Myth No. 1. Geographical names on -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno do not bow down and never have bowed down. Options in Boldin, from Ostankino, in Pulkovo -“newspeak”, illiteracy, corruption of language.

Question from the “Help Bureau” of “Gramota.ru”: Recently, our television announcers have begun to incline the names: in Ostankino, in Konkovo etc. Have we changed the rules of the Russian language or have we made some concessions for announcers so that they don’t bother themselves?

Blog quote: “It pisses me off when they say on the news in Lublin, whereas all my life I thought that it wasn’t bending...” (blogger marinkafriend)

In fact: -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Boldin, to Pulkovo, from Kosovo. The tendency to use the indeclinable option has developed only in recent decades. In other words, the new normal is not in Lublin, A in Lyublino.

From the history: Initially, all such names were inflected (remember Pushkin: “History of the village of Goryukhin A» , from Lermontov: “It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers Borodin Day A!» , remember the Soviet film “It was about Penkov e» ). Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military officers, because it was very important to give names in the original form to avoid confusion: Kirov And Kirovo, Pushkin And Pushkino etc. But gradually indeclinable forms began to penetrate into written speech. Thus, in “Grammar of the modern Russian literary language” 1970 year it was indicated that in modern Russian literary language show a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension with place names with finals -ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o), -in(o). In other words, intransigence was just beginning to spread.

Quote on topic:“The habit of not declining the names of places apparently originates from military reports. But is it good that the newspaper spreads and takes root this habit? “I live in Odintsovo, in Kratovo”, and not “in Odintsovo, in Kratovo” - the habit of not inflecting names gives living speech some kind of official character” (L.K. Chukovskaya. In the editor’s laboratory).

"Russian Grammar" 1980 indicated: “Geographical names on -ovo, -evo And -ino, -ino: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Kuntsevo, Sarajevo, Boldino, Borodino, Golitsyno and under. in modern colloquial, professional, newspaper speech they show a tendency towards immutability. Despite this, in written speech, in accordance with current grammatical rules, geographical names on - ov(O), -yev(O), -ev(O), -in(O), -yn(O) are inclined: IN sky above Tushin(gas.); Speech coming about airport V Sheremetyevo(gas.). The indeclinability of geographical names is normal in the following cases: 1) If such a name is an appendix to one of the following generalizing words: village, village, village, station, encampment, less often – city: V village Vasilkovo, V village Pushkino, V village Belkino, on stations Gogolevo. 2) If a populated area is named after a famous person: near Repino(name of a village near Leningrad), near from Lermontovo(name of a small town near Penza).”

30 years have passed since then - and inflexible options have become so widespread that initially the only correct inflected option is today perceived by many as erroneous(see the words of the blogger above). Once upon a time A. A. Akhmatova was indignant if they said in front of her we live in Kratovo instead of we live in Kratovo, and the writer V.I. Belov sarcastically suggested to the speakers I live in Kemerovo pronounce in the same way from the window. Nowadays, many consider this very use to be a corruption of the language - in Kratovo, in Strogin, in Pulkovo– i.e. corresponding to strict literary norms.

However, the inflexibility of the names in question gradually became normative, which is said (albeit with caution) modern dictionaries. Here is a quote from the “Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language” by A. A. Zaliznyak: “...It is very common - both in oral speech and in print - to use a given word [toponym in -ovo, -ino] as unchangeable, for example: lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino instead of literary lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodin. The prevalence of this phenomenon is so significant that it appears to be approaching the status of an acceptable variant.”

Thus, today both variants function in free use - inflected and indeclinable. Let us also note that over the past decades, the tendency noted by “Russian Grammar” not to change the original form of the names of settlements, if they are used as an appendix, along with the generic name, has finally taken hold. “Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova (M., 2010) indicates: “The above names [names of cities, villages, villages] do not agree , villages, estates in combination with a generic word], if they are expressed... by proper names in - ovo (-evo), -yno (-ino) – in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Pushkino».

So let's remember elementary truth No. 1.

