Good afternoon. Please tell me, is it necessary to put a dash when the subject is, say, father, and then comes nationality? For example, my father is Jewish, or my mother is Armenian. If not necessary, then explain why. Thank you
According to the basic rule, a dash is placed between the subject and predicate, expressed nouns.
But a dash may not be placed if the written speech reflects pronunciation with logical emphasis on the predicate. Thus, if logical stress falls on words Jew And armenian nka, this sentence can be written with or without dashes.
| Question No. 295415 | ||
I am interested in the declension of male Armenian surnames into -yan in the plural, which is correct: the Tumasyan brothers or the Tumasyans?
Russian help desk response
At the word brothers foreign-language surnames are usually put in the singular form: Tumasyan brothers.
| Question No. 294234 | ||
How is a patronymic formed from the names (Armenian) Khanagov, Varantsov, Lermontov.
Russian help desk response
From names that end in hard consonants (except for sibilants and ts), middle names are formed by adding suffixes - ovich, -aries to the full form of the name. Right: Khanagovovich, Khanagovna; Varantsovovich, Varantsovovna, Lermontovovich, Lermontovna.
| Question No. 294132 | ||
Please tell me which is correct: Tabasarans or Tabasarans? D.E. Rosenthal believes: “Many masculine nouns with a non-derivative base on a solid consonant (except sibilants) have in the genitive case plural form without ending (so-called zero ending). This includes the names of some nationalities, mainly with “n” and “r” (to live among): British, Armenians, Georgians, Ossetians, Turkmens, Turks, Khazars, etc.; but: blacks, Svans, Mongols, Uzbeks, Yakuts; fluctuations: Sarmatians - Sarmatians and some others" (Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M. 1985 § 154. P. 197). However, there is inconsistency in the dictionaries: in some the name of the nationality is given as Tabasarans, in others Tabasarans, in others both variants. However, this is wrong: you cannot say both Armenians and Armenians; both Ossetians and Ossetians. So what would be the right thing to do?
Russian help desk response
Tabasarans(genus plural tabasaran) And Tabasarans(genus plural Tabasarans) – equal options .
Good afternoon. How to spell the surname Ryabokon (male) in dates. case - Student Ryubokon (s) Andrey? and how to deal with Armenian surnames (masculine) in this case? Armenians do not disagree with what they are being persuaded to do.
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 292862 | ||
What to do with an Armenian dish that has received widespread in the world and here. DOLMA. I communicated a lot with the Armenians, in the Armenian language - DOLMA does not decline. Apparently I’m so used to it that all sorts of “make DOLMA” instead of “make DOLMA”, “treat DOLMA” instead of “treat DOLMA” hurt my ears. Just like Dimitrov instead of Dimitrov and Gramsci instead of Gramsci.
Russian help desk response
In Russian the word dolma leans . Right: make dolma, treat dolma.
| Question No. 291510 | ||
Hello! Please answer, is it possible to use quotation marks in the Armenian language? Or just "Christmas trees"? Thank you in advance.
Russian help desk response
Unfortunately, we cannot say anything about the Armenian language.
| Question No. 286857 | ||
Hello. How do male and female surnames of Mingrelians, Armenians, etc. decline in Russian? (for example, Jenia, Gura...)
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 284683 | ||
Hello! Help me figure out the declination of a woman's last name. The girl married Pyotr Vasilishin and became Anastasia Vasilishin, and not Anastasia Vasilishina (as they claim, this surname is supposedly Polish and is not used by women, although Pyotr’s mother bears the surname Vasilishina). Basic Truth No. 8 states that “a) there is no rule “all Armenian, Georgian, Polish, etc. surnames are not declined” - the declension of surnames is subject to the laws of language grammar, and if the final element of the surname is amenable to Russian inflection, it inclined; b) the rule “men's surnames are inclined, women's are not” does not apply to all surnames, but only to those that end in a consonant;" and “the declension of surnames ending in -ov (-ev,), -in (-yn), -sky (-tsky), i.e., the so-called standard surnames, does not cause difficulties for native speakers... If the male surname “Zhemchuzhin, that’s right: the arrival of Irina Zhemchuzhina.” So how can a HR employee “work” with this last name?
