short. The branches are fan-shaped, curved, oriented in different planes, but mostly vertically, forming wavy, winding patterns on the surface of the crown. The needles are shiny, pure green.
Variety ‘Malonyana Holub’(Czech Republic). An ugly dwarf shrub. Skeletal branches are vertical and ascending, few in number, weakly branched. They are covered like moss with small green and crowded branches with short straight shoots. The needles are emerald green.
Thuja variety ‘Miky’. Dwarf, with an oval and pointed shape of a very dense crown. At 10 years of age, height is 0.6 m. The surface is tuberculate-wavy, tender, needle-like. The branches are small, with short young shoots, narrowly fan-shaped, curved, located in different planes. The needles are bright green in summer, and reddish-brown after frost. The sport variety is ‘Smaragd’, according to some sources, and ‘Holmstrup’ according to others.
Thuja ‘Ohlendorffii’(Before 1887, Germany). Dwarf bush-like form up to 1 m tall with a vertical growth pattern. The crown is loose and irregular. Branches with short and long, weakly branched, cord-like young shoots. Young shoots are tetrahedral, only flattened at the ends. The needles are mostly juvenile, only the cord-like shoots are covered with scale-like needles.
Thuja variety ‘Pumila’. Dwarf. The crown is round-ovoid, reaching 2 m in height with age. The branches are fan-shaped, slightly curved, spread out in a horizontal plane, not touching. Young shoots are flat, thin, up to 2 mm wide, dark green above, lighter below. Sometimes identified with 'Little Gem'.
Variety ‘Pyramidalis Compacta’(1904). Narrow pyramidal, grows slowly, up to 10 m or more in height, with a pointed apex. The crown surface is quite smooth. Skeletal branches raised. The branches are fan-shaped, horizontally spread. Young shoots are straight, close together, short. The needles are light green, duller, larger and sharper than those of the similar variety ‘Columna’.
Variety ‘Recurva Nana’(1867). Dwarf. At a young age the crown is rounded, later it becomes cone-shaped, up to 2 m in height. Branches raised or outstretched, with curved ends. The branches are flat and narrow, also curved. The ends of young shoots are curved and twisted, so that the surface of the crown resembles moss. The needles are often arranged randomly, matte green, brownish in winter.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Recurvata’(1891). Cone-shaped dense shape about 1.5 m in height. The skeletal branches are dense, partly variably curved. The branches are narrow, small, with spaced young shoots. The ends of some young shoots are ugly and curved. Fruits abundantly.
Variety ‘Rheingold’(1904, Germany). Cultivation. It practically represents vegetatively propagated juvenile shoots of the variety ‘Ellwangeriana Aurea’. In the photos of western thuja presented in our photo gallery, you can see the variety of colors of this variety: from golden yellow to orange-yellow. With age, young shoots with scale-like needles appear and the plants take on the characteristic appearance of the parent variety. Nurseries practice plucking out “adult” shoots.
Thuja variety ‘Riversii’(until 1891, England). The shape is of medium height, up to 5 m is indicated. The crown is pyramidal, even. The branches are flat, with drooping ends, and randomly oriented. The needles are yellow in summer, yellowish-green in winter.
Thuja ‘Rosenthalii’(1884). A dwarf columnar form with a smooth surface, at 50 years of age the height is 2-3 m. The branches are short, hard, very dense. The branches are located mostly horizontally, very densely. The needles are shiny, dark green.
Variety ‘Salaspils’(1928-32, Latvia). Dwarf bush-like form with a dense rounded crown. At the age of 30 years, the height is 55 cm. The branches are densely arranged, chaotically. The needles are bright green throughout the year. Mutation of the variety ‘Globosa’.
Thuja variety ‘Semperaurea’(‘Aureospicata’) (1893). Pyramidal shape up to 5 (10) m tall. The branching is dense. The needles are shiny green, golden-yellow at the ends of young shoots, darkening in winter. Possibly a hybrid of thuja occidentalis and folded.
Thuja variety ‘Spiralis’(‘Filicoides’, ‘Lycopodioides’) (1920). A fast-growing, graceful form with a narrow pyramidal or columnar crown with a long, sharp tip. Reaches a height of 10-15 m. At 10 years, the height is 3 m. The surface of the crown is uneven, loose, very wavy. The skeletal branches are short, ascending, and the lateral branches are twisted in a spiral. The branches are narrow, crowded with densely seated and overlapping short young shoots, reminiscent of a fern leaf. They are located chaotically. The needles are dark green.
Variety ‘Starstruck’. The crown shape and branching are similar to the variety ‘Smaragd’. The indicated height at 10 years is about 2 m. The needles are mostly bright green, in some areas of the branches they are yellow. A similar variety is ‘Spotty Smaragd’.
Variety ‘Stolwijk’(1986, Holland). Dwarf, with a vertical growth pattern. The crown is oval, dense, with a smooth surface and a rounded top. Height by 10 years is about 1 m. The branches are flat, protruding, chaotically oriented, young shoots are long, sparse, and thick. The ends of young shoots are creamy; by autumn the color becomes brighter and whiter.
Thuja variety ‘Sunkist’(until 1960, Holland). A pyramidal tree with a smooth crown and a sharp top. By the age of 10 it reaches 2 m in height, the maximum height is 5 m. The branches are spread out. The branches are large, loose, located in different planes. The needles are light yellow, brighter at the ends of young shoots, turning green on their inner parts.
Variety ‘Teddy’(‘Teddy Bear’) (until 1998, Germany). Cultivation. The catalogs give the following description: “A dwarf, densely branched variety with a smooth surface. At the age of 10 years, the diameter is 0.3 m. For an adult plant, the diameter is 0.6 m. The needles are juvenile, bright green. The tips of young shoots are yellowish or bronze. In winter it takes on a bluish color.” However, in our country such specimens at the age of 15 years reached a height of 1.5 m and acquired a dense columnar shape. The branches are fan-shaped, wavy, oriented horizontally. The needles have become scaly, the juvenile needles have disappeared, and in winter they acquire a bronze tint.
'Tiny Tim'(1955, Canada) - a dwarf variety with a rounded, flattened crown, by 10 years it reaches 30 cm in height and 40 cm in width. The surface of the crown is loose, but smooth. The branches are short, fan-shaped, curved, with short young shoots bent at the ends. They are located in different planes, forming lace spirals. The needles are dark green above and lighter below, turning brown in winter.
Thuja occidentalis 'Trompenburg'(Netherlands). Dwarf form with an oval dense crown with a wide top. At 10 years old, height is 60 cm. The surface is wavy. The branches are large, long or wide fan-shaped, with dense short, young shoots, variously curved and chaotically located, but horizontal rows are also pronounced. The needles are fresh, yellowish-green, darkening in winter.
Variety ‘Umbraculifera’(1890, Germany). Dwarf form in the form of a wide dense pillow. At 22 years old, height is 1.4 m. The skeletal branches are almost straight and very dense. The branches are dense, narrow, slightly twisted, arranged chaotically, and the surface of the crown is similar to moss. Young shoots are thin, frequent and short. The needles are small, up to 2 mm wide, dark, with a bluish tint.