Basic truth No. 1. Geographical names Slavic origin, ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected (old) and indeclinable (new): in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And towards Strogino, in Ivanovo And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”

Letterman

Names and titles

How to decline geographical names?

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names combined with a generic word

Geographical name used with generic names town, village, hamlet, hamlet, river etc., acting as an appendix, agrees with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name.

Right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead;near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream.

Both parts of the name decline Moskva River: Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. In colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River etc. But such use does not correspond to strict literary norms.

Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases:

when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. numbers: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi;

when the gender of the generalizing common noun and the toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfenok(however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word city, so it's correct: in the city of Tula, from Moscow; about the appropriateness of using the word itself here city see below).

In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability in applications-place names of the neuter gender ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the city of Vidnoye(this name is not declined, because when declined it will be difficult to restore the original form: in the city of Vidnoye - This Vidny town or Vidnoye city?).

The “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A.V. Superanskaya (M., 2013) states that toponyms are usually not declined in combination with the following geographical terms: swamp, bay, mountains, state, valley, bay, outpost, land village, key, well, kingdom, town, deposit, cape, region, lake, district, island, pass, plateau, plateau, dam, area, peninsula, village, province, strait, fishery, district(as an administrative-territorial unit), village, station, tract, ridge, state. The exception is when the name is expressed by an adjective: on Lake Ritsa, But: on Lake Onega, in the Bay of Kotor, But: in Sydney Harbour.

In the city of Stary Oskol or in the city of Stary Oskol? Compound names in combination with a generic word

Is it necessary to decline the compound names of cities and other settlements in combination with a generic word? Reference manuals answer this question in different ways. Everywhere it is indicated that such names are not declined if their external form corresponds to the form plural: in the city of Velikie Luki, from the city of Mineralnye Vody(see above). What if it corresponds to the singular form? Stary Oskol, Vyshny Volochek, Nizhny Novgorod, Krivoy Rog...

In the “Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, in the manual by Yu. A. Belchikov “Practical Stylistics of the Modern Russian Language”, as well as in the “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A. V. Superanskaya it is indicated that such names are not declined in combination with a generic word: in the city of Stary Crimea, from the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the city of Stary Oskol, above the city of Lodeynoye Pole. At the same time, the “Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language” by L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya indicates that in toponyms expressed by combinations of words, parts of the name should be declined: in the city of Vyshny Volochyok, however, in colloquial and professional speech, an indeclinable version has spread and taken root: near the city of Vyshny Volochek, in the settlement of Dolgiy Most.

In Moscow or in the city of Moscow?

In the “Directory of the Publisher and Author” by A.E. Milchin and L.K. Cheltsova it is stated that “reduction G.(city), like full word, it is recommended to use it sparingly, mainly before city names derived from surnames ( Kirov)».

Thus, it is commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech). Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow do not correspond to the literary norm.

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino?

Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And towards Strogino, in Ivanovo And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”

Read more about titles at -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno see in the section “Elemental truths”.

Pushkin or Pushkin?

Geographical names on -s (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have an ending in the instrumental case -ohm, For example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsyno - Golitsyn.

Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames are -in (-yn) and on -s (-ev) have the ending in the instrumental case -th, cf.: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin And Pushkin(city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov And Alexandrov(city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirskoye or in Kamen-Kashirskoye?

If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamnya-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don.

All toponyms in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, to Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

How to decline foreign-language geographical names?

Names ending with -A

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives sort of on -A, For example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara;

Toponyms of French origin ending in -A in the source language: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura etc. However, names to which the ending was added in Russian -A, inclined: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne(cf.: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in are declined -A unstressed: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima;

Estonian and Finnish names are not declined: from Jyväskylä, Saaremaa;

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed experience fluctuations in declination -A. However, many of these names tend to be: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - to Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: to Bahia Blanca, to Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, to Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela;

complex Slavic names that are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives are declined, for example: Biała Podlaska – from Biała Podlaska, Banska Bystrica – to Banska Bystrica.

Names ending with -O And -e

Such names are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno.

Names ending with -and, -s

Toponyms have a greater tendency towards inclination -s: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary.