Russian help desk response
The HR department worker needs to open Anastasia’s passport and see how the last name is recorded in it nominative case. If in the nominative case – Vasilyshyn, then the surname is not declined: Anastasia Vasylishin, with Anastasia Vasylishin.
| Question No. 281663 | ||
Good afternoon, please tell me: How to correctly decline male and female Armenian surnames, and if possible, with a link to an official document.
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 278347 | ||
Please help, good people!
Use nouns in the genitive singular or plural form and add stress. If the noun is in the Nominative singular case, then you need to put it in the Genitive singular case, but if the noun is given in the Nominative plural form, then you need to put it in the Genitive plural case.Cue, pond, syllables, lines, goulash, goose, coal, courage, footage, trellis, Kyrgyz, Chuvash, Armenian, Mordvins, Bashkirs, mangers, rakes, pokers, tomatoes, apricots, tangerines, eggplants, kilograms, socks, boots , stockings, boots, cakes, scarves, shoes, Christian, heretic, confessor, beets, branches, localities, regions, boards, donya, sheets, statements
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 277543 | ||
On the home page of GRAMOTA, RU, in an article about the declination of surnames, I again encountered a contradiction. In one paragraph of the article you write that surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Zhuk, Palka) are not declined:
“The experience of our “Inquiry Bureau” shows that …………………………….in all cases, the declension of the surname depends on the gender of the bearer; surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Zhuk, Stick) are not declined. A considerable number of native speakers are convinced that there are so many rules for declension of surnames that it is impossible to remember them.”
And at the end of the article I read that there is nothing stopping you from inclining such surnames:
“Elementary truth No. 8. Declension of surnames is subject to the laws of ……………. The coincidence of the surname in form with common nouns (Fly, Hare, Stick, etc.) is not an obstacle to their declination.”
What is the right thing to do - to incline or not to incline? Thanks in advance for your answer.
Russian help desk response
Please read the article more carefully: “...Among native speakers there are quite a few misconceptions regarding the rules for declination of surnames. Here the main ones: the decisive factor is the linguistic origin of the surname (“Georgian, Armenian, Polish, etc. surnames are not declined”); in all cases, the declension of the surname depends on the gender of the bearer; surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Beetle, Stick), do not bow. A considerable number of native speakers are convinced that there are so many rules for declension of surnames that it is not possible to remember them.”
| Question No. 272378 | ||
And the third time :-) To question No. 272371: in the Bolshoi explanatory dictionary(http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%F5%EE%EB%EE%EA%EE%F1%F2&all=x) it is noted that in journalistic speech the term “Holocaust” is used with lowercase letters precisely in the meaning of “the mass extermination of Jews during the Second World War”; this word is a hypernym of the word "genocide". After all, there is no Genocide (Armenian genocide), Repression (Stalinist repressions) - or rather, the author, for some reason (ideological, political, etc.) can write these words with a capital letter, but this will be justified only by taste.
Russian help desk response
Please take a closer look at the dictionary entry. Litter publ. refers to the value placed after the double slash.
| Question No. 270680 | ||
Good afternoon.
Please tell me if the declination rule applies male surnames ending with a consonant for Armenian surnames? For example: Sardaryan, Sardaryan..
Sincerely,
Natalia
Russian help desk response
Yes, it is spreading. This rule applies to all surnames regardless of their origin.
Among the many factors that determine belonging to a particular people or nationality, Armenian surnames arouse great interest and numerous discussions. Their origin, history, and peculiarities of use are of concern to many native speakers and Russian-speaking representatives of the diaspora.
Origin and varieties
The process of the appearance of a surname is varied, entertaining and educational, and also contains details by which one can identify a representative of a particular nationality.
Excursion into the past
The history of the name is always confusing. It is impossible to say with absolute certainty what was the impetus. In ancient times, groups of Armenians living compactly were small in number. Everyone knew each other. In principle, there was no need for surnames; a first name was enough. If they coincided, characteristic nicknames were given.
The formation of surnames dates back to the Middle Ages. This is the time of development of trade and crafts. Names and local nicknames were no longer enough. To understand, I had to add a place of residence, type of activity or external signs.