Thuja variety ‘Vervaeneana’(1862, Belgium). Slender pyramidal shape with a smooth crown surface 12-15 m high. The skeletal branches are thin. The branches are dense, crowded, openwork, drooping. The needles are partly variegated or dark yellow, bronze-brown in winter.
Thuja variety ‘Wagneri’(until 1986, Germany). The crown is narrow-pyramidal, dense, with a rounded top, up to 5-6 m in height. The crown surface is smooth and soft. Skeletal branches are directed upward, with drooping ends. The branches are flat and small. Young shoots are thin. The needles are pure green.
Thuja variety ‘Wareana’(1825, England). Tree up to 7 m tall. The crown is dense, wide-pyramidal, with a rounded top and a fairly smooth surface. The skeletal branches are prostrate, the branches are wide, fan-shaped, crowded, located in different planes, often diagonally. The needles are large, bright green. It is often propagated by seeds, so that heterogeneous material is obtained.
Thuja variety ‘Wareana Lutescens’(until 1891, Germany). Lower and denser than the green form. By the age of 10 it reaches a height of 2 m. Young shoots are light yellow, easily turning green when shaded or in winter.
Thuja variety ‘Waterfield’. A dwarf shrub with a dense round crown, tends to grow vertically. Annual growth is 5 cm. Height at the age of 10 years is 30 cm. The branches are located chaotically, small, with spaced protruding young shoots, which makes the surface of the crown look like moss or lichen. The ends of young shoots are creamy when growing, turning brown in winter.
Western thuja variety ‘Woodwardii’(1891). It grows slowly, at 70 years it reaches 2.5 m in height and 5 m in width. The crown is spherical from a young age, then expands, with a smooth surface. The branches are large, flat, densely packed in different directions, but mostly vertically. Young shoots are rough, uniform in color on all sides. The needles are pure green all year round. Often used for cutting balls and ovals.
Western thuja variety ‘Yellow Ribbon’(1983, Denmark). The crown is columnar or narrow pyramidal, dense, maximum 4 m in height and 1 m in diameter, growing slowly. The branches are wide, flat, oriented vertically, protruding on the surface of the crown with large ribs. Young shoots are bright yellow.
‘Zmatlik’(1984, Czech Republic) - a dwarf variety with vertical growth. The branching is reminiscent of ‘Degroot’s Spire’, but the needles are smaller and darker.
Thuja occidentalis "Aurea"
Thuja occidentalis "Aurea"(‘Aurea’, 1857) is a smaller tree than the wild form, often bush-like, with a loose, uneven, wide-conical crown. In 22 the height was 3 m (St. Petersburg). The branches are flat, located in different planes, but mostly horizontally, somewhat drooping. The needles of young shoots are light yellow to orange. Fruits abundantly.
Thuja occidentalis " Aurea Nana» (‘Aurea Nana’) is a tree with a very dense, ovoid crown with a smooth surface. Growth 6 cm per year. Grows up to 1.5 m in 10 years. The branches, tightly packed in a vertical plane, are flat. Young shoots are golden yellow.
Thuja occidentalis "Brabant"
Thuja occidentalis "Brabant"(‘Brabant’) is a tall tree with a columnar or narrow pyramidal, relatively loose crown with a wavy surface. The annual growth is 30 cm. The final height is more than 3.5 (up to 5) m. The branches are flat, fan-shaped, oriented in different directions.
The needles are dark green. A very common variety. Used for topiary shapes.
Thuja occidentalis "Columna"
Thuja occidentalis "Columna"(‘Columna’) was developed in 1904 in Germany. This is a tall variety, up to 4 m or more, with a strictly columnar, narrow crown with a rounded top. Branches of all orders are short, horizontally spaced, with fan-shaped ends. The needles are shiny, dark green, small.
Thuja occidentalis 'Globosa'
Thuja occidentalis "Globoza"(‘Globosa’) was developed in 1874. It is a slow-growing shrub with a fairly compact, spherical and even crown, usually about 1 m in diameter. At 60 years old they can reach about 3.5 m in height (St. Petersburg). The branches are flat, variably oriented. The needles are pure green, grayish in winter. Can be mixed with ‘Woodwardii’ variety.
Another variety of the western thuja variety ‘Globosa’ is ‘Globosa Compacta’. This is a more compact form, reaching 0.6 m in height, with an annual growth of 4 cm. Similar to ‘Danica’, but slightly larger.
Thuja occidentalis "Golden" ("Golden Globe", "Golden Tuffet", "Golden Pearl")
Among the varieties of thuja occidentalis "Golden" there are three forms with golden-yellow needles:
Thuja occidentalis "Golden Globe"(‘Golden Globe’) was launched in 1963 in Holland. This is a yellow leaf mutation of the 'Woodwardii' form. A rounded, dense variety with a smooth crown surface, with age it becomes broadly triangular in outline. The branches are flat, horizontally located, with drooping ends. The needles are light, golden yellow.
Thuja occidentalis 'Golden Tuffet'. Rounded, later wide cushion-shaped, up to 0.6 m in height. The branches are few-branched, thin, randomly located. The needles are juvenile, in pinkish-golden-orange tones.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Gold Perle’. The crown is dense, pyramidal, with a smooth fluffy surface. Annual growth is up to 8 cm. The branches are oriented differently, loose, with spaced shoots. The ends of young shoots are creamy yellow.
Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’
Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' ('Emerald', 'Emeraude', 'Emerald Green') was bred in 1950 in Denmark. The crown is loose, narrow columnar with a smooth surface, at 10 years it reaches a height of 2.5 m, the height of adult plants is 4 (6) m. Branching is rare. The branches are wide, flat, densely branched, with short young shoots, arranged mostly vertically, forming winding vertical rows on the surface. The needles are emerald green throughout the year and shiny.
Very beautiful and popular variety. On sale you can also find ‘Smaragd Witbont’ and ‘Smaragd Variegata’ - with white tips of young shoots and the same crown shape. The differences between them are unclear.
Description: Eastern part North America, zone of coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. It reaches its best development in the northern part of its range. It grows along low-lying river banks, in swamps, often on calcareous soils. Reaches best development on moist fertile loams. It forms both pure stands and in a mixture with other forest-forming species (black ash, black spruce, balsam fir, red maple, etc.).
Thuia occidentalis "Bumbocks Tower"
Photo by Andrey Ganov
Monoecious tree 12-20 m tall, less commonly a shrub. The crown is compact, narrowly pyramidal in youth and ovoid in adulthood, often descending to the ground. The bark of young plants is smooth, red-brown, later gray-brown, separated by longitudinal ribbons. The needles are scaly, shiny green, brown-green in winter, small (0.2-0.4 cm), tightly pressed to the shoot, function for 3 years and fall off along with small branches (twig fall). The cones are small (0.8-1 cm), made up of 3-5 pairs of thin scales, ripen in the fall in the year of flowering.