Usually names are not inclined to -And: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant

Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not inflected in application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Ziadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is names long ago borrowed and adopted by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.)

If such names are not used in the application function, they tend to be: in the city of Mantasas, But 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the town of Manston, But near Manston.

Latin American names depart from this group by - OS: to Fuentos.

Complex names of type are not declined Pere Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt.

Compound names with the second part do not decline -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrich Stadt Palace, Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main?

The first part of complex foreign language toponyms, as a rule, is not declined: in Almaty, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.

If any foreign language compound name is used in an application function with common nouns like city, town, capital, port and so on, it is left unchanged in the second part: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital La Paz(the exception is long-borrowed names mastered in Russian: in New York City).

QUESTION TO THE INFORMATION BUREAU

What to do with the combination municipal formation of the urban district of Usinsk?

I have the following question. Our municipality is officially called Municipal entity of the urban district "Usinsk". However, I have doubts about the correctness of using the phrase in this case urban district in the genitive case. In my opinion, according to the rules of the Russian language, the correct name should be used in the nominative case: Municipal formation urban district "Usinsk".

There is also a question about the placement of quotation marks: they should come before and after the word Usinsk or the expression must be quoted "Usinsk Urban District"?

Russian help desk response

Combinations municipality And urban district must be consistent in case (in other words, used in the same case), since urban district from a syntax point of view, it is an application. Wed: oriole bird.

As for quotation marks and other symbols. The following design options are possible here:

municipal formation - Usinsk urban district;

municipal formation "Usinsk City District".

Moreover, when using quotation marks, the part of the name enclosed in them will not be declined: administration municipality"Usinsk Urban District".

Sources:

Ageenko F. L. Dictionary of proper names of the Russian language. M., 2010.

Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. 3rd ed., erased. M., 2008.

Milchin A. E., Cheltsova L. K. Directory of publisher and author. M., 2003.

Rosenthal D. E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M., 2003.

Russian grammar / Ch. ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. In 2 vols. M., 1980.

Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names. M., 2013.

Memo: how to decline geographical names August 26th, 2006

WHICH IS CORRECT: IN OSTANKINO OR IN OSTANKINO, IN MOSCOW OR IN THE CITY OF MOSCOW? HOW TO CLOSE GEOGRAPHIC NAMES?

A geographical name used with the generic names city, village, station, settlement, river, etc., acting as an appendix, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name:
That's right: in Nizhny Novgorod, in Moscow, in St. Petersburg, in Vladivostok.
Geographical names are usually not declined in cases where the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. numbers: in the city of Velikiye Luki, when the gender of the generalizing common noun and toponym do not coincide: from the island of Jura, near the village of Mironushka, in the village of Vsevolod-Vilva. The last remark, however, does not apply to combinations with the word city, therefore it is correct: in the city of Tula, from the city of Moscow.
Place name applications of the neuter gender, ending in -o, -e (except for words ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, which will be discussed below) show a tendency towards indeclinability: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, from the city of Vidnoye. The indeclinability of the toponym in last example is also explained by the fact that for a person who does not know the true name of the city, when the toponym is declension (in the city of Vidnoye), it will be difficult to restore the original form (when restoring, you can think that it is both Vidny and Vidnoye).
Correct: in Vidnoye, from Vidnoye, but: in the city of Vidnoye, from the city of Vidnoye; in Velikiye Luki, but: in the city of Velikiye Luki.

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino? Pushkin or Pushkin?

Place names of Slavic origin in -ov(o), -ev(o), -in(o), -yn(o) are traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Strogin, in Novokosin, from Lublin. However, in recent decades there has been a tendency to use the indeclinable option. Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military officers, because it was very important to give names in the original form so that there was no confusion: Kirov and Kirovo, Pushkin and Pushkino, etc. But gradually from oral speech indeclinable forms penetrated into written speech and have become so widespread that the originally only correct inflected option is now perceived by many as erroneous! Note also that over the past decades there has been a steady tendency not to change the original form of the name of settlements, if they are used as an appendix, together with the generic name.
So, in the modern Russian literary language, such norms apply. If there is a generic word (city, district, village, etc.), then it is correct not to incline: from the Lyublino region, towards the Strogino region. If there is no generic word, then both options are correct, inflected and indeclinable: in Lyublino and in Lublin, towards Strogino and towards Strogin.
Correct: in the city of Pushkino, in the city of Ivanovo, in the Perovo region, but (without a generic word): in Pushkino and in Pushkin, in Kosovo and in Kosovo.