Surnames familiar to the ear with a modern sound arose at the turn of the 19th century. The suffix -yan, borrowed from Persian, indicates a relationship:
- Abazyan (from the Abaza family).
- Aramyan (family of Aram).
- Bagdasaryan.
- Karapetyan.
- Mirzoyan.
- Manukyan et al.
That is why among Armenians surnames ending in -yan prevail.
The same applies to the suffixes -an and -yants, -ents and -onts. And if -yan expresses a close relationship, then -yants - a common clan affiliation. Due to their relationship with their family, many Armenian girls, when entering into a marriage, leave their maiden name.
There are also surnames that indicate where a person is from: Artikyan (city of Artik), Masisyan (Masis), Gavaryan (Gavar); or by professional affiliation: Alekyan - artist, Nalbandyan - blacksmith, Dallakyan - hairdresser, Ekimyan - doctor, Azoyan - healer, Balavyan - shepherd, Vanikyan - merchant.
There are borrowings from Turkish- Mumjyan (candlemaker - mumji), Demirchyan (blacksmith - demirchi), Bardakchyan (potter - bardakchi), as well as with Turkic, Iranian and Hebrew roots: Kocharyan, Shahinyan, Kaputikyan, Kardashyan, Parajanov, Gyulbekyan, Dolukhanov, Yedigaryan, Arshakuni, Artashesyan, Pakhlavuni, Ozanyan and others. The advantages and disadvantages were taken into account: Shishmanyan - fat, Gamburyan - hunchbacked, Barseghyan - fertile.
When Armenia became part of the Russian state, many surnames became Russified, acquired the ending -ov and began to be pronounced like this: Arutyunov, Sarkisov, Oganesov, Simonov, Petrosov, Bagdasarov, Akopov, Karapetov, Aivazov.
Class characteristics
Names carry certain information. From them it is possible to find out to which layer of society a person belongs. The suffixes -uni, -unts and others indicated belonging to the nobility e:
This also includes what the prefix “ter” means in Armenian surnames. It, like “melik”, was used in late XVII- early 19th centuries. The first indicated the attitude towards the clergy, the second - towards the nobility (Ter - Oganesyan, Melik - Kazaryan). During the Soviet era they were avoided, but nowadays they are coming back into use.
Beautiful and funny
If we consider Armenian surnames in alphabetical order, then among the funny ones the following stand out::
- Aveyan - fish.
- Adaryan is a bachelor.
- Andoyan - egg.
- Babasyan is a glutton.
- Gadzhiyan - elephant, female elephant (for girls).
- Kokiyan is a cuckoo.
- Longuryan - tailed.
- Makaryan is a crocodile.
- Ushanyan - pepper.
- Khatlamajyan is a chubby guy.
There are too many beautiful ones too. Here are some of them:
Famous and Famous
There are many talented, widely known and outstanding representatives among the Armenians. Their names are polyphonic. They have the following meanings:
- Hakobyan - God bless.
- Galustyan - coming to the house.
- Dzhigarkhanyan - glory to the winners.
- Martirosyan - one who accepts torment.
- Petrosyan is fatherly.
- Khachaturian is a crusader.
Rules of use in Russian
There are no differences by gender. If the men's is Mkrtchyan, then the women's is Mkrtchyan. The only difference is in the case forms. The declension of Armenian masculine surnames into -yan and other endings is subject to general laws: Gagik Atunyan, Gagik Atunyan, Gagiku Atunyan, but Anna Atunyan, Anna Atunyan, Anne Atunyan. That is, in males the first and last names are declined, which ends in a consonant, and in females - only the first name. This is the declension of Armenian surnames into -yan.
Of course, the culture of this wonderful people is not limited only to names. The ethnos takes good care of its own history and has preserved religion, traditions and identity. It continues to develop and plays an important role in global society.
Attention, TODAY only!
How is the patronymic formed from the names (Armenian) Khanagov, Varantsov, Lermontov.
From names that end in hard consonants (except for sibilants and ts), middle names are formed by adding suffixes - ovich, -aries to the full form of the name. Right: Khanagovovich, Khanagovna; Varantsovovich, Varantsovovna, Lermontovovich, Lermontovna.