In Europe since the middle of the 16th century, it grows almost everywhere, and in some places it has gone wild. In Russia from the latitude of Arkhangelsk to the Black Sea. In Europe, including Russia, it is cultivated more widely than any other foreign coniferous tree. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1793. Various shapes This species is also cultivated in LTA, Otradnoye and urban green spaces. Some of the best specimens are presented in the park of the Forestry Academy (planted by E. L. Wolf in 1890) and at the former estate of Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich in the city of Pushkin.
In GBS since 1938, 7 samples (168 copies) were grown from seeds and seedlings obtained from the arboretum of TSKhA, Lipetsk LSOS, Moscow region, there are plants of GBS reproduction. Tree, at 54 years old, height 12.5 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 5.V ± 12. Annual growth 6 cm. Dust from 21.V ± 4 to 27.V ± 3. Annually and abundantly “fruits” from 10 years, seeds ripen in October. Easily propagated by seeds and green cuttings. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed viability 50%. 97% of winter cuttings take root without treatment.
 "Filifera" Photo by Evgenia Maksimenko |
 "Golden Tuffet" Photo by Anetta Popova |
 "Little Dorrit" Photo by Anetta Popova |
 "Mr. Bowling Ball" (Thuja occidentalis "Bozam") Photo by Anetta Popova |
 "Speath" Photo by EDSR. |
 Thuja occidentals "Spiralis minima" Photo by Mikhail Polotnov |
 Thuja occidentals "Spiralis Zmatlik" Photo by Mikhail Polotnov |
 "Yellow Ribbon" Photo by Anetta Popova |
 "Yellow Ribbon" Photo by Oleg Vasiliev |
Winter-hardy, shoots become woody completely. Shade-tolerant, but in culture it develops better and lasts longer with good lighting. It grows slowly. It has little demands on soil fertility, despite its love of moisture, it tolerates dryness well. Resistant to smoke and gases.
Thuia occidentalis "Miriam"
Photo by Andrey Ganov
Very polymorphic. Has over 120 decorative forms, differing in the nature of growth, the form of branching, the color and shape of the needles and twigs.
REVIEW OF GARDEN FORMS
A. Growth is normal, straight, not dwarf; the needles are green, sometimes brown in winter:
columnar forms - “Columna”, “Fastigiata” (-Stricta), “Malonyana”;
hanging forms - “Pendula” (regular branches), “Filiformis” (filamentous branches);
loose and knotty - “Bodmerii”, “Douglasii”, “Puramidalis”, “Spiralis”.
special forms (often narrow or wide-headed) - “Gracilis”, “Hetz wintergreen”, “Indometable”, “Smaragd”.
B. Dwarf forms with regular green scale-like needles:
round and ovoid shapes- “Danica”, “Dumosa”, “Globosa”, “Hetz” “Midget”, “Noveyi”, “Little champion”, “Little Gem”, “Meski”, “Recurva nana”: (with age Pin-shaped) - “Tiny” Tom", "Umbraculifera", "Woodwardii";
pin-shaped forms - “Нolmstrup”, “Rosenhalii”;
IN. Variegated forms with regular scale-like needles:
yellow forms - “Cloth of Gold”, “Europe gold”, “Golden globe”, “Нolmstrup”, “Yellow”, “Lutea”, “Lutea nana”, “Semperaurea”, “Sunkist”, “Vervaeneana”, “Wareana” lutescens."
mottled white form - “Meinekes zwerg”.
G. Transitional forms with scaly and needle-like leaves: “Ellwan geriana”, “Ellw. aurea", "Rheinogold".
D. Forms with only needle-like leaves: “Ericoides”, “Оhlendofffii” (with ordinary elongated shoots).
"Albospicata", Belokonchikovaya ("Albospicata", "Alba"). A tree with a wide pyramidal crown, 2 - 5 m tall. The shoots are prostrate. On young plants, the ends of the branches have bright white spots. The needles are scaly, white-variegated. The light color of the needles is especially impressive during the growth of young shoots. From mid-summer, the white color becomes especially intense and the plant acquires a variegated silver color. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings. Originated in Maxwell's nursery in Geneva in 1875.
In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (5 copies) were obtained from Lipetsk LSOS, Poland. Tree, at 20 years height 5.8 m, crown diameter 180 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 7 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete. 65% of winter cuttings take root without treatment, 79% of summer cuttings.
"Aurea"(“Aurea”, “Aurescens”, “Aurea Spicata”). A tree of small or medium size, sometimes bush-shaped, with a wide-conical crown and golden-yellow needles. Known since 1857 In the BIN Botanical Garden until 1960. Now, since 1985, plants from the Main Botanical Garden (Moscow) have been grown. At the age of 22, it reached 3 m in height with a crown diameter of 1.7 x 1.7 m, and is winter-hardy (unlike some other cultivars with yellow needles). In GBS since 1937, 7 samples (27 copies) were obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS, Ostankino nursery, there are plants of GBS reproduction. Shrub, height 7.0 m at 30 years, bush diameter 230 cm. Vegetation from 11.V ± 10. Annual growth 4.5-6 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete. 97% of winter cuttings take root without treatment. The name of the form, collective, combines a number of forms with golden-yellow colored needles, which clearly differ in growth form and other characteristics, such as: "Aurea Nana"(“Aurea Nana”) - dwarf form, with a round or ovoid crown, no more than 60 cm in height, densely branched. The needles are entirely yellow-green, later light green, and brownish-yellow in winter. This also includes the forms: "Aurea Denza"("Aurea Densa"), "Aurea Compacta"("Aurea Compacta"), "Aurea Globoza"("Aurea Gtobosa"), "Mieeima Aurea"("Minima Aurea"), partially - "Semperaurea"("Semperaurea"). |
Thuja occidentalis "Aurea" "Bodmeri"("Bodmeri"). The crown is loose, obovate in shape. Plant height is up to 2.5 m. The shoots are thick, unevenly spaced from the trunk. The branches are short, thick, bizarre. Old plants often retain many dead shoots. The needles densely cover the shoots, almost pressed, dark green. Probably originated in Switzerland in 1891. Recommended for group plantings.
In St. Petersburg in the Catalogs of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1903. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1994, where it is winter-hardy and grows slowly. Also available in the collection of the LTA Arboretum
"Gods" ("Boothii"). Tree up to 4 m tall. The crown is dense, conical or slightly irregular. The branches rise gracefully. The shoots are relatively strong and densely located. The needles are scaly, large, light green, turning pale in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (55%) and winter cuttings (100%). Named in honor of James Both, the owner of a nursery in Hamburg. Isolated by botanist R. Smith in 1874. Recommended for single, group plantings and hedges.
In GBS since 1951, 3 samples (23 copies) were grown from cuttings obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 39 years old, height 5.2 m, crown diameter 250 cm. Vegetation from 13.V±8. Annual growth is 3.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high. 100% of winter cuttings treated with a 0.01% IBA solution take root for 24 hours.
"Beaufort" ("Beaufort"). In height and branching it is close to the normal type of growth. Young shoots and needles are variegated. Has a brighter color than cv. Variegctta. Obtained in Holland, known since 1963. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1995.