Geographical names in -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have the ending -om in the instrumental case, for example: Lvov - Lvovom, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsino - Golitsyn.
Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames with -in (-yn) and -ov (-ev) have the ending -ym in the instrumental case, cf.: Pushkin (surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin (city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov (surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov (city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirskoye, in the city of Kamen-Kashirskoye?

If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamnya-Kashirsky, in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don. The same in combination with a generic term: in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Rostov-on-Don.
All place names in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, in Losino-Ostrovsky, in Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.
Correct: in Kamne-Kashirsky, from Pereslavl-Zalessky, in the city of Mogilev-Podolsky, but: in Likino-Dulevo, near the city of Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

In the Republic of Germany, in the Czech Republic?

The official names of republics are consistent with the word republic if they have the form female, ending in -я and -я: Government of the Republic of Korea, in the Republic of Switzerland. The exception is the inflexible name Germany in combination with the word republic: in the Federal Republic of Germany (see http://www.gramota.ru/docs.html?id=85)

The names of the republics do not agree if they have a masculine form or a feminine form ending in -a and without an ending: in the Republic of Lebanon, in the Republic of Sakha, in the Republic of Cuba.
Correct: with the Republic of Belarus, from the Czech Republic, but: in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In the city of Washington or in the city of Washington?

Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in application function:
in the city of Washington, in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Zyadin, near the city of Manston.

In Osaka or in Osaka?

The following types of foreign language geographical names are distinguished: in -a; -o and -e; on -i, -s; to a consonant.

1. Some acquired names tend to start with -a: Bukhara, Chita, Ankara. Polysyllabic geographical names of Italian and Spanish origin are not declined: in Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela; French place names with a finite ending are not declined: Gras, Spa, Le Dora. Names with a final ending are declined: in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne; show a tendency to be inflexible Japanese names na -a: in Osaka. Finnish and Estonian geographical names are also not inclined: Sirgala, Iotusa, Kunda. Abkhazian and Georgian names are usually not declined. But the names of the resorts: in Pitsunda, in Gagari, from Gadout.
2. Place names in -о and -е are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago Calais, Grodno, Vilno, Kovno.
3. Toponyms with -s have a greater tendency towards inclination: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary. Usually names are not inclined to -i: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki, Sukhumi.
4. Place names with a consonant are usually declined, provided that the name is not used in the application function: in the city of Mantasas, 70 kilometers from Mantasas. Latin American names in -os depart from this group: in Fuentos. Complex names like Père Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt are not inclined. Compound names with the second part - street, - square, - park, - palace do not decline: along Alvin Street, in Union Square, in the Friedrich Stadt Palace hall, in Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main?

The first part of complex foreign-language place names, as a rule, is not declined: in Alma-Ata, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.
If any foreign language compound name is used in the application function with common nouns such as city, town, capital, port, etc., it is left unchanged in the second part: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital of La Paz.

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names in combination with a generic word A geographical name used with generic names city, village, hamlet, hamlet, river, etc., acting as an application, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it is inclined if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or represents a long time ago borrowed and adopted name.

That's right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead; near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream. Both parts in the name Moskva River are declined: Moskva River, on the Moscow River, etc. In colloquial speech, there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River, etc. But this use does not correspond literary norm.

Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases: 1. when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. dates: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi; 2. when the gender of the generalizing common noun and toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfenok (however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word city, therefore it is correct: in the city of Tula, from the city of Moscow; about the appropriateness of use here the word city itself, see below).