Hello! Help me figure out the declination of a woman's last name. The girl married Pyotr Vasilishin and became Anastasia Vasilishin, and not Anastasia Vasilishina (as they claim, this surname is supposedly Polish and is not used by women, although Pyotr’s mother bears the surname Vasilishina). Basic Truth No. 8 states that “a) there is no rule “all Armenian, Georgian, Polish, etc. surnames are not declined” - the declension of surnames is subject to the laws of language grammar, and if the final element of the surname is amenable to Russian inflection, it is declined ; b) the rule “men's surnames are declined, women's names are not” applies not to all surnames, but only to those that end in a consonant;" and “the declension of surnames ending in -ov (-ev,), -in (-yn), -sky (-tsky), i.e., the so-called standard surnames, does not cause difficulties for native speakers... If the male surname “Zhemchuzhin, that’s right: the arrival of Irina Zhemchuzhina.” So how can a HR employee “work” with this last name?
Russian help desk response
The HR department worker needs to open Anastasia’s passport and see how the surname is recorded in it in the nominative case. If in the nominative case – Vasilyshyn, then the surname is not declined: Anastasia Vasylishin, with Anastasia Vasylishin.
| Question No. 281663 | ||
Good afternoon, please tell me: How to correctly decline male and female Armenian surnames, and if possible with a link to an official document.
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 277543 | ||
On the home page of GRAMOTA, RU, in an article about the declination of surnames, I again encountered a contradiction. In one paragraph of the article you write that surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Zhuk, Palka) are not declined:
“The experience of our “Inquiry Bureau” shows that …………………………….in all cases, the declension of the surname depends on the gender of the bearer; surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Zhuk, Stick) are not declined. A considerable number of native speakers are convinced that there are so many rules for declension of surnames that it is impossible to remember them.”
And at the end of the article I read that there is nothing stopping you from inclining such surnames:
“Elementary truth No. 8. Declension of surnames is subject to the laws of ……………. The coincidence of the surname in form with common nouns (Fly, Hare, Stick, etc.) is not an obstacle to their declination.”
What is the right thing to do - to incline or not to incline? Thanks in advance for your answer.
Russian help desk response
Please read the article more carefully: “...Among native speakers there are quite a few misconceptions regarding the rules for declination of surnames. Here the main ones: the decisive factor is the linguistic origin of the surname (“Georgian, Armenian, Polish, etc. surnames are not declined”); in all cases, the declension of the surname depends on the gender of the bearer; surnames that coincide with common nouns (Thunderstorm, Beetle, Stick), do not bow. A considerable number of native speakers are convinced that there are so many rules for declension of surnames that it is not possible to remember them.”
| Question No. 270680 | ||
Good afternoon.
Please tell me, does the rule of declension of male surnames ending in a consonant apply to Armenian surnames? For example: Sardaryan, Sardaryan..
Sincerely,
Natalia
Russian help desk response
Yes, it is spreading. This rule applies to all surnames regardless of their origin.
Please tell me how to correctly decline Armenian male surnames (ending in yang)!
Thanks in advance!
Russian help desk response
Men's surnames ending in a consonant are declined, women's names are not.
| Question No. 246536 | ||
Do Armenian and Ukrainian surnames decline? Would it be correct to write: Mr. Sarukhanyan or Mr. Kondratyuk?
Russian help desk response
The declension of surnames depends in most cases not on their origin, but on what sound - a consonant or a vowel (if a vowel, then stressed or unstressed) the surname ends with. Male surnames ending in a consonant are declined (except for surnames ending in -y, -them type Black, Long), women's - no. Right: Mr. Sarukhanyan, Mr. Kondratyuk, But: Mrs. Sarukhanyan, Mrs. Kondratyuk.
How do Armenian surnames decline (for example Voskanyan)
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 242538 | ||
Hello. Please answer whether Armenian surnames are inclined.
Russian help desk response
The declension of the surname depends primarily on what sound the surname ends with - a consonant or a vowel (if it ends with a vowel, then with a stressed or unstressed one). The origin of the surname in most cases does not matter. Details about the declension of surnames different types see in "Writer".