"Brabant"("Brabant"). Tree 15 - 21) m high. Crown diameter 3-4 m. Conical crown. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, green, and retain their color in winter. Blooms in April - May. Cones are brown, oblong-ovate, 0.8 - 1.2 cm long. Annual growth is 30 cm in height, 10 cm in width. Shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates both dryness and excessive soil moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Tolerates haircuts well. Application: single plantings, groups, hedges.
"Wagnery" ("Wagneri"). The tree is small, 3.5 m tall. The crown is dense, dense, narrowly conical, directed upward, graceful. The shoots are thin, ascending or slightly drooping. The needles are thin, green or grayish-green. Grows best in free and open spaces. Winter-hardy. Roots with summer (65%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Originated in 1890 in the nursery of Karl Wagner in Leipzig from the seeds of the western thuja "Vareana". Recommended for planting singly and in groups near residential buildings. It is advisable to use when creating a hedge.
In the LTA Arboretum there are several young trees that are not frostbitten and well developed.
In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (13 copies) was obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Multi-stemmed tree, at 38 years old, height 4.9 m, crown diameter 240 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-6 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete.
 Thuja occidentalis "Wareana"
Photo by EDSR. "Vareana" ("Wareana"). A small tree or shrub with a dense cone-shaped or pyramidal crown, height - 5 - 7 m. Shoots spaced from the trunk, fan-shaped, elastic. The branches are thick, short, erect. The needles are bright green, without a brown tint. Propagated by summer cuttings (88%), lignified (75 - 100%). Appeared in culture in the second half of the 19th century in Europe. Propagates well by seeds and cuttings (60%). Recommended for single and group plantings, for hedges near houses. Highly valued in ornamental gardening. The form is not very uniform and variable, as it is often grown from seeds. A valuable winter-hardy form, available in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (3 copies) were obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 20 years height 5.2 m, crown diameter 190 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 3-5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is below average. |
"Vareana Lutescens", Vareana Yellowing("Wareana Lutescens"). Similar in habit to the Wareana form, but lower, can reach (depending on conditions) 1.5-2.5 m in height in 10-15 years. With age, the crown becomes wider. The needles are light yellow-green in summer, brighter in color in the first half of the growing season, and acquire a bronze tint in winter. The coloring is unusual for thuja, and this cultivar can be used to create colorful compositions in combination with other forms, to create different color shades. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer and winter cuttings (98 - 100%). Appeared in the nursery of G. Gosse in 1891 (Germany). Recommended for single and group plantings in gardens and alpine gardens.
In St. Petersburg, at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1904. In the Botanical Garden, BIN has been known since 1913. Currently (since 1995) younger specimens are grown, reaching 1 at 12 years of age. 5-1.7 m high.
"Vervena" ("Vervaeneana"). Very beautiful shape. Tree up to 15 m tall, with a slender, narrow-conical crown. The shoots are thin. The branches are numerous, tender and soft, dense. The needles are light yellow or light green, bronze-brown in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (82%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Originated in 18b2 in the Vervena nursery in Ledeberg (Belgium). Recommended for planting in tapeworms, groups, alleys near houses.
Well-developed specimens are available in the collection of the Forestry Academy.
In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (14 copies) of GBS reproductions. Tree, at 38 years old, height 8.8 m, crown diameter 230 cm. Vegetation from 8.V110. Annual growth is 3-7.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high.
"Woodwardy"("Woodwardii"). Dwarf form. The crown is spherical, becoming more broadly rounded in old age. Height -1.5 - 2.5 m, width - up to 5 m. Shoots and branches are straight, flat. The needles are dark green in summer and winter, identical in color on both sides. The place of origin is unknown, the time of introduction into culture was before 1923. It is winter-hardy, but in severe winters the ends of annual shoots freeze. Propagated by cuttings (75 - 100%). Recommended for group plantings on rocky areas and lawns.
In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (6 copies) was received from the Netherlands. Shrub, at 17 years height 1.6 m, crown diameter 100 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 9. Annual growth 1-3.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is below average.
"Goetz Midet"("Hetz Midget"). Rounded, very slow growing dwarf form; the shoots are quite powerful; annual growth is about 2.5 cm. The needles are green. In 1925, selected as a seedling at Fairview Nursery; imported in 1942
"Goetz Wintergreen"("Hetz wintergreen"). Pin-shaped form, very fast growing. The needles remain green and beautiful even in winter. Hetz, USA, before 1950
  Thuja occidentalis "Globosa"
Photo on the left of Konstantin Alexandrov Photo on the right is EDSR. "Globoza", Globular ("Globosa"). Dwarf form 1.2 m high and about 1 m wide. The crown shape is round. The shoots are straight and flat, raised up, densely located, overlapping, evenly growing to the sides. The needles are scale-like, light green in spring, green in summer and gray-green or brownish in winter, with shiny glands. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings. Known in culture since 1874. Suitable for single and group plantings in rock gardens, in containers for green roofs. In St. Petersburg at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1878, in BIN since 1891. Plants of this form in the thuja alley of the Botanical Garden of BIN, planted on May 9, 1945, after 60 years reached 3.3 to 3.45 m in height. Also available in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In many other gardens, plants grown under this name do not exceed 1.25 m in height. Currently, it has been surpassed by other spherical cultivars in terms of decorativeness, compactness, and crown density. In GBS since 1950, 2 samples (6 copies) were obtained from cuttings from Lvov, there is a reproduction of GBS. Shrub, height 1.3 m at 20 years, crown diameter 100 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth up to 5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high. 100% of winter cuttings treated with a 0.01% IBA solution take root for 24 hours. |
"Globoza Nana", Globular Low ("Globosa Nana") Dwarf shrub up to 0.3 m tall. Resembles small green balls in appearance. The crown is compact, spherical. The needles are small, scale-like, dark green with a shiny gland. In winter, the needles lighten and become gray. It grows extremely slowly and forms a dense shape. It tolerates dry air worse than other forms, needs some shading and more frequent watering. Bears fruit. Propagated by seeds and cuttings (47%), known in culture since the second half of the 20th century. Recommended for rocky gardens, where it can be planted singly or in groups. Very decorative in the foreground of mixed groups.
"Govea" ("Hoveyi"). Dwarf form 1 - 1.5 m tall. The crown is ovoid-rounded. The shoots are strictly straight, thin, reddish, located in a perpendicular plane, which creates an external resemblance to the eastern biota. The needles are light green, non-shiny in summer, brown in winter, with glands on both sides. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (75%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Known in culture since 1868. Recommended for single and group plantings on rocky areas, for growing in containers.
In GBS since 1957, 1 copy. received seedlings from Poland. At 22 years old, height is 5.3 m, crown diameter is 170 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is average.
"Gracilis" ("Gracilis"). The form is fast-growing, loose; the branches are long and thin, spreading beautifully in all directions; shoots are thin, densely standing. The scales are oblong, thin, light green. KHN 204. 1875 Old English variety.