In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability of neuter place name applications ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, not far from the village of Mironezhye, in the city of Vidnoye. In Moscow or in the city of Moscow? The abbreviation g. (city), like the full word, is recommended to be used sparingly, mainly before the names of cities formed from surnames (city of Kirov).” Thus, commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow, should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech).

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino? Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno are not declined in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino region, towards the Strogino region, to the Mitino region, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo . If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and in Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitin and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino.

Pushkin or Pushkin? Geographical names in -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -ino (-yno) have the ending -om in the instrumental case, for example: Lvov - Lvovom, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsino - Golitsyn. Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames with -in (-yn) and -ov (-ev) have the ending -ym in the instrumental case, cf. : Pushkin (surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin (city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov (surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov (city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirskoye or in Kamen-Kashirskoye? If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamen-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky. The same in combination with a generic term: in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Rostov-on-Don. All toponyms in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, in Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

Names ending in - and many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives gender in -a, for example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara; Toponyms of French origin that end in -a in the source language do not decline: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura, etc. However, names to which the ending -a was added in Russian do decline: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne (cf.: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in unstressed -a are declined: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima; Estonian and Finnish names are not inclined: from Jyväskylä, to Saaremaa; Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed -a experience fluctuations in declination. Nevertheless, many of these names are inclined: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - before Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex geographical names are not inclined to - but unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: in Bahia Blanca, in Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, in Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena , from Santiago de Compostela; complex Slavic names that are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives are declined, for example: Biała Podlaska - from Biała Podlaska, Banska Bystrica - to Banska Bystrica

Names ending in -о and -е Such names are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilno, Kovno. Place names ending in -i, -y Place names ending in -y have a greater tendency to inclination: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary. Usually names are not inclined to -i: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in the application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Ziadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is names that have long been borrowed and mastered by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.) If such names are not used in the application function, they, as a rule, tend to be: in the city of Mantasas, but 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the city of Manston, but near Manston.

The Latin American names on - os: in Fuentos depart from this group. Complex names like Père Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt are not inclined. Compound names with the second part - street, - square, - park, - palace do not decline: along Alvin Street, in Union Square, in the Friedrich Stadt Palace hall, in Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main? The first part of complex foreign-language place names, as a rule, is not declined: in Alma-Ata, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.

Toponyms are divided according to inflection into four groups of combinations: Combinations with a toponym in an indeclinable form: Republic of Haiti, Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Peru, etc. They, accordingly, do not change at all by case. Combinations with a toponym ending in -th and a consonant, as a rule, are not declined: Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The same rule applies to subjects Russian Federation: Altai Republic, Dagestan Republic, Tatarstan Republic, etc.

Combinations with masculine and feminine place names ending in -a or without an ending are not declined in official documents and strict business speech: in the Republic of Angola, with the Republic of Cuba, Ambassador of the Republic of Poland, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with the Republic of Lebanon, agreement with the Republic of Belarus, etc. Combinations with geographical names in -ia. Authors of the reference book “Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants” Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. note that “all Slavic and especially Russian toponyms-applications of this group in indirect case forms are declined”: delegation of the Republic of Bulgaria, government of the Federal Republic Yugoslavia, administration of the Republic of Slovenia, etc.

The names of foreign republics in -iya, -eya usually agree with the word republic if they have a feminine form (D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova. Handbook of spelling, pronunciation, literary editing): trade and relations of the Russian Federation with the Republic of India, the Republic of Switzerland, the government of the Republic of Bolivia, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Adygea, etc.

Meanwhile, the indeclinability of such toponyms in indirect cases is also recorded in official documents: Ambassador of the Republic of Kenya, Plenipotentiary Representative of the Republic of Colombia, visit to the Republic of India, in the Republic of Korea, on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia, with the Republic of Adygea, etc. In newspaper and colloquial speech in In indirect case forms, these toponyms are usually declined.

In the original form, for the names of both foreign republics and CIS countries and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the form is most often used nominative case: Republic of Albania, Republic of Zambia, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Federal Republic of Germany, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Adygea, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Karelia, etc. The exception is one official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.