Dear GRAMOTA,
please tell me how Armenian surnames ending in -yan, yantz, -i (Rshtuni, Koghbatsi, Khorenatsi...) are declined?
Thank you!
Russian help desk response
Surnames ending with the vowel I are not declined. As for surnames ending in a consonant (N, C, etc.), only male ones are declined. For more information on the declination of surnames, see the Letter Book.
| Question No. 238947 | ||
How to correctly decline Armenian surnames?
Russian help desk response
This article is devoted to the declination of surnames, a topic to which Russian language teachers devoted several lessons in primary school.
Ability to correctly incline proper name and the surname is very important - at school the child signs his diary and notebooks, and in adult life important government documents.
Therefore, information about the declension of surnames by case will be useful for both schoolchildren and adults.
General rules for declension of surnames
You need to remember them to avoid mistakes:
- Not all surnames ending in a consonant are inflected for both men and women:
- Women's surnames are not declined at all: script by Irina Kryuk, dress by Anna Mayer;
- male surnames can and should be declined: song by Louis Tomlinson, house of Alexander Pushkin.
- All Russian surnames ending in “a” are declined: speech by Karina Ivanova, story by Vasily Stupka.
- Foreign surnames are declined if they end in a consonant: creativity of Anatoly Petrosyan, poems of George Byron.
Exception: French surnames Dumas, Lacroix and others do not bow down.
Foreign surnames ending in a vowel other than the unstressed “a” are not inflected: music by Giuseppe Verdi, role by Sergo Makaradze.
What surnames are not declined in Russian?
This rule is well illustrated in the picture.
Do male surnames decline or not?
Male surnames are subject to declension, but not all. You need to figure out what your last name is- Russian, French, Armenian, etc., what letter it ends with, and apply the corresponding rule.
Declension of masculine surnames ending in a consonant
Declension of surnames in Ukrainian
Ukrainian surnames ending in -uk (-yuk), -ok, -ik, -ch are declined only if they are male surnames. As in Russian, female Ukrainian surnames ending in a consonant do not decline.
Exceptions to the rules include surnames ending in -i, -yh. Usually these are surnames formed from adjectives: White, Black. They don't bow down.
Do Armenian surnames end with –yan?
The declination of Armenian surnames into -an (-yan), -ants (-yanc), -unts occurs according to the rules of the Russian language: men's surnames are declined, women's surnames are not.
Declension of foreign surnames
To remember the declension of foreign names, this algorithm will be useful:
Declension of male surnames ending in a soft sign
There are few male surnames ending in -ь, but you still need to know how they decline.
Exception: surnames derived from city names are not declined. These are surnames from Uruguay, Taiwan, etc.
Declension of masculine surnames ending in a vowel
Surnames ending in a vowel, except -a , don't bow down. This is true for both male and female surnames.
| Them. p. | Peter Romanenko |
| Genus. p. | Petra Romanenko |
| Dat. p. | Petru Romanenco |
| Vin. p. | Petra Romanenko |
| Creation p. | Peter Romanenko |
| Prev. p. | (about) Petre Romanenko |
Declension of double surnames
Declension of double Russian surnames occurs as follows: both parts are declined according to the rules of the Russian language. If the first part serves only integral part, then she doesn't bow.
| Them. p. | Ivan Petrov-Zodchenko |
| Genus. p. | Ivana Petrova-Zodchenko |
| Dat. p. | Ivan Petrov-Zodchenko |
| Vin. p. | Ivana Petrova-Zodchenko |
| Creation p. | Ivan Petrov-Zodchenko |
| Prev. p. | (about) Ivan Petrov-Zodchenko |
Don’t forget that last names don’t end with –o!
Compound surnames are popular in East Asia. For example, the last name is Kim Il Sung. It consists of three parts, but only the last one is inclined, according to the general rules.
Declension of German surnames
For the most part, German surnames were derived from geographical names, personal names, nicknames.
German male surnames ending in a consonant are definitely declined: give it to Müller, call Schneider, send Wagner, no Schultz, think about Richter.
For a vowel letter, accordingly, no:letter for Adolf Weisse, work by Johann Goethe, documents of Arnold Kolbe.
Is a man's surname ending in "th" inflected?