  Thuja occidentalis "Danica"
Photo on the left EDSR Photo on the right of Lyubov Fedorovna Golubitskaya "Danika"("Danica"). Dwarf shape. The variety was bred in Denmark in 1948. Height 0.6 m, crown diameter 1 m. Crown spherical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, thick, green, soft, shiny, and brownish-green in winter. Slow-growing, shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups, rocky hills. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1992 (received from Prague, Czech Republic). |
"Dutlasi Pyramidalis", Douglas Pyramid("Douglasii Pyramidalis"). By appearance reminds me of cypress. The crown shape is narrow, columnar, height - 10 - 15 m. The shoots are thin, very short, straight. The branches are green and protruding. look like fern leaves. The needles are marsh green, flat. On the lower branches it dries out early and partially falls off. It was bred at the beginning of the 20th century in Arnold Arboretum (USA) and taken from there by Shpet to Berlin (Germany). Winter-hardy. Very shade tolerant. Propagated by summer (68%) and winter (100%) cuttings. It is recommended to plant it in groups or individually near houses. It is also suitable for hedges. Close to Thuja occidentalis "Spiralis", has no advantages over it.
Known since 1891. Soon after that it appeared in St. Petersburg: in the Botanical Garden BIN (1912) and in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring (1914).
In GBS since 1950, 1 sample (8 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 39 years old, height 9.0 m, crown diameter 240 cm. Vegetation from 11.V ± 8, annual growth 5-8 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete.
"Dumosa"("Dumosa"). Dwarf shape, crown height and diameter 1 m, flattened or slightly rounded crown, irregular. The branching is similar to that of the "Recurva Nana" form (often confused with it), but the shoots are not so evenly curved and partly also quite flat, at the top there are many vertically located thin shoots about 10 -15 cm long, and very few branched shoots, like a typical thuja occidentalis, which are also not flat, but curved, but short, more branched. Often used in alypinariums.
  "Europe Gold" ("Europe Gold"). The variety was bred in Holland in 1974. Reminiscent of the yellow "Smaragd", but grows very slowly. Bush. Height 4 m. Crown diameter 1 - 1.2 m. Crown narrow pyramidal, then conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, thick, golden-yellow in winter, orange when blooming. Annual growth "in height 10 cm, width 5 cm. Grows slowly Shade-tolerant. Undemanding to soil, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers dry, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Tolerates shearing well. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups , hedges, alleys. In St. Petersburg (BIN) since 1994, it is quite winter-hardy, at 13 years it reaches the height of human height (160-180 cm). Photo on the right of Konstantin Korzhavin
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"Indomitable"("Indomitable"). Mutation "Elegantissima", fast-growing form; rising branches. The needles are dark green, but reddish-brown in winter. Around 1960, L. Konijn, Rejuvik, Holland. Particularly winter-hardy.
 Thuja occidentalis "Columna"
"Garden Collection" Photo on the right of Natalia Pavlova "Columna" ("Columna"). An upright-growing conifer with a narrow columnar crown, short branches extending densely and horizontally. It grows slowly. Height up to 10m. The annual growth is about 15 cm. The diameter of the crown is up to 1.5 m, the growth in width is about 5 cm. The bark is red-brown, rough. The needles are scale-like, thick, dark green, shiny, and do not change color in winter. The roots are thin, dense, with mycorrhiza. It is not picky about soils; it grows on both acidic and alkaline moist and fertile substrates. Sensitive to compaction of the soil surface. Location: sunny or partial shade Quite winter-hardy. Application: individual specimens or groups, suitable for hedges. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1936. Also grown at the Forestry Academy. |
"Compact", Dense ("Compacta""). Dwarf form, derived from the "Pyramidal Dense" form. Not a large tree or shrub, up to 2 m high and 1 m wide. The crown is pyramidal, thickening with age and becoming ovoid. It does not have large branches, flatly spaced like the type. The needles are bluish-green. It grows slowly. Rooting rate is 75% for summer cuttings, 100% for winter cuttings. Recommended for single, group plantings and hedges.
In GBS since 1938, 1 sample (3 copies) was obtained from 5-year-old seedlings from Kyiv. Shrub, at 56 years height 10 m, crown diameter 290 cm. Vegetation from 13.V ± 8. Annual growth 5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete.
"Cristata", Comb ("Cristata"). Slender graceful tree 3 - 5 m tall. The crown is rounded, flattened. The branches are short, directed comb-like upward. The needles are gray-green. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (93%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Known in culture since 1867. Recommended for single and group plantings, for hedges near houses.
In GBS since 1952, 3 samples (9 copies) were grown from cuttings obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS; there are plants of GBS reproduction. Tree, at 20 years height 4.0 m, crown diameter 170 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 7 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete.
In St. Petersburg in the Catalogs of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1904. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1990, winter-hardy.
"Lutea", Yellow ("Lutea"). Tree up to 10 m tall. The crown is loose, narrowly conical or pyramidal. The needles are small, flattened, shiny, golden-yellow above, light yellow-green below. Very attractive against a background of dark greenery. In winter, the color does not change or darkens slightly. Winter-hardy. Grows quickly. Sets a lot of seeds, but when seed propagation only 25% inherit maternal characteristics. Therefore, they are propagated by summer (75%) and winter (88 - 100%) cuttings. Originates from the USA, known in culture until 1873. It is found quite often and remains one of the best yellow-colored forms. Recommended for single and group plantings in gardens and near houses. Thuja is also distinguished Yellow-variegated"(f. lutescens) - with a densely branched, pyramidal crown, with yellow-variegated branches. Winter-hardy. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1886, almost at the same time it appeared in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring (1892). Possibly synonymous with the form Area. Currently available in the BIN and LTA collections. In GBS since 1957, 5 samples (9 copies) were obtained from Poland; there are plants of GBS reproduction. Shrub, height 5.1 m at 20 years, crown diameter 160 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 10. Annual growth 5-8 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete. |
Thuja occidentalis "Lutea"  Thuja occidentalis "Little Gem"
Photo by EDSR. "Little Jam" ("LittleGem"). A dwarf form with a crown width of up to 2 m, and the height is much less. The crown is flat-rounded, flattened. The branches are rough, straight, rising, the branches are curved. The needles are dark green, brown in winter. The shape is close to "Recurva Nana". Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer cuttings (62%). It is recommended to plant in groups or singly on rocky areas, suitable for creating a hedge. Known since 1891. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1984 (cuttings from Salaspils, Latvia). In GBS since 1973, 1 sample (7 copies) was obtained from cuttings from Lvov. Shrub, at 17 years height 0.55 m, crown diameter 70 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 10. Annual growth 0.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high. |
"Malonyan" ("Malonyana"). Pointed and narrow columnar form 10 - 15 m high. The shoots are short, brown, densely branched, flat, and densely spaced. The needles are shiny, green, and distinctly glandular. Winter-hardy. Propagated by seeds. When grown from seeds, 85% of seedlings retain their basic shape. Rooting rate of summer cuttings is 100%. Obtained in the Czech Republic (Arboretum Mlynany), before 1913. Currently widely found in culture. It is recommended to plant individually or in groups near houses. Can be used to create hedges. In St. Petersburg since 1937, the first to test it in the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy was N. M. Andronov. BIN has been known in the Botanical Garden since 1967. Good specimens are available in the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy. |
"Olendorffy" ("Ohlendorffii"). A shrub more than 1 m tall, growing unevenly in width. The shoots are long, straight, tight, branched only at the top. The needle-shaped needles at the ends of the shoots are arranged crosswise, subulate-shaped, about 12 mm long, reddish-brown. The scaly needles are small, arranged in 4 rows, and become red-brown in the second year. Appeared in Hamburg with Ohlendorff in 1887. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings (39%). Very decorative and worthy of wider testing for landscaping alpine slides, where it is planted in groups or solitary on parterre lawns. Can be grown in containers. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1986. Also grown at the Forestry Academy. |
"Pumila" ("Pumila") Shrub up to 2 m tall. In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (4 copies) was obtained from seedlings from the Netherlands. Tree, at 20 years crown diameter 130 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5- 2 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is below average. 100% of winter cuttings take root without treatment.
 Thuja occidentalis "Pyramidalis compacta"
Photo by Nadezhda Dmitrieva "Pyramidalis Compacta", Pyramidal Dense("Pyramidalis Compacta"). Tree up to 10 m tall. The crown is narrowly conical. The shoots are densely branched, strong, tightly pressed to each other, short. The needles are large, scale-like, light green, with a faint shine. Winter-hardy. It has been known in culture since 1904 and is widespread. Recommended for single and group plantings. In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (10 copies) were obtained from green cuttings from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 38 years old, height 9.0 m, crown diameter 150 cm. Vegetation from 7.V±10. Annual growth is 5-12 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness I. 62% of winter cuttings take root without treatment. |
  Thuja occidentalis "Rheingold"
Photo by EDSR. "Rheingold"("Rheingold"). Transitional form, at a young age the crown is spherical, later - wider, height - up to 1.5 m. The shoots are thin. Young growing branches have a beautiful pinkish tint. The needles are light golden yellow, partly needle-shaped, partly scale-like. Propagated by cuttings (48%). Recommended for single and group plantings on rocky areas, as well as for growing in containers. The plants cultivated under the name Rheingold are nothing more than propagated "ericoid" young shoots of Thuja occidentalis f. Ellwangeriana Aurea, shoots with needle-like leaves. Plants propagated in this way retain their golden-yellow color for a long time, only turning copper-yellow in winter. In older plants, more and more scaly leaves appear with age, accordingly, there is a return to the original form of Ellwangeriana Aurea. Thuja under the name Rheingold appeared in cultivation around 1900 in Lübeck (Germany). In St. Petersburg, E. L. Wolf (1917) was the first to test it. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1984 (obtained by cuttings from Latvia, Salaspils), it freezes in cold winters. Here it is a slow-growing tree with a wide-conical crown. Also available in the collection of the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy. |
"Riversea"("Riversi"). Tree up to 5 m tall. The crown is compact, wide-conical. The shoots are short, everted. The needles are yellow in summer, yellowish-green in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings (65 - 75%). Recommended for hedges and group plantings on rocky areas, or alone on a lawn.
In GBS since 1958, 1 sample (12 copies) was received from Nizhny Novgorod. Tree, at 30 years height 5.0 m, crown diameter 140 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 8. Annual growth 7-12 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is average.
"Rosenthal"("Rosenthalii"). The shape is uniformly columnar, up to 5 m tall. The shoots are short, dense, straight, perpendicular. The branches are numerous, slightly rounded. The needles are dark green and shiny. It grows extremely slowly. Introduced into cultivation in 1884. It is often found only in Europe. Winter-hardy. Rooting rate of summer cuttings is 92%, winter cuttings - 100%. Recommended for single and group plantings and hedges.
In St. Petersburg at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1909. In the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1949, specimens of younger plants are currently being grown.
In GBS since 1955, 1 sample (9 copies) was received from Holland. Tree, at 34 years old, height 2.3 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Vegetation with 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-3 cm, grows slowly. Dust from 5.V±6 to 12.V±4. The seeds ripen by early November and spill out of the capsules in December. Winter hardiness is complete.
"Salaspils" ("Salaspils" (Th. occidentalis "Globosa Salaspils"). Dwarf, slowly growing, abundantly branching bush-like form, with a dense spherical crown. Reaches only 55 cm in height at 30 years. The green color of the needles does not change in winter. It is a mutation, selected from seedlings from the cultivar "Globosa". Obtained in the Botanical Garden of Salaspils, Latvia, in 1928-1932. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1984, cuttings directly from Salaspils.
"Sunkist"("Sunkist"). Dwarf form. Height 3 - 5 m, crown diameter 1 - 2 m. Crown conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, golden-yellow, yellow when blooming, and bronze in winter. It grows slowly. Photophilous. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Khoronyu endures a haircut. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups. Known as an improved version of T. oscidentalis "Lutea".
"Semperaurea", Evergolden("Semperaurea"). Tree 10 - 12m tall. The crown is broadly conical. The shoots are thick. Growth is powerful. The ends of the shoots and young needles are densely golden; in winter, the needles turn brown and become yellow-brown. A characteristic feature of this form is that the branches are facing south with their edges. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings, but rooting rate is no more than 30%. Known since 1893. Often found in Western Europe. In the Kurnik arboretum (Poland) it was obtained independently in 1932. One of the best yellow-colored forms of the western thuja (f. aurescens Wrobl. ex Browicz et Bugala), characterized by smaller sizes, namely: height - 4 - 5 m, narrow-coconical crown, young shoots and needles have a bright golden color. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings (72%). Recommended for group plantings near houses. In St. Petersburg at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1907. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1995 |
  Thuja occidentalis "Smaragd"
Photo on the left of Alexandra Shcherbakova, Garden Collection company Photo on the right is EDSR. "Emerald"("Smaragd"). Squat form up to 2 m tall. The crown is cone-shaped, weakly branches. The shoots are located in a vertical plane. The branches are far apart, glossy, fresh green in summer and winter. Obtained in 1950 in Denmark (Quistchard). Currently in great demand among plant lovers. Propagated by cuttings (53%). Recommended for group and single plantings. Can be tested when creating a hedge. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1993. It is also grown in the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy. |
 Thuja occidentalis "Spiralis"
Photo by EDSR. "Spiralis" ("Spiralis"). Tree with a narrow conical crown, up to 15 m tall. The shoots are twisted and turned so that they resemble a spiral when viewed from above. The branches are short, reminiscent of the leaves of some ferns. The needles are bluish-green. In terms of growth rate, it surpasses all other forms of western thuja. Known in culture since 1920. Place of origin unknown. Propagated by seeds. When propagated by seed, 30% of seedlings inherit shape characteristics. Rooting rate of summer cuttings is 95%. Winter-hardy. Recommended for single and group plantings. Effective in alleys. In cultivation since 1920. BIN has been known in the Botanical Garden since 1948, and is also available in LTA. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (7 copies) were received from Denmark and the Netherlands. Tree, at 33 years old, height 8.6 m, crown diameter 160 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 10. Annual growth 5-9 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is average. |
  Thuja occidentalis "Stolwijk"
Photo on the left EDSR. Photo on the right Andrey Ganov "Stolwijk" ("Stolwijk"). A new cultivar, which is not yet in the world's dendrological reference books. Obtained in Holland, at the Stolwijk Nursery, in 1986 (Erhardt, 2005). Original low form, in youth with a hemispherical or wide-pyramidal crown, at 10 years reaches about 1 m in height. The lower part of the crown is dense, the upper part is sparse, sometimes multi-stemmed. Summer needles are green, young growth is white-yellow. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1998, it is quite winter-hardy, forms cones, and is easily propagated from cuttings. |
 Thuja occidentalis "Tiny Tim"
Photo of Golubitskaya Lyubov Fedorovna "Tiny Tim" ("Tiny Tim"). Dwarf form, developed in 1955, very beautiful. Height 0.5 -1 m, crown diameter 1 - 1.5 m. Crown spherical, short and dense branches. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, dark green. At 10 years old, the height of plants of this form is 30 cm, the diameter of the crown is 40 cm. It grows slowly. Photophilous. It is undemanding to soils, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups, on rocky hills. |
"Tuiopsoides" ("Thujopsoides"). The needles are reminiscent of Japanese arborvitae, vigorous growth, with a loose crown and larger cones. Known until 1894, it first appeared in Duisburg (Germany). It has been grown on the Karelian Isthmus, in the Arboretum of the scientific experimental station BIN "Otradnoe" since 1986 (obtained from Salaspils, Latvia).