Male surnames starting with “y” are also declined.
Declension of Georgian surnames into “iya”
Linguists do not recommend inflecting Georgian surnames with the suffixes “iya”, “ia”, “ua”, “aya”. The endings should be written correctly: otherwise it will cease to have anything to do with Georgia. Examples: Goritsavia book, Gamsakhurdia house, Chkadua address.
Remembering the spelling of last names is easy: female surnames are declined ONLY with the ending “a” ( Mokaeva, Ivanova etc.). Male surnames are declined ALL EXCEPT those ending in other vowels ( Plushenko, Begiashvili).
However, if you still have problems with declension, it is better to turn to the Internet or the Directory of Surnames. This will take time, but you will be sure that the data is recorded correctly and will not have to be changed.
Why is this necessary?
Surely each of you at least once in your life has encountered a situation when another person corrected you or someone else: “My last name is not inclined!” Or maybe you yourself are the bearer of such a surname? Then you will understand how annoying it is sometimes to see a mistake in its writing in a business letter, on a letterhead or in an order, a certificate of honor and other official documents. Declension of surnames is a question not only of literacy, but also business etiquette. So, let's figure it out to avoid annoying misunderstandings!
Always bowing surnames
These are all typical surnames for our country, ending in “-ov/-ova” and “-in/-ina,” both female and male. It's almost impossible to make a mistake here. For example: Sidorov/Sidorova, Ilyin/Ilyina. However, if a man’s surname is of Slavic origin, in the instrumental case it will have the ending “-ym” (Komarov - with Komarov), and if it is foreign, then “-om” (Darwin - with Darwin). At the same time, the declination of surnames should not be identified with the names of cities consonant with them: “with Vasya Rostov”, but “under the city of Rostov”.
2. The declension of female surnames Smorodina, Zhemchuzhina and the like is twofold and depends on how the declension of male surnames occurs. For example, if the husband is Sergei Smorodin, then “there is no Lena Smorodina,” and if Sergei Smorodina, then it would be correct to say “there is no Lena Smorodina.”
Never bow down!
Under no circumstances, regardless of gender and stress, are they declined:
1. Surnames with a vowel at the end (except for A and Z): Lukashenko, Tsekalo, Koni, Ceausescu, Kokoity, Tsiskaridze, Orbakaite, Basilashvili, Camus, etc.
2. “Frozen adjectives” in the genitive plural - surnames ending in “-y” and “-ih”: Dolgikh, Belykh, Sedykh, Kosykh. You can’t say “no Kolya Chernykh,” only “no Kolya Chernykh.” Surnames are not Slavic origin, having the same ending (for example, Roerich) are declined in the same way as those ending in a consonant.
Declension of surnames depending on the gender of the person who bears them
These are surnames with a consonant at the end (except, as indicated above, surnames ending in “-ov” (Petrov), “-in” (Grishin). If the surname is borne by a man, it is declined, if a woman is not. Under this rule the declension of Armenian surnames is suitable. For example, the instrumental case - by whom? Karen Galustyan, but Karina Galustyan. We also include the surnames of “-y/-s”, which were written about above: Nikolai Freindlich, but actress Alisa Freindlich.
Special case
The declension of surnames into “-a/-ya”, which have Slavic roots, occurs in both feminine and masculine versions. For example, Anton Galushka/Anna Galushka; Pavel Volya/Svetlana Volya, etc.
However, there are surnames of foreign origin with the following ending: Globa, Liepa, Khakamada. What to do in this case?
Remember that last names are usually not inflected with “-а/-я”:
1. French, where the last vowel is stressed: Dumas, Zola.
2. If there is one more before the last vowel: Delacroix.
But if the ending is “-iya”, for example, as in the surname “Beria”, you can use both options: “portrait of Beria” or “portrait of Beria”.
Surnames - adjectives
There are a lot of them: Mayakovsky, Moskovsky, Tolstoy, Milenkaya and so on. Most of them are declined as adjectives. To whom? Leo Tolstoy (compare: fat hare). Sometimes there are funny incidents. “The certificate is presented to Kosoy Sergei Yuryevich” And the question also arises: who is the wife? Oblique? Yes! All these names are always bowed down!