"Umbraculifera", Umbrella ("Umbraculifera"). Dwarf form up to 1.5 m tall. The crown is flat-rounded, almost umbrella-shaped at the top. The shoots are straight. The ends of the branches are thin, rounded, slightly drooping. The needles are juicy, small, dark green with a bluish tint. Winter-hardy. It grows slowly. Fruits moderately. Propagated by seeds, more often by summer cuttings (92%), winter cuttings - 100%. Appeared in 1890 in Germany. Recommended for single and group plantings on rock gardens, lawns, and for growing in containers.
In St. Petersburg, in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1903. In the Botanical Garden, BIN at 22 years old reaches 1.4 m in height with the same crown width.
In GBS since 1957, 1 sample (2 copies) was obtained by cuttings from the Lipetsk LSOS. Shrub, at 38 years height 0.55 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Vegetation from 17.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-3.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high.
"Fastigiata", Equally High ("Fastigiata"). Very variable form. Tree with a columnar crown, 15m tall. It looks like a cypress tree. The shoots are tightly pressed to the trunk, directed partially downwards. The branches are numerous. The needles are light to dark green. Unlike other forms, it retains its green color to a greater extent in winter. Grows quickly. It tolerates air pollution better than others. A widely known and beloved form. Winter-hardy. It is easy to grow from seeds, but the seed offspring will not always be uniform. Propagated by summer (95%) and winter (60%) cuttings. Recommended for single and group plantings near houses.
Known since 1865. In St. Petersburg at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1903, in the Botanical Garden BIN since 1937. It is also grown in the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy. A stable and reliable form, suitable for hedges.
In GBS since 1938, 5 samples (19 copies) were obtained from Potsdam (Germany), Lipetsk LSOS, Trostyanets arboretum (Ukraine), there are plants of GBS reproduction. Tree, at 52 years old, height 1.8 m, crown diameter 230 cm. Vegetation from 9.V ± 8. Annual growth 8-13 cm. Dusty from 17.V ± 4 to 24.V ± 3, irregularly. The seeds ripen at the end of October. Winter hardiness is complete.
"Philicoides" ("Filicoides"). Shrub. In GBS since 1947. Seedlings were received from Germany. Currently, one sample of GBS reproduction is from 1965. At 28 years old, height 4.5 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 10.V ± 7. Annual growth is about 15 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is below average. 15% of summer cuttings take root; when treated with phyton, callus is formed in 3.5 months.
 Thuja occidentalis "Filiformis"
Photo by Anetta Popova "Filiformis", Filiformis ("Filiformis"). A small tree up to 1.5 m tall. The crown is dense, broadly cone-shaped or round. The shoots are long, hanging, thread-like, weakly branched. Young needles are scale-like, light green with clearly defined resinous glands. In winter it turns brown. Winter-hardy, propagated by cuttings (62%) and seeds. Known in culture since 1901, brought to Europe from North America. Recommended for group plantings on the lawn and for growing in containers. In St. Petersburg, the first to test it was E. L. Wolf (1917). In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1955 (currently young plants). Good specimens are available in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In GBS since 1970, 1 sample (2 copies) was obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS with living plants. Shrub, at 20 years height 1.2 m, crown diameter 110 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high. |
 Thuja occidentalis "Holmstrup"
Photo by Alexander Zhukov "Holmstrup"("Holmstrup"). The variety was obtained in Denmark in 1951 by breeder A. R. Jensen. Bush. Height 3 - 4 m, crown diameter 0.8 - 1 m. Crown conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, flaking. The needles are scaly, thick, green. The annual growth is 12 cm in height, 4 cm in width, grows slowly. Shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Tolerates haircuts well. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups, hedges, alleys. "Holmstrup vellow" - mutation of "Holmstrup" with yellow needles. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1992. In terms of winter hardiness, it does not differ from the typical western thuja. |
"Elegantssima", Most Graceful ("Elegantissima"). Tree up to 5 m tall. The crown is dense, wide-conical, graceful. The needles are brightly colored and shiny. The ends of the shoots have a whitish tint. Winter-hardy. Abundantly bears fruit. It is difficult to propagate by cuttings (up to 14%) and seeds. When sown, only part of the seedlings inherits the characteristics of the form. Known in culture since 1930. Recommended for single and group plantings on the lawn.
 Thuja occidentalis "Ellwangeriana"
Photo by EDSR. "Ellvangeriana" ("Ellwangeriana"). Transitional form, 2.5 m tall. The crown is broadly conical, in young trees it is pyramidal. The shoots are straight, finely pinnate. The ends of the branches are highly branched. The needles on young shoots are soft, needle-like, on older shoots they are scaly, flat, pressed, and grayish in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (54%) and winter (97 - 100%) cuttings, as well as seeds. Originated in 1869, apparently in North America. Recommended for group plantings near houses and as a tapeworm. A very elegant plant for single plantings in the foreground. In GBS since 1947, 3 samples (16 copies) were obtained from Brno (Slovakia), the Netherlands. Tree, at 49 years old, height 7.2 m, crown diameter 380 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 10. Annual growth 8-15 cm. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is complete. |
 Thuja occidentalis "Ellwangeriana Aurea"
Photo by Anetta Popova "Ellvangeriana Aurea", Ellvangeriana aureus ("Ellwangeritina Aurea"). The yellow offspring mutant from the "Ellwangeriana" form originated in Späth's nursery in 1895 (Germany). It grows slowly and reaches about 1 m in height, often has several peaks. The crown is ovoid. The needles are scaly and needle-shaped, golden-bronze in color, and golden-yellow in winter. Young growing branches have a beautiful pinkish tint. The shoots are thin. Suffers from sunburn and sometimes severe frosts. The shoots branch densely. Propagated by summer (52%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Recommended for single and group plantings, for growing in containers. Very decorative, goes well with the pyramidal green forms of thuja, and retains its golden color well. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (11 copies) were obtained from England; there are plants of GBS reproduction. Tree, at 33 years old, height 4.6 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 15.V ± 10. Annual growth 5-8 m. Does not generate dust. Winter hardiness is high. |
  Thuja occidentalis "Ericoides"
Photo on the left EDSR. Photo on the right of Mironova Irina "Ericoides", Heather-shaped ("Ericoides"). Dwarf form up to 1 m tall. Reminds me of juniper in appearance. The crown is rounded, wide-conical, multi-peaked. The shoots are thin, flexible, straight and curved, numerous. The needles are subulate, up to 8 mm long, soft, matte yellow-green above, gray-green below, brownish in winter. Grows quickly. Only young plants are decorative; older specimens have many dead shoots and needles. It is known as a low-winter-hardy form; perennial shoots are frostbitten. Easily propagated by cuttings (88%). Effective in group plantings. Used to create dwarf gardens and design flower beds. Known since 1867. In St. Petersburg at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1901. There can be quite a lot of dried shoots and needles in the crown, drying out from below increases with age and with poor planting. It is grown in the collections of the Botanical Garden BIN and the Otradnoe Scientific Experimental Station. In GBS since 1957, 3 samples (8 copies) were obtained from Poland (seedlings), from Lipetsk LSOS, Lvov, Sochi. Shrub, at 20 years height 1.5 m, crown diameter 80 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 9. Annual growth 3-5 cm. Low winter hardiness. |
Location: Can grow in sun and partial shade. On sunny places sometimes suffers from temperature fluctuations or becomes dehydrated from frost and shrivels up. It is better to plant in places protected from the wind. Winter-hardy (some forms are less frost-resistant, primarily those with young juvenile needles, as well as some golden ones). Grows relatively slowly.
Soil: turf or leaf soil, peat, sand (2:1:1) with the addition of 500 g of nitroammophoska for each adult plant when planting mineral fertilizers. Can grow on any soil: swampy, peaty, clayey, dry sandy loam, etc.
Landing: the distance between plants is from 0.5 to 3, rarely 5 m, in a hedge with two-row planting between rows 0.5 - 0.7 m, in a row 0.4 - 0.5 m. It is recommended to arrange thuja alleys with a width of 6 - 8 m with an interval between trees of 4 m. Planting depth is 60 - 80 cm, depending on the clod of earth, as well as the height and diameter of the plant crown. Root collar at ground level. Drainage with a layer of 15 - 20 cm on underlying clay or pipes in trenches in swamps.
Thuja hedge
Photo of Elena Solovyova
Care: in the spring it is recommended to apply "Kemira Universal" at the rate of 100 - 120 g/m2, only two years after planting, if the full amount has been applied mineral fertilizer. For the first month after planting, it is recommended to water once a week with 10 liters per plant and sprinkling. IN dry time season, watering 15 - 20 liters per plant and 2 times a week, also sprinkling. Thujas love moist soils; in dry places and in the shade the crowns thin out. Loosening is shallow 8-10 cm, because thuja has a superficial root system. It is advisable to mulch with peat or wood chips with a layer of 7 cm. Removing dry shoots annually in the spring. Moderate trimming of hedges, no more than 1 /3 shoot length. Crown molding as needed. Mature plants are quite winter-hardy. In the first winter after planting, young plants need shelter. Their needles should be protected from winter and spring sunburn by covering the plants with spruce branches or craft paper.
Usage: Thuja occidentalis and its forms are a valuable material for green building in most of Russia, with the exception of the extreme northeast of the European part of Russia, the extreme northern part of the forest zone of Siberia and the arid southern steppe and semi-desert regions, where it can be replaced by biota. Resistance to urban conditions allows this species to be widely used in urban landscaping, and a wide variety of decorative forms makes it possible to create a wide variety of compositions. In green construction it is used for solitary plantings (especially for garden forms), as well as for lining alleys, monumental walls and hedges different heights. For forestry purposes it is of interest as an undergrowth species and for planting on excessively wet soils.
Partners: goes well with hemlock, cypress, European larch, oriental spruce, etc.
Description
"Albo-spicata" Belokonchikovaya ( "Albospicata""Alba"). Thuja occidentalis "Albo spicata" A tree with a wide pyramidal crown, 2 - 5 m tall. The shoots are prostrate. On young plants, the ends of the branches have bright white spots.
The needles are scaly, white-variegated. The light color of the needles is especially impressive during the growth of young shoots. From mid-summer, the white color becomes especially intense and the plant acquires a variegated silver color. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings. Thuja occidentalis "Albo spicata" originated in Maxwell's nursery in Geneva in 1875.
Life form: Thuja occidentalis "Albo spicata" Conifer
Crown: Broad pyramidal, dense.
Growth rate: Moderate. The annual growth is 15 cm in height and 5 cm in width.
Height 5 m, crown diameter 2 m.
Durability: 200 years
Fruits: Cones, round, brown, from 0.7 to 0.9 cm.
Needles: Scaly, white and green.
Decorativeness: Thuja occidentalis "Albo spicata" decorative coloring and crown shape.
Usage: Single plantings, decorative groups, hedges.
Attitude
to light: shade-tolerant
to moisture: drought-resistant
to soil: not picky
to temperature: frost-resistant
Homeland: Europe
Growing conditions, care
Western ‘Albo-spicata’ ‘Aureo-variegata’ ‘Aureo-spicata’
‘Bodmeri’ ‘Botii’ ‘Wagneri’ ‘Globoza’ ‘Govea’ ‘Danika’
‘Columna’ ‘Lutea’ ‘Rheingold’ ‘Recurva Nana’
‘Smaragd’ ‘Fastigata’ ‘Filiformis’ ‘Holmstrup’ ‘Elvangeriana Aurea’
heather
Landing Features: Thuja occidentalis "Albo spicata" Can grow in sun and partial shade. In sunny places it sometimes suffers from temperature fluctuations or dries out from frost. It is better to plant in places protected from the wind.
Root collar at ground level. If groundwater are close, drainage is required, consisting of crushed stone in a layer of 10-20 cm.
Soil mixture: Sod land, peat, sand - 2:1:1.
Optimal acidity - pH 4.5 - 6
Top dressing: When planting, add nitroammophoska (500 g).
Watering: During the first month after planting, it is recommended to water once a week, 1 bucket per plant.
During the dry season, water 1.5-2 buckets per plant 2 times a week and sprinkle.
Thujas love moist soils; on dry and in the shade the crowns thin out.
Young plants require more frequent and abundant watering during dry periods.
Loosening: Shallow, 8-10 cm after watering and weeding under young plantings.
Mulching: It is advisable to mulch with peat or wood chips in a layer of 7 cm.
Trimming: Remove dry shoots every spring. Hedge trimming is moderate, no more than 1/3 of the length of the shoot. Crown molding as needed.
Pests:
False shield
Thuja aphid
Diseases:
Drying of shoots
Preparing for winter:
Mature plants are quite winter-hardy. However, in the first winter after planting, the needles of young plants should be protected from winter and spring sunburn. To do this, thujas are wrapped in not very thick burlap.